Chapter 54 Chapter 53 The Liaohe River enters the sea water and is light and clear——Scattered Notes on Water Control in Liaoning

Water is not only the source of life, but also the executioner of life. If you don't control it, you will suddenly be slaughtered by it at any time. Water is also the lifeblood of human beings.If the pulse of life is sick, it will be fatal if it is not treated for a long time. Therefore, treating water is like curing a disease and saving lives. How can a nation prosper without water control?How can a country develop without water treatment?How can a region be prosperous without water treatment? Liaoning is the eldest son of heavy industry in the Republic, and it is also a large agricultural province, but it is also one of the provinces with key shortages of water resources.Water is not only the lifeblood of agriculture, but also the pillar of industry. This fatal contradiction forces Liaoning, which must make due contributions to the revitalization of the country, to pay special attention to water control.

The history of China's water conservancy tells us that in the 60 years since the founding of New China, the country has been controlling water every year, and it is a period in history that attaches the most importance to water conservancy construction.However, the provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions covering a vast land of 9.6 million square kilometers have different geographical locations and water resource environments, as well as their own water control experience and characteristics. Liaoning Province covers an area of ​​145,900 square kilometers, with a water area of ​​10,000 square kilometers and a sea area of ​​150,200 square kilometers, which is like "six mountains, one water and three fields".There are 392 rivers with a drainage area of ​​more than 100 square kilometers, of which 344 have a drainage area of ​​less than 1,000 square kilometers; 31 rivers have a drainage area of ​​more than 1,000 square kilometers but less than 5,000 square kilometers; There are 17 entries.It mainly consists of the three major water systems of the Liaohe River, the Yalu River and the Daling River, and the 2,920-kilometer coastline of the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea.The three major water systems flow into the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea respectively.Liaoning is located on the eastern coast of Asia and the northern coast of the Pacific Ocean. The temperature varies greatly throughout the year, and the rainfall is extremely uneven. The unique natural environment has caused natural disasters such as floods and droughts to occur frequently in Liaoning Province. In the past 200 years, more than 130 floods have occurred. times, including 45 local floods and 16 catastrophic floods, which occur once every 1.5 years on average.Droughts occurred 87 times, an average of 2.3 years, including 16 major droughts.Therefore, Liaoning is not only a key shortage of water resources, but also an area where natural disasters such as floods and droughts frequently occur, and the task of water control and disaster relief is bound to be heavy.In the past, the water control in Liaoning was to control the water of rivers and rivers, and the goal was to control floods and droughts. In recent years, under the guidance of scientific development, it has developed into a grand concept of water control that combines river control, sea control and pollution control. up.That’s why my account of water control in Liaoning is titled “The Liaohe River enters the sea and the sea is light and clear”. Every word in the title has been carefully considered: the Liaohe River system accounts for about 40% of Liaoning’s water resources, and history once formed the Liaohe River. Civilization is the cultural symbol of Liaoning, so the Liao River in the title of this article symbolizes and represents the river water resources in Liaoning. The word "Ru" indicates the smoothness and firmness of the waterway on the way of the Liaohe River flowing into the sea.The sea represents 2920 kilometers of coastline waters.In recent years, with the deepening of the reform and opening up of the whole of China, the concept of Liaoning people is also undergoing major changes.Due to the historical shadow of fourteen years of Japanese rule, the people of Liaoning were too afraid of foreign aggression. Outward development of coastal development.It is the impetus of the scientific development concept that makes Liaoning take a beautiful turn, turning its back to the land and facing the sea, and it has completely reformed and opened up and developed outward.The 2,920-kilometer coastline of the Liaoning section of the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea connects the six regional cities of Dandong, Dalian, Yingkou, Panjin, Jinzhou, and Huludao. Under the support of the central government and the direct command of the provincial party committee and government, they jointly set off a vigorous " The construction of the “Six Points and One Line Coastal Economic Belt” actually starts with the treatment of the 2920 waterfront, reclamation and embankment, the construction of ports around the sea, and the cleaning of the sea to prevent pollution. It is also a new water control movement.As a result, Liaoning has chosen "Liaohai" to replace the original "Liaohe" as its own civilization and cultural symbol.For this reason, I once wrote an essay "Liaoning by the Sea" to show Liaoning's geography and water location.

Readers may misunderstand whether the word "light" in the title of this article is connected with "clear", whether it is a misuse or a proofreading error.no.Light is relative to heavy.The current water is too heavy to bear. The sediment and sundries, plus a lot of industrial pollution, also bring too much pressure to people's survival, so the burden must be reduced and lightened.It is self-evident that the water is so filthy that it cannot be used for drinking, bathing or farming, and it is impossible for people to see it.Clearness is not only people's expectation, but also a fact after governance. Of course, it is also relative to the unclearness of the past.

1. In ancient times, Liaoning belonged to the border area outside the Guan, with a vast land and few people, and it was developed later than the Central Plains.It was not until 1436, the first year of Ming Dynasty Zhengtong, that there was the earliest record of social water control activities: "Wu Kai, the governor of Liaodong, built embankments in Guangning [now Beizhen City] and Haizhou [now Haicheng City]." 2. It was not until the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty [1662-1722] that the embankment of the Liao River began to be built.In the 22nd year of Guangxu [1896], the Jian River [Shuangtaizi River] was excavated in Panshan, and when it was completed in the second year, the Liaohe River had a history of diverting and discharging floods.

3. In the early days of the Republic of China, the Fengtian Provincial Water Conservancy Bureau organized the construction of a paddy field irrigation project that diverted water from the Hun River. The waterway was 13 kilometers long from the east of Shenyang City to the southwest of Beiling, and cultivated more than 10,000 mu of rice fields.In order to maintain the water depth of the Liaohe River and shorten the distance of the lower reaches of the Liaohe River, in the 11th year of the Republic of China (1922), the Yingkou Liaohe Engineering Bureau excavated an artificial canal between the Liaohe River and the Shuangtaizi River, the Xinkai River, and established it in Erdao River. A large-scale barrage, the Macedonian sluice, will be built below the bridge to match the artificial canal.Both projects were completed in the 13th year of the Republic of China.

4. During the fall of the Northeast, the Puppet Ministry of Communications built a Naodehai Reservoir on the Liu River in the 31st year of the Republic of China [1942], with the main function of flood and sediment retention. In general, the water conservancy foundation in the old China and Liaoning area was very weak. The following figures are the footnotes of the word "very": before the founding of new China, there were only 5 reservoirs, 4 ponds and dams, 65 There are irrigation stations, 156 electromechanical wells, 910,000 mu of irrigation area, 4,000 mu of flood control area, and more than 2,000 kilometers of low embankments.Water conservancy facilities are small in scale, low in standards, and in disrepair for a long time. They cannot withstand floods and droughts at all, and there is no guarantee for the safety of people's lives and property and agricultural production.

