Chapter 65 Chapter 64 Chinese Hydropower Hero Spectrum

Almost all Chinese people have read such an ancient myth that has been passed down from ancient times to the present in different textbooks and fairy tales: during the time of Yao and Shun, floods flooded, and the people were worried.Yao used Gun to control the waters, and Gun used the method of blocking them, but they did not succeed for nine years.Later Shun used Yu to control the waters, and Yu opened Kyushu, opened up nine roads, improved Jiuze, and crossed Nine Mountains.Dredge the river course, make the best use of the situation, and control the water at the end of 13 years.It can be seen that the management of floods has become a problem that Chinese people have been haunting for thousands of years.Nowadays, people are still paying attention to the management of rivers and the utilization of water energy.It can be said that turning flood into water conservancy and turning water flow into electricity has been a long-standing dream of mankind.

Since the founding of New China 60 years ago, China's hydropower construction has created unprecedented miracles.The scale of hydropower development continues to reach new heights, hydropower dam engineering technology has entered the international advanced ranks, and the localization level of hydropower equipment has been significantly improved. The development of hydropower has brought huge comprehensive benefits to national economic and social development, and has also promoted the world's hydropower industry. further development of the business.At the beginning of the founding of New China, the national hydropower installed capacity was only 360,000 kilowatts, but by the end of 2008, China's hydropower installed capacity had reached 172 million kilowatts, ranking first in the world.At present, the share of hydropower in China's total installed capacity of electric power has reached 22%, accounting for 16% of China's total power generation. The proportion of hydropower in the entire power structure is second only to thermal power. Among many renewable energy sources, hydropower is It has the largest proportion in the power structure. There is no doubt that hydropower occupies a pivotal strategic position in the energy balance and sustainable development of the energy industry.

The first major event that happened in China in 1912 was Sun Yat-sen being sworn in as the first interim president of the Republic of China.However, the life of Yunnan people in the southwestern hinterland does not seem to have changed because of the establishment of the Republic of China. The Dianchi Lake, which is 500 miles away from Kunming, is dark at night, and the heavy silhouette of the Daguan Tower stands silently in the wind. The first long couplet is hidden in the darkness, only the last line can be vaguely read in the moonlight, "a few pestles and a few bells, half a river of fishing fire, two lines of autumn geese, and a pillow of clear frost".Such a dark but extremely peaceful night has lasted for thousands of years over Dianchi Lake, and finally this spring was lightly shattered by the rotation of a water turbine by the Tanglang River.There is no dragon in Shilongba, but this masculine-sounding place name has been passed down from generation to generation in historical materials.Xu Xiake, who likes to travel, did not miss Shilongba. In 1638, Xu Xiake walked and chanted along the Tanglang River, the lower river of Dianchi Lake. Jumping one level, within half a mile, falling five or six levels, this Shilong Dam is also."

In April of this year, Kunming was still full of flowers and willows. The streets of Kunming, half a year after the Revolution of 1911, were deserted. The citizens were used to living in peace. What happened to the hydropower station under construction.But one day the street suddenly became lively, the gongs and drums were beating loudly, and the firecrackers burst people's eardrums.A team of more than a hundred people held up cloth flags and declared that they were the people who run the Yaolong Electric Lighting Co., Ltd., and the leader named Zuo Yixuan was the general manager of their company.Zuo Yixuan took the trouble to tell the citizens that the Shilongba hydroelectric power station on the banks of Tanglang River had been completed on April 12, and the 34-kilometer-long 23kV high-voltage transmission line had already sent electricity to the Xiaoximen Shuitangzi in Kunming. Turning machine room.But the citizens seemed to understand everything Zuo Yixuan said with enthusiasm.Does Shilongba Hydropower Station have anything to do with us?Is it convenient to save money with oil lamps and gas lamps for electric lights?

Zuo Yixuan, who sold electricity on the streets of Kunming, is believed to be the earliest electricity marketer in the history of Chinese electricity.The electricity sent by the two 240-kilowatt generating units of the Shilongba Hydropower Station can be used to illuminate more than 3,000 electric lights, but Kunming people did not seem to appreciate it at first.The citizens who were the first to install electric lights often forgot to use the switch when turning off the lights and were used to blowing out the lights with their mouths. From this, they felt that the use of electric lights was not as convenient as oil lamps.There is an article in the first issue of volume 7 of a German "Siemens Magazine" published in January 1927 about the fact that Kunming people, including more Chinese, have prevented electric lights from entering their lives for a long time. Objectively, in this article entitled "Yunnan Prefecture, China's First Hydropower Station", there is a passage that was widely used later: "In the interior of China, a big country, although there are abundant natural resources necessary for the development of industry, Resources and a population of more than 400 million, but the average Chinese is more conservative than any other nation, sticking to the things of their ancestors. Therefore, it is difficult to accept the new simple way of life that can improve the habits they have been accustomed to since their ancestors. Even so, In the remote hinterland of this country, which is far away from the trend of world trade and isolated from Western culture, there are also some outstanding intellectuals and pioneers who introduced Western technological achievements to their land. These few brave men are respected by the public. Opposition and prejudice open a gap."

Zuo Yixuan is obviously the brave man mentioned in the article.In fact, the person who really opened the door to hydropower in China was named Wang Chi.Known as the "King of Money" in Yunnan, Wang Chi, a late Qing businessman, ranked fourth among the world's richest men in the 1910s selected by the British "Times". No one knows how much money Wang Chi has.There is a fact that the "Tongqingfeng" firm founded by him once dominated the financial market of the Qing Dynasty in its heyday. Even Li Hongzhang had to sigh: "It's like the treasury of the Qing court." Not extravagant, with its integrity to win the respect of peers.Wang Chi is also admired by future generations for his ability to stand up in the face of national and national difficulties. When France sent troops to invade the country in 1883, the governor of Yunnan, Cen Yuying, went out to rescue the army, but the military salary was huge. At that time, only Wang Chi borrowed a huge sum of 600,000 taels for salary.The Yunnan-Vietnam Railway, once dominated by the French, returned to the Chinese because of Wang Chi.As a major copper and tin mining province in Yunnan, Wang Chi invested and started the initial preparations together with the government.As for the Empress Dowager Cixi who fled in a hurry in the face of the invasion of Beijing by the Eight-Power Allied Forces, if she hadn't been fully supported by Wang Chi's "Tongqingfeng" branches all over the country, I am afraid that her end would be even more embarrassing.

