Chapter 53 Chapter 52 Jilin——The Goodness Is Like Water

Wang Shuhuai, a famous local poet in Northeast China, wrote about the rivers on the Songliao Plain in his collection of poems "Baoshan Ballad": Some people will say that this is the poet's imagination and exaggeration.Yes, poetry requires imagination and exaggeration, but it is based on real life and actual existence.The criss-crossing and abundant rivers on the land of Songliao are like the blood vessels and meridians of a person, nourishing all living things, every plant and tree, providing the land of Kanto with natural conditions that benefit the people and the country, and nurturing Congsu Shen Generations of sons and daughters from the barbaric era have created the civilization of the nation.How can there be no water in the world?Water is the life source and incubator of human spiritual civilization and material civilization, which has become the consensus of mankind.

Jilin Province is located in the hinterland of Songliao. It is a province of Heyuan, located in the middle and upper reaches of major rivers in Northeast China.The territory of the province is divided by the rivers that directly flow into the sea, including Songhua River, Yalu River, Tumen River, Suifen River and Liaohe River. The five river systems have a total of 1,648 rivers with a drainage area of ​​more than 20 square kilometers, including 1,440 rivers with a drainage area of ​​20 to 200 square kilometers; 156 rivers with a drainage area of ​​200 to 1,000 square kilometers; 34 rivers with a drainage area of ​​1,000 to 5,000 square kilometers; There are 18 rivers with a length of more than one kilometer: Songhua River includes Songhua River, Toudao River, Huifa River, Yinma River, Yitong River, Nen River, Taoer River, Huolin River, Lalin River, and Mudan River; Liao River includes Dongliao River , Xiliao River; Tumen River includes Gaya River, Hunchun River, etc.; Yalu River includes Yalu River and Hunjiang; Suifen River only has its upstream source.There are 1,397 natural lakes with a water surface area of ​​more than 100 mu [6.67 hectares] in the province, and 22 lakes with a water surface area of ​​more than 10 square kilometers, including 7 lakes with a water surface area of ​​30 square kilometers: Chagan Lake, Dabusupao, Bo Luo Pao, Xin Huang Pao, Har Nao Pao, Niu Xin Tao Bao Pao and Yang Sha Pao.

We can proudly say that Jilin has water! Water, in a broad sense, is the source of life, the foundation of human civilization, an indispensable natural resource and strategic economic resource, and a controlling element of ecology and environment.Water, according to the conventional view, also represents beautiful things. "A drop of water can reflect the brilliance of the sun", which means that it sees the big character from the small; "The sun came out, and it smiled in the green leaves", which means its dedication and humble sentiment; This means its consistent resilience; "trickles into the sea", which means its unlimited future development...

Therefore, when water appears in the thinking of philosophers and sages, it is endowed with a holy and noble symbol.Lao Tzu once said: "The highest kindness is like water. Water is good for all things and does not fight; it is evil for everyone, so it is more than Tao. Live in a good place, have a good heart, be kind and benevolent, speak good faith, be good at governance, do good things and do good things, and move good things." Time. Husband only does not fight, so there is no preference." This passage clearly tells the world that a person of the highest kindness is like water.Water is beneficial to all things but does not compete with all things. It stays in places that ordinary people hate, so it is closest to Tao.A person of the highest kindness is willing to live in a place as low as water, has a heart as deep and dignified as water, makes friends as kind and loving as water, speaks as truthfully and honestly as water, governs the country as orderly as water, and does things as indiscriminately as water. No, actions are as good at timing as water.Just because he has indisputable virtue like water, there is no fault.

You see, in Lao Tzu's view, water has become the perfect nectar! There are rivers in Jilin and water in Jilin, so Jilin people are blessed and kind. The benevolent loves mountains, and the wise loves water, which is also a saying we often say.It not only says that the benevolent love mountains and the wise love water;Changbai Mountain is the mother of rivers in Jilin, and it is often said that Changbai Mountain is the source of the three rivers.That is, the Songhua River, the Yalu River and the Tumen River all originate here. In fact, except for the Liaohe River system, the other four water systems in Jilin all originate from Changbai Mountain; the total amount of exploitable hydropower resources in the province is 5,008,100 kilowatts, 98% of which are concentrated in the eastern Changbai Mountains.

Changbai Mountain is located on the border between China and North Korea. "Wandering in the northeast corner of Asia, it is a famous mountain...the mountain is covered with snow in winter and summer, and the color of four seasons is abnormally white, so it is called Changbai Mountain." The Changbai Mountain range stretches for thousands of kilometers. In the eastern part of the three provinces of Jilin and Heilongjiang, "White Mountain" [Changbai Mountain] and "Black Water" [Heilongjiang] are called together, and they have become synonymous with Northeast China.The main peak, Baiyun Peak, is 2691 meters above sea level and is the highest peak in Northeast my country.

