Chapter 32 Thirty-one, the morale of the army is shaken

After the revolutionary movement in the north flourished, the threat to the Qing court was already great, but the greater threat came from the military, whose morale was unstable, and the generals who commanded the army also expressed their opinion of advocating a constitutional monarchy. This was a serious blow , imposed on the precarious Qing court. On January 22, Duan Qirui, governor of Huguang, sent a telegram to the Qing cabinet, the military counselor's office, and the Ministry of the Army, reporting that most of the ministries had colluded with the revolutionary party, and that the republican idea was unstoppable, and there was no confidence to maintain it for a long time.Electric cloud:

"Last night, the staff of the four towns suddenly sent a telegram saying that Shi Tong led the cloud: the second battalion was very noisy, please transfer it to the rear immediately to avoid accidents. The first and third battalions also have troubles and other words. Chen Tongzhi came this morning, please come immediately There is an urgent need to transfer. Ask him why, but he hesitates. Seeing that he is in a hurry, Rui should transfer the standard to Lijiazhai, and send personnel to secretly visit the situation. It is said that the target soldier has colluded with the revolutionary army , about to rebel tonight, and the four towns also have the same. I heard about the republican thought, and the generals are quite vigorous recently. I believe it when I conquer today's events. But Rui's responsibility lies in the only way to maintain it. , I don’t know if it will last? But the nineteenth mark is gone again, the strength is weak, and the enemy is like a ring attack, but I have to do my best, and the success or failure is unpredictable! Qirui. Song.”

On January 23, Duan Qirui called the Qing cabinet again, with the hearts of the people and the army tending towards republicanism.Wen said: "Respectfully read the decree on the ninth day of last month, and the government was put to a referendum. Given the current trend of the people, why wait to know, I can't help crying for a long time. Recently, the generals have come to say from time to time that the people's progress must be republican; If everything is deficient and defenseless, defeat is inevitable. If you return a little later, the east, Anhui, and Henan will never end. That is, the honor of the royal family will inevitably be reduced because of it. Dividing up disasters will be expected. My life is not enough. Unfortunately, why are you going to treat the royal family? How are you going to treat the world? I have been familiar with the generals from all walks of life. How aggrieved and asked to act on behalf of them, the generals from all walks of life also came to join forces, and if they were suppressed, they would riot immediately, and if they were perfunctory, they would be completely defeated. The nineteenth standard defected a few times yesterday, and it was reported by telegram. It is intended to be a joint title, and Chen please play it."

On January 26, the Qing cabinet telegraphed Duan Qirui and others in the names of Xu Shichang, Yuan Shikai, Feng Guozhang, and Wang Shizhen not to act rashly.Wen said: "Loyalty to the emperor and patriotism, the great righteousness of the world: obedience to orders, the way of a soldier; if morality does not exist, order will be chaotic. If you are not captured by the southern army, you will be threatened by the rebellious army. The benefits and harms are obvious. Don't be mistaken. Our generation has a long history, Don’t dare to give advice. I hope you will earnestly persuade me, and don’t act rashly. For the first level, you can’t send it out, and you can’t deliver it on your behalf. I hope you will ask the generals to think twice. Weep and weep. Chang, Kai, Zhang, Zhen.”