After the founding of New China, Liaoning had to face the extremely weak and dilapidated water conservancy foundation left by the old China, as well as continuous natural disasters of floods and droughts.In the 40 years from 1949 to 1990 alone, there were 26 floods in Liaoning, with an average of once every 1.6 years, including 4 catastrophic floods, with an average of 10.5 years, and 13 general floods, with an average of 3.2 years; the frequency of droughts also increased. Moreover, there have been droughts for 9 and 10 consecutive years, and there have been complex floods and droughts in the same year, such as drought in the west and flood in the east, and drought first and then flood.

The governments at all levels in Liaoning, New China, led the people to carry out large-scale water conservancy construction, and adopted measures such as building embankments, building stations, digging ditches, digging wells and opening canals, intercepting and diverting water, storing energy for power generation, and protecting mountains and soil to comprehensively develop water conservancy. and water energy resources, and comprehensively manage natural disasters such as floods, floods, droughts, and alkalis.According to statistics from the founding of New China to the end of 1990, the province invested 7.7 billion yuan in water conservancy construction, invested 23.6 billion man-days, used 7.9 billion cubic meters of earth and stone, and built 110,000 various water conservancy projects.Water conservancy projects are dotted all over the land of Liaoning, and the renovation of rivers has begun to bear fruit.These water conservancy projects have effectively protected cultivated land, protected urban and rural flood control safety, expanded irrigated farmland area, controlled soil erosion, solved the problems of drinking water for people and livestock in most rural areas and improved water supply for disease prevention and fluorine prevention, and basically met the needs of agriculture. Water, industrial water and urban domestic water needs.

During the 40 years from the founding of New China to 1990, the water conservancy construction in Liaoning Province can be roughly divided into five periods. The recovery of the national economy and the "First Five-Year Plan" period [1949-1957].In the early days of the founding of New China, a lot of waste was waiting to be rebuilt, the country's economy was very difficult, and the investment in basic construction was relatively small.In view of the disrepair of river embankments for many years and low standards at that time, the restoration and renovation of major river embankments such as Liaohe River, Hunhe River, Taizi River, and Raoyang River were focused. Flood control investment accounted for about half of the investment in water conservancy infrastructure at this stage, and repaired Some irrigation works. In 1952, the province's paddy field area increased by 200,000 mu compared with 1949.At the same time, the survey design and construction preparation work of the Dahuofang Reservoir Project was started.The country started its first five-year plan in 1953, and under the guidance of the general line during the transition period and the idea that "water conservancy is the lifeblood of agriculture", the pace of water conservancy construction has increased. From 1953 to 1957, the cumulative investment in water conservancy infrastructure was nearly 200 million yuan, and the average annual investment was about 22 times that of the national economic recovery period [1949-1952].During this period, efforts were mainly concentrated on the construction of the Hunhe Dahuofang Reservoir Project, which played a major role in flood control and irrigation. A total of 162 million yuan was invested in five years, accounting for 81% of the investment in water conservancy infrastructure during the same period.The project started in 1954 and was completed in 1958. The project is of excellent quality and has a total storage capacity of 2.187 billion cubic meters. It has basically controlled the flood of the Hun River and provided water for 1.29 million mu of paddy fields downstream.

The period of "Great Leap Forward", the transformation of people's communes and the adjustment of the national economy [1958-1965]. Since 1958, the national economy has entered the period of the Second Five-Year Plan, affected by the nationwide "Great Leap Forward" and the People's Commune Movement, coupled with the three-year natural disasters that began in 1960, which seriously interfered with the normal development of water conservancy construction. In 1958, under the influence of the exaggerated slogan of "elimination of waterlogging in one year, water conservancy in two years", water conservancy construction appeared a situation of pursuing high indicators, rushing together, and developing blindly. From 1958 to 1960, the average annual investment in water conservancy capital construction reached 110 million yuan, and the construction of water conservancy projects exceeded any previous period. The province built 236 valley reservoirs, including 29 large-scale reservoirs, and 52 new plain reservoirs. Internet. In 1958, before the completion of the Dahuofang Reservoir, large-scale water conservancy projects such as the Qinghe Reservoir on the tributaries of the Liaohe River and the Mojiabao Gate of the Hunhe River began. From 1959 to 1961, the Shajianzi Reservoir of the Hunjiang River, the Baishi Reservoir of the Daling River, the Liwo Reservoir of the Taizi River, the Shifosi Reservoir of the Liaohe River and the Shuangtaizi River Gate of Yingkou were built, with a total investment of 56.05 million yuan in three years. In 1960, the construction of Shenpan Xinhe started, with an investment of 5.36 million yuan in that year. From 1958 to 1960, due to the large scale of infrastructure construction, which exceeded the financial, material and technical possibilities of the country, many projects were forced to stop. million in losses.Plain reservoirs and river network projects flooded and occupied a large amount of cultivated land, resulting in salinization of cultivated land around the reservoir area, and 41 of the 52 plain reservoirs had to be abandoned and returned to fields.Qinghe Reservoir was also designed, revised and constructed during the "Great Leap Forward" period. It was planned to be completed in three years, but the main project was put into use in one year and eight months. Later, due to a major landslide in the spillway in 1964, it was postponed to 1966. It was just completed.During this period, some large reservoirs built mainly by migrant workers in various cities and counties stopped construction halfway, some dam foundations leaked seriously for a long time after completion, and became dangerous reservoirs, and some were destroyed by water and caused heavy losses.Since 1961, the national economy has implemented the policy of "adjustment, consolidation, enrichment, and improvement". Liaoning Province has reduced the scale of water conservancy infrastructure, greatly reduced investment in water conservancy, stopped a number of projects under construction, and concentrated its efforts on continued construction and supporting facilities. project. From 1961 to 1965, three large reservoirs, including Qinghe, Nanchengzi, and Gongshanzui, and other small and medium-sized reservoir projects were completed successively. A number of water conservancy projects with many problems, endangering flood control safety, no guarantee of water source, and little benefit were eliminated. The situation of blind development of water conservancy construction has been reversed.In addition to the continued construction and matching of some large and medium-sized reservoir projects, 3,182 new electromechanical wells were added in the province, bringing the total to 7,400; 218 irrigation stations were added, bringing the total to 1,293; and 72 drainage stations were added, bringing the total to 77.The province's actual irrigation area increased by 600,000 mu, reaching a total of 4.56 million mu; the flood control area increased by 1.82 million mu, and the total reached 2.44 million mu; the water and soil conservation area increased by 7.84 million mu, and the total reached 16.07 million mu; the river embankment increased by 2,000 kilometers, The total reached 3979 kilometers.In order to solve the problem of "emphasizing construction and ignoring management" in water conservancy construction during the "Great Leap Forward", according to the requirements of the "Ten Opinions on Strengthening Water Conservancy Management" put forward by the Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power in 1962, the province strengthened water conservancy management. In the larger reservoirs and irrigation areas, grass-roots management institutions have been established and improved, and professionals have been equipped. In 1962, the Provincial People's Committee promulgated the "Irrigation District Water Fee Collection and Management Measures", carried out water planning and water conservation, focused on promoting the experience of shallow wet irrigation, increased the income of management units, and reversed a number of reservoir and irrigation district management units. In the past, it has suffered losses and relied on state subsidies for a long time.Generally speaking, although the water conservancy construction during the "Great Leap Forward" period was disturbed and influenced by "leftist" mistakes, many problems arose.However, most projects were launched during this period. After subsequent adjustments and renovations, many projects have played a very good role and laid a certain foundation for the province's water conservancy construction.

