Chapter 70 Sixty-nine, Yang Du and the Preparatory Committee

Yuan's imperial activities were supported by two foreign talents and one Chinese talent.Two foreign talents, one is Dr. Goodnow, an American political advisor to the government, and the other is Dr. Nagao Ariga, a Japanese legal advisor to the government.Yuan moved out these two foreign talents with deep meaning.Goodnow, an American doctor, is well-known for his proficiency in political science. He published a special article saying that the republic is not suitable for China's national conditions, which is enough to prove that China is an imperial system; and Nagao Nagao advocates that China should change to an imperial system. Ari is a Japanese jurist. Japan is a powerful country with a constitutional monarchy. If China changes to an imperial system, it will follow Japan as a powerful country in Asia.As for who is a Chinese genius?It is the famous Yang Du.In Yuan's think tank, Yang represents the new faction. He thinks he is a trump card in Yuan's sleeve. Unexpectedly, whether Yuan chooses the Prime Minister of the Cabinet or the Secretary of State, he can't be elected. He is really sullen.He served as the "supervisor of Hankou shopping malls", and the work became more and more boring. In April 3rd of the Republic of China, he resigned from this supervisor and returned to participate in politics in Beijing. He changed from the old Yuan's think tank to the prince Yuan Keding's think tank.At this time, the closest person to Yuan was Xia Shoutian, the internal historian. Xia was Yang's fellow countryman and classmate.Although Ruan Zhongshu, chief internal historian, was Yuan's old aide in Xiaozhan, he was addicted to opium at that time.Zhang Yiling, an old staff member from the Xiaozhan era, is full-time the confidential director of the Zhengshitang.Yuan went to the signing room early in the morning every day, and Xia Shoutian was the only one who arrived on time, so he consulted with Xia on everything, and Xia became Yuan's confidant, knowing Yuan's movements and intentions.Since Xia was introduced by Yang Du, Yang and Xia are very close. Xia often goes to Yang's house for dinner, so what Xia knows, Yang also knows.

Since Yang Du fully understood Yuan's intentions, he wrote an article "On the Salvation of the Country by the Monarch Constitution" and handed it over to Yuan Xia Shoutian. This masterpiece was sent to Duan Zhigui, and he was ordered to print it in secret. The four characters "Kuang Dai Yicai" were presented to Yang Du on a horizontal plaque inscribed by Yuan Qin in May of the 3rd year of the Republic of China. Yang You thanked him: "To thank you: On May 31st, according to the President's decree, Yang Du gave a plaque to one party. This order is waiting for it. Hereby, Xuanyin Zhengshitang awarded the plaque with the title "Kuang Dai Yicai" , Immediately accept it with respect and respect. Fu Niandu is obscene with meager materials, and he is absurd to participate in public opinion. , Sweeping away dangers and doubts, I was able to spend the rest of my life in trouble. At the occasion of the enlightened event, the reputation was stolen, and the guilt of returning to the bow was too much. Only the bones remained, and the heart of serving the country was endless. Thank you for all, and it is reasonable and respectful Great President Jun Jian!"

After the issue with Japan came to an end, speculators such as Xu Fosu and Ding Shiyi saw Yuan's hidden intentions and secretly petitioned Yuan to change to the monarchy. Yuan ordered Xia Shoutian to discuss these opinions with Yang Du.Yuan Chuyi wanted Yang to be an intermediary, to contact Xu, Ding, etc. behind the scenes, to direct Xu Fusu and others to organize an academic group to study the issue of the state system, and to recruit some celebrities to participate, so that this group can influence and lead public opinion, and lay the foundation for the imperial system. .Yuan himself could neither issue orders.It is also impossible to personally command, so it is most appropriate for Yang to be in charge.You don't want Yang to come forward because the relationship between Yang and Yuan is too deep and the color is too strong. Yang's appearance will make people see that this is a self-promoting and self-singing drama.