Wang Chi is rich in half of Yunnan, but he never forgets the warmth and comfort of his elders in his hometown.Therefore, after the completion of the Shilongba Hydropower Station, the people of Yunnan will still place this act of righteousness on him.It has been 9 years since Wang Chi passed away when the Shilongba Hydropower Station was put into operation.In 1909, six years after Wang Chi's death, the "Commercial Yaolong Electric Lamp Co., Ltd.", which was established by Wang Chi's son Wang Xiaozhai with a huge investment, was established, and the construction of Shilongba Hydropower Station also started.Wang Xiaozhai, the prime minister of the Yunnan Chamber of Commerce, inherited his father’s business and left a priceless material and spiritual legacy for his father and himself in the history of hydropower in China in the construction of the Shilongba Hydropower Station. Later, the Shilongba Hydropower Station became a national cultural relic The Conservation Unit is a testament to this.As a symbol of China's hydropower construction, the turbines of the Shilongba Hydropower Station have been operating for more than 100 years. This is a respectable period of time. The electricity provided by the water energy first illuminated the sky over Dianchi Lake and became a high-hanging in the history of China's electric power. A lamp in the long river shines brightly.

As we all know, hydropower stations block or block rivers to build dams, which have the functions of water control, power generation and shipping.As far as the construction of Shilongba and the later few hydropower stations are concerned, the more important purpose is to generate electricity first. Only in the era of governance of large rivers such as the Yellow River and the Yangtze River can the multiple values ​​and functions of hydropower stations be truly realized.However, in the history of water conservancy in China, the first purpose of river management was not power generation but water control.It can be said that Chinese people's understanding and management of rivers is a process from the shallow to the deep, from the surface to the inside.And this dialectical process can be seen from the engineering technology of river control and flood control in ancient my country. The inspection continues to this day.The legendary Yu the Great is the pioneer of water control in China.

The story of Dayu's flood control has been circulating for 4,000 years, and the Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Project has also stood on the Chengdu Plain for 2,000 years.Li Bing and his son built Dujiangyan to cure the Minjiang River, but left a world cultural heritage for future generations.Li Bing, who was appointed by King Qin Zhao as the governor of Shu County, saw that the Minjiang River running through Shu County was abundant in water but seriously flooded, and the fertile fields in the plains were often barren. One of the most important government affairs in the county sheriff's office.Li Bing led his son Li Erlang and local flood control experts to conduct field surveys along the river until they arrived at Minshan, the source of the Minjiang River, at the junction of Sichuan and Gansu provinces. There are tall and straight mountains and snow all year round.The Minjiang River passes through the mountains and rushes down to the vicinity of Guanxian County in northern Sichuan. However, due to the influence of the Sichuan Basin, the terrain is suddenly flat, and the waterway of the Minjiang River is suddenly widened. It also began to silt up here, silting up the river bed, and the Minjiang River began to be presumptuous.However, the Yulei Mountain outside Guanxian County blocks the Minjiang River from east to west, preventing the river from flowing smoothly. The east bank suffers nine droughts in ten years because of the inability to flow in, while the west bank often floods due to excessive water volume.

The important project of Dujiangyan is to dig Yulei Mountain to divert water from Baopingkou, and build another Feishayan to divert the Minjiang River water through Yuzui to the front of Yulei Mountain.Looking from Yuzui, the water diversion mouth of Dujiangyan, you can see the Minjiang River coming from the vastness of the mountains and valleys, and reaching Yuzui, the Minjiang River is divided into two meekly, and the river flows into the inner river channel connecting Baopingkou, and rushes mightily towards the water diversion mouth. .The outer river is a majestic sluice. When the water volume exceeds the warning line, the gate will be released to divert the flood water from the spillway to the outer river to reduce the pressure on the inner river.The water from the Neijiang River flows continuously to the vast Chengdu Plain, irrigating tens of thousands of hectares of fertile fields and continuing the reputation of "Land of Abundance".The names of countless weir workers who built Dujiangyan flowed into the Chengdu Plain with the surging river. At that time, more than 2,000 years later, people came to Dujiangyan to see the art left by the weir workers. There is no trace of them, but the souls of the weir workers have been built into every brick and stone of Dujiangyan, and they will shine brightly for Li Bing, their prefect.

