Chapter 25 24. The Provinces Respond to the Revolution

Hunan is a province where revolutionary explosives are buried everywhere.In the first year of Xuantong (1909), there was a flood in Hunan Province, and the price of grain soared. A widow outside the south gate of Changsha was short of a few pennies to buy rice.Out of righteous indignation, the local people mobilized to destroy the rice store, which expanded into a province-wide wave of rice grabbing.In the third year of Xuantong (1911), there was another big wave of protecting roads and saving the country, which made the revolutionary atmosphere in Hunan extremely excited.At that time, the Hunan New Army had only one mixed brigade, with a total of 4,000 officers and soldiers, and the old army and patrol battalion had more than 13,000 people. Seeing this situation, Hunan Governor Yu Chengge planned to use the old army to contain the new army, and urged the local authorities to Huang Zhihao, a gentleman with both civil and military resources, came to serve as the commander of the Hunan Provincial Patrol Battalion.Huang Zizesheng, a native of Qianyang, Hunan Province, did not study hard when he was young. The teacher scolded him and said: "You lazy bastard, if you have a future, you can dig out my eyeballs."After being insulted this time, he studied angrily. Later, he became a man of all talents in civil and military affairs.When Yu Chengge invited him, he knelt on the ground, and the common people felt sorry for him if he didn't come out of the mountain.He reluctantly accepted it.It's a pity that the Hunan New Army had no time to train and dispatch, and the guns of the Wuchang Uprising sounded, on the 12th day after the Wuchang Uprising.On the first day of September, the Changsha Revolutionary Party set fire to Jia Taichuan Temple in Daximen Main Street, and the new army stationed outside Xiaowumen rushed into the city and went straight to the governor's office.When Yu Futai heard about the mutiny, he immediately ran out to bow to the revolutionary army and saluted again. Yu said: "You are very much in favor of the revolutionary brothers."The revolutionary army was very happy to hear this, but one of the soldiers pointed to Huang Zhonghao and said, "This man is a traitor."Yu Futai quickly explained: "Huang Junmen is a good man, please don't make things difficult for him." Before he finished speaking, the revolutionary army dragged Huang to the wall of Xiaowumen City and chopped him to death with a saber.

Yu Chengge sneaked to Yandao Yamen when everyone was not paying attention, and escaped in disguise with his father and relative Wang Daotai.Wang Yujiang of Bingbei Dao, Zeng Shou of Quanye Dao Wang, and Shen Ying, the magistrate of Changsha, who were too late to escape, were all executed by the revolutionary army.Later, it was learned that Zeng Shou, the Taoist king of Quanye, had already fled, and his relative Sun Zheshou guarded the gate on his behalf, so he was killed.The new army has all become the backbone of the revolutionary army, but Yang Jin, a native of Yunnan who was in charge of the new army, also escaped.

The revolutionary army elected Jiao Dafeng, a member of the Gongjin Association, as the governor of the Hunan military government.Jiao Dafeng, named Dapeng, styled Jusun, was born in Liuyang, Hunan Province. He was 19 years old. He traveled east to Japan and joined the Tongmenghui.Chen Zuoxin from Shaoyang was the deputy governor.The new army swallowed up the old army, so the Hunan Revolutionary Army suddenly became an army of 50,000, organized into five divisions, the division commanders were: Yu Lianyi, Zhao Chunting, Zeng Jiwu, Wang Longzhong, and Mei Xin.On the 10th day of September, Mei Xin instigated some soldiers to attack the governor's mansion. Dudu Jiao, wearing a long-handled Japanese command knife and a pair of long shoes, ran out to speak to the rebels, but was shot and killed by the rebels.Prior to this, Deputy Governor Chen rode a horse to Fengyang Fire Factory outside the North Gate to suppress the rebels. He was also killed by the rebels near the Guandi Temple on the ancient suspension bridge outside the city.The post of Governor of Hunan was succeeded by Tan Yankai, the former chairman of the Senate, elected by the Hunan Consultative Bureau.