But Yang is willing to go out in person, unwilling to be an unsung hero.Xia Shoutian conveyed Yuan's opinion and asked Yang to contact well-known people at that time to study the issue of the imperial system. He then invited five famous people: Sun Yuyun, Hu Ying, Liu Shipei, Yan Fu, Li Xiehe, and Yang Du himself, a total of six people , Later everyone called them the "Six Gentlemen of Hong Xian". Sun Yuyun's ancestors were from Jining Prefecture, Shandong Province, and moved to Daliushu Town, 20 miles outside Shouzhou City, Anhui Province, due to fleeing famine.This refugee had two sons. The eldest son made his fortune as a cloth seller, and was married to Sun Yuyun;Inspired by the assassination of five ministers by Wu Yue from Tongcheng, Sun Yuyun went to Tokyo to join the League. State Prime Minister Sun Jianai's nephew, so defending him, he was only sentenced to five years in prison.During the Revolution of 1911, Sun Yuyun was freed and served as the Deputy Chief of the Jiangsu-Zhejiang Allied Army Headquarters, and was soon promoted to be the governor of Anhui.Later, when he went to Beijing, he severed ties with the Kuomintang.After the Second Revolution, Sun turned to Yuan one-sidedly. He successively served as the chairman of the Constitution Conference, participated in politics, and organized a constitutional government research association.

Hu Ying, formerly known as Zongwan, nicknamed Jingwu, was born in Taoyuan, Hunan Province. He studied in Changsha Jingzheng School in his early years. He conspired with Wu Yue to assassinate five ministers.After the 1911 Uprising, he stepped out of prison and proclaimed himself Minister of Foreign Affairs.The Nanjing provisional government was established, and Sun Yat-sen appointed him as the governor of Shandong. After Yuan came to power, he was appointed as the economic envoy of Shaanxi and the reclamation envoy of Qinghai, Xinjiang.He and Yang Du were good friends and arrived in Beijing in late May of the 4th year of the Republic of China.

Since the failure of the second revolution, Sun and Hu have died or fled in the same party. They think that the chances of the Kuomintang turning around are running out, so they go another way.Hu Ying is a person who is used to going to extremes. The revolution goes to the extreme, and the reaction also goes to the extreme. He is willing to be with birds and beasts.Later, he was most afraid of people making six gestures to him: a six-finger horizontally is one of the six gentlemen, and a six-finger thumb on the lips is to laugh at his heavy cigarette addiction.Hu Ying and Sun Yuyun, if they had been kidnapped and taken to the execution ground when the revolutionaries were arrested, they would have been heroic revolutionary martyrs in the future. Unfortunately, the Qing officials have fulfilled them and kicked them out of the martyrs' shrine. But I ruined myself, missed the opportunity to stay, and became a stinking person.It's hard to say what happens to people.Liu Shipei, formerly known as Guanghan, wrote "Ranglun" and "Chinese Ethnography" in the late Qing Dynasty.Zeng and Zhang Binglin founded the Restoration Association and were a national scholar.In terms of Chinese studies, he has written: "Small Studies of Chinese Studies", "Academic History in the Late Qing Dynasty", "Five Volumes of Zuo'an Anthology", "Talking Zuo's Notes", "Miscellaneous Notes on Papers", and "History of Medieval Literature".Later, he rebelled and served as the corporal of Duanfang, the governor of Liangjiang. After Duanfang resigned, he went to Sichuan as a lecturer at the National Academy.After the Republic of China, Zhang Binglin introduced him to Peking University as a professor of liberal arts.Yang Du published "On the Salvation of the Nation by the Constitution of the Monarch", and he also published "On the National Conditions" and "Admonition to Comrades of the Old League". In the fourth year, Yuan was consulted by the government.He wrote a thank you story:

"Stealing teachers and cultivating careers and delaying seven strategies, talent thanks to three elders, filial piety and hardships, Zijun Jixing ancient learning, self-defense and ignorance, fortunately worthy of Xiu Ming, comprehensive Zou Lu's seven classics, recited in the past. The two classics of Tang and Yu, seeing Du Yu today, complimenting the great president Qiande on his birthday, humbly and generously helping, and spreading the wind to the Qu room. Huayi Lingtai, visiting the legacy of Xin Yin, hiring Shen Gong to bundle silk, and joining together Son, he was late to seek advice from the wind, drove to recruit his husband, chanted and consulted, and was exhausted. Gu Fu did not forget to collect, prepared for inquiries, and passed on to the officials of the state. He entered the front seat of Han officials to hear about state affairs Responsibility for the use of the Spring and Autumn Period, then waited for the banned officials, placed it in the place of day and night to discuss thoughts, favored the music and quilts, and the fall became more and more troublesome, but the only way to look up was to exhaust the trickles, and Jitu reported. COSCO Yu Chen reported, Li Liang Festival Yu Yingong. You have a good plan, and you are prepared for the special opponents of the southern officials. There is nothing wrong with the court. I would like to peek at the suicide note of Dongguan."