The designers and builders of the Shilongba Hydropower Station drew inspiration from Dayu's water control and Dujiangyan, and built the first hydropower station in mainland China by utilizing the water energy of Dianchi Lake.However, Zuo Yixuan, who presided over the project construction, has been uneasy since the moment when Kunming German Lihe Co., Ltd. ordered the hydroelectric unit from German Siemens Electric Company.After all, this is the first time to build a hydropower station, and Zuo Yixuan has no experience to learn from.Zuo Yixuan finally decided to hire experts from Germany to assist in the construction of Shilongba Hydropower Station. When Zuo Yixuan arrived at Shilongba on horseback with hydraulic engineer Mao Shidiya and electrical engineer Mai Huade from Germany, China’s electric power construction was the earliest. The Sino-foreign cooperation in China may be in its infancy.However, Zuo Yixuan lost his official position because of a false accusation. The cause of the incident was related to the use of electricity.A fire broke out in Wanzhong Street, Kunming due to lack of knowledge about electricity usage, and 26 private houses were reduced to ashes in the fire.It was the Spring Festival of 1917. Someone had to take responsibility for the fire, and Zuo Yixuan's sad resignation became irreversible. The utilization of water energy resources has finally begun a staggering but indomitable start after Shilong Dam.Thirteen years after the turbines of the Shilongba Hydropower Station turned alone, Shui Xiheng, a design engineer who had been employed by Siemens in Germany, returned to his hometown of Lu County, Sichuan.Like Shilongba, the Luxian Jihe hydropower plant that he presided over has imported units from German Siemens. Although its capacity is only 140 kilowatts, it is the first small hydropower station designed and constructed by China itself.As the first hydropower station in Sichuan, the Jihe Hydropower Plant, which was completed and put into operation in 1925, was a step behind Shilong Dam, but it set a precedent for hydropower in a province with abundant water resources and played a role model for China's hydropower in its infancy.As China's own hydropower expert in the early days, Shui Xiheng went to Wujiang River, Longxi River, Dadu River, Minjiang River, Changshou Lion Beach, Guizhou Erlang Beach and other places after completing the construction of Jihe Hydropower Plant. The hydropower resources he surveyed In fact, it will be developed and utilized in succession in the not-too-distant future.Different from Wang Chi, a giant businessman in Yunnan, Shui Xiheng builds an ideal building of "saving the country by industry" with his own profession, relying on his own brain and feet. The Duodi Hydropower Station in Lhasa, Tibet, became the first hydropower project constructed in China, which surprised many historical research experts.Tibet has a vast territory, with vertical and horizontal mountains and rivers, and abundant renewable energy resources. Its hydropower resources can be developed in the top three in the country, especially its geothermal energy and solar energy resources are second to none.However, in terms of Tibet's physical geography and social and economic development history, it is a miracle that the utilization of hydropower is actually one step ahead of the whole country.The construction of the Duodi Hydropower Station started when the 13th Dalai Lama fled to Darjeeling, India.The Dalai Lama, who fled to India, made a decision that is still pre-emptive in the eyes of historians when he noticed the trend of world development. He wanted to select a group of young and intelligent children from the Tibetan nobles and send them to England for training. In 1913, one of the four Tibetan aristocratic children who went to England to study at Noble University in London was a young man named Jamopa Rindorjee, who majored in electrical industry.The emergence of the Duodi hydropower station seemed to be a matter of course after Jamgupa Rindorjee returned to Tibet. The Duodi Hydropower Station is installed with generators produced by Keirs Machinery Manufacturing Plant in the UK.When Jamopa Rindorjee transported this generator back to Lhasa from England, he was accompanied by a machine for minting currency.Therefore, the electricity output from the Duodi Hydropower Station, which started generating electricity in 1927, was mainly used to make currency.The thirteenth Dalai Lama named this power plant "Infinite Wonderful Wisdom Treasure Kuzha Electric Power Plant". For a long period of time afterwards, the main function of the Duodi Hydropower Station was to mint silver and copper coins according to the financial needs of the Kaxag government. and the machines that printed banknotes.In fact, the Duodi Hydropower Station is almost merged with the coin mint.The factory even copied British rifles.As for the installation of electric lights in the homes of nobles and businessmen living in Barkhor Street in Lhasa, it was already in 1935.In that year, Jangopa Rindorjee sent the power from the Duodi Hydropower Station to the newly built Jibugang Small Power Station in Lhasa, and the nights in downtown Lhasa were really bright. The development of hydropower stations in the early stages of China did not go all out because of the participation of Tibet in the remote area. On the contrary, it developed slowly like a pan of loose sand.Electricity historians have made a statistic that from the Shilongba Hydropower Station to 1934, the electricity generated by hydropower accounted for less than one percent of the country's annual electricity generation.For a country known for its rich hydropower resources, this figure is quite embarrassing.Although the Japanese army implemented the "Five-Year Plan for Industrial Development" after occupying the Northeast, established the "Pseudo Manchurian Electric Industry Co., Ltd.", and successively built the Shuifeng, Fengman and Jingbohu hydropower stations, these three hydropower stations built up by the bones of Chinese laborers The hydropower station is more engraved with the mark of humiliation.The Japanese army finally returned to their own land in embarrassment under the tenacious resistance of the Chinese soldiers and civilians. While leaving behind the three hydropower stations, they also left behind the tragic "Shuifeng Mass Grave" and "Plump Mass Grave".The luxuriant, clear and green Jingpo Lake has finally regained its former majesty and mystery. The Diaoshuilou Waterfall also hangs and falls like the Milky Way. . Electricity historians have described the status quo of China's electric power up to 1949. During the 67-year long process, they were so stingy that they were willing to use only 24 words: small scale, slow development, power