Tan Yankai was born in Chaling, Hunan. His father, Tan Zhonglin, was the governor of Shaanxi, Gansu and Guangdong. He was a concubine.Tan Zhonglin hired Huang Fengqi (named Miaozhou, nicknamed Fangjiu), an old scholar in Anhua County, as his teacher.This Huang Daru is not only good at writing, but also good at martial arts. He can chop down a square brick more than four feet high with one hand, and each brick will be split in half, just like cutting tofu with a knife.He taught Tan Yankai a lot of skills, and Tan learned horse riding and target shooting from Ghoshha.Although Tan Shentong has great skills, he is a literati and does not understand military science. Therefore, after he became the governor, the arrogant Hunan generals did not pay attention to him, and secretly nicknamed him "Grandma Tan". ".Just like the Hubei people call Li Yuanhong the "clay Bodhisattva".When Jiao and Chen were assassinated and everyone pushed Tan away, eight sergeants carried a car to Tan's mansion to meet the new governor. Tan repeatedly asked to resign. Tan Li put it on the table, and Tan Nai accepted the seal and took office.

In order to show that he was a military and civil governor, Tan stipulated that every morning, he would run a horse race on the square of the Hunan Provincial Education Association. All staff officers, adjutants, and officers above the company commander of the guard battalion must participate.Tan Dudu took the lead with a horse. At the beginning, there were more than ten horses running around the square in high spirits. But after twenty or thirty laps, some people and horses gradually withdrew until there was only one black and fat man left. Being able to run more than 50 circles in one breath, this person is none other than the "Grandma Tan" who once won the Huiyuan.Tan once again showed his skills, when Guangxi declared independence in September, and Wang Zhixiang led Zhao Hengti's brigade northward, passing through Changsha.Hunan general Jiumu Wang is good at shooting, so he invited Wang to the Xiaonanmen school grounds to perform target shooting.Wang Yi shot ten shots in a row, seven of which hit the red heart. More than 10,000 people who watched the skill applauded unanimously.At this moment, Tan took Wang's gun slowly, and fired ten shots in a row. Only then did everyone know that the governor had the unique skill of piercing Yang with a hundred steps.

The deaths of Jiao Dafeng and Chen Zuoxin show that the local forces in Hunan are not in harmony with pure revolutionaries.Jiao is young, only 26 years old when he was the governor.After the Hunan Uprising succeeded, Tan Renfeng and Juzheng asked Li Yuanhong to help with weapons, and Li immediately sent 3,000 guns, and Liu Zuolong, the battalion commander of the guard, sent Tan Renfeng to Changsha.Tan Renfeng saw that Jiao Dafeng's order could not be implemented in Changsha, and the gentry of the Hunan Consultative Bureau controlled the Hunan government, so he suggested dissolving the deliberative organs and concentrating power on the governor. Xie ordered Wang Longzhong to lead the first to assist Hubei, and the first to be stationed in Yuezhou as a reserve team. They didn't care about their own safety, so they changed and were killed.

It was most appropriate for Tan to serve as the governor of Hunan at that time, because he was popular and popular.For example, at that time, Zhang Qizhen, the patrol commander of the South Road, was a scholar who knew soldiers well, and his department also had discipline. He planned to join forces with Huang Dai, Huang Zhonghao's former department, to attack Changsha. When people meet, they are as happy as ever. After the success of the two lakes (Hunan and Hubei) uprisings, the following responded successively: Shaanxi party members Jing Meijiu and Jing Wumu advocated revolution, and the new army was greatly affected. They launched on the first day of September in the year of 1911 and occupied Xi'an.On the third day of the new year, the troops were divided according to Weinan, Lintong and other counties. Zhang Fenggui, who had graduated from the Japanese Non-commissioned Officer Academy and later served as a supervisor in the New Army, was elected as the commander of the militia, and Zhang Yiqian was the deputy commander of the militia.