Seriously complex words, also known as Youling and Youling, a native of Houguan County, Fujian Province. In the second year of Guangxu, he was sent to the UK to study the navy as the first student of the Fujian Shipbuilding Academy. After returning to China, he served as a teacher at the Beiyang Naval Academy. He studied the navy, but he is well-known both at home and abroad. He translated Western masterpieces. He once participated in the Zhangyuan "Congress" chaired by Tang Caichang. He was promoted as the vice chairman and Rong Hong as the chairman.The Qing government had ordered that those who attended the meeting be selected. Yan Fu took refuge in the Shanghai Concession and devoted himself to the cause of book translation.He has successively completed "Tianyanlun", "Mingxue", "Qunxue Xunyan", "Group's Self-rights", "Yuanfu", "Fayi", "Social Interpretation", "Famous Studies", Books on "A Brief Discussion on Chinese Education".Yan is the first person in China to introduce Western theories in ancient Chinese.He has a concept of translation work, and believes that we should seek "faithfulness", "expression" and "elegance".He and fellow countrymen Gu Hongming and Lin Shu are as famous as the three heroes in the literary world, but Yan Fu is committed to introducing Western theories to China; Gu Hongming is translating Chinese academic thoughts into foreign languages ​​and sending them abroad; Work for life.All three have achieved success, and each has a career path.Gu Hongming once studied in Germany and France. After returning to China, he became a close friend of Zhang Zhidong, specializing in Chinese classics, and has an English work "Spring and Autumn Days".His thinking is retro, he opposes the republic, and he does not seek fame, but he looks down on Chen Baochen and Zheng Xiaoxu, veterans from his hometown.He has a particularly strong memory and is proficient in various languages.

In the Qing Dynasty, Yuan Shikai was the Minister of Beiyang, and once recruited Yan Fu. He looked down on Yuan very much, so he firmly refused.He said: "What is Yuan Shikai? It is enough to recruit me." When Xuantong succeeded to the throne.When the regent Zaifeng forced Yuan to leave the position of minister of military aircraft, he sympathized with Yuan and said regretfully: "It seems that Yuan is still the pillar of a country. It is a pity to leave it idle!" The supervisor of the church, when the whole country unanimously supported the republic, he believed that there was a republic in the name but not the reality of the republic.Before Yuan wanted to become emperor, he wanted to find a few famous people to support him, so he met with a setback with Liang Qichao first. Yang Dunai advocated finding Yan, and said straight to the point: "Young man, you are against the republic system. Recently Kaiser Wilhelm II You also said that the republic system is not suitable for China, what is your opinion on this?" Yan said coldly: "I have no opinion, state affairs are different, how can we change it again and again!" Unification does not need to be ruled by a powerful monarch, we want to initiate and organize a group to study the state system, how about asking young people to be the initiators?" Yan coldly replied: "Why do you study? It is okay to call yourself the emperor and the king. Seeing that the words were not speculative, Yang quickly changed his tone and said: "You are wrong, young man. If political opinions are not based on the principles, it will not be smooth. If a scholar does not dedicate what he has learned to the country, he will be disloyal. You are a high-ranking scholar with great talents." , How can you lie down high and not be able to live like the common people in the world?" This sentence hit Yan's heart, so he said: "Okay! You go to initiate, and I can list a name." The next day, Chiu'an will initiate News of the formation was published in the newspapers, and Yan Fu's name was impressively among the promoters.He just felt a little dazed.

Li Xiehe was a student of Qiushi School in his early years. He participated in the Pingli Uprising. After the failure, he fled to Japan and joined the Restoration Society and the Tongmenghui successively.After the Revolution of 1911, Li Yuanhong appointed him as a recruitment envoy in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. He went to Shanghai to instigate the police to respond to the uprising, and assumed the name of "Commander-in-Chief of the Restoration Army" in Wusong.After the assassination of Song Jiaoren happened, he went from Hunan to Beijing to reconcile the north and the south, but in fact he was too poor to eat and wanted to find opportunities.He happened to meet Yang Du and was recruited by Yang.