During the Cultural Revolution [1966-1976].During this period, national investment in water conservancy increased, and the scale of water conservancy infrastructure continued to expand.However, under the influence of "leftist" thinking, the "flat style" and "exaggerated style" in water conservancy construction have risen again. From 1966 to 1976, the national water conservancy construction investment in Liaoning Province reached 1.19 billion yuan, which was 1.37 times the sum of the 17 years from 1949 to 1965; 3.844 billion cubic meters of earthwork was completed, more than three times the amount of earthwork completed in 1949-1965.Under the slogans of "Learning from Dazhai in Agriculture" and "Constructing a high-yield and stable-yield field for one person, one mu, drought and flood protection", many places, regardless of the capacity of the masses, engaged in basic farmland construction, engaged in large-scale wars, and blindly pursued progress. The completed investment and project volume exceeded At any time in the past, many basic engineering work could not keep up, the quality was poor, there were many left-over work, many remaining problems, the completion of supporting projects was delayed, and the loss and waste were serious. During this period, 720 new reservoirs were added in the province, including 11 large reservoirs, 16 medium-sized reservoirs, and 693 small-scale reservoirs, bringing the total number of reservoirs to 992.Among the various types of reservoirs that have been built, 90% have problems such as low engineering standards, poor construction quality, and unsuitable projects. Reservoir safety needs to be reinforced to ensure the safety of the reservoirs.The Taizihe Canwo Reservoir, which was directly invested and constructed by the province, resumed construction in 1970. Due to the one-sided pursuit of progress during construction, the concrete pouring of the dam was not operated according to the specifications, and cracks appeared in the dam body before the project was completed. After completion in 1972, the dam body The cracks continued to develop and became a dangerous reservoir. The water level had to be lowered for use, and after several times of danger elimination and reinforcement, it was transferred to normal operation.Construction of the Chaihe Reservoir started hastily in October 1972. Under the slogan of "three-year task completed in two years", the construction was one-sided and did not follow the design requirements. After the dam was completed, it formed a "rubber dam". There were cracks in the spillway gate wall and weir body, and they were forced to reinforce them in 1976. This alone wasted 24.52 million yuan of funds.In terms of farmland water conservancy construction, under the influence of the slogan of "innovating new ones and building big ones", they did not proceed from reality and set up dryland irrigation areas without distinguishing between regional conditions, excavated canals around mountains, and built "heroic aqueducts" to carry out Multi-level water lifting irrigation is a huge project, requires a lot of labor, requires a lot of investment, and has high management and operation costs.After the completion of some irrigation districts, the land is uneven and cannot be used to benefit, or even abandoned halfway. From 1967 to 1976, although the effective irrigated area increased by 7.98 million mu to a total of 14.15 million mu, the actual irrigated area of ​​cultivated land in 1976 (excluding fruit trees, forest land, etc.) was only 10.44 million mu, accounting for 74% of the effective irrigated area , 11% lower than in 1966. From 1974 to 1976, the whole province "fighted the battle of waterlogging control and annihilation", invested 62.36 million yuan in waterlogging control in three years, and built a number of drainage stations and drainage ditches.By 1976, the province's preliminary flood control area reached 12.29 million mu.However, there are many remaining problems. 40% of the drainage ditches at all levels in the flooded areas of the province have not reached the design standards, and there are still 36,000 supporting bridges and culverts.Therefore, although the drainage outlet meets the drainage standard of once in five years or more, the internal ditch system in the flooded area does not meet the outlet standard, resulting in poor drainage and cannot fully play its role.Liaoning began to vigorously build electromechanical wells in 1973, and a total of 60,000 electromechanical wells were added within 4 years. In 1976, the province's supporting electromechanical wells reached 92,000 wells.However, due to the influence of the slogan of "building one person, one mu, drought and flood protection, high yield and stable yield", regardless of the groundwater situation, they engaged in "ordered well drilling" and blindly pursued indicators. As a result, the layout of the wells was unreasonable, the water source was not guaranteed, and some wells could not produce water. , Some wells dry up in drought and become abandoned wells. In the past 10 years, although 3,882 kilometers of embankments have been newly added [mainly embankments of small and medium-sized rivers], under the slogan of "the river is surrounded by mountains and the road is adjacent to the side", Jiahe dams have been implemented to minimize the flood discharge section of the river. As a result, there are many floods every year during the flood season. The Jiahe Dam was washed away, which not only failed to protect the farmland, but caused the harm of water washing and sand pressing on the cultivated land. In the past 10 years, the province's soil erosion control area has increased