On the second day of September of the Xinhai Year, the new army in Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province revolted and announced its separation from the Qing government. Ma Yubao, the new army standard commander, was elected as the governor and occupied the Madang Fortress in Hukou.When the news spread to Nanchang, all circles of gentry, academics and businessmen united with Wu Jiezhang, the commander of the New Army Association, to revolt. Independence was declared on the tenth day of the lunar new year, and Wu Jiezhang was elected as the governor of the Jiangxi Army.Soon Wu was overthrown by Zhou Enhao, and Peng Chengwan was replaced as the governor of the Jiangxi Army.Ma Yubao of Jiujiang took advantage of the civil strife in Nanchang and led troops to Nanchang to seize the seal of commander. Zhu Hantao was the commander of Jiujiang.Because of Zhu's incompetence, members of the Tongmenghui instigated the army to kill Zhu Hantao, replaced Chen Tingxun as the commander of the Jiujiang Army, and sent Ouyang Wu to lead troops into the province to drive away Ma Yubao.

Lu Zhongqi, the governor of Shanxi, heard of the independence of Shaanxi, fearing that the revolutionary army would attack, so he sent a new army to occupy Tongguan.On the evening of the 7th day of September, after the new army received the ammunition, Yao Weifan, a member of the Tongmenghui (serving as the staff officer of the new army), instigated the army to revolt in response to the revolution.On the morning of the eighth day of the lunar new year, the new army swarmed into the city, and Lu Zhongqi's family was killed. Yan Xishan (a Japanese non-commissioned officer student) was elected as the governor of the military government.

On the tenth day of September, Yunnan declared its independence.At that time, Yunnan was a national defense area, so there were more troops stationed than in other provinces and regions. There was a town in the 19th town of the New Army, which was controlled by Zhong Lin. The General Councilor is Jin Yunpeng.Li Jingxi, the governor of Yunnan, appreciated Cai E the most. Cai Nai recommended Luo Peijin, a non-commissioned officer student, as the seventy-four standard commander, and Tang Jiyao and Lei Biao as the supervisors. Therefore, most of the generals of the new Yunnan army are non-commissioned officer students studying in Japan.Li Jingxi, fearing that the new army of the Yunnan Army would respond when he heard that the revolutionary army had risen from various places, suddenly ordered the soldiers' weapons to be taken back during the morning exercises on the seventh day of September, and the soldiers were very angry.On the tenth day of the lunar new year, Cai E led his troops to revolt, and the new army responded by seizing the guns first, then attacking the governor's office, fighting fiercely all day and night, occupying Kunming, taking advantage of the victory to capture Mengzi, and elected Cai E as the governor of the military government.Cai sent troops to escort Li Jingxi out of the country, Zhong Lin was killed for resisting the revolution, and Jin Yunpeng escaped from Yunnan disguised as a bearer.Jin Yunpeng graduated from the Beiyang Armed Forces Academy, and he and Qu Tongfeng were both listed as the "Four Diamonds" under Duan Qirui.