In the first ten days of August of the 4th year of the Republic of China, when Yuan’s American adviser, Goodnow, was about to return to China, Yuan instructed him to write an article “On the Republic and the Monarch”, and ordered Lin Bu, the counselor of the Legal Affairs Bureau, to translate it into Chinese and send it to the Asia Newspaper. Published, this seems to be the first whip of the imperial system. On August 14th, Yang Du, Sun Yuyun, Yan Fu, Liu Shipei, Li Xiehe, and Hu Ying jointly telegraphed the whole country and issued a declaration on the establishment of the Preparatory Committee: "During the Revolution of 1911 in our country, the Chinese people were emotionally charged. However, removing the barriers of race and not taking into account the progress of politics, was it appropriate to formulate a republic system in a hurry? Is it appropriate for the national conditions to think twice? ;Although the people with deep knowledge know that the hidden dangers are long, they have to submit to them to avoid a temporary disaster. Therefore, since the abdication of the Qing Dynasty, the founding and continuation of the Republic of China, and the transition from the provisional government to the official government, the country The dangers experienced and the pain felt by the people can be spoken by the whole country. If there is no plan, there will be no end to disaster. Nearby South America, Central America, and other republics such as Brazil, Argentina, Peru, Chile, etc. all started from party disputes , eventually became a disaster of war, Portugal was recently transformed into a republic, and it also caused great chaos. The most troublesome one is Mexico. Since the abdication of the throne, the war has been endless. , looting and massacres, omnipresent, died until five presidents stood side by side, and accompanied the country in the tragedy of anarchy. Our country is also a republic newly created in the East. Is it not a lesson from the past? The United States is the pioneer of the world republic! The beauty of beauty Dr. Goodnow, a great political scientist, said, "The monarchy is actually better than democracy in the world's state system, but China must not use the monarchy state system." This is not what Dr. Du Gu said. Dr. Gu discusses the gains and losses of republican politics from the perspective of the people of the republic. He is deeply clear about it. He also said that the relationship between China and the United States is different and cannot be forced to be transplanted. Those outsiders who miss our country do not hesitate to speak out, thinking that our people are advice, but we People in the country are anti-committal, do not think about the fundamental solution, or even know that the national situation is in danger, but use their own reputation and interests to care about it, look forward and hesitate, and are afraid of making suggestions. What is patriotism? What is the national obligation? ?We, as the Chinese people, the survival of China is the life and death of our property. How can we bear to stand silently and wait for its death! We specially gather comrades to form this meeting to raise the security of a country. For the future of the country and the interests of the republic, Let each of you share what you have seen, and do your best to discuss and learn from each other, and contribute to the people. People with far-sightedness in the country, learning from their stupidity and sincerity, are willing to come and discuss with each other. China is very fortunate!" The so-called "savvy man" in the manifesto alludes to Lao Yuan, in order to wash away Yuan's behavior of being in favor of the republic at one time, and then switching to the monarchy, capricious, opportunistic, and selfish; To prove that the monarchy is better than democracy, China has to implement the monarchy; finally, it is hard to draw a conclusion, which clearly shows that the monarchy is better than democracy. On August 23, the Chou Anhui was formally established on Shifuma Street, with Yang Du as the chairman, Sun Yuyun as the vice chairman, and Yan Fu, Li Xiehe, Hu Ying, and Liu Shipei as directors.The notice to the members of Cian Anhui stated: "The purpose of this association was originally to study how the monarchy and the democratic state system are suitable for China, and only discuss the right and wrong of academic theory and the interests of facts. .” After the establishment of the Preparatory Committee, in addition to issuing a declaration, it also invited the generals, patrol envoys, and various groups to send representatives to Jinjing to discuss the issue of the national system.The whole country knew that this was a trick of the Yuan family's class. The officials followed suit, and in order to maintain their salary, they replied in favor of telegrams and agreed to send representatives to join the association.Soon, Hunan, Jilin, Anhui, Nanjing and other places successively organized branches; only the Guangdong branch was named Jisiwenyihui, which was formed by Liang Shiyi's faction and refused to attach itself to Yang and Sun. Although the Preparatory Committee informed its members: "The purpose of this committee was originally to study how the monarchy and the democratic state system are suitable for China, and only discuss the right and wrong of academic theory and the