Changbai Mountain is a dormant active volcano that has erupted countless times in history, thus forming a unique landform landscape. It is the birthplace of Manchu. Many beautiful legends are closely related to Changbai Mountain Tianchi.It is revered as a holy mountain and a sacred mountain by the people, and the policy of closing the mountain was implemented in the Qing Dynasty, so that Changbai Mountain still maintains its original state.Coupled with the unique topography, climate, soil, vegetation and other comprehensive factors, it becomes the only mountainous area in Northeast Asia where alpine tundra is distributed.

Changbai Mountain's volcanoes, icy landforms and vertical natural ecological belt spectrum constitute a wonderful natural landscape of strange mountains, beautiful waters, hot springs, strange caves, strange rocks, forest seas, deep valleys, ice and snow, rare animals and plants.Changbai Mountain is one of the most intact natural complexes in the world, a typical representative of the mountain forest ecosystem in the northern half of Eurasia, and also the best preserved natural state and the richest biodiversity in the same latitude of the earth.The mountains are rich in natural resources, and there are more than 2,540 species of wild plants, known as the "Alpine Garden".During the frost-free period in July and August every year, it germinates, blooms, sets seeds at an extremely fast speed, and then enters the dormancy period.Every season, from the 2,000-meter-altitude hillside to the top of Changbai Mountain, it is like magic, covered with a tapestry, with countless exotic flowers and plants competing for beauty.Especially on the west slope of Changbai Mountain, this magical flowering season is most obvious.Due to the sunshine, spring comes earlier on the west slope than on the north slope.Every year at the end of June and the beginning of July, on the highlands on the west slope of Changbai Mountain, a hundred flowers bloom in full bloom, and the variety is amazing.There are more than 1,500 species of wild animals. It is the hometown of the Siberian tiger, the "king of beasts", and the origin of ginseng, mink fur, and antler horns, the "Three Treasures of Kanto".It has 49 scenic spots such as the vertical landscape belt of Changbai Mountain, the birthplace of the Manchu nationality - Yuanchi, the pumice forest in the canyon, the beauty pine, and the Wangswan scenic spot.

Some people say that the reason why Mount Tai is the most honored among the five mountains is that it is the only famous mountain in Chinese history that has received the emperor's conferment of Zen.Although Changbai Mountain has never been enshrined in Zen, the courtesy received by some emperors is no worse than Mount Tai.The two great emperors Kangxi and Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty both visited the Songhua River in person, built the Wangji Temple to worship Changbai Mountain from a distance, and wrote poems to record it.Kangxi wrote "Looking at Changbai Mountain": Qianlong wrote "Looking at the Changbai Mountain":

From the poems written by Qianlong, we can see that their devotion and etiquette in offering sacrifices to Changbai Mountain is no less than Qin Shihuang's offering sacrifices to Mount Tai.In the early morning, I went to a mountain called Wen Dexiang to offer sacrifices, because there was a hopeful sacrifice hall.First, fire and firewood are lit. "Book of Rites: Sacrifice Law" stipulates: "burn firewood on the altar, and sacrifice to heaven." The powder of dried orchids is twisted on the sacrificial utensils and burned as incense, and then offerings made of pigs, cattle, and sheep are presented in order, and then various musical instruments clang, and at this time, the smoked wind blows, blowing the aroma of the three animals when roasting to all directions. .How solemn, how comfortable!Why did the emperors of the Qing Dynasty admire Changbai Mountain so much?

Because there is a pool of holy water there. When it comes to the water in Changbai Mountain, the first thing to mention is Tianchi. Tianchi was called "Tumen Po" in ancient times, which means the source of all water.Changbai Mountain was originally a volcano.According to historical records, it has erupted three times since the 16th century. When a large amount of lava was ejected from the volcanic eruption, the crater formed a basin shape. Over time, the accumulated water formed a lake, which became Tianchi. The north of the lake is in Jilin. within the province.Tianchi is oval in shape with a circumference of about 13 kilometers, a lake area of ​​10 square kilometers, an altitude of 2194 meters, and a maximum depth of 373 meters. It is the highest and deepest crater lake in my country.Tianchi is really mysterious, no matter how long it takes, the water will never decrease, no matter how continuous the rain, the water will never increase!Facing the reality that stream water resources are scarce and dangerous in today's world, what precious value will the magical and pollution-free holy water of this lake have!The 16 peaks around Tianchi are all above 2,500 meters above sea level, all named by Liu Jianfeng, a great scholar in the late Qing Dynasty.Tianchi is like a piece of jasper inlaid among the peaks.When the weather is fine, the pool water reflects the blue sky and beautiful white clouds. The water and the sky