by 15.73 million mu, reaching a total of 33.2 million mu.Due to the low quality of the water and soil protection project, the management and protection work cannot keep up, so that it cannot make good use of the project benefits.On the contrary, due to deforestation in mountainous areas, severe land reclamation on steep slopes, and new areas of soil and water loss continue to increase, forming a situation where governance is accompanied by destruction, and even the speed of destruction is faster than the speed of governance. Historical turning point and the period of the "Sixth Five-Year Plan" [1977-1985].After the end of the Cultural Revolution, after a series of efforts to bring order out of chaos, water conservancy work also experienced a historic turning point.Since 1980, the scale of water conservancy infrastructure has been reduced. Governments at all levels and water conservancy departments have changed their one-sidedness of focusing on construction and neglecting management, and emphasizing backbone and neglecting supporting facilities. Use it up.During this period, although the country's investment in water conservancy decreased and there were not many new projects, the work of water conservancy still made great progress, giving full play to the role of water conservancy projects in industrial and agricultural production.The province's actual irrigation area increased from 8.68 million mu in 1977 to 9.97 million mu in 1980, an increase of 14.86%.During the Sixth Five-Year Plan period, Liaoning's water conservancy work further developed. By the end of 1985, the province's irrigated farmland area reached 10.3 million mu, of which the paddy field area reached 7.73 million mu, an increase of 1.71 million mu compared with 1980.Especially from 1984 to 1985, in order to transform the middle and low-yield fields in the central region, a unified plan was implemented in the paddy field well irrigation areas in the central region. Within two years, 5,000 new paddy field wells were drilled, and 820,000 mu of paddy fields were developed, bringing the province's well-irrigated paddy fields to 1.11 million mu.In terms of waterlogging control, we focused on the dredging and expansion of the ditch system and supporting the canal buildings. In five years, a total of 100 million cubic meters of silt was dredged, and 20,000 supporting bridges, culverts, and gates were built.The area of ​​water and soil erosion control in the province increased from 38.79 million mu in 1980 to 44.99 million mu in 1985, of which the area of ​​small watershed control reached 6.83 million mu. Before 1980, the province only solved the problem of drinking water for 419,400 people and 130,000 livestock. By 1985, it had solved the problem of drinking water for 1.3968 million people and 516,600 livestock.Among them, the number of people with drinking water difficulties from 1980 to 1985 was 2.3 times that of before 1980, and the number of livestock with drinking water difficulties was three times that of before 1980. The province also carried out a comprehensive survey of the original electromechanical wells, and re-adjusted to eliminate some idle waste wells, reducing the number of electromechanical wells from 97,700 in 1980 to 81,500 in 1985, but the average unit of electromechanical wells Well benefit increased from 40 mu to 60 mu. By summarizing experience, the past concept of water conservancy serving agriculture has been changed, and the direction of water conservancy serving the entire national economy has been established.In order to better meet the water needs of various departments, the province carried out a water resource survey in 1979, and carried out water resource balance work according to the province's industrial, agricultural and urban domestic water needs. Under such circumstances, in 1980 alone, 11.378 billion cubic meters of water was actually supplied to various sectors of the national economy.Among them, agriculture and animal husbandry use 7.787 billion cubic meters, accounting for 68.4% of the total water consumption; industrial water consumption is 2.729 billion cubic meters, accounting for 24%; urban domestic water consumption is 488 million cubic meters, accounting for 4.3%; rural human and livestock water use is 374 million cubic meters, 3.3%. In 1984, the Ministry of Water Resources clarified the water conservancy reform policy of "comprehensive service, transition and transformation", that is, water conservancy should shift from serving agriculture to comprehensively serving the society; never focus on input and output to focus on improving economic benefits Orbit; from production service type to comprehensive operation type.With the continuous deepening of Liaoning's rural economic system reform, the province's water conservancy project management system has also undergone new changes. In 1982, the six major reservoirs of Qinghe, Chaihe, Dahuofang, Shenwo, Tanghe, and Naodehai were placed under the unified management of the Provincial Water Conservancy Department, and various forms of economic responsibility systems were generally implemented by water conservancy management units at all levels in the province.According to different situations, various management forms such as unification, contracting and renting have been adopted in various places to promote the development of water conservancy construction and management.More than 600 collectively managed small reservoirs in the province have implemented the contract responsibility system, accounting for 68% of the total number of small reservoirs.While strengthening water conservancy management, water conservancy comprehensive management has also