interests of facts. Other matters are not involved. "However, after the members filled out the membership form, they found that the Preparatory Security Association is not a research institution but an action organization. Its action is to "persuade people to join." When the Preparatory Committee distributed the voting papers to the representatives of each province and asked them to fill in "Junxian" or "Republic" on the paper, of course everyone unanimously filled in the "Junxian". The Chou Anhui has done a job similar to the Gallup poll in the United States today, but its public opinion is all fake. Although it is fake, it is a fake show. Declaration.This manifesto is divided into two parts: seeking cure and ordering chaos.The part of seeking governance is to "get rid of the false republic and implement the true monarchy and constitution"; the part of ordering chaos says: "Without a strong military force, it is impossible to be the head of state for a day. . . . Yiming, it is generally invalid. The so-called popular elections are actually military elections." The conclusion is that "the law to bring order out of chaos is to abolish democracy and establish a monarch; the law to seek governance is to abolish democratic rules and establish a constitutional monarchy." After the establishment of the Preparatory Security Council, it aroused opposition from all parties. In Yuan's view, these people were ignorant of current affairs.For example, the Suzheng Office petitioned to cancel the article of the Preparatory Anhui: "Since the establishment of the Preparatory Anhui, although the declaration is a study of academic theory, rumors have sprung up everywhere, and it is irresistible. Speaker, they sang this dissenting theory, sent letters and telegrams, and called on representatives from all provinces, military and political circles, and various factions to join the discussion. No wonder the people were surprised. Although the President sent someone to express an opinion in the Senate Acting Legislative Yuan, he made a categorical statement to maintain the republic It is the duty of the President, and he believes that it is inappropriate to change the state system in a hurry. However, the people's hearts are not at ease in the past because of it. I will cancel it to calm people's hearts" and so on. Yuan Shikai said to others: "After the outbreak of the European War, the international situation has changed, and the chaos in Mexico can be chilling... As the president, it is really difficult for me to study this; but scholars held meetings to discuss, according to the principle of freedom of speech, the government There is no way to interfere....I personally don't want to be an emperor, nor do I want to be a president for a long time. Research, if it does not disturb society, there is no need to interfere." After the establishment of the Preparatory Committee, the original plan was to organize representatives from all provinces to come to Beijing to petition the Senate, the acting Legislative Yuan, to change the state structure. Instead, people from various provinces in Beijing organized "citizen groups" to petition the Senate separately.All petitions are drafted by the Preparatory Committee. When the Senate met on September 1, representatives from the so-called Shandong, Jiangsu, Gansu, Yunnan, Guangxi, Hunan, Xinjiang, Suiyuan and other provinces submitted petitions one after another.It took less than 10 days from the establishment of the Preparatory Committee to the organization of the petition group. This scene is the most clumsy and naive of the political tricks played by Yuan in his life. On September 6, Yang Shiqi, Zuo Chan of the Yuan Pai Political Affairs Hall, attended the Senate Council, and on his behalf issued a declaration on changing the state system as follows: "This President has been entrusted by the people to occupy the position of the President of the Republic of China. It has been four years now! There are many worries, fears are deepening, self-defense is decaying, and the time is getting worse. I deeply hope that someone will succeed me, so I first accepted it; However, since he is in the current position, he has the responsibility of saving the country and the people, which cannot be shirked from beginning to end, and maintaining the republic system is especially the duty of the president. Recently, people from various provinces have petitioned the Acting Legislative Yuan to reform the state system. The current status of the President of the University seems to be incompatible. However, the current position of the President of the University is originally recommended by the people, so it should still be listened to by the people. Moreover, the Acting Legislative Yuan is an independent organ, so it is not subject to external constraints. The president should not advocate to the people, nor should he express it to the legislature. However, the reform of the state system has a great relationship with the administration. As the head of the administration, how dare the president be afraid of suspicion and keep silent! What the President sees. The reform of the national system has many latitudes and longitudes, and it should be extremely cautious. If you act hastily, it may hinder you. The President has the responsibility to maintain the overall situation and thinks it is out of