Shanghai has always been a revolutionary base. Since the establishment of the Eastern League, many revolutionary strategies in the Yangtze River Basin have originated from this place, led by Chen Qimei.Ding Huaijin organized death squads in Japan and came to Shanghai. The revolutionary comrades Gao Ziyue and Yang Pusheng led the soldiers to attack the manufacturing bureau, but failed to break through.Chen Qimei went to surrender in person, but was detained by the defenders.Ding led the death squads to attack desperately, broke through on the morning of September 14, and rescued Chen.The revolutionary comrades publicly elected Chen Qimei as the governor of the Shanghai Army, and the naval fleet stationed in Wusong subsequently declared independence.On September 14, Wusong was restored, and the situation in Shanghai was stabilized from then on. On September 14, 1911, representatives elected by Suzhou gentry and businessmen paid a visit to Cheng Dequan, governor of Jiangsu, and asked Cheng to declare independence.While Cheng was hesitating, on the 15th, each team of the new army entered the city one after another. While stationing at the key points, they invited the governor, and Cheng Nai agreed to be independent.The new army supported Cheng as the governor of Jiangsu.Niu Yongjian recovered Songjiang on the 16th, Lin Shuqing recovered Zhenjiang on the 17th, and Yangzhou was also occupied by the revolutionary army on the 19th. On the 21st, 14 ships including Mianjingqing and Baomin moored in Zhenjiang to respond to the revolutionary army. In Zhejiang, Governor Zengyun rejected the Zhejiang Council’s request for independence. On September 14, Chen Qimei, the governor of the Shanghai Army, sent Jiang Zhongzheng to lead a death squad to Hangzhou. Attacked the Fu office, threw bombs continuously, the Fu office was destroyed, and Zeng Yun was captured alive.On the 15th, the Advisory Bureau was changed to a military government, independence was declared, and Tang Shouqian was promoted as the governor. After the success of the Yunnan Uprising, the new army in Guizhou was eager to move, and revolutionaries Zhao Bailin, Huang Zesen and others joined the movement. On September 8, Zhao, Huang and the new army officers and assistants met in the Zhejiang Guild Hall to plot an uprising.On the 14th, when the revolutionary army started an uprising, the governor of Guizhou, Shen Yuqing, and others all escaped, so Yang Jincheng, the coach of the new army, was publicly elected as the military governor. After the Xu Xilin incident in Anhui, Qing officials have been very vigilant. After the Wuchang Uprising, both the old and new troops fired bullets as a precaution.At the beginning of September, there were rumors that the new army was about to revolt, and the Qing officials hurriedly ordered the bullets to be taken back. The new army was very aggrieved.On the night of the tenth day of the lunar new year, the sixty-two standard infantry and the horse artillery battalion all attacked the city, but failed to capture it because there was no internal response.Zhu Jiabao, governor of Anhui, ordered the battalion officers to issue Yinyang six yuan by name, ordering the battalions to disarm and dismiss.The gentry and merchants in Anhui Province failed to start an uprising with the new army, so it was inevitable that they would no longer make other plans. Therefore, the merchants asked Zhu Jiabao to be the temporary governor. Zhu Jiabao agreed, and Anhui was declared independent on September 18. On the 8th day of September, Guangdong Ben held a meeting at Aiyushantang, a gentry and business establishment in Guangzhou, advocating the recognition of the revolution.On the night of September 18, all walks of life in Guangzhou met again in the Advisory Council to discuss independence. They still wanted to appoint Zhang Mingqi as the governor, and it was scheduled to be implemented on the 19th.Guangdong Admiral Long Jiguang asked the Qing government how to deal with this situation, and the Qing government told him to retreat to Huizhou to wait for the opportunity.The Advisory Bureau appointed Hu Hanmin, comrade of the Tongmenghui, as the governor, Chen Jiongming as the deputy governor, and also the general appeasement department of Guangdong Province. The Fujian Consulting Bureau asked Governor Matsushou to cede power, but Matsushou refused.On September 19, the revolutionary army revolted, burned Manchuria Street and the general's office, occupied the gunpowder depot, Song Shou committed suicide, Fujian declared independence, and made Zhang Daoren, the commander of the standing army, the military government governor. Seeing that all the provinces in Guangxi had declared their independence one after another, knowing that the general trend was over and the Qing movement was over, Guangxi could not go against the public. Governor Shen Bingkun of Guangxi summoned Wang Zhixiang, the governor of Guangxi, to the Fufu