On the same day, led by Duan Qirui, the generals of the Qing army jointly called the Qing cabinet, the Military Advisory Office, the Ministry of the Army, and other princes and ministers: Please immediately act on behalf of the Qing court and issue an edict to announce the establishment of a republic at home and abroad.The telegram said: "In order to express our interests, I implore the establishment of a republican regime to consolidate the throne and lay the foundation for the overall situation. Please act on your behalf: Since the truce, it has been two months since the peace was negotiated. It is rumored that the court has learned from public opinion and has decided to change the republican regime. The royal family respects The various conditions of livelihood and authority of Rong, Manchu and Mongolian: the emperor of the Qing Dynasty will never be abolished; All restrictions: Manchu, Mongolian, Hui, Tibetan and Han people are all equal; Kings and princes are still the same; all original private properties are protected. People's Army representative Wu Tingfang recognized it, listed it in official documents, and submitted it to the Hague International Peace Council for filing Yun Yun. Haiyu heard the wind, led the people of the land, and did not celebrate with his hands. He thought that the timing would be smooth, and the throne would be preserved forever. Auxiliary State Duke Zaize, Prince Gong Puwei and other relatives and nobles lived in the house, and the matter was frustrated, and the political system still awaited a referendum by the Congress. Qirui and others should repair their war preparations and wait for the completion of the new policy. Since the incident, they have made numerous decrees , Everyone cares about people's livelihood, but the country's welfare is the pursuit, but the loss of life is the fear. Not only promulgated the Nineteen Creed Constitution, sworn to the temple, but also allowed the convening of the National Assembly, and the government voted for a referendum. It can be seen that the people are the foundation of the country. It is not difficult for Zhengmin to see what the people listen to, and it is not difficult to surrender. Since the ceasefire has been repeated, the militia army still persists. Worrying, the world is corrupt, there will be no fixed land, and the disaster of dividing up is imminent. That is to say, within two months of the truce, the militia raised troops and increased their troops, and they spread all over the country. Our army has no backup, and its strength is too weak. Taking into account the number of routes, the situation is lonely and dangerous; he is colluding with bandits everywhere, donating salaries, instigating everywhere, spreading temptation. And in Yantai in Shandong, Ying and Shoujing in Anhui, south of Xuzhou in Jiangbei, and Guangzhou in Henan , Shangcheng, Gushi, Yicheng, Xiangfan, Zaoyang and other places in Hubei have all divided up our troops to advance, and we are all trapped in a corner, unable to do anything. , although Qirui and other officials are self-motivated, they dare to protect themselves from life to death. However, the source of salary is scarce, the spirit of the army is shaken, the trend of the general trend, and the heart is not firm. Suiqing, at that time, the royal family's honor and suzerainty's livelihood must be difficult to find satisfaction; that is, the separation of the north and the south is reluctantly supported, but based on the theory of people's hearts, there will be turmoil in the northwest and internal collapse; Qirui and others have no way to govern the army, so what's the pity if they die? They sacrifice their lives for self-efficacy, but die for the foolish and loyal, and the kingdom will fall forever. How long will it be to repent?! After the National Assembly, the referendum is not yet known what type of government it is, but silently observing the trend of people's hearts, it may still be on the road to a republic. , to show the world to the highest public, to make the ethics of eating hair and practicing the soil, singing and dancing sages, zero tears of gratitude, it is said that Tang and Yu Zhizhi, the present and the ancients are the same, isn't it also great?! Qirui and others have received the country's kindness, why dare not take the overall situation? Why? So dare to compare interests, risk your life to make a statement, and implore Yuhan Dahao to issue an edict, declare China and foreign countries, establish a republican government, and use the current cabinet and ministers of state to temporarily represent the government. matter , and then convene the National Assembly, organize a republican government, serve the people of China and foreign countries, and restore the new, in order to lay a solid foundation for the people, quickly restore the local order, and then revive the hearts of the people and strive for self-improvement. The future of China is very fortunate!Can't wait to wait!I kindly ask you to play on behalf of me. "

This telegram can be said to be the urging talisman of the Qing court to surrender the country. It was written by Xu Shuzheng, and Duan Qirui notified the generals to agree to the list.At first, there were 42 people, and later increased to 47 people, which was the list when the telegram was published.On February 2, when Wu Tingfang got Tang Shaoyi's message to Duan Qirui to call back, Wang Huaiqing was added, and Zhang Huaizhi and Xu Bangjie were also notified to call back to agree, so the number was 50. The list of 50 generals of the Qing army who advocated the republic, according to Wu Tingfang's telegram on February 2:

"Mr. Tang Shaoyi called Duan Juntong to jointly approve the names of the generals of the Republic. I have to reply and list the names on the left: Acting Governor of Huguang, President of the First Army: Duan Qirui. Admiral of Gubeikou, President of Yijun: Jiang Guiti. Acting Governor of Liangjiang, Admiral of the Yangtze River: Zhang Xun. Governor of Chahar, Army Commander: He Zonglian. Deputy Governor: Duan Zhigui. Henan Chief Envoy and Deputy Military Affairs Officer: Ni Sichong. Army Commander: Wang Zhanyuan, Chen Guangyuan, Li Chun, Cao Kun, Wu Dingyuan, Pan Qu Kan, Meng Enyuan. General soldiers: Gao Jinxu, Xie Baosheng, Wang Huaiqing. Counselors: Le Yunpeng, Wu Guangxin, Zeng Yujun, Tao Yunhe. Counselors: Xu Shuzheng. Artillery co-leader: Jiang Tinggan. Army commanders: Zhu Panzao, Wang Jinjing, Bao Guiqing, Lu Yongxiang . Juntu, Zhou Deqi, Liu Hongshun, Chai Degui. Assisting Tianjin Defense: Zhang Huaizhi, Zhengding Town Xu Bangjie also agreed, but the reply was late, so it is not listed. I am sending it here."