plants withered, equipment incomplete, power grid Paralyzed, struggling to function.The first lights on Nanjing Road in Shanghai preceded the United States and Japan. That is to say, even under the crumbling late Qing government, China’s electric power industry started almost at the same pace as foreign countries, but why is it so difficult to develop?If you want to describe the reasons, analyze it from the aspects of politics, ideology, and cultural background, it can be a huge book. China is too old, and it is too difficult to explain China clearly.However, there are several obvious reasons that historians of all stripes agree on.The corruption and incompetence of the Qing government was the main reason for China's power failures. Because the Chinese national bourgeoisie was still in its infancy and lacked management experience in the emerging industry of power plants, coupled with the fact that imperialism stepped up capital exports to China, the competition was extremely fierce. Enterprises lost money and had to shut down factories or merged with foreign-funded enterprises. The short-lived phenomenon became a common phenomenon in the operation of power plants at that time. After more than half a century of seeking and striving for strength, the Chinese people's desire and waiting for the light are still lingering.Could it be that Shilongba is really only a stone dragon, always holding its head high but never able to take off vigorously?History took a beautiful turn in the autumn of 1949. With a light wave of his hand, he gave Shilong wings to fly.Chairman Mao Zedong, who was familiar with history books, was evacuated from Yan'an and crossed the Yellow River to the east. When he saw the turbid water of the Yellow River, he said with emotion: "It seems that the upper reaches of the Yellow River are suffering from severe soil erosion. After a few years, overall planning and governance will be required." Mao Zedong said in 1948 When crossing the Yellow River eastward on the afternoon of March 23, he was not far away from the raising of the flag on Tiananmen Square. He must have seen that the Forbidden City was about to be covered by that bright red flag.He kept in mind the words he said by the Yellow River, and shortly after the new government was established, he spoke again, which later almost became the most classic sentence for governing the Yellow River: "We must do the work of the Yellow River well." The poet Guo Moruo arrived at Liujiaxia Power Station on a certain day in September 1971. He saw the dam and machine room of the power station that had been built, as well as other units that were still under construction.That night, the poet rarely suffered from insomnia.The poet who is full of thoughts and ideas gets up in the middle of the night and lights up the desk lamp. He stands in front of the window and looks towards the direction of the dam. Passionate, returned to the table and composed a song "Manjianghong" in one go: Brilliant achievements, marvel at the true greatness of manpower; in memory, Xin'an Yalu has become the second sub-Asian.Self-reliance follows the teachings, and the construction design is based on China; the Yellow River is tamed into an electric current, mega kilowatts.Green reservoirs, high dams, gantry cranes, Qianjun gates, watching the galloping discharge of water, what a thousand horses.A boat gallops through Taokou, and the Qianyan wall stands in doubt about Wu Gorge.Thinking about the future, Gaoxia will be even more surprised when he comes out of Pinghu! The Liujiaxia Hydropower Station, where Guo Moruo expresses his pride in poetry, is one of the three major hydropower stations under construction in the upper reaches of the Yellow River.Yanguoxia Hydropower Station and Bapanxia Hydropower Station were also built in the same basin during the same period.The Liujiaxia Hydropower Station, located 54 kilometers west of Lanzhou, can be regarded as one of Mao Zedong's important projects for harnessing the Yellow River.At the second meeting of the first National People's Congress, a resolution was passed, which is called "Resolution on the Comprehensive Planning of the Yellow River Water Disaster and the Development of the Yellow River Water Conservancy". After the adoption, a group of hydropower projects represented by Liujiaxia set off The first wave of construction climax in the history of China's hydropower.As far as its construction time is concerned, the Liujiaxia Hydropower Station, which started construction on September 27, 1958, is not in the lead, but its position in the history of hydropower is comparable to that of the Xin'anjiang Hydropower Station, which started construction a year ago.Liujiaxia Hydropower Station is my country's first large-scale hydropower station with a capacity of more than one million kilowatts built entirely on its own.That is to say, the installed capacity of the Liujiaxia Hydropower Station is greater than that of the Xin'anjiang Hydropower Station. Because of this, the Liujiaxia Hydropower Station has become the backbone peaking power plant of the Northwest Power Grid. The poems are also reasonable. "Three Gorges hydropower illuminates half of China".This sentence once caused doubts among some netizens. In many people's opinion, although the Yangtze River Three Gorges Water Conservancy Project stands out from the crowd with an installed capacity of 18.2 million kilowatts, crowning the world, it will not illuminate half of China's vast territory.Moreover, with China's current installed power capacity of more than 800 million kilowatts, the share of the Three Gorges Power Station is still limited.In fact, there is a technical division of calculation here. What we usually call "the Three Gorges hydropower illuminates half of China" mainly refers to the unique geographical location of the Three Gorges Hydropower Station. If the Three Gorges Dam is the center of the circle, the straight-line distance is 1,000 kilometers. As the radius, all the country except 7 provinces