Chapter 44 Forty-three, Zhao Bingjun Zhang Guan Li Dai

When Lu Zhengxiang asked for leave, the Prime Minister of the Cabinet was represented by the Minister of Internal Affairs Zhao Bingjun.Zhao was independent in the Tang cabinet and the Lu cabinet. He did not participate in the state affairs meeting, and he directly asked Lao Yuan for instructions when he encountered problems.After the establishment of the Kuomintang, he was ordered by Yuan to accept Huang Xing's invitation to join the Kuomintang.Since Yuan sent Huang Xing a big favor and wanted to invite Huang's good friend Shen Bingkun to be the prime minister, Huang Xing reciprocated and recommended Zhao Bingjun to Yuan to form a cabinet. Because Zhao was Yuan's best friend and a member of the Kuomintang, he was naturally an ideal candidate for the transition period.

Since Zhao has already acted as the prime minister, Yuan Shikai should be able to get rid of him by acting as the prime minister.However, Huang Xing recommended Shen Bingkun to Yuan as the Chief of Internal Affairs to take over Zhao's vacancy, but this was not accepted by Yuan, because the Ministry of Internal Affairs had formed a very powerful organization in Zhao's era, with civil and police powers, and of course Yuan This major institution will not be handed over. On September 22, the first year of the Republic of China, Yuan Shikai proposed to the Provisional Senate to appoint Zhao Bingjun as the Prime Minister of the Cabinet, which was successfully passed by the Senate.Why did the Senate pass it smoothly?This is all because of Huang Xing's dredging and coordination.However, Yuan did not accept Huang's recommendation that Shen Bingkun be in charge of internal affairs, but instead appointed Shen as the supervisor of the Pukou shopping mall, and Yuan's best friend Zhu Qiqian was appointed as the chief of internal affairs.

When Zhao Bingjun formed a cabinet.Yuan let out the air and said: "Zhao Bingjun is a member of the Kuomintang, and the party cabinet advocated by the Kuomintang has been realized." In fact, this is a party cabinet with a crown. There are many strange and inexplicable things in the world. For example, Lu Zhengxiang organized the second cabinet of the Republic of China because he was good at diplomacy. However, during his tenure as the prime minister, there were no major diplomatic events that allowed him to show his skills. It is internal affairs.First, the Zhang Zhenwu case happened, then Sun and Huang entered Beijing, and the Big Four issued their political platforms. This series of major events made Lu Zhengxiang's corpse a vegetarian. Fortunately, he was admitted to the hospital due to illness, and he was ignored.As for Zhao Bingjun, when he organized the third cabinet of the Republic of China, Zhao had been in charge of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. From the Xuantong period of the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, he should be regarded as an expert in internal affairs. However, as soon as he came to power, the trouble was in diplomacy, and that was the sensational Cullen issue. .The "Russian library problem" occurred when Russia conspired to plunder Outer Mongolia.

Lu Zhengxiang had originally agreed to stay as the foreign affairs chief, but later changed his mind and resolutely refused. Therefore, in Zhao Bingjun's cabinet, Liang Ruhao was the foreign affairs chief, and Lu Zhengxiang was hired by Yuan Shikai as a senior diplomatic adviser to the presidential palace. After Zhao Bingjun's cabinet was established, a shocking news suddenly spread in the diplomatic corps, saying that the Chinese government had severed diplomatic relations with other countries.This is of course a rumor. Where did the rumor come from?It turned out to be this: when Liang Ruhao took over as foreign minister, he believed that according to the general practice of various countries, all envoys from various countries should go to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to congratulate them, so he issued a circular letter to the embassies of various countries, which briefly stated that the chief minister had been sent to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in a certain month. I hereby inform you that I will take over on a certain day, and I hope that your minister will come to the office at a certain time on a certain day in order to meet Yunyun.This notice caused twists and turns in the diplomatic corps, because the diplomatic corps had different views. Their explanation was: in the former Qing Dynasty, when ministers of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs arrived in office, they would pay homage to the embassy first, and then the envoys from various countries went to pay homage.The Minister of Foreign Affairs today is the Minister of Foreign Affairs in the former Qing Dynasty. According to this, it is advisable for the Minister of Foreign Affairs to visit first, and then the envoys of various countries can go to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.The opinion of the diplomatic corps is really wrong.In the former Qing Dynasty, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was the prime minister's office for national affairs, and the highest person in charge was Yikuang, who had been in charge for more than ten years. As for the minister below, he was actually an assistant official.When these ministers came to office, they really went to visit the embassies first, and then the envoys returned to pay homage.It is really inappropriate for the diplomatic corps to use this example to judge the foreign ministers of the Republic of China era.The envoys from various countries replied to Mr. Liang's letter of appointment and appointment very simply, saying: "I have received a letter from Mr. Gui to announce his succession, and I have heard everything about it."They didn't mention the appointment, didn't go to the appointment, and several countries didn't say a word, which is really hateful.Among them, only the French minister went to Liang's private banquet once.The envoys of various countries had nothing to do with the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Zhao Cabinet. Whenever there was an accident, the envoys of various countries would be negotiated by the counselor's attache and Deputy Foreign Minister Yan Huiqing.This is the real reason for the rumors that China and other countries have severed diplomatic relations.Liang Ruhao's head of foreign affairs has been sitting for more than a month, and there is nothing he can do diplomatically.On October 24, the first year of the Republic of China, a secret agreement with Russia and the Kurdish government suddenly occurred.After the Russian library secret agreement happened, Liang Ruhao was kept in the dark and knew nothing about it.You must know that diplomatic activities must focus on historical origins and relationships. In this regard, Liang is not only inferior to Lu Zhengxiang, but also his deputy Yan Huiqing. So when the Cullen issue arises, Liang is of course at a loss.