Wu Tingfang's telegram included a list of 50 generals.Except for Wang Huaiqing, Zhang Huaizhi, and Xu Bangjie, who were added to the series, and Wang Zhanyuan, He Zonglian, Zhang Shiyu, Jiang Guiti, and Ni Sichong, who came back to Duan Qirui's telegram later, they are the first 42 people listed.One of the famous generals listed was missing Feng Guozhang. Feng was not included in the telegram because after the capture of Hanyang, the Qing court named him a second-class baron, and he had just become the commander of the imperial guards. The assassination of Liangbi and Duan Qirui and other famous generals' joint telegrams took place on the same day, which shocked the Qing court greatly: on the one hand, it showed that the revolutionaries were full of party members inside and outside the imperial city of Beijing, and could do whatever they wanted; on the other hand, they held military power The generals of the Beiyang Army have already sounded the death knell to the Qing court and played mourning music.Therefore, the princes and princes of the Qing court were frightened out of their wits, and they were in danger.So they swept through Xiruan one after another, and took refuge with their wives and concubines to the concessions of Tianjin, Qingdao, and Dalian to shelter foreigners.Those who could not leave asked Yuan Shikai to send troops to protect them.

When the Empress Dowager Longyu convened the imperial meeting on January 27, there were only a few princes and princes present, and only Zhao Bingjun, who represented Yuan Shikai, arrived at the right time.Longyu cried to Zhao and said, "Zhao Bingjun, hurry up and tell Yuan Shikai that everything is negotiable, and the life of my mother and child is the most important thing." It turned out that since Yuan Shikai was assassinated on January 16, he said that he was ill and could not enter the court, so he sent Minister of Civil Affairs Zhao Bingjun to attend the imperial meeting on his behalf. On the 19th, Zhao proposed a method at the imperial meeting, calling for the abolition of the northern and southern governments at the same time, forming another interim government and giving preferential treatment to the Qing royal family.At that time, the princes and princes of the Qing Dynasty were silent, but the young relatives were firmly opposed, especially Liang Bi.On this day, Zhao Bingjun stood up and said loudly: "We have a meeting today, and we will also have a meeting tomorrow. After all the discussions, we can't come up with a reason. Since the imperial meeting can't make a decision, the cabinet has no choice but to resign." He finished speaking He was so angry that he ran out with an angry face.Hu Weide, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and Liang Shiyi, Minister of Post and Communications, also withdrew from the meeting, and Longyu's face changed color in fright.

Zhao Bingjun is a man of unknown origin, he is a strange character under Yuan Shikai, at this time he is playing the role of Hua Xin, whose mission is to force the palace.His surname is Zhao, and Zhao is the first surname among hundreds of surnames. His name is Bingjun, which means that one person is under one person and above ten thousand people. , is the first time at the beginning of the year, everything is the first.Readers, please think about it, is there really such a coincidence in the world that everything is number one?In fact, where was he born?What are the last names of the parents?When was it born?He didn't know it, and no one knew it. When he knew himself, he was working as a book boy in a wealthy household in Linru County, Henan Province.Because he is clever and good at ingenuity, he later climbed to the history of the classics. From the history of the classics, he learned from the history, from the same knowledge to the Daotai, from the Daotai to the Patrol Road, from the Patrol Road to the Minister of Civil Affairs, the Minister, all the way up, the official career Hengtong became the head of Yuan Shikai's spy department. The Beiyang soldiers at that time called him Big Brother Zhao but not his name.He called himself Zhi'an, and he seemed to think that he was Yuan's great think tank.Brother Zhao's "Forcing the Palace" has been sung for many days. On the second day after Liangbi was assassinated and the Beiyang Army was powered on, Zhao saw the Queen Mother Longyu crying at the imperial meeting, and Brother Zhao couldn't help but burst into tears.After the imperial court, important officials from the Gyeonggi Battalion Office Lei Chaoyan (Zhenchun) and Lu Langzhai (Jianzhang) went up to ask for news. Lei asked, "Brother, how is the performance today?" Zhao Lianlian shook his head and said: "Sad, sad, this kind of drama is not sung by humans!"