are connected, and the scenery is very beautiful. The U-shaped gap between Longmen Peak and Tianhuo Peak in the north of Tianchi Lake is called Kaimen [Xiaomen in ancient times], 20 to 30 meters wide, and is the only natural waterway from which Tianchi water flows out.Due to the large mountains and steep slopes and the rapid water, it looks like a ladder from a distance, so it is called "Tongtian Pool", also known as "Chengcha River".Cha means raft.Chengcha refers to the meaning of going to heaven on a wooden raft in mythology.Chengcha River is only 1250 meters long, making it the shortest river in the world. At the mouth of the Chengcha River, there is a boulder called "Niulangdu". Chengcha River flows out from the mountain pass, and at the end of 1250 meters, it suddenly falls down a 68-meter-high cliff, forming the source of Songhua River and the largest waterfall in Northeast China - Changbai Mountain Waterfall.Changbai Waterfall is like a jade belt pouring down from the sky, splashing water and splashing thousands of piles of snow.Due to the violent impact of the two streams of the waterfall over the years, a pool more than 20 meters deep is formed under the cliff where the waterfall falls.After the waterfall fell into the pool, it was renamed Erdaobai River, which is the source of Songhua River. There is a miraculous and beautiful myth recorded in many classics and recently published travel materials, that Bucuri Yongshun, the ancestor of the Manchus, was born in Tianchi.However, don't misunderstand, this Tianchi is not the above-mentioned Tianchi, but a small Tianchi. Xiaotianchi, also known as Tiannv Yugongchi, was revered by the Qing Dynasty as the Holy Land of Longxing and the birthplace of the Manchu people. There are two in total 3 kilometers north of Changbai Waterfall.One is hidden in the secluded birch forest, with an altitude of 1780 meters. The lake is round and green.In the center of the pool, there is no ice in winter and no water in summer. There is neither water flowing into nor overflowing, and the spring in the pool is pouring.There are many pine trees around the pool, towering to block out the sun, and luxuriant grass by the pool, which can be called a fairyland on earth. About 200 meters away from Xiaotianchi, there is another circular pool that is almost the same size as the previous one, but the water is very shallow, only a few meters deep, and sometimes it dries up, exposing yellow soil.Looking down from a height, one is blue and the other is red and yellow, like a pair of gold and silver cups, so people also call Xiaotianchi the pair of cup lakes, which has a unique scenery.This is where the legendary Bucuri Yongshun was born. According to legend, a long time ago, the three daughters of the gods came here from the sky.The eldest sister is called Ngulun, the second sister is called Zhenggulun, and the third sister is called Fokulun.The three sisters were playing and bathing in Tianchi, when suddenly a magic magpie flew over and put a vermilion fruit in its mouth on Fokulun's clothes.After the three fairies bathed, they went ashore and put on their clothes. Fokulun saw the vermilion fruit, which was radiant and extremely bright.Fokulun picked it up and couldn't put it down, and put it in her mouth. She was busy putting on her dress, and accidentally swallowed the vermillion fruit, not wanting to get pregnant because of it.She said to her two sisters in a panic, "I feel heavy in my stomach, and I can't fly back to the sky with you. What should I do?" Your life is in danger, it is God's will for you to swallow the fruit and conceive, after the child is born you will be as light as a swallow, and it will not be too late to fly back to the sky." After the two sisters finished speaking, they vacated and returned.Soon, Fokulun gave birth to a boy.The boy was magnificent in appearance, extremely intelligent, could talk from birth, and grew up quickly.Fokulun said to his son: "You were born into the world by the order of heaven. If heaven wanted to give birth to you, it sent you to quell the chaotic country and become emperor. You can go there." He told his son about the pulse one by one, and gave him a boat to let him go down the river.After these things were done, Fokulun ascended into the sky.The son of Fokulun went down the river in a boat, and went ashore when he reached a place where people lived.He wove wicker into a chair and sat straight on it.At that time, in the city of Andoli in Mohui, southeast of Changbai Mountain [now Dunhua County], there lived tribes with three surnames, fighting all day long and competing for leadership.One day, a man was going to fetch water by the river, and saw that the son of Fokulun was behaving strangely and imposingly. He hurried back to the place where the fighting continued and told everyone, "Stop fighting, I'm fetching water." I met a strange person in this place, it seems that there is a history. God will not live a saint in vain, why don't you go and meet him?" After hearing these words, the chiefs of the three surnames stopped fighting and led everyone to see this person .At first glance, it was indeed a holy person, and he was surprised to ask about its origin.He replied: "I was born of the fairy Buddha Kulun, my surname is Aixin [meaning of gold] Jueluo [meaning of surname], and my name is Bucuri Yongshun. I am here to put down your