The occurrence of the Kulun issue was the peak of the former Russian Minister to China Kosowitz's visit to Kulun.Reuters telegraphed that the envoy Ke had delivered a formal letter of recognition to Kulun, and the head of the "Kulen" government Jebtsundamba Rinpoche and the Mongolian people gave Ke envoy a grand welcome.This telegram shocked the ruling and opposition parties in Beijing. Both the Presidential Palace and the State Council held emergency meetings.Because no one knows the actual content of the Russian-Mongolian collusion.The contacts between the Beijing government and Kulun are mostly indirect, and the Kulun Telegraph Bureau has been accepted.The Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs also took action by telegraphing the Chargé d’Affaires in Russia to inquire with the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Russia replied: “China has severed diplomatic relations with other countries, so we have no intention of answering.” Visit foreign envoys in Beijing.

A Chinese journalist in Beijing once visited the Russian embassy. The Russian embassy replied: "We haven't published an official communiqué yet, but we negotiated with China on the Mongolian issue six months ago, but the Chinese side didn't reply at all, as if disdainful." Negotiate with Russia. Now that China’s power cannot extend to Mongolia, Russia sent envoys to Kulun to directly contact the Mongolians for the convenience of negotiations, and at the same time conduct a comprehensive investigation on the Mongolian issue. Formal recognition is possible.” When the Russian special envoy to Kulun left, it was rumored that the Russian envoy had already gone to Kulun, so someone in the foreign ministry advocated protesting to the Russian side, asking why Kosowitz went to Kulun.Liang Ruhao objected to protesting, thinking that the real situation of the matter was not yet known, and it would be even more difficult for the Russians to tear their faces and admit it.Later, people said that the Russian-Turkish collusion was about to come out, Liang Nai submitted the protest to the State Council for discussion, but everyone also advocated a little delay.However, the Reuters telegram confirmed everything. Liang Ruhao went to Dongjiaomin Lane to visit the envoys of various countries. Since this was his first contact with envoys after taking office, this kind of official reception was naturally completely futile. On November 7, Lu Zhengxiang, the diplomatic adviser to the Presidential Office, personally went to visit the Russian embassy. The Russian envoy revealed that the Russian Treasury had indeed signed a contract, and Russia would recognize Mongolia's independence in the future.

Lu Zhengxiang confirmed that the Russian-Turkish collusion had taken place, which shocked the Beijing government.Only then did the Ministry of Foreign Affairs raise a formal protest, briefly stating that Mongolia is Chinese territory and has no right to sign any treaties with foreign countries. If there are any treaties, China will not recognize them.This kind of protest without the backing of action and strength is really scratching the surface, because Russia and its ministers had been notified as early as when Lu Zhengxiang was the Minister of Foreign Affairs. On the evening of November 8, the first year of the Republic of China, the Russian Minister to China Kupensky and his translator Alisofo went to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to meet with Chief Liang Ruhao. This sudden visit showed that there was an extraordinary accident.The Russian envoy said:

"I came to pay a visit to your chief minister under the order of the Russian government. The Russian government ordered me to hand over the conditions set by Kosowitz in Kulun and Jebtsundamba Rinpoche to your chief minister. Kosowitz's visit to Kulun this time has its own reasons. It is a last resort, because Russia has proposed to discuss the Mongolian issue with the Chinese government for more than a year, and your country has always refused to discuss with Russia. Russia has great business and other rights in Mongolia, so it has to be protected. Now Jebtsundan The Pakistani government is the de facto government of Outer Mongolia, so Russia must recognize the reality and conclude a treaty with this government. However, the text in the treaty is very cautious, never mentioning Mongolia’s independence and secession from China. I would like to express my sympathy and ratify that, unfortunately, if your country’s approval cannot be obtained, Russia must also maintain the theme of the treaty. This theme is nothing more than the three points proposed to your country many times in the past, that is, China shall not colonize, garrison, or send troops to Outer Mongolia. official."

After the Russian envoy finished speaking, Chief Liang Ruhao responded. Liang said: "I am deeply shocked and regretful to hear the words of your envoy. Outer Mongolia is a part of China, and absolutely has no right to conclude treaties with foreign countries. China and Russia have always had good relations. Russia's private agreement with Outer Mongolia this time, in China's view It is really not a friendly move. The Chinese government hopes that all countries in the world will be extraordinarily peaceful in their negotiations when the Republic of China was just established. They should not take advantage of China's troubled times to show plunder and take advantage of others. Outer Mongolia is a part of China. Any plans in Outer Mongolia are China's internal affairs, and the Chinese government will deal with them. Intervention by a third country is not a friendly action. According to the information we have obtained, the independence of Outer Mongolia this time was really instigated and conspired by someone. Your country At this time, we should avoid suspicion and avoid being the enemy of the Chinese people. Your envoy Yun and Russia have signed a treaty with Kulun, which is really inappropriate and contrary to international morality. The Ministry issued a formal note yesterday, and now I will Let me tell you that Outer Mongolia is Chinese territory, and China will not recognize any treaty signed between its puppet regime and any foreign country. As for the Russian-Kurkish treaty sent by your envoy today, we need to study it before we can express the attitude of the Chinese government. "

The Russian envoy replied: "The envoy will telegraph all the points that your chief minister said to the government of his country." After the Russian envoy handed over all the Russian manuscripts of the "Russian-Korean Treaty" to Chief Liang, he resigned immediately.The Ministry of Foreign Affairs began to translate all of them into Chinese the next day, and the Chinese government finally learned the full text of the treaty signed by Russia and Turkey. However, at this time, the "Suncheon Times" run by the Japanese in Beijing had already published the full text outside its account.Since the Russian envoy had notified the treaty text to the ministers of various countries stationed in Beijing one day earlier, the "Suncheon Times" was of course obtained in the Japanese embassy.The slowness of the Chinese government's diplomatic activities at that time can be seen from this, and it is really painful.