and autonomous regions are within this power transmission range.The Three Gorges Hydropower Station has a moderate geographical location and will become the backbone and pillar of the national power grid. All regions will use the dispatch of the national power grid to stagger the peak hours of the power grid, and the time for power cuts will be greatly shortened.From this point of view, "Three Gorges hydropower illuminates half of China" is fully established. Compared with thermal power and nuclear power, hydropower is a clean, safe and inexhaustible energy source.The 26 generating units of the Three Gorges Hydropower Station on the Yangtze River are equivalent to 10 Guangdong Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plants and 10 large thermal power plants with an installed capacity of 2 million kilowatts.For this reason, coal consumption can be reduced by 40 to 50 million tons per year, and the discharge of sulfur dioxide by 2 million tons, carbon monoxide by 10,000 tons and a large amount of industrial wastewater can be reduced.The dream of the older generation of hydropower people that "the Yangtze River flows eastward, and what flows are coal and oil" has become a reality within reach. As the backbone power source for the country's implementation of the West-to-East power transmission strategy, the Xiluodu Power Station with a designed installed capacity of 12.6 million kilowatts is located in the Xiluodu Gorge on the border between Yongshan County, Yunnan Province and Leibo County, Sichuan Province, in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River.In fact, Xiluodu is only one of the four cascade hydropower stations in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River. It will form the main territory for the development of hydropower resources in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River together with Wudongde, Baihetan and Xiangjiaba, which will start construction later.Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba are the first to be built among the cascade power stations planned for rolling development, and their unit capacity has reached 18.6 million kilowatts. It will be transmitted to East China and Central China through the UHV power grid. Experts generally affirm that Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba are two hydropower stations that mainly generate power, and also have huge comprehensive benefits in terms of flood control, sand retention, improvement of downstream navigation, environment and society.The electric energy they transmit can replace the thermal power installed capacity of 17.39 million kilowatts, which is equivalent to saving 40 million tons of coal every year.Half of the sediment in the Yangtze River comes from the Jinsha River, and the Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba hydropower stations control more than 96% of the Jinsha River's drainage area. The two reservoirs with a total storage capacity of 16.8 billion cubic meters have a significant role in reducing sediment for the Three Gorges Water Conservancy Project .According to calculations by experts based on a mathematical model of sediment, the combined operation of the two hydropower stations for 60 years can reduce the amount of sediment transported downstream by 12.5 billion tons, which is more than 80% of the amount of sediment transported downstream during the same period.And because of the joint operation of the two reservoirs, the sediment particles entering the Three Gorges Reservoir can also be made finer, effectively reducing the sediment deposition at the end of the Three Gorges Reservoir and its impact on Chongqing Port. With the Three Gorges Project as a symbol, China's hydropower development has changed from purely engineering hydropower to ecological hydropower, from purely technical engineering to social engineering, and has paid more attention to the interests of immigrants and the protection of the ecological environment.If you want to look for the development of a river basin as a typical example, it must be the Wujiang River.The Wujiang River is a tributary of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, also known as the Qianjiang River.It originated in the northern part of Guizhou Province and the eastern mountainous area of ​​Sichuan Province, and flowed northeast to Wujiang Ferry in Xifeng County, where it was called Wujiang River.The theoretical reserve of hydropower resources in Wujiang River is 10.4259 million kilowatts, and there are 266 hydropower resources that can be developed, with an installed capacity of 8.4601 million kilowatts. It is known as a treasure land of hydropower.Historically, there was a famous incident in which the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants forced their way across the Wujiang River during the Long March. On January 1, 1935, the Central Red Army led by Mao Zedong, Zhu De, and Zhou Enlai, after 3 days and 3 nights of tenacious fighting, forcibly crossed the Wujiang River, defeated the Guizhou Army, and advanced towards Zunyi.After Mao Zedong crossed the Wujiang River, he established his leading position in the Red Army and the Party Central Committee at the Zunyi Conference.The Zunyi Conference, which has a very important position in the history of the Communist Party of China, is considered to be an extraordinary enlarged meeting that independently resolved the issue of the Chinese revolution. It marks the political maturity of the Chinese Communist Party and is a turning point in the history of the Communist Party of China. China The revolution has since opened up a new situation.Later, the development of hydropower resources in Wujiang River made Wujiang River appear in people's sight again.It was a person named Luo Northwest who first proposed the idea of ​​"changing the past method of completely relying on state funds for construction, and using water and electricity to develop its own funds to expand reproduction." Luo was then the president of the Water Conservancy and