war chaos by God's will." He told him in detail what his mother had told him.After hearing this, everyone was shocked and admired, and said in unison: "Such a saint can't let him go!" After speaking, several people crossed hands and formed a sedan chair, hugging him and carrying him back.The tribes of the three surnames turned hostility into friendship, jointly elected Bucuri Yongshun as the leader, and married him a woman from Baili. This country is called "Manchuria", and Bucuri Yongshun is the ancestor of this country.A few years later, one of his descendants named Nurhachi rose up, and his son Huang Taiji entered the Central Plains and established the last feudal dynasty in China-the Qing Dynasty. This myth was first recorded in "Manchu Old Documents". After Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty, history books were compiled in successive Qing dynasties, such as "The Founding Strategy of the Emperor Qing Dynasty", "Manchurian Records", "Manchurian Origin and Development", etc. Almost all of them recorded this myth correctly.The two "Donghua Records" written by Jiang Liangqi and Wang Xianqian also recorded this myth as the first volume.Even private works such as Ruan Caisheng's "Cha Yu Ke Hua" and other works also believe that the ancestors of the Qing Dynasty were born of fairies and "originated in Changbai Mountain".This myth has woven the mysterious veil of Changbai Mountain. Changbai Mountain is covered with clouds and fog all the year round, and the forest is lush and gloomy; in winter, there are even more forests and snow-capped peaks, and there are no humans or animals.In addition to being beautiful and magnificent, this place is more mysterious and weird than other scenic spots. Let's talk about the "three monsters" in Changbai Mountain now. One is "strange slope". After entering the mountain gate on the north slope of Changbai Mountain, head towards the waterfall along the road. The road is located at 17-18 kilometers from the milestone. There are cars going uphill without refueling, and the water bottle automatically rolls up the hillside. It is called the "strange slope" of Changbai Mountain. ", the conclusion of scientific analysis is a peculiar phenomenon caused by visual errors.Visitors who pass by here are willing to experience it. The second is "water monster". The legend of "Tianchi Water Monster" has been raging for more than 100 years, and it has always been an unsolved mystery.Whether it is Loch Ness in Scotland, Tianchi Lake in Changbai Mountain in China, Kanas Lake in Xinjiang, Lieta Lake in Sichuan, etc., the legends of "water monsters" have always been heard, but they are always confusing and difficult to tell the truth from the false.In the scientific 21st century, no one should easily believe in the fallacy of gods and ghosts, but in real life, some unbelievable and unexplainable strange things do happen.Water monsters have been discovered in many waters in China. Those who have witnessed the water monsters are not only surprised but also afraid, and the lakes that caused the accidents are therefore covered with a veil of mystery.So what are these water monsters, and what did witnesses see? The "Tianchi monster" may actually be a marine fish similar to sunfish.Changbaishan Tianchi is an active volcano, and it is close to the Sea of ​​Japan. It is very likely that there is a tunnel leading to the Sea of ​​Japan, so it is not impossible for sunfish to enter Tianchi through the tunnel.Changbai Mountain Tianchi is an active volcano, with volcanic activity at the bottom of the lake, rich in minerals, and warm water, which provides good living conditions for sunfish; more convincing evidence is that according to the photos and videos provided by eyewitnesses of the water monster, the water monster has The habit of turning around, and sometimes it goes out of the water. These characteristics are very similar to the living habits of sunfish. Therefore, the water monster is very likely to be sunfish. Of course, there are many scientific evidences for opponents, so far they are at a loss. The third is "strange spring". Located on the northern slope of Changbai Mountain, about 900 meters away from Changbai Waterfall, in an area of ​​more than 1,000 square meters, there are more than 30 springs gushing out, and the water temperature can reach up to 82 ℃.The hot spring water is turbid and yellow, and the surrounding gravel and sandstones are dyed reddish brown, yellow green and other colors, making the hot spring group form colorful and beautiful colors, which is a great geological wonder of Changbai Mountain.Throwing an egg into the spring water sometimes does not sink. Some people say that there are many kinds of minerals in the water, which has a strong buoyancy;Moreover, after the eggs are cooked, they are extremely tender and have an unusual taste.Hot springs also have the magical effect of bathing and curing diseases.It is said that when people are immersed in water, a variety of minerals will sink the skin into the marrow with the power of heat, and the curative effect is better than the magical pills, especially for arthritis and skin diseases. Lao Tzu has a famous saying in Chapter 58: "When misfortune comes, good fortune depends on it; in it.Lao Tzu's reminder and warning to people is full of profound dialectical thought.There are many rivers in Jilin, and