developed rapidly. Water conservancy management units in various places have made full use of their advantages in water and land resources and technical equipment to vigorously develop comprehensive management, which has changed the passive situation of simple management projects in the past and promoted the development of water conservancy. And benign operation, water conservancy comprehensive operating income reached more than 100 million yuan, water fee income of more than 60 million yuan. The "Seventh Five-Year Plan" period [1986-1990].With the continuous deepening of reform and opening up, the province's water conservancy undertakings are closely centered on improving agricultural production conditions and providing flood control safety guarantees for national economic and social development, and further develop in accordance with the policy of "strengthening management and emphasizing economic benefits". In 1988, the "Water Law of the People's Republic of China" was promulgated and implemented, which brought new opportunities for strengthening water administration. The province began to move towards a new stage of water control according to law, which initially changed the situation of "multi-dragon water control". In order to comprehensively improve the ability of the Liaohe River to resist floods, the CPC Liaoning Provincial Committee and the provincial government listed the regulation of the Liaohe River as a strategic project for the development of the national economy in the province. In January 1986, the Provincial People's Congress made the "Resolution on the Regulation of the Liaohe River".The improvement of the main stream of the Liaohe River began in 1986. After 5 years of hard work, 17.65 million man-days were invested, nearly 1,000 kilometers of embankments were built, 100 million cubic meters of earth and stone were completed, 209 structures crossing embankments were rebuilt and expanded, and 87 river control projects were completed. , to build 140,000 mu of embankment forests, so that the flood control standard of the main stream of the Liaohe River was raised from less than 5 years to 20 years.In order to open up a new water source for benefit and eliminate harm, the Guanyinge Reservoir was built on the Taizi River. In May 1990, the main project of the dam and the power station was officially started.This project has carried out a bold exploration in the utilization of foreign capital, introduced Japanese Overseas Cooperation Fund loans of 18.062 billion yen, and adopted advanced management systems such as the new technology of Japanese roller compacted concrete dam construction and the owner responsibility system, bidding and contracting system, and project construction supervision system. In this way, valuable experience has been accumulated for the construction of water conservancy projects in the whole province. During the "Seventh Five-Year Plan" period, the province generally established a leadership flood control responsibility system under which administrative heads at all levels take overall responsibility, cleared more than 100 large, medium and small rivers, cleared more than 3,500 acres of water-blocking trees, and relocated more than 7,600 houses on river beaches . The consecutive floods in 1985 and 1986 fully exposed the problems of Liaoning’s poor disaster resistance of water conservancy infrastructure and inadequate farmland capital construction. Especially after the implementation of the rural household production contract responsibility system, how to organize farmers to carry out farmland capital construction has become a The first problem to be solved. In 1987, the provincial government summed up and popularized Fengcheng County’s experience in organizing the masses to control mountains and water, and decided to carry out the province-wide development to improve agricultural production conditions as the main direction of attack, with flood control and waterlogging, water and soil conservation, and construction of drought- and flood-guaranteed fields as the main content. The "Dayu Cup" competition for farmland capital construction with labor accumulation as the main means.The provincial government approved the establishment of a rural water conservancy labor accumulation system, introduced a competition mechanism, and implemented "rewards instead of subsidies" for water conservancy fees, which fully mobilized the enthusiasm of all regions to carry out farmland infrastructure construction. During the "Seventh Five-Year Plan" period, 484 million manpower was invested in the basic construction of farmland in the province, 2.1 billion cubic meters of earth and stone were completed, and 770 million yuan was raised by the masses.The province has developed a total of 1.98 million mu of paddy fields, drilled 10,438 wells, added 2.39 million mu of actual irrigation area, completed 4.92 million mu of flood control area, and solved the drinking water difficulties of 915,000 people and 267,000 livestock.In terms of water and soil conservation, we should adhere to prevention first, strengthen supervision and management, rectify and enrich management and protection institutions and teams, and carry out activities to meet standards and create excellence in small watersheds. In the past five years, the province has completed 12.77 million mu of soil erosion control.In the construction of farmland water conservancy, advanced technology was actively promoted with the theme of water saving, and 11 model counties for pipeline water delivery were arranged and implemented. The large-scale farmland capital construction has achieved remarkable results; good harvest.During this