date; To seek the public opinion of the majority of the people, there must be a proper law, and the Constitution of the Republic of China is being drafted. If we weigh the national conditions and discuss it in detail, there should be good rules to apply. Please pay attention to the gentlemen of the Acting Legislative Yuan!" This is a wonderful article that is half pushed and half done. Yuan clearly stated that if the people of the whole country insisted on welcoming him as emperor, he would have to obey the public opinion and not be inconvenient to oppose it. Although the establishment of the Preparatory Committee caused an uproar, this institution was originally an institution for the study of the national system, so apart from the debate on the national system, those who opposed it also followed the law and hoped that the government would disband the group. There was no other practical action .The most interesting thing is that Wang Kaiyun, Yang Du's teacher, resigned from the curator of national history and returned to his hometown in Hunan. Yang Du felt that his masterpiece would be a fly in the ointment without his teacher's support, so the following scene happened. On December 15, 4, Wang Kaiyun called from Hengzhou: "Grand President Junjian: The republic is sicker than tigers and wolves. The discipline is ruined and the country will perish. I heard that there are more than ten thousand people who have written to Fu Que to persuade them to advance. They say that there is a saying in Chinese: those who replace the Han will be on the way. Han is called the Han nationality. , when Tugao is the current head of state. It is also clear that there will be strange people returning from Chu, and Xiangcheng will be the old city of Chu. It should be in the public. Salary. Vow to make a quick decision, silently carry out the deep heart, don't shirk the diplomatic relations, don't be sentimental in biased opinions, don't follow the rules of ordinary people, don't lose the sincerity of the people's fate, let the rest of the year, see the opening day again, Kai Yun is very lucky! The world is very lucky! Kai Yun knocks. Delete." Yuan Jiri replied to the telegram and said: "Hengzhou Wang curator's lesson: delete the telegram. Compared with the people who dislike the republic, advocate the constitution of the monarch, and pay attention to the importance of state affairs. The thorn, the strict responsibility of the inner stern, encourages others to follow the invitation, and shoulders the overall situation with great strength. The spring ice is the tiger's tail, and it is used cautiously. When you want to grow old and have great expectations, express your good words in secret, and you can't catch them. Shikai. " None of the calls from other provinces received a reply from Yuan, only Wang Kaiyun got a call back, and the followers of power were astonished.In fact, it is said that this invitation to call is fake, because Wang Kaiyun is already 80 to 50 years old, and he will not be desperate for money.In fact, he was raped once by his favorite student Yang Du. The establishment of the Preparatory Committee was only two months old. At the beginning, it was vigorous and vigorous, and people who followed the trend scrambled to join it. After Liang Shiyi's petition union appeared, the momentum of the Preparatory Committee was greatly reduced, so it was renamed the Constitutional Political Consultative Conference, and a telegram was sent to announce the presidency. will end, electric cloud: "The establishment of the Preparatory Committee was originally to study whether the monarchy or the democratic state system is suitable for China. The current state system issue has yet to be decided by the National Congress. It is based on the national sentiment. The monarchy state system we hope should be able to win the majority of the people. I agree with you. However, we have previously declared that the country cannot be saved without a constitution, and the constitution cannot be established without a monarch. This is what we hope for. There must be a monarchy and a constitutional government. The country must be a monarch, and there must be a certain head of state; the government must be constitutional. There is a certain legal system. Without a certain head of state, how can we bring order out of chaos? Without a certain legal system, how can we achieve governance? Today, the solution to the state system is far away, and the study of the political system is getting more and more important. It is advisable to take this opportunity to discuss it, so as to solve the state system. Afterwards, constitutionalism came into being, and it was able to be completed quickly, and the state of the country should be settled. However, the constitutionalism is extremely complicated. It is appropriate to discuss the matter early and discuss it for the sake of the world. According to the consensus of the majority of members, it is decided to change the name of the Preparatory Committee to the Constitutional and Political Consultative Conference, and all the organizations and staff in this association, as well as representatives who participated in the discussion, will remain the same. It is hereby announced that the people of the state My friends, I am lucky to share the picture! The Constitution and Political Consultative Conference."