the water conservancy resources are uniquely endowed, which can become the well-being of the people; it can also become a flood that causes abuse and harm.In old China, especially before liberation, due to the late development, these rivers were not well managed and utilized, and flood disasters were frequent, and even "history is endless."When they are docile, they are affectionate and live in harmony with people, giving people a source of motivation, the benefits of boats, and the freshness of fish and shrimp.Once the rage raged, the raging waves suddenly rose, the floods continued, and the lives were devastated.Too much water can be beneficial or harmful.Han Fei said in "Five Beetles": "A man who lives in the mountains and draws water from the valleys will leave water to each other; those who live in bitter waters will buy mediocrity and kill sinuses." It means that if you live on the mountain, you have to go to the bottom of the valley to fetch water. People in the village give water as gifts to each other during festivals; those who live in lowlands suffering from floods have to hire people to dig ditches to drain water.In old China, the people were often "sufferers" who suffered from water. Yitong River, known as Yitun River in ancient times, is also known as the mother river of Changchun City. It is the closest to us and we are most familiar with it.It originates from the north side of Qingdingziling in Yitong County, with a total length of 342 kilometers. It flows through Changchun, merges with Yinma River, and then enters Songhua River.Just like everyone has a strong and brilliant youth, Yitong River was also full of blood and gave the people the benefits of irrigation and boats.During the reign of Emperor Kangxi, the waterway of the Yitong River "feasible for a boat of three feet and five feet. Jilin cut wood and built a hundred ships, which were transported from the Yitun River to the Misonghua River. Warehouses were built at Yitunmen and Yitunkou for storage."In June 1685 and July 1686, during the two Yaksa battles against the Tsarist Russian invaders, a large amount of food and military supplies were transported from the Yitong River into the Songhua River to the front line.Until 1865, the Yitong River still played a transportation role as a seasonal waterway.By 1918, steamships had been run on the river section in the urban area, and the uplink was 100 miles a day, and the downlink was 180 miles a day.In the early days of the Puppet Manchukuo, there were hundreds of short-distance shipping boat families on the Yitong River.The large amount of water can be seen.Beside the current Changchun Bridge and Dongda Bridge, there used to be piers and ferries. In modern times, due to the destruction of upstream vegetation, the deterioration of hydrological conditions, and the pollution of cities, the flow of Yitong River has been decreasing day by day, and it often stops flowing, losing its shipping value and becoming a harmful river that only floods during the flood season. "Changchun County Chronicles" records: "Usually the water is as shallow as three feet, and the width is only a few feet, which is not conducive to boats. Every time the spring melts peach flood or the continuous rain, it will flood for about one or two miles. When the farmland along the river is drifted, it is also due to the The river is very low, not suitable for paddy fields, and the soil on both sides of the river is loose and easy to subside. The good and fertile fields have turned into gravel, and the diseased people have harmed the farmers. The damage has been severe. Yehu." On the eve of liberation, the Kuomintang government had no time to take care of damming and waterproofing and cleaning up the river. With the increase in the population of Changchun City, the Yitong River had another harm: it became a garbage dump.The writer Xiao Jun once described Yitong River in "The Past Years": Except for winter, the place is muddy all year round, like a poor earthworm, crawling lazily along the riverbed without trees along the bottom of the road.If it encounters continuous rainy days, it will be irritated and flooded... But after a short time, it still returns to its original lazy appearance.Because there is nothing along its coast that can be transported by water conservancy, and there are many sandbars and shoals in itself, it is not easy to see passing ships.Apart from the fact that people chisel some ice cubes from it in winter and store them in preparation for making ice cream and freezers in summer, it seems to have no meaning for the existence of the city. Since the city's population has increased, some of the rubbish brought out of the city has been dumped in or piled up along the banks, and the river has become narrower and more dilapidated day by day.The shrubbery on the river bank was cut down cruelly by people, and it became thinner day by day, and the river became muddier day by day, and its appearance became more stupid and ordinary day by day.The "shacks" of those fishermen disappeared, and so did the fish-eating birds. Now there are "Jichang Station" and some attached station factories on its east bank.The west bank is some run-down old villages... Later, with changes in hydrology and climate, and most of the forests and grasslands that retain water sources were reclaimed as farmland, all of these seemed to be a