period, the first phase of the middle and low-yield field reconstruction project in the central region was completed, and the second phase of the project began in 1989. By the end of the "Seventh Five-Year Plan", 3,787 wells were newly drilled, 1,970 old wells were renovated, and 264,500 mu of paddy fields were developed. , Adding 551,000 mu of irrigated wheat fields. During the "Seventh Five-Year Plan" period, the province's water control work in accordance with the law started in an all-round way, thoroughly publicized and implemented the "Water Law", strengthened the construction of legislation and law enforcement teams, and started to formulate relevant local supporting regulations. In 1990, the Standing Committee of the Provincial People's Congress reviewed and passed the "Liaoning Provincial Congress Interim Regulations on Water Resources Protection and Management of Huofang Reservoir.New steps have been taken in the construction of water administration. By the end of 1989, 11 municipal water conservancy bureaus in the province had established water administration agencies, and more than half of the 74 counties and districts had specified water administration agencies or designated special personnel to be in charge of water administration work.The unified management of water resources has been strengthened. The water administrative departments at all levels in the province have established water resource management offices, basically forming a system of unified charging by the water administrative departments. Some areas have begun to trial the unified issuance of water permits. Under the impetus of rectification and deepening reform, in accordance with the requirements of the Ministry of Water Resources to put water management on the track of a virtuous cycle as soon as possible, the water resources departments at all levels in the province continued to establish and improve the related systems of raising water with water and raising water with electricity. policy.The first is to adjust the water price, which was adjusted twice in 1989 and 1990; the second is to establish a small hydropower development fund to promote the development of small hydropower. In the past five years, 6 hydropower stations have been built and put into operation in the province. 270 million kwh; the third is to continue to develop comprehensive management of water conservancy, focusing on fishery production.By the end of the "Seventh Five-Year Plan", the output of fish farming in the province's reservoirs reached 8 million kilograms, of which the Dahuofang Reservoir exceeded 1.3 million kilograms, and the yield per mu exceeded 15 kilograms, making it the reservoir with the highest yield in the Three North Region.The province's reservoir management work has entered the national advanced ranks. In 1988, in the national evaluation of large-scale reservoir economic benefit indicators, Qinghe and Dahuofang reservoirs were ranked first and second respectively. Liaoning controls water every year, and has both successful experiences and painful lessons.For example, during the People's Commune and the "Great Leap Forward" movement from 1958 to 1960, "exaggeration" and "big office style" prevailed, and a large number of water conservancy projects were built blindly. A considerable number of projects ended up being poor due to insufficient financial resources and project quality. Something goes wrong.The number of water conservancy projects built during the Cultural Revolution exceeded any previous period. However, due to disrespect for science, many projects flocked to it, and engaged in the so-called "simultaneous survey, design, and construction". It was destroyed by floods, causing heavy losses to the country and people's lives and property. The vigorous water control in the "Great Leap Forward" and the Cultural Revolution lacked scientific proof, and they only wanted to be fast and more, rather than long-term.This kind of reckless practice that wastes people's money and violates the rules is not only rooted in ignorance, but also has the idea of ​​eager for quick success and instant benefit, and loves great achievements, and its spirit is not commendable at all. In the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Dahuofang Reservoir, built in the Fushun section of the Liaohe River system, stands majestically among the ageless green mountains and green waters. In accordance with the procedures approved by the state, adhere to unified planning and design, unified construction quality, and unified completion acceptance standards, so that water conservancy projects can truly benefit the people and the country. Dahuofang Reservoir is the first large-scale water conservancy project designed and constructed by China in the first five-year plan of New China. It was also the second largest reservoir in the country at that time. Dahuofang Village.It controls a basin area of ​​5,437 square kilometers, accounting for 47.4% of the Hun River basin area, with a total storage capacity of 2.187 billion cubic meters.At the beginning, when the planning and design project was proposed, it was quite cautious and meticulous.One year after the founding of New China, in order to eradicate the Hunhe River flood in the Liaohe River system, the General Administration of Water Resources of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Northeast People's Government first made a thorough investigation and planning, and proposed the "Dahuofang Reservoir Planning Task Statement" in August 1952. In October, the Northeast People's Government decided to establish a Reservoir Engineering Bureau, and in the "Liaohe River Basin Planning Key Points" compiled