The Qing court saw that the hearts of the people and the army had changed drastically, and Yuan Shikai did not show up, and Zhao Bingjun kept forcing the palace. Therefore, he repeatedly urged Yuan Shikai to dismiss the fake affairs. On January 29, Yuan Zai refused to enter the court due to illness. "I have been suffering from a heartbeat, fever, and pain in my left leg for a long time. I have no time to rest and recuperate. I haven't recovered yet. Because of the rumors and erroneous rumors recently, I dare not ask for a further leave. I try to support and calm people's hearts. Recently, I heard that the army's heart is getting more and more shaken. , extremely anxious, sleepless all night, heartbeat increased, dizziness was worse, and leg pain moved to the waist, and walking was particularly inconvenient. It is still difficult to drive and knock on the palace gate today. I sincerely show my kindness and give you two holidays. Three days, to recuperate with funds. All the subordinates have asked the Minister of State Hu Weide to act on his behalf. As far as the army is in favor of the republic, it is actually due to the instigation of the Hubei party members. The minister has repeatedly sent telegrams to explain and persuade, so as not to rush to the revolutionary army. United. The recent discussion on the state system has been discussed by the royal family for many days. When there is a decision method, please ask for a decision. Ministers are in charge of administration and obey the imperial order. Now Zunzhi and Wu Tingfang are still discussing alternative methods for the national system referendum. The truce expires today Yesterday, Wu Tingfang made excuses for the delay in his speech, but there was no break with Xuzhou and Yingzhou, and both Xuzhou and Yingzhou have already started fighting. The minister is short of talent, has no status in his job, and treats crimes with fear. I would like to play." After receiving the telegram from Duan Qirui and other front-line generals, the Qing court sent the telegram back to the cabinet in order to calm down and appease the generals. It is not enough to show prudence unless it is paid by the national referendum." In fact, the Empress Dowager Longyu had resolutely paid Yuan at this time to decide the big plan. The edict of the emperor's abdication has not yet been promulgated. On February 4th of the first year of the Republic of China, Duan Qirui, Wang Zhanyuan, He Fenglin, Li Chun, Wang Jinzhu, Bao Guiqing, Li Houji, Ma Jizeng, and Zhou Fulin sent a second telegram to force them to retreat, speaking to a few princes, and the wording was changed. He was fierce, and threatened to lead the whole army northward.The telegram said: "The princes of the near branch, the princes of Mongolia, and the ministers of the ministries and ministries Junjian: The republic was originally established so that the king was better than Yao and Shun, and the people were saved from fire and water. It was because two or three princes repeatedly obstructed that the decree was not issued, and the people were trapped. Now the overall situation Dangerous, besieged on all sides, Yingzhou fell to the Revolutionary Army, Xuzhou was defeated by a small victory; the Revolutionary Ship landed from Fengtian neutrally, and the Japanese allowed it; In Beijing and Tianjin, there are many assassination parties. If you neglect precautions, catastrophe will happen. It is the nine temples and two palaces that are in danger. This is the fault of two or three princes. In the past three years, the royal family has corrupted the overall situation, and the crime is hard to bear. Facts have been made to this day, and the empress dowager and the emperor want a code of prosperity and honor. Forty million people want a way of life but have not been granted. If the ancestors know it, can it be painless? The poor soldiers of the common people died of cold and starvation, tens of thousands of people a day? Rui and others can't bear the scum in the universe, how dare they sit idly by and take advantage of the danger and not save them? I would like to lead the whole army into Beijing, and express my interests to the princes. Learn from it. Weeping and boarding the car, ignoring the dead and going up, all the generations played." On February 6, when Yuan Shikai summoned the princes and ministers and handed over the telegram to them, all the relatives and dignitaries looked at each other and turned pale. They were at a loss and trembling. If Duan Bing really went north, he would lose all the preferential treatment.So at this meeting, it was planned to agree to the long-distance call of the republic. During this period, revolutionaries in the north still insisted on carrying out revolutionary actions in the north, and opposed using Yuan Shikai to overthrow the Qing court. On the evening of February 6, some comrades from Beijing called Tianjin to report that the Qing government had decided to abdicate on February 10.This news made the revolutionary comrades in Tianjin very disappointed. They believed that the peace bought by compromise was a hypocritical peace. If Yuan Shikai was not eliminated, the democratic republic system would not be guaranteed for a day. In the early morning of February 7, Yi Xuan and Ruan Qinfeng, members of the Northern Revolutionary Association, refused to accept the dissuasion of their comrades and traveled from Tianjin to Tangshan, intending to go to Jinzhou for the final struggle. Unfortunately, when they arrived in Tangshan, their traces were exposed. They shot, they shot each other, and these heroes died heroically. In order to suppress revolutionary activities in the north, Yuan gave Wang Zhaoming 200,000 yuan after the Qing Dynasty announced his abdication, and told him to go to Tianjin to disband all revolutionary organizations.Wang went to Tianjin on February 21, and convened a joint meeting of the northern party groups in the Beiyang Medical School, announcing that all small parties would be disbanded.Members of all parties, except the League, will be repatriated.This measure aroused the public indignation of various parties and groups. Some people carried out the coffins of the seven martyrs who died in Luanzhou and displayed them at Tianjin Station to oppose Wang.