huge straw, sucking the blood of the Yitong River.Since the Daoguang period, the flow of the Yitong River has dropped sharply, especially after the Xinlicheng Reservoir was built upstream of it in the 1960s, except for the flood discharge period in wet years, the urban river section has almost stopped flowing.Even if water flows into it during the rainy season, the Yitong River is just a small ditch.As a result, people planted rice and vegetables in the riverbed, built factories and houses, opened shops and hotels, and these destructive demands were far from the awe they should have for the mother river.The river course has not only become a dumping ground for urban garbage, but also a discharge pool for urban sewage.By the 1980s, there were as many as 31 people who spit out sewage into the river day and night.The unscrupulous destruction and destruction made the river's original broad mind narrower and narrower, and its temperament became more and more irritable.During the 120 years from 1865 to 1985, there were 38 flood disasters, of which 5 were more harmful to urban areas.The Yitong River flooded, at the huge cost of endangering people's lives and property, to show its existence and human's revenge on the "badness" of water. The Yitong River recorded in historical books and written by Xiao Jun can be said to be a microcosm of the damage caused by rivers in Jilin Province.Before the founding of New China, in the 124 years from 1825 [the fifth year of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty] to 1948 [the thirty-seventh year of the Republic of China], there were 75 years of drought and floods, and there were 6 disaster years in an average of 10 years.Although there was no province-wide disaster statistics in old China, it can be seen from historical records: In 1932 [the 21st year of the Republic of China], the Songhua River, Yinma River, and Dongliao River flooded, causing disasters in Jilin, Lishu, Dehui, and Nong'an. More than 600,000 people were killed in counties such as , Shuangyang and so on. "Hailong County Chronicles" records that in 1934 [the 23rd year of the Republic of China], Hailong County had summer floods, autumn droughts and early frosts, and there was no harvest.In the spring of the following year, when the people's food was exhausted, they all fed their hunger with bark and grass roots, so that "there is no grass in the wild, but the people have vegetables", "the shape is broken and the bones are standing"... The thousands of branches and veins of the water system on the land of Songliao, carrying the sediment and the grievances of the people, flow day and night, and they don't know what kind of fate is arranged for them in the future. Time is spinning like a water mill. The founding of New China on October 1, 1949 opened a new page in the history of Jilin's water conservancy... On the morning of September 14, 2009, it was a time when the sun shone brightly on the city. We went to the Jilin Provincial Water Conservancy Department for an interview. When we pushed the door and stepped into the water conservancy building, we immediately had a kind of cordial feeling.Because in the late 1990s, we went to the Provincial Water Conservancy Department for interviews several times and were invited to write a literary newsletter reflecting the deeds of Wangyang Lake. Who is Wang Yanghu?Since August 1997, he has served as Director of Jilin Provincial Water Resources Department.When he came to be the leader of the Provincial Water Conservancy Department, people inside and outside the department predicted his name and said, Wang Yanghu, the three characters have three points of water, yes, this shows that the head of the Water Conservancy Department has water and can control the water, I hope he will be clean like water.The title of the literary newsletter I wrote at that time was "The Wind is Riding and the Sail is Hanging". In the past ten years, we have never had any contact with him since then.Today, his voice and smile are blurred in our minds.However, as a spiritual image, he is vividly remembered.We can still introduce many of his deeds. In 1998, during the first flood season when Wang Yanghu served as the director of the Jilin Provincial Water Conservancy Department, a catastrophic flood occurred in the Nen River, Songhua River and other river basins.In those soul-stirring days and nights, Wang Yanghu, the deputy commander of the Jilin Provincial Flood Control Headquarters, traveled more than 100 kilometers on the embankments of the Nen River and Songhua River every day. August 24th is a day that many people will never forget.On that day, not long after the third flood peak of the Nen River had passed, the water level of the Nen River was still high. At this moment, the embankment of a neighboring province burst, and 4 billion cubic meters of water suddenly poured into the territory of Zhenlai County, Jilin Province, making the Zhenlai section famous. The "32 kilometers" dam was hit by floods both inside and outside, and the situation was very critical.Wang Yanghu and the main leaders of the Jilin Provincial Party Committee took a speedboat and rushed to the "32 kilometers" embankment.The embankment has been cut in half.Inside the embankment was also a vast expanse of ocean, and the endless crop fields were submerged by the flood.Standing on the embankment is like standing