by the Shenyang Survey and Design Institute of the Ministry of Water Resources, it was established that the Dahuofang Reservoir is a large-scale water conservancy project with multi-purpose comprehensive utilization focusing on flood control.The design plan clearly stipulates that "the earth dam is designed according to the first-class structure, that is, it is designed for the once-in-a-thousand-year flood, and it is checked for the once-in-10,000-year flood. Check in case of flood.” This is a majestic red-headed document of the People's Government, with a bright spot written in every word: "Designed with a once-in-a-thousand-year flood, checked with a once-in-a-thousand-year flood!" In June 1957, the Shenyang Survey and Design Institute of the Ministry of Water Resources proposed the "Report on Changing the Operation Mode of Hunhe Dahuofang Reservoir". That is, the weir crest of the main spillway was lowered by 3 meters, and gates were added; the flood control limit water level was raised from 118.3 meters to 126.2 meters, and the maximum water level was raised from 128.0 meters to 128.6 meters, increasing the net water consumption by 291 million cubic meters. In 1976 and 1977, the Liaoning Provincial Water Conservancy Survey and Design Institute proposed the design of the spillway reconstruction project and the design of the dam protection project, which increased the height of the earth dam and the second special spillway.The entire dam was completed and put into use just in 1958, when the country started the blind Great Leap Forward, so the scientific design, scientific construction, and scientific improvement of the reservoir basically conform to the laws of nature and were successfully built according to the laws of science.So far, the reservoir area is picturesque, the people live and work in peace and contentment, attracting tourists from all directions, and continues to play an irreplaceable role as the "leader" of Liaoning's water conservancy industry.Dahuofang Reservoir is my country's first large-scale water conservancy project designed, constructed and managed by itself. 100,000 water conservancy builders built a 49.2-meter-high dam in four years. Under the historical environment and technical conditions at that time , the project construction quality and management level of Dahuofang Reservoir are first-class in the country, and it is also a great milestone in the history of Liaoning water conservancy and even the national water conservancy construction. Dahuofang Reservoir has been built for more than 50 years and has created huge social and economic benefits.In terms of flood control and disaster reduction, the Dahuofang Reservoir Management Bureau has successively adjusted and stored 26 major floods, and the benefits of flood control and disaster reduction have reached 16 billion yuan.Today, 50 years later, the Dahuofang Reservoir is still being constructed and developed in accordance with this scientific spirit, and has been appraised by Liaoning Province as a leader in the water conservancy front. At present, the new phase of the water delivery project of the Dahuofang Reservoir is under construction and is nearing completion. The water transported and diverted not only flows through Anshan and Liaoyang, but also solves the water shortage in the seven cities in the central and southern regions of Liaoning in the first 30 years of the 21st century. The strategic hub project can effectively solve the problem of drinking water safety in these areas.The Dahuofang Reservoir water transfer project with an investment of more than 14 billion yuan includes: the first phase of water diversion from Liaodong to Fushun Dahuofang Reservoir, and the second phase of water transfer from Dahuofang Reservoir to central Fushun, Shenyang, Liaoyang, Anshan, Yingkou, and Panjin This is the largest water resource allocation project in the history of water conservancy in Liaoning Province.According to the province's water resources plan, by 2030 the water supply of the Dahuofang Reservoir Water Transfer Project will account for 40% to 50% of the total water supply of the six cities in central China, which is the lifeline of central and southern Liaoning.By then, the beneficiary population will exceed 10 million, and the GDP of the beneficiary areas will account for more than 80% of the province's total. This is a difficult but honorable task.Winter construction is very difficult, but it shows the humanistic care of engineering design.The person in charge of Liaoning Runzhong Company, which is in charge of the second phase of the Dahuofang Reservoir water delivery project, said: "Our winter construction will not affect agricultural production. After the project is over, the top of the water delivery tunnel will still be restored to rice fields." It is understood that during the construction process, this This project has created many miracles.The Dahuofang Reservoir Water Conveyance Tunnel Project is a high-risk project. During the construction process, construction workers are faced with the possibility of encountering various sudden geological disasters such as surrounding rock collapse, water gushing, and landslides.Due to the adoption of the world's advanced safety control measures and strict management methods throughout the project, no major safety accidents have occurred in this huge project so far, which is itself a miracle in the engineering world.In addition, this project used 3 full-section hard rock tunnel boring machines in the same tunnel, creating a record of 63.5 meters of daily excavation and 1,111 meters of monthly excavation. At the same time, it also created a world-class high-precision penetration with an error of 2 cm. record. The first and second phases of the Dahuofang Reservoir water delivery project are expected to be basically completed by the end of 2009. By then, the central and southern areas of Liaoning will be flooded with clear water.