Hydropower Planning and Design Institute.Obviously, Luo's ideas are forward-looking and in line with the direction of China's hydropower development.Therefore, in 1990, with the consent of the State Council, the former Ministry of Energy and the State Planning Commission approved the establishment of my country's first hydropower development company organized by river basin, namely Wujiang Hydropower Development Company.This is equivalent to saying that the high-level central government agrees with Luo et al.'s ideas on hydropower development. After the completion of the cascade power station on the main stream of the Wujiang River, the irrigation, shipping, and tourism conditions of the entire basin have also been improved, benefiting more than 30 counties along the river and tens of millions of people.The joint optimal dispatching system of large-scale reservoirs has also greatly improved the utilization rate of water energy resources. It can increase the power generation by 1.5 billion kWh every year, which is equivalent to not increasing investment by a penny, not submerging an acre of land, and not relocating a family. The benefits of a medium-sized power station with an installed capacity of 200,000 kilowatts can be obtained.Zhang Zhixiao is the chairman of Wujiang Company. Zhang is obviously quite satisfied with the rolling development model implemented by Wujiang. In Zhang's opinion, the rolling development of Wujiang has realized the rolling of funds, talents and management, and has formed a power station that has been put into operation and started construction. , and then prepare a scientific development mechanism for a virtuous circle of power stations and rolling value-added. In 2005, it was a memorable day for the hydropower development of Wujiang River. Hu Jintao, the general secretary of the party, came to inspect the construction site of Suofengying in Wujiang River.After listening to the report, the former general secretary of Guizhou was very happy, and said to everyone: "When I was the secretary of the provincial party committee in Guizhou, I considered the comprehensive development of the entire Wujiang River. Now 8 points in Guizhou have been developed and started construction. Yes, by 2010 the basic development of several points will be completed, but your Wujiang business is not over, what to do next, how to make this article around Guizhou’s energy advantages bigger and better, this is your next article.” The proposition about "Part Two" proposed by Hu Jintao has now been completed.Anyone who has been to the Suofengying Hydropower Station in Guizhou will be pleasantly surprised to find that the clear lake and the dense vegetation on both sides of the hydropower station have attracted macaques and Tibetan monkeys to live freely among the replanted fruit trees. It has gradually become history, and the "Wujiang experience" formed by the development, construction and operation management of Wujiang hydropower has now become a banner for the cascade development of my country's river basins.Because for hydropower builders, the biggest wish is to let this "flag" of hydropower development with excellent ecological and social benefits be able to fly in every river.Today, the successful rolling development models of the Ertan, Qingjiang, Xiaowan and other watersheds have also shown their huge comprehensive benefits, and at the same time have driven the economic and social development of the entire watershed. The change of concept brings scientific planning and reasonable layout. Therefore, China has formed thirteen major hydropower bases, including the Jinsha River, Yalong River, Dadu River, Wujiang River, Nujiang River, and the upper reaches of the Yellow River, on the basis of giving priority to the development of major rivers. The thirteen major hydropower bases, which account for 60% of the country's installed capacity, have brought together a large number of national key projects such as the Three Gorges, Gezhouba, Xiluodu, Xiangjiaba, Ertan, and Longyangxia, which have promoted the development and rational use of China's hydropower resources , It has greatly promoted the development of the western region and the implementation of the "West-to-East Electricity Transmission". The development and utilization of hydropower resources is booming in China.If we want to make an analogy, giant hydropower stations like the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, Xiluodu, and Gezhouba can be classified as a symphony, with a grand scale and majestic momentum, while more small and medium-sized hydropower stations are like melodic singles, indispensable .About 42 kilometers away from the urban area of ​​Meizhou City, Guangdong Province, in a place called Songnan Town, Meixian County, there is an inconspicuous small hydropower station, which the locals call Shanzhuwo Hydropower Station.The power station is the main stream of the Meijiang River, the third of four steps planned for the river below Meicheng.Don't underestimate this hydropower station with an installed capacity of 34,000 kilowatts. Its controlled rainwater collection area above the dam site has reached 12,636 square kilometers, with an average annual runoff of 9.84 billion cubic meters for many years and a total storage capacity of 150 million cubic meters. 