in a stormy sea. The "32 km" embankment is at stake!Here, someone pointed out that the breach is inevitable, and the people on the scene must evacuate urgently.Wang Yanghu stared straight at the torrential flood, blood welled up on his forehead, and his heart fluctuated violently.He couldn't imagine that evacuating would mean breaking the embankment, and the flood inside and outside the embankment would join together and rush straight to the plain for thousands of miles. What a tragic scene it would be? !He took a deep breath, and quickly made a judgment: If he retreated, the levee would definitely burst; if he quickly organized forces to repair it, the levee might still be preserved.Between retreating and staying, staying is the only option with the hope of keeping the levee.Although this choice involves a lot of risk, in the face of the lives and properties of millions of people, and the great trust of the party and the people, even if there is a 1% hope, we must do 100% effort!Even if there is a huge risk, it must be provoked!As Wang Yanghu, the "chief of staff" of the Provincial Party Committee in the fight against floods, he took a solemn step forward and put forward his opinion to the leading comrades of the Provincial Party Committee: "It cannot be withdrawn! I think there is still hope for the levee to be preserved." Stay!" The leading comrades of the Provincial Party Committee looked at him with firm eyes.As soon as his words fell, the leading comrades of the Provincial Party Committee immediately issued instructions: "Organize manpower and material resources immediately, and do our best to protect the embankment!" The "32 kilometers" embankment was finally preserved.The fight against floods in Jilin has achieved a decisive victory.History has since recorded: In this struggle against the catastrophic flood, no river embankments in Jilin province were breached, 600,000 people were evacuated without casualties, and no surrounding counties were flooded. The people of Jilin created a miracle in the history of flood fighting and emergency rescue. !This is Wang Yanghu's sense of responsibility. After the flood in 1998, the state increased investment in water conservancy construction. In three years, the investment in water conservancy construction in Jilin Province reached more than 6 billion yuan.At this time, Wang Yanghu, who was the director of the Water Resources Department, could be said to have power and money in his hands.In some people's eyes, he doesn't need to say anything while sitting there, as long as his mind is "active", the "benefits" of 1.8 million a year are at his fingertips.Wang Yanghu came from the grassroots. He knows the officialdom and society very well, and he knows how much "gold content" his position has.However, in his balance, even a mountain of gold cannot shake the soul of a true communist. As a spiritual banner, Wangyang Lake not only guides the soul of many people, but also leaves good thoughts and good style to the Provincial Water Resources Department. Hearing that we were going to write about Jilin Water Conservancy, the Director of Suzheng of the Water Conservancy Department personally found the materials in the bookcase in his office and provided them to us, lest we "laymen" could not understand the writing. Recently, when we went for an interview, we walked through it and had a glimpse of it, and we unconsciously felt this deeply. When we arrived at the hall, it was exactly 8:10, and the provincial government office normally starts work at 8:30 in summer.However, people came here one after another.In Room 705 on the seventh floor, a young lesbian was receiving several comrades from Yanbian.They eagerly argued with her about something, but the lesbian was calm and patiently explained.We understood that it was on a project responsibility letter, which should have been signed by the director, but was signed by the director.She said that the water conservancy department should not be stamped. Water conservancy projects involve both funds and safety.Those comrades in Yanbian are still begging her.She spat on a hole and said, no, you really want to build it, so go to the director of the department for approval now.When she said that, we knew that the director also went to work in the morning.Of course, we don't know who the director is, and it's not easy to ask.There was even more movement in several rooms on the thirteenth floor, which is the key project management office.The Hadashan Water Conservancy Project has reached its peak construction period, and several staff members are making calls and collecting statistics. We first need to find eight related materials this time: "Vice Governor Wang Shouchen's Speech at the Provincial Water Conservancy Work Conference", "Review and Prospect of Jilin Water Conservancy Brilliant 60 Years", "Retrospect and Prospect of Jilin Water Conservancy Reform and Opening Up 30 Years" , "Introduction to Key Water Conservancy Projects in Jilin Province", "Ninety-eight Miracles", "Increasing Ten Billion Catties of Grain Materials", "Progress Materials of Key Water Conservancy Projects in the First 8 Months", "Director Su Zheng Answers Questions from Journalists". During the interview, we also accidentally saw a press release, which was "60 Years of Stirring: Water Conservancy Special Issue in Commemoration of the 60th Anniversary of