The Russians took advantage of the Chinese Revolution to conspire in Outer Mongolia, which was mutually agreed by Japan and the United Kingdom. The British wanted to devour Tibet, while Japan planned to devour North Manchuria. So Russia and Mongolia colluded and the big powers sat back and watched.In the last years of Xuantong in the Qing Dynasty, it was too late to deal with the revolution, the Republic of China was established, and the government had not yet been consolidated. Russia's move was completely at risk.Therefore, the Russians have plausibly said that they have repeatedly asked to negotiate with China on the Mongolian issue, but China has ignored them. In fact, it is not that China has ignored them. Russia asked China to discuss the Mongolian issue. There were three principles: first, China should not use troops in Mongolia; second, China should not change Mongolia into a province; third, China should not emigrate to Mongolia.If China agrees to these three principles, Russia is willing to be responsible for urging Mongolia to cancel its independence.Naturally, China cannot agree to such a basis for negotiations, so the Chinese government has no choice but to pretend to be deaf and dumb and ignore it. After the Cullen problem occurred, the Presidential Palace held a meeting, the State Council held a meeting, the Presidential Palace and the State Council held a joint meeting, and the Presidential Palace held a senior military officer senior advisory meeting. The conclusion is that neither war nor peace is possible! The Beijing-China peace war has not yet been decided, and there is no specific opinion to reply to the Russian side, but the news of Kullen is coming in one after another.It is said that Kulun has formed a government, the head of state is Jebtsundamba Living Buddha, the prime minister of the cabinet is Songyan Guanghan, and he is also the minister of the Ministry of Finance, the minister of the Ministry of Internal Affairs is Que Lunqimi, the minister of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is Hang Da, and the minister of the Ministry of Industry is Tu Shigong, the Secretary of the Ministry of Army is the Dalai Lama, and the Secretary of the Ministry of Punishment is Namsas.It is also said that since the signing of the treaty with Jebtsundamba, the Russians have successively sent more troops to Inner and Inner Mongolia. The 2,400-mile power line between Zhangjiakou and Kyakhta has been occupied by Russia and the Kurdish side. The situation in the area is completely unknown. Liang Ruhao went to Tianjin without asking for leave on the third day after he officially notified Russia that the treaty had been signed.At a time when the diplomatic situation is extremely urgent, the Minister of Foreign Affairs behaved like this, all parties were outraged, and the House of Representatives attacked You Lie.Liang was in Tianjin because he did not dare to return to Beijing, so he wrote to resign.The Beijing authorities also felt that Liang was not qualified to be the chief of foreign affairs, so Yuan Shikai invited Lu Zhengxiang to be Feng's wife again and return to the post of chief of foreign affairs. Lu Yi readily accepted without shirking.When Lu Zhengxiang's succession as foreign minister was submitted to the Senate, it was passed unanimously.At this time, Lu Zhengxiang felt that "it is as good as the common people not to leave the mountain". The senate has completely forgotten the embarrassing scene of rejecting the members of the Lu cabinet three months ago. After Lu Zhengxiang was re-elected as foreign minister, he telegraphed to the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, announcing his re-appointment as foreign minister, and hoped that the two sides would start to discuss related issues between the two countries on the basis of good-neighborliness, friendship and mutual respect.The Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs immediately replied, saying that the friendship between the two countries has always been good. Although the Mongolian issue has recently occurred, the matter is very small and it is not difficult to negotiate and resolve it in a friendly atmosphere.Lu Zhengxiang went to the Russian embassy in person to request the start of negotiations. At the same time, he telegraphed the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, saying that since the Russian government is willing to resume negotiations in a friendly atmosphere, it is hoped that Russia will first cancel the "Russia-Kursk Treaty."Russia did not respond to this. As a former prime minister, Lu Zhengxiang resolutely downgraded to become foreign minister when the diplomatic situation was urgent. In the eyes of ordinary people, he suddenly became a respectable and praiseworthy politician. Let's talk about the diplomatic situation.Lu is completely Westernized. He wrote the following letter to the reporters of various newspapers: "...Xiang, with a frail body, relived the drama. He met with the diplomatic corps and went to the state affairs meeting every day. There was almost no time to talk calmly. My wife plans to receive guests at the apartment at five o'clock on Sunday. If Thank you for your patronage, please come here, this is what I look forward to. This is a tribute to Taiwan, and Lu Zhengxiang said." Such a date letter is really special in the half-new and half-old society in Beijing more than 50 years ago.It turned out that Lu Zhengxiang's wife was French, and she was a well-known "flower in the diplomatic circle".On a date day, Mrs. Lu was sitting on a carved nanmu chair in the middle of the living room. Mr. Lu introduced the guests to her, and she greeted them in pure Parisian.Then the reporters surrounded Lu Zhengxiang and talked about the diplomatic situation.Lu said that he had met with the Russian envoy four times since he took office, and was discussing the withdrawal of troops from both sides, but no progress was made in other negotiations.French Minister Conti came forward to mediate in his personal capacity. As for the international situation, due to the urgent situation in the Balkans, everyone focused on Europe and paid little attention to the Sino-Russian dispute. Lu Zhengxiang said that he had negotiated with the Russian envoy four times. According to news reporters, the situation of the four negotiations was as follows: the first time was that Lu Zhengxiang asked Russia to cancel the Russia-Mongolia Treaty, and the Russian envoy asked China to recognize the Russia-Mongolia Treaty; the second time was The Russian envoy said that Russia already has real power in Mongolia, and there is no need for China to recognize it. However, Russia respects friendship so it negotiated with China; the third time was Lu Zhengxiang’s statement that Sino-Russian negotiations must be based on not compromising China’s territorial rights and sovereignty For the scope, the Russian envoy said that China recognizes the autonomy of Mongolia, and Russia is willing to recognize China's territorial rights; the fourth time was that the Russian envoy said that China had entered the city of Kobu according to the call from the consul of Khobdo, so the two sides decided to negotiate how to withdraw their troops.