59 meters, with a daily adjusted storage capacity of 6.35 million cubic meters.Shanzhuwo Hydropower Station was invested and constructed by Guangdong Meiyan Hydropower Co., Ltd. with a total investment of 430 million yuan.The power station is designed according to the principle of no one on duty and few people on duty. The whole station realizes automatic computer monitoring system monitoring, and is equipped with a microcomputer protection system and an industrial TV monitoring system that are in line with developed countries.Opened the most advanced optical fiber communication system and remote system with Meizhou Power Grid.There are only 15 people in the operation and management of the whole station, and the production management fully embodies the efficient mode of "Mei Yan". Shanzhuwo hydropower station is just one of more than 10 hydropower stations invested and developed by "Meiyan".Founded in January 1993, Guangdong Meiyan Hydropower Co., Ltd. was originally named "Guangdong Meiyan Enterprise [Group] Co., Ltd." The speed of development of this enterprise is impressive. The exchange publicly issued its own stock and listed it in circulation.Yang Qinhuan, the founder, chairman and general manager of the Meiyan Hydropower Group, is obviously not just for nothing. He sees the potential huge economic benefits of China's hydropower. Therefore, since 1996, Yang has gradually adjusted the company's industrial structure towards the hydropower industry.In fact, in the 1980s, Yang got involved in hydropower and funded the construction of the Rongshukeng Hydropower Station.The reason why Yang wanted to build such a hydropower station was not because it was profitable, but because Yang Qinhuan built it to solve flood control, drinking water, irrigation, and power generation in his hometown. Secretary Guo Rongchang and then deputy secretary of the Guangzhou Municipal Party Committee Zhu Zhenzhong attached great importance to it and made an exception to allocate 50,000 yuan to reward this small hydropower station.The Rongshukeng Hydropower Station still benefits the hometown and has become a monument of private investment in water conservancy construction in Meizhou.After more than ten years of business development, the total assets of "Mei Yan" have reached 5.6 billion yuan, with nearly 1,000 employees. Its 19 wholly-owned and holding subsidiaries are involved in hydropower energy, copper foil cement production and sales. "Meiyan's benefits benefit everyone" is the tenet of "Meiyan", and it is Yang Qinhuan's unremitting efforts to develop hydropower energy and high-tech industries, continuously improve the company's core competitiveness, and create more benefits to repay the society and shareholders the goal that is pursued.It can be expected that after Yang has skillfully played such fresh and elegant singles as Danzhuwo Hydropower Station, his next goal is to keep an eye on the magnificent symphony and become one of the performers. No one doubts it.We often say that opportunities are usually only given to those who are prepared, and Yang Qinhuan is the one who is always ready.In the history of China's hydropower development, there will be undisputed traces like "Meiyan" flying over the river. Their participation will make China's hydropower development and utilization more colorful, just like " Big pearls and small pearls fall on a jade plate." As we all know, most large or extra-large hydropower stations are built in mountainous areas with large river drops, but these hydropower stations are often not located in power load centers. Therefore, electricity needs to be sent out through transmission.For example, the electricity generated by the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River is sent out through 15 ultra-high voltage transmission lines.The state authorized the China Three Gorges Project Development Corporation to develop the water resources of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River on a rolling basis, and organized the construction of four giant power stations in Xiluodu, Xiangjiaba, Wudongde, and Baihetan.The construction of Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba hydropower stations has started successively, and the preliminary survey and design work of Wudongde and Baihetan hydropower stations is in progress.The total installed capacity of these four power stations will reach 38.5 million kilowatts, with an annual power generation of 175.3 billion kWh.Undoubtedly, this is another giant hydropower kingdom.Whether it is Xiluodu, Xiangjiaba, Wudongde, or Baihetan, they are all far away from the power load center, and the power they generate needs to be sent to the southeast coast and the Bohai Bay Rim through long distances like the Three Gorges Power Station. area.Therefore, the development of a hydropower station is not a simple power station construction project, but a complex system project.The power transmission is a very important link. Without this link, the western power, especially the delivery of hydropower, cannot be realized.Its economic and social benefits are out of the question.At the national level, we also call this project "West-to-East Electricity Transmission". The so-called west-to-east power transmission refers to the development of power resources in Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi and other western provinces and regions, and transports them to Guangdong, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Beijing, Tianjin and Tang Dynasty, where power is in short supply. area. “西电东送”工程不仅是国家实施的西部大开发标志性工程之一，也是西部大开发的骨干工程。根据规划，西电东送将形成三大通道。南线是将贵州乌江、云南澜沧江和桂、滇、黔三省区交界处的南盘江、北盘江、红水河的水电资源以及黔、滇两省坑口火电厂的电能开发出来送往广东，形成西电东送的南部通道；中线是将三峡和金沙江干支流水电送往华东地区，形成西电东送的中部通道；北线则是将黄河上游水电和山西、内蒙古坑口火电送往京津唐地区，形成西电东送的北部通道。 历时10年的西电东送工程被认为是世界上最大的电力项目，它与南水北调、西气东输工程一样，都属于国家层面的战略性大工程，也是在经过充分论证的基础上才组织实施的。就西电东送而言，就必须说到中国的一次能源分布，对中国能源稍作了解，就会发现中国的水能资源分布极不均匀，90％的可开发装机容量集中在西南、中南和西北地区，特别是长江中上游的干支流和西南诸多河流，其可开发装机容量占到全国可开发装机容量的60％。此外，中国煤炭资源也主要集中在山西、贵州、陕西、内蒙古西部。而中国经济发达的东部沿海地区，能源资源却非常短缺，从电力消费结构看，仅北京、广东、上海等东部7省市的电力消费就占到了全国的40%以上。毫无疑问，把西部的电能通过适当方式送往东部，既能把西部丰富的资源优势转化为经济优势，充分利用西部地区得天独厚的自然资源，获得西部大开发所急需的启动资金；同时也为东部地区提供了清洁、优质、可靠、廉价的电力，促进东部地区经济发展。因此，把西电东送称之为东西部互补双赢的决策，估计没有人提出异议。 作为西电东送必需的一次能源规划中的中国十三大水电基地与十三个煤炭基地值得一说。因为从理论上来说，没有这些基地，也就谈不上西电东送。已经成为历史的国家电力部曾对国内水资源进行过一次规模不小的排查，得出的结论是，中国的水能资源居世界首位，水力资源理论蕴藏量为6.94亿千瓦，其中可开发装机容量为3.78亿千瓦，年发电量1.92万亿千瓦时。大约在1989年，中国第一张水电基地规划蓝图初显轮廓。从这张蓝图上可以看出，全国范围内的水能资源以地区划分构成十三个基地，这些基地几乎囊括了中国境内除台湾省以外所有具备一定规模的水能资源。按照蓝图的分布，这十三个基地依次是黄河上游、南盘江、红水河、金沙江、雅砻江、大渡河、乌江、长江上游、澜沧江中游、湘西和闽、浙、赣以及东北及黄河中游北干流。现在，我们选取其中一个基地进行剖析，看看这些大江大河究竟蕴藏着怎样丰沛的水力资源。 金沙江水电基地的地理划分是指长江上游自青海省玉树至四川省宜宾，这段江面通称金沙江，河道全长2320公里。宜宾以上的控制流域面积约50万平方公里，包括通天河在内的水势落差达到了惊人的5280米，其干支流水能蕴藏量为1.13亿千瓦。而玉树以下段的落差也达到了3280米，它的水能蕴藏量为5551万千瓦，如果以18个梯级进行开发，它的总装机容量可以接近5700万千瓦。