以大伙房水库输水工程为龙头的全省水资源优化配置工程建设全面推进，将彻底打破制约辽宁经济社会发展的资源瓶颈，为实现水资源可持续利用和辽宁老工业基地振兴提供有力支撑和保障。 大连是一个缺水的城市，人均拥有淡水资源是全国平均水平的四分之一，金州以南人均淡水资源量是全国的十六分之一。在这个火热的冬季，大伙房水库输水入连工程也已经正式开工。工程建成后，将改变大连地区缺水状况，改善大连经济社会发展环境，增强大连经济社会发展的后劲。工程新建输水线路全长222.17公里，年调水能力为3亿立方米，投资估算49.23亿元，预计2012年竣工用水。 大伙房水库二期工程全长10368米，外加三座支洞约1216米，共计约11584米，其中主隧洞开挖设计量约8954.9米。自2006年8月份正式开工以来，克服围岩软弱、埋深浅、变化大、富水、气候变化等施工难题和周边环境复杂、协调难度大等不良影响，科学组织，精心施工，顽强拼搏，在全线的隧洞开挖进度上一路领先。 这条长85.3公里直径8米的引水隧道彻底完工后，将会超过57.6公里的瑞士戈特哈尔德隧道，成为世界上最长的隧道。 这条高差36米、完全靠自流引水的隧道东起辽宁省桓仁满族自治县，西至辽宁省新宾满族自治县，隧道将穿越50余座山峰、50多条河谷、29条断层。地表到隧道顶端距离最大为630米，最小60米。建设这项名为“大伙房水库输水工程”的引水隧道，旨在引用优质充沛的辽东山区水源，供给辽宁省老工业基地的中部城市群，解决该地区百年内用水问题，受益人口近1000万。 面对滔滔洪水，面对生与死的考验，辽宁省各级领导干部，与人民风雨同舟，共同筑起了一道冲不垮的精神长堤。那精神长堤的“神”是谁？神都是人变的！时下老百姓供奉的财神关老爷，曾是三国时桃园三结义的关羽，因他为人最讲诚信忠义，而后来的实践证明，经商发大财者，最终必得靠诚实守信，所以关公才由人变为后世的财神。领导人民翻身得解放的伟大领袖毛主席，也变成底层百姓求幸福的大救星和拯救之神。 1994年的盛夏，曾经被举世闻名的辽沈战役打响了名字的锦州大地，忽然一反常态，从十年九旱的脾气一下变得大雨连绵，灌得它身边的大凌河水陡然上涨。 7月13日，辽西重镇锦州附近的河流都猛涨起来。锦州迅速遭受了洪水侵袭。知道这一情况后，正在省城沈阳开会的省委委员、锦州市委书记张鸣岐立即告别会场，当晚急忙驱车赶回锦州。他为什么能灾情就是命令，分秒不误连夜往回赶？他给党员干部讲课时曾这样说过：“共产党之所以能取得解放战争的胜利，是因为在战场上我们的党员干部总是冲在最前面说，同志们跟我来；国民党之所以被赶到台湾龟缩一角，是因为他们的干部在战场上总是站在队伍后面喊，弟兄们，给我上！”这个上任刚刚7个月，面对许多企业破产，职工下岗，经济十分困难的局面又袭来特大洪水的危险时刻，他怎能不赶回去喊“同志们跟我来”呢？ 当晚8点半，驱车3个多小时赶回锦州的张鸣岐马上率其他领导先后赶到位于市区的小凌河桥南大堤和桥西北侧堤岸查看水情，指挥抢险。 晚上10点半左右，接到锦州市所辖凌海市的告急，张鸣岐一行又立即赶了过去。此时，滚滚洪水正快速穿过位于凌海的大凌河公路桥。 急于了解灾情的张鸣岐和其他市领导先后来到大凌河公路桥上。这时，河水流量已超过1.2万立方米/秒。张鸣岐又和凌海市委书记薛恒等11人来到最易决口的城北尤山子村一带查看，正遇村东侧大坝决口，洪水淹没了道路。张鸣岐和凌海市委书记薛恒等人在齐胸深的水中跋涉前进，忽然一道大浪打来，张鸣岐等人立时被洪水淹没、冲散。凌海市委书记薛恒等8人被闻讯赶来的解放军官兵救了上来。在场的最高领导、这个教育手下干部在关键时刻要高喊“同志们，跟我来”的张鸣岐书记，却被洪水吞噬了生命！ 在张鸣岐以命抗洪的精神鼓舞下，决堤堵住了。 几天后，大雨还在下着。锦州市的通往殡仪馆的十里长街两边，站满了工人、农民、市民、干部、教师，他们自发地冒雨为用生命抗洪的张鸣岐书记最后送行。送行的队伍里有人扯着长长的白色条幅，条幅上的悼词有的虽被雨淋得模糊难辨，但一幅挽幛的大字仍赫然醒目： 黄流浊水，无损洁白之身；青天白云，永记清官忠魂。 凌水低吟，哀鸣岐君早逝；闾山颔首，赞父母官德馨。 张鸣岐，这位被百姓称为“平民书记”的锦州市委书记，他为抗洪献出生命时年仅49岁。 和张鸣岐同时牺牲的还有一位男记者，他拍下的照片，和从洪水退后的野外找到的摄像机留下那些已变得一片雪花了的图片，却和张鸣岐书记的名字一起，永远留了下来，变为不朽。 被当地人民传颂为河神的锦州市委书记张鸣岐逝世后，刚好一年，又是夏季，一场百年不遇的特大洪水同时降临在辽宁中部的好几座城市。 我在本文开头说，水有时也是生命的刽子手，就是由这两年接连而至的特大洪水而言。谁能计算得清，光是人类就有多少生命死于水的屠刀？1888年，辽宁发生过一次特大洪水，境内大小河流纷纷冲出堤坝，滔滔滚滚肆无忌惮，有的村庄被它一口吃去大半。1995年7、8月之交，水又一次在辽宁扮演了刽子手的角色。它趁着几天连绵不断的大雨把几百万人呼隆隆推上了断头台，虽然最终被劫了法场，但许多水利专家们测算说这次洪水比1888年那次大多了，恶多了。怎么个恶法，当年我亲临了一些现场，不用我细加描述，“百年不遇”四个字已足够读者去联想。我要说的是，洪水中我看到许多眼前仍晃动着张鸣岐身影的领导干部的泪水。 我是在水正退着的时候和几位作家结伴儿赶到重灾区辽阳市灯塔县的。说句实话，开始我真没怎么当回事，觉得自己参加过唐山大地震抢险救灾，还到过老山前线和兴安岭大火灾现场长时间采访，各具形态的死人和形形色色感人事迹听得见得太多了。我们在县委、县政府找不到书记和县长，就直接找到县抗洪救灾指挥部，我有灾区采访经验，这种时候想等人坐下来给你谈情况是不可能的。我们未经允许悄悄溜进会场。开会的几十个人一个特点：嗓子都是哑的，眼睛都是红的，脸色都是疲惫的，说话都是短的实的。后来才知道，这些县委常委和各乡镇一二把手们一直在水情最危险的位置指挥，6天6夜没回家休息了。虽然身在会场，大概脑中仍是轰轰隆隆的水声吧，不然我们五六个生人在会场听了一个多小时，怎么会没人撵，也没人招待呢？会一散，几十人呼呼啦啦都奔大食堂去了。大锅饭也没人安排桌。我瞅准县委书记和县长那桌挤了个座儿，端着饭碗请求书记给指定个重灾区去采访。胡忠雄书记说重灾区水深过不去。我问他怎么过，他说乘大卡车。我说我们也乘大卡车。他说目前最高级的就是卡车，领导们还分不过来。我说我站在他卡车车厢上，他才答应了我跟他的车到前面去。 轿车在水灾面前害羞了，没脸见人了，尤其是豪华轿车。我挤上大卡车。一米多高的车轮立时没去一多半。许多地方水还齐腰深，庄稼肯定是全完了。我看见不少老乡在房倒屋塌的黄水中网鱼。有几个网鱼的小伙子还举着鱼嬉闹。我想到了唐山大地震后熟人们相逢时的情景：“你家咋样？”“死了一个。”“那真不错。我家死俩。还有死三四个的！”死一个的人家竟受到羡慕，那真叫重灾。我问胡书记，这次全县共淹死多少？他说全县被淹面积达80多万亩，水深一般都在两米多，最深的地方人站房顶还没膝盖。受灾人口40多万，可只在水中发现一具尸体，但那尸体是用绳子拴了胳膊绑在房山的。这说明全县不仅没淹死一人，连水前死人的尸体也保住了。 “唐山那家伙……”我顺嘴说了半句玩笑马上就止住了。胡书记似乎觉得我口气里流露出不以为然的意味，特意向我强调了一下灾情：“灯塔县是全国淡水鱼养殖重点县，肉食鸡养殖量占全省四分之一。过水的地方鸡一只没剩，鱼倒是都活着，但统统自由了。54万亩庄稼绝产，178个村庄遭洪水围困。水都上来了人还守着猪圈鸡棚不走，咱们各级干部一个个撵、拽、背……”说着说着胡书记眼圈红了，还擦了擦眼睛。 这时我心也没动，甚至闪过一丝不舒服的感觉：这胡书记是不是在给我们作家弄景儿看？不一会儿，我们遇上了辽阳市委书记傅克诚和代市长龚尚武。他们也是坐大卡车上来的，嗓子哑得和乡干部差不多。他们问站在水中的老乡眼下最急需什么时，老乡没有一句怨言，却安慰他们说：“看你们急成这样，急需什么我们也不好意思催了！”听了这话，我看到书记、市长眼圈也红了。我已在电视上见过他们在飞机上俯瞰汪洋大水时流泪的镜头。 很快我们又遇上也是乘坐刚拉过煤的大卡车赶来的副省长肖作福。这位管过多年农业的常务副省长看见四周是水的公路上晾着好些粮食，急忙叫卡车停住。他惊喜地捧起粮食一看，脸色又阴沉了，他手中的稻子颗颗都生出了细芽。他以为天晴了，被水泡过的粮食晒干了还可以吃的，不想都生了芽子，接连看了好几处都是这样。他把老乡叫到一起，又把市县领导叫过来，问还有没有能吃的粮食。市县领导说正在调集。肖省长又问老乡，调集来就能吃上饭吗？老乡说没有电没有柴来了粮食也没法吃。“那就同时送煤气罐来，送煤来……”肖省长说这话时声音嘶哑。有人递给他一瓶水，他喝了一口，半晌没再说出话来。我看见他眼里又溢出了泪水。我最见不得成年人的泪水了，尤其比我大的成年男人的泪水，我曾认为，见着重病人就落泪的医生肯定是新医生，并依此类推，遇着老百姓有难事就嘴起泡淌眼泪的也准是新干部。可眼前这几位省市县官们已不年轻了！我把这想法跟省里下派到灯塔锻炼的一位年轻副书记说了，他说看来你们作家太小瞧人了，你打听打听，看到决堤洪水时，胡书记他们是不是痛哭失声了？胡书记可是当县级干部十好几年了。晚上我打电话想找胡书记聊聊，他说这有什么好聊的，你问尚杰洪县长，还有牛广涛、郝国增副书记，哪个不是7天7夜一直在水里跑，一人包一个乡，谁没流过泪？ 后来我们在沈旦堡镇核灾现场遇见牛广涛副书记，真的问了他。他说，浑河决堤那会儿他正往灾情最重的沈旦堡奔。来到一座渠桥时，正好看见决堤之水滚滚而来，不一会儿胡书记还有一位副市长也先后抓乘个体户的车奔到桥头。水头一过，大片丰收在望的玉米立刻没了棒子。一具烂棺材就在这时冲到他们脚下。“完了，完了，这回庄稼全完了！”胡忠雄书记当即失声落泪，副市长和副书记虽没失声，泪也急流而下。他们带领全县人民苦干了多半年的血汗付之东流了。他们在洪水中落泪的情景，使我激动起来，眼睛也有些湿。我想到了白居易《琵琶行》诗中那句“江州司马青衫湿”来。同时我在责问自己，面对贫民的疾苦，古之江州司马尚且哭湿了青衫，共产党的县长、市长们面对洪灾流泪我竟不大理解，怕是我自己感情机制出了毛病吧。写这篇文章时我特意查了查资料，从医学角度看，流泪是健康人的一种机能。泪水有促进伤口愈合的作用。属于感情机制的眼泪更是治疗精神创伤的妙药。这些干部能在灾情面前流泪，说明他们的思想感情和精神状态是健康的。西马峰镇党委书记张怀守，5天当中，泪水竟然流了4次，他这样的人思想感情就尤为健康了。 若是面对洪水给人民带来的灾苦眼睛湿也不湿，这样的干部还能用心治水吗？治水需先治领导干部！防洪需先防腐！这是历次大水灾总结出的经验。 下面仍是1995年辽宁百年不遇特大洪灾的一小部分记录： 7月29日上午，省防汛指挥部通知清河水库、柴河水库开启溢洪道闸门泄洪；下午，省委、省政府派出6个工作组赴抚顺、沈阳、铁岭、本溪、鞍山、辽阳协助抗洪救灾；傍晚，省防汛指挥部调部队支援沈阳、鞍山、辽阳抗御浑河洪水；夜9点，省委书记顾金池在听取大伙房水库上游降雨与水库泄流情况后指示：【1】洪水到来前确保沈阳右岸；【2】调解放军抢修堤坝；【3】准备好抢险物资；【4】安排好人员转移工作。 7月31日，省长闻世震主持召开紧急会商会，重点研究抗洪救灾问题。闻省长指示，一要防洪排涝一起抓，二要搞好灾情统计，解决好灾民吃、穿、住的问题。 同日，李鹏总理打电话询问辽宁的水情、汛情和灾情，了解抚顺、沈阳等城市的灾情及大伙房、清河、参窝、观音阁等水库的运行情况。李鹏总理指示，抗洪救灾，第一位是救人，要想尽办法，把受灾群众及时转移到安全地带，同时确保参加抗洪抢险部队指战员和群众的人身安全。 同时，省政府召开抗洪救灾紧急电话会议，确定全省要把抗洪救灾工作作为压倒一切的中心工作来抓，并下发《关于全力做好抗洪救灾工作的通知》。 8月2日，国家防汛抗旱总指挥部副总指挥、水利部部长钮茂生受中共中央政治局和国务院副总理姜春云委托，来辽宁省指导抗洪救灾工作。 9月15日，省政府在本溪市小市镇隆重举行观音阁水库建成典礼。全国政协副主席钱正英、水利部副部长周文智、日本前建设省大臣木部佳昭等应邀出席，省领导顾金池、闻世震等为工程剪彩。 9月29日，省委、省政府在辽宁人民剧场召开全省抗洪救灾表彰大会，489名先进个人、129个先进集体、79个抗洪救灾英雄部队受到表彰。省水利厅被评为抗洪救灾先进集体。 1996 2月，辽宁省确定“九五”期间将开展建设的九大重点水利工程：白石水库、石佛寺水库一期工程、阎王鼻子水库、引兰入汤工程、双台子河闸改建工程、浑河防洪工程、大辽河防洪工程、鸭绿江防洪工程、浑江调水工程。 3月，辽宁省第二次水利经济工作会议在沈阳兴利宾馆召开，会议讨论了辽宁省水利经济“九五”发展计划。 4月，水利部部长钮茂生为江垭水库大坝混凝土开盘浇筑剪彩。5月8日，省政府发文对在第七届农田基本建设“大禹杯”活动中做出贡献的143人进行嘉奖。 12月，国家防汛总指挥部领导成员电力部副部长汪恕成、水利部副部