Office on September 16, 1911.Qin Buqu, deputy chairman of the Advisory Bureau, just returned from Changsha, and also came to discuss independence matters.Wang Huifan's Taiwan yamen has changed four times, and ordered people to write hundreds of independent yellow flags. The big book "The National Army of the whole province of Han and Guangxi respectfully invites Governor Shen to declare independence. Long live the future of Guangxi!" On September 17, Guangxi became independent.The governor Shen Bingkun was promoted as the governor, and the governor Wang Zhixiang and the admiral Lu Rongting were the deputy governors.At this time, Lu Rongting was in charge of the military, and Shen and Wang were not at ease. Shen Nai, in the name of the commander-in-chief of the Hunan-Guangxi Allied Forces, and Wang Zhixiang, in the name of the commander-in-chief of the Aid Hubei Army, each led a part of the army to leave Guangxi, and Lu Sui established himself as the governor of Guangxi. Shandong's independence is a funny scene.At the beginning of September of 1911, most of the provinces in the country had become independent. At this time, there was a rumor that the Qing court had borrowed 3 million from Germany because of the huge military pay, and used the land of Shandong Province as payment. He held a meeting in the Advisory Bureau on the 1st, and raised eight points to question the Qing court.The next day, another meeting was held to discuss independence. On the 20th, a "security committee" was established to instigate Shandong's independence, with Xia Junpu as the chairman and Yu Junpu as the vice chairman.On the 23rd, the flag of righteousness was raised to declare independence, and the governor Sun Baoqi was promoted as the governor.Before Sun accepted the governorship, he televised the Qing court, reporting Shandong's independence and being imprisoned, and pleading with the Qing court for convenience.On September 23, it became independent by order of the Qing court.After Sun became the governor, he sent his confidants to fill various important positions. At the same time, he lured the two most fierce battalions in the fifth town of the Beiyang Army stationed in Shandong to Beijing, leaving only Sun's cronies.At this time, Yuan Mi sent Zhang Guangjian and Wu Bingxiang from Anhui to campaign for the abolition of independence. On the seventh day of October, Sun then announced the abolition of independence. Sichuan has planned many incidents since the railway boom, but all failed.Revolutionary patriots running around: Yang Shukan and Xie Chi in eastern Sichuan, Zeng Shengzhai in northern Sichuan, Zhang Peijue and Xiong Kewu in southwestern Sichuan.The No. 2 Elementary School of Xufu Middle School in Chengdu and the Fuzhong School in Chongqing are both meeting places for party members.On October 2, the Chongqing garrison revolted with a white badge on their sleeves. The party members captured Niu Chuanshan, the prefect of Chongqing, and Duan Rongjia, the magistrate of Baxian County.Then the military government of the Shu army was established in the Patrol Office, Zhang Peijue was appointed as the governor, and Xia Zhishi was the deputy governor.In Chengdu, due to the feud between Zhao Erfeng, the governor of Sichuan, and Duan Fang, the imperial envoy, the Qing court ordered Duan to replace Zhao. side affairs.On October 7th, Chengdu became independent. Pu Dianjun proclaimed the Han military government the governor of Sichuan, and the military government was established in the former Ming Shu Palace.On the 18th, there was a military parade in the east school grounds. The soldiers mutinied and shot at Jiangtai. Pu and Zhu were exempted.The two military governments of Chengdu and Chongqing merged until February of the first year of the Republic of China. After the merger, Chengdu was established as the governor's office, with Yin Changheng as the chief governor and Zhang Peijue as the deputy governor. The situation in the three eastern provinces is very similar to that of Shandong. Due to the trend of the general trend, the place is unstable, so Zhao Erxun, the governor of the three eastern provinces, had to deal with the situation, but he was resolutely unwilling to declare independence. The three provincial security associations replaced the governor in the name of the chairman, and established two "security branches" in Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces, with the local governor concurrently serving as the "branch president". Provinces have become independent one after another, many of which are perfunctory, such as Shandong and the three northeastern provinces.In addition, after the independence of Gansu, the governor Zhao Weixi has been dragging a long braid, and other officials are not allowed to cut their braids.Yuan Dahua, the governor of Xinjiang, still wears a red-topped flower feather and claims to be the governor of Xinjiang. These are all false independence.