从水电开发的技术层面讲，金沙江水量丰沛，落差集中，动能指标优越，淹没损失小，多数梯级规模大，具有单独远区送电的能力。因此，开发金沙江不仅可弥补西南缺煤、满足当地日益增长的用电需要，更重要的是可与华中联网，实现西电东送，担负我国能源平衡的战略任务；此外，一个显著的效益是可为改善西南航运状况，发展沿岸灌溉，开发流域国土资源等创造条件，并可分担长江中、下游防洪任务。 很多人对于金沙江的认识，并非由于它丰富的水电资源，更多的是来自它本身的地形地貌以及发生在金沙江流域的历史传说与真实故事。小学的地理常识就告诉我们，长江江源水系汇成通天河后，到青海玉树县境进入横断山区，就开始称为金沙江。由于金沙江流经山高谷深的横断山区，水流湍急，向东南奔腾直下，至云南省丽江纳西族自治县石鼓附近突然转向东北，便形成著名的虎跳峡。虎跳峡一向以“险”而闻名天下。沿山崖攀援而下至峡谷，且见两岸高山耸峙。东有主峰海拔5596米的玉龙山终年披云戴雪、银峰插天，近眺山腰怪石嵯峨，古藤盘结，山脚壁立，直插江底。据说夜深人静可闻虎啸猿啼，能见狼豹出没。峡谷西侧是哈巴雪山，峥嵘突兀、悬崖陡峻。西岸山峰高出江面3000米以上。著名如长江三峡，其江面与峰顶高差也不过1500米，而美国的地狱峡谷，其最大高差也仅2400米，由此可见，虎跳峡的深邃。身入谷中，看天是一条缝，看江则是一条龙。头顶绝壁，脚临激流，令人心惊胆战。虎跳峡的水险是由山岩的断层塌陷造成的，无数石梁跌坎，加之两岸山坡陡峻、岩石壁立，随着山石风化，巨石常常崩塌谷底，形成江中礁石林立、犬牙交错，既多险滩密布，又可见飞瀑荟萃。从上虎跳峡至下峡口，落差达到210米，平均每公里14米，如此落差，看江水态势瞬息万变，无论它如何狂驰怒号，石乱水激，雪浪翻飞，或者漩涡漫卷，飞瀑轰鸣，雾气空濛都已不足为奇。在如此奔腾的江中拦腰筑坝建立水电站对于水电专家来说是最欣喜不已的事，而类似的江段，在金沙江不止虎跳峡一处。 早在2000多年前的战国时期，《禹贡》将金沙江称之为黑水。《禹贡》是《尚书》中的一篇，它利用了战国时期发达的地理学知识，超脱《山经》原始的地理概念，扬弃神话成分而专就人类力量所可及的治理水土方面来讲，也就是说，它突破原始的幻想阶段，以真实为目的，崇尚实地考察，对后世地理学发展的影响非常巨大，以至于清代学者李振裕说《禹贡》是“自禹治水，至今4000余年，地理之书无数百家，莫有越《禹贡》之范围者”。而北魏的郦道元则在《水经注》中首次对金沙江水系作了详细描述，但遗憾的是未能言明金沙江与长江干流的关系。直到明代地理学家徐霞客经过实地考察后提出“推江源者，必当以金沙为首”，从而确认了金沙江作为长江上源的地位。金沙江之名的来历据称与黄金有关，宋代时，人们发现，这条有丽水、马湖江、神川之称的江中出现沙金，于是大量淘金者出没沿河两岸，此河也因此被冠以金沙之名。而在现代战争史上，中国工农红军横渡金沙江，也让这条江披上一层神秘色彩，所以毛泽东在他著名的诗作《长征》中写下了“金沙水拍云崖暖，大渡桥横铁索寒”。可见金沙江地形之险要，也为红军最终顺利北上直至取得长征的胜利留下了重要的证据。 规划中的金沙江干流石鼓至宜宾段水电开发，专家们看好乌东德、白鹤滩、溪洛渡和向家坝，这4座水电站址我们在上面已经不止一次提及，它们也是金沙江下游最先滚动开发的巨型水电站。唐荣斌是中国水电顾问集团成都勘测设计院的副总工程师，唐毫不掩饰对这条大江由衷的赞叹，在唐看来，“世界上还没有哪一条河流可以与之媲美”。金沙江年均水量1450万立方米，就是说，它的水量相当于三条黄河，它每公里河道下降1米多，使它拥有举世罕见的水能资源。然而，这条蕴藏着巨大能量的河流，许多年以来，水电开发却一直是空白。直到西电东送战略实施，准确地说，随着溪洛渡电站的开工，这条沉睡了千万年的河流才开始苏醒、扬眉并且抬起它高昂的头。溪洛渡水电站位于青藏高原、云贵高原向四川盆地的过渡带，地处四川省雷波县与云南永善县接壤的溪洛渡峡谷段，其装机容量与世界第二大水电站、巴西的伊泰普水电站相当，也就是说，1260万千瓦的溪洛渡其规模仅次于长江三峡水利枢纽工程，是中国第二大水电站。溪洛渡与随后开工建设的向家坝电站一起，其发电装机容量可与长江三峡并驾齐驱，它们发出的电能将全部输往华中与华东地区。 装机600万千瓦的向家坝水电站建设改变了两座县城的命运。如果说宜宾将因此而从农业大县迈向工业大县，那么对于屏山县来说，则是一次千载难逢的机会，这座县城将实现真正意义上的脱胎换骨。向家坝库区建成后，尽管这座有着千年历史的县城将沉入湖底，但是，作为国家级贫困县，由于它的地缘劣势而与生俱来的缺陷，将随着新县城的搬迁而重新焕发生机。屏山县新址距离宜宾市只有30多公里，这为屏山实现经济重构带来了一次革命性的机遇。 然而，相对于库区移民能够以新的视点构筑他们的未来相比，技术官员们更加注重的是电站产生的综合效益。众所周知，水库的泥沙淤积问题一直是三峡工程的心腹之患。金沙江是长江主要的产沙河段，长江三分之一的水量、二分之一的泥沙来自金沙江。经过论证和计算，专家们认为，作为长江上游金沙江干流上的两大水电站，向家坝和溪洛渡两大电站以联合运行60年匡算，可为三峡水库拦沙120多亿吨，从而延长三峡水库的使用寿命。国家发展改革委副主任张国宝一直主张应有序开发和利用金沙江水电资源，后来，在国家能源部呼之欲出，又一时难产的大背景下，张兼任了国家能源局局长，张在接媒体采访时发出的信息非常明确，张说：“溪洛渡、向家坝水电站在当年论证三峡工程的时候就被很热烈地讨论过。论证的结果是：先建三峡电站，同时一定要尽快建设溪洛渡和向家坝电站。” 对于水电资源的开发，张国宝主张“在保护生态基础上有序开发”。张提出这个观点是有感而发，因为在怒江水电开发问题上，曾有反对者提出要“敬畏自然”。张回应这个说法时站得显然要更高一些。他肯定水电开发引起自然环境的改变而对生态产生何种影响应当进行认真评估，并且在建设中予以重视。但是，我们不能因此而走向另一个极端，就是对于一切改变河流原生态的行为都不赞成，甚至提出人要敬畏自然。所以，张国宝认为，人不能违背自然规律去蛮干，但是倘若人完全听任自然的摆布，在自然面前完全无所作为，也是不对的。在历史上已经有过多次人改变自然现状而获得有效生态的例子，能说都江堰没有改变当时河流的状态吗？但都江堰到底发挥了什么作用，历史已经作出了回答。现在建设的很多水电站，对环境的影响也是利大于弊。张国宝以浙江的新安江水电站为例来支持他的观点，新安江水电站建成后成为优美的景区，而且还优化了周边的小气候，降低了夏季的温度，加大了冬季的降水。张还列举了四川二滩水电站，当初二滩在建设时也有不少非议，但现在很多到过二滩的人都说，那里的山变得比以前更绿了，因为水电站的建成使得周围降雨更加均匀。 作为西电东送的骨干电站，国家电网公司选择特高压输电线路将溪洛渡与向家坝的电能远距离输往华东地区。建设中的向家坝至上海正负800千伏特高压直流输电示范工程是眼下世界上电压等级最高、输送容量最大、输电距离最长的直流输电工程。它西起四川复龙换流站，东止上海奉贤换流站，将新建正负800千伏换流站两座，额定输送功率为640万千瓦，新建的一回正负800千伏直流输电线路其输电距离超过1900公里。这条罕见的银色巨龙将穿越四川、重庆、湖南、湖北、安徽、浙江、江苏和上海，其间将4次跨越长江。作为金沙江流域水电外送系列超大容量特高压直流工程中的领航工程，它翻越万水千山，为西电东送架起了一条高速公路。这条线路与长江的走向相同，它们发源于西部，却止于长江出海口。相同的是，长江的源头溪流淙淙，到了上海崇明而百川归海；而无论是溪洛渡还是向家坝，它们深藏高山峡谷，那儿的夜晚也许只是星光点点，但是，它们的电能最终到达的地方，却是一片繁华世界。 选择特高压作为“西电东送”的骨干输电线路，是由特高压输电线路的特征和中国的环境现状所决定的。具有陆上高速公里之称的特高压，顾名思义，它是一种电压等级高于超高压的输电线路，它的英文缩写是UHV。在中国，特高压的定义是指交流1000千伏和直流正负800千伏的电压等级。如果从专业的技术层面解释，对于普通电力客户来说，特高压似乎离他们很遥远。其实不然，在理解了陆上高速公路的好处后，就会发现，特高压对于提高电网输送能力所产生的作用，与陆上高速公路有异曲同工之妙。 公认的研究成果表明，一回路特高压直流电网可以输送600万千瓦电量，它相当于现有500千伏直流电网的5至6倍，而且送电距离也是后者的2至3倍。此外，据测算，输送同样功率的电量，如果采用特高压线路进行输电，就可以比采用500千伏超高压线路节省60%的土地资源。这个计算方法与输电线路的走廊有关，所谓输电线路走廊是指线路路径的通道，线路走廊宽度一般由地面电场强度满足有关要求来确定。按照我国环保标准规定，邻近民房的地面电场强度不大于每米4千伏的要求，500千伏线路走廊宽度为40至48米，而1000千伏线路走廊宽度为81至97米。由此可见，一回1000千伏电压输电线路的走廊宽度约为五回500千伏线路走廊宽度的40%，也就是说输送同样的功率，譬如500万千瓦，采用1000千伏线路输电与采用500千伏的线路相比，就可以节省60%的土地资源。因此，特高压输电不仅节省走廊的土地占用、减少土地的征用，也可以减少植被破坏和水土流失。 事实上，只要对中国资源和电力负荷分布特点稍稍作些了解，就会发现，在中国发展特高压输电技术其实没有那么神秘，它就像南水北调、西气东输一样，与我们的生活息息相关。众所周知，中国的一次能源在地域分布呈现北多南少、西多东少的格局，这种格局刚好与中国区域经济发展水平和能源消费水平成反比。所谓一次能源，是指自然界中以原有形式存在的、未经加工转换的能量资源。一次能源也称天然能源，包括化石燃料如原煤、原油、天然气等，核燃料、生物质能、水能、风能、太阳能、地热能、海洋能、潮汐能等。一次能源又分为可再生能源和不可再生能源，前者指能够重复产生的天然能源，如太阳能、风能、水能、生物质能等，这些能源均来自太阳，可以重复产生；后者用一点少一点，主要是各类化石燃料、核燃料。中国的一次能源分布以煤炭为例，昆仑山、秦岭、大别山以北，煤炭资源的保有储量占到了全国的90.3%；而大兴安岭、太行山、雪峰山以西的煤炭保有储量占到85.98%。那么中国的用电中心负荷区，也就是通常的负荷中心则集中在环渤海的京津冀、长江三角洲的华东六省一市以及珠江三角洲地区的广东，这些地方是中国经济最发达也是最活跃的地区，但是它们的煤炭保有储量全部相加也只不过是7.0%。再来看水电资源，90%以上集中在京广铁路以西，西部12个省区所占的比例是全国的79.3%，仅四川、西藏和云南三省区就占了57%，而东部沿海12个省市只占了8.9%。从一次能源的分布特点分析，把中西部的一次能源转换成电力向东部沿海经济发达地区输送，应该没有人会持异议。 如何将中西部地区相对丰富的一次能源转化为电能后外送，国家决策层早有考虑，西电东送就是主要的运行方式。因为无论是现有电量消费能力，还是若干年后全社会用电消费水平，华东、华北与华南都将毫无争议地坐上前三把交椅。预测的结果可能会有一些误差，但应当相信它的相对准确性，大约10年后，上述三个区域的新增用电量将占到全国的三分之二以上，可是，这些地区缺乏一次能源也是人人皆知，即使不考虑运输能力，仅仅从环境保护考虑，在人口密集、大型特大型中心城市集中的地区建设大量煤电机组来满足社会用电需求显然不是最好的解决办法。而实行大容量、远距离的水电和煤电的输送，是优化中国能源资源配置的最佳选择。西电东送的目的，就是要解决一次能源分布不匀的问题，但是，现有西部大型电站送出的距离和容量已经超出了现在正在运行的500千伏线路的能力，换言之，由500千伏线路来承担西电东送这样浩大的国家工程，已经有些力不从心。从技术和经济两个方面进行分析，在1000公里左右的输电距离，最好的选择就是进行特高压输电，这种输电方式看起来很有竞争力。此外，特高压输电在节省输电走廊，改善中国电网结构，以及促进中国输变电制造业的自主创新方面也具有不可替代的优势。因此，如果从宏观面认可特高压输电，在技术上实现特高压交流输电其实不存在不可克服的困难。 2009年1月19日，《人民日报》刊载一条题为“我国自主研建的首个特高压交流输变电工程投运”消息，消息称，国家电网公司15日在北京宣布：我国自主研发、设计和建设的具有自主知识产权的1000千伏交流输变电工程——晋东南—南阳—荆门特高压交流试验示范工程近日顺利通过试运行，正式投运。该工程是目前世界上运行电压最高、输送能力最大、代表国际输变电技术最高水平的特高压交流输变电工程，它的建成在我国乃至世界电力发展史上都具有重要意义，它标志着我国在远距离、大容量、低损耗的特高压【UHV】核心技术和设备国产化上取得重大突破，对优化能源资源配置，保障国家能源安全和电力可靠供应具有重要意义。由《人民日报》来发表这样一条消息当然是颇为合适的，因为就新闻价值而言，“世界第一”就足以吸引读者眼球。而美国电力公司电力输送服务部门的一位负责人在读到这个消息后告诉他的同事：“从经济学和可靠性的角度来看，中国的想法确实走在了前面。” 随着中国大陆境内首条特高压交流示范工程的竣工，接下去的特高压建设就势如潮水般不可阻挡了。四川向家坝至上海奉贤正负800千伏直流示范工程已经全线开工建设。紧接着，四川锦屏至江苏苏南正负800千伏直流工程于2008年年底也通过了国家核准。云南至广东第一回正负800千伏直流输电通道已经建成，这项工程也是世界上第一个特高压直流输电工程，作为南方电网“十一五”西电东送的主要输电通道，它汇集云南小湾、金安桥等水电站的电力输送广东，输电距离全长1417公里。送端换流站选定在云南楚雄州禄丰县，受端换流站则选定在广州的增城市。 从这个发展趋势和速度来看，规划到2020年国家电网公司特高压电网输送容量超过2.6亿千瓦的可能性是存在的，到那时，国家电网将建成覆盖华北—华中—华东的交流特高压同步电网，同时建设西南大型水电基地正负800千伏特高压直流送出工程，共同构成连接各大电源基地和主要负荷中心的特高压交直流混合电网。这个规划如果能够获得实现，那么东部地区将减少发电装机约2500万千瓦，每年减少东部地区煤炭和铁路运输量4.8亿吨标准煤，减排二氧化碳约13.7亿吨、二氧化硫约1075万吨、氮氧化物约140万吨。如果这个目标得以实现，那么在中国东南部的负荷中心，例如上海、南京、苏州、杭州、济南、福州、厦门