the Founding of New China" to be published in the "Jilin Daily". The "Special Issue" is divided into four sections, which are like four square teams, which are about to be inspected and tested by the water conservancy front workers and readers of the province.We will summarize the key points of the relevant data as follows.The first section "Transformation from Tradition to Modernity, Rapid Development of Water Conservancy in Our Province" disclosed several figures.The second section, "Tens of billions of investment in several years, 240,000 water conservancy projects to protect food", wrote: "As of now, our province has realized a total of 32.1 billion yuan in water conservancy investment, and a total of 248,000 water conservancy projects of various types have been completed. "In the third section "Flood Control and Drought Relief System Is Improving", wrote: "It has effectively dealt with more than 10 major flood disasters, especially the major flood in the central part of our province in 1985, which caused a total of 75 million mu of farmland and more than 3,000 10,000 people were protected from flood disasters, reducing direct economic losses by 150 billion yuan. Effectively coping with 25 major drought disasters, a total of 18.5 billion yuan was invested in drought relief, and more than 250 million acres of drought-resistant irrigation were completed..." In the fourth section "People's Livelihood Water Conservancy Warm people's hearts, 5.94 million farmers have access to safe water" wrote: "As of now, our province has jointly built 10,871 rural drinking water safety supply projects, benefiting 11,702 villages [Tun], and 5.94 million people have access to safe tap water, accounting for about 37% of the entire rural population." Since the founding of the People's Republic of China 60 years ago, Jilin's water conservancy industry has made great strides and achieved brilliant results.In the history of water conservancy development in Jilin Province, No. 3726 Weixing Road, Changchun City is an unforgettable place. From Jilin City, a beautiful river city in the north, go west along the Shili Long Causeway, turn south and enter the Jifeng Highway parallel to the Songhua River, and at 24 kilometers, you will find the earliest large-scale hydropower station in my country - Fengman Power Plant.Fengman Power Plant was founded in 1937, with a total installed capacity of 554,000 kilowatts. It is the main power plant for peak regulation in the Northeast Power Grid. , breeding, navigation and other comprehensive utilization tasks. On July 12, 1986, the poet He Jingzhi, who was then the deputy director of the Central Propaganda Department, came here and wrote an inscription: "Light comes to plumpness, heat source pine flowers, mother of hydropower, youthful glow." So far, Fengman Power Plant has been known as "the mother of hydropower ". Since 1937, people have accumulated the days of the Fengman Power Plant day by day, including the blood and tears of the Chinese laborers. In 2007, they put the vicissitudes of more than 70 years into a building. This building is not long ago The completed China Fengman Hydropower Museum.It is located on the west side of the power plant site, with an area of ​​more than 6,000 square meters.Above the main entrance of the museum is the name of the museum inscribed by Li Peng, who was once the director of the power plant. We entered the museum and walked with the past.The models and sculptures are like the scenery on the stage, full of suspense.The museum is divided into the "Vicissitudes of Life" exhibition hall, the "Difficult and Extremely Hardship" exhibition hall, the "Kind Care" exhibition hall, the "China Hydropower" exhibition hall and the "Electric Power Science" exhibition hall.What moved us the most was the "Vicissitudes of Life" exhibition hall.The sculptures of struggling Chinese laborers seem to be resurrected.Standing behind the time barrier, helplessness and hatred are revealed in the painful eyes.叩开尘封已久的历史，人们才能看清是中国劳工的血肉之躯，筑就了那巍峨的丰满大坝；“丰满万人坑”里的具具白骨，就是见证日本侵略者累累罪行的千古铁证。 1931年九一八事变后，日本帝国主义为了把东北变为它侵占全中国的战略基地，急需开发动力资源。日本关东军司令部为此于1936年1月17日及8月28日，先后两次指令伪满政府，要提前修建第二松花江丰满水力电气发电所。1937年七七卢沟桥事变发生，在进一步扩大侵略中国的炮声中，丰满水力电气发电所的工程，于这年9月正式破土动工，1942年9月完成，1943年春天始发电。主要工程建筑历经了5年多的时间。丰满水力电气发电所的修筑工程是非常巨大的。要建成一座高91米、长1100米、堤体210万立方米的钢筋混凝土结构的重力型大坝，最高水位标高266米，最低水位标高248.5米，总储水量125亿立方米，堤下建厂房，安装7万千瓦的水轮发电机10台，总发电量为120万千瓦。这样庞大的工程，在当时机械化程度不高的情况下，需要的劳动力当然是相当多的。据有关史料记载，当时丰满使用的劳动力达2250万人次，平均每天得1万至1.2万人。日本侵略者及其走狗，采取欺骗办法到关内招募劳工、收降保安补充队士兵、使用勤劳奉仕队、摊派劳工、用犯人当劳工和就地抓劳工等种种手段，把8万多中国劳工骗、逼、抓到丰满。 丰满原本是个偏僻荒凉的小山沟，上万名劳工一下子拥到这里，不仅是进入到了一个庞大的施工现场，而且是被抛到了一座可怕的人间地狱。 刘凤琴在《日伪统治下的丰满劳工》一文中详细地披露了中国劳工过的非人的生活和从事的死亡劳役。 被鬼子骗逼抓到丰满来的劳工们，统统住在一排排密密麻麻的工棚里。从江东岸大坝的坝址一直排到五垧地，有五六里长，100多座。工棚的结构没有砖瓦，也没有玻璃，非常简陋粗糙。一种是：就地起“炕”，土分两边铺上席子就是炕。有的炕长12米，还有更长的，多数住200人。没有窗户，两头开门，上边搭马架子，盖上油纸或者秫秸就算了事。这种工棚既没有火炕也没有火炉。到了冬季，四面透风，炕上冰凉，根本不能睡觉，只好弄些柴火生火取暖。极度疲劳的身子一沾上暖气就都睡着了，有时余火未烬，往往发生烧死劳工的事件。1938年除夕，劳工工棚失火，当场烧死67人。另一种是：钉一圈桩子，四周围上席子，棚内中间挖二尺宽的沟，沟里下几根管子作为烧道。刚搭炕时通两天，过几天就不通了，不进一点烟火。棚内阴暗潮湿，到处是蚊子、跳蚤，人只要一进工棚，腿上就会叮一层包，奇痒无比。6月天下大雨，棚内下小雨，地上汪着一尺多深的水，被子、鞋是湿的，劳工的身上全是湿的。多数劳工生了疥疮，日本人根本不给治，很多劳工被疥疮折磨死了。 当时，丰满的冬天是非常冷的，通常都在-40℃左右。冰天雪地、寒风刺骨，把人的四肢都冻木了。有的实在困极了睡着了，脚冻得失去了知觉，脚后跟让大耗子咬掉都不知道。有的就两个人一颠一倒睡，你搂我脚，我搂你脚。早晨起来破被上白花花一层冰霜，破棉鞋冻得怎么使劲也穿不上。工棚既不暖和又不结实，多是用树干和小木杆搭起来的，一天晚上刮大风，工棚被刮倒好几座，有一座工棚倒塌竟压死劳工40多人…… 上海的劳工是夏天来的，多数穿短裤单衣，又没什么铺盖，在工棚睡觉时冻死不少。吴洪贵、万恒生等从上海来的126人，一冬过后死去66人，一年以后，只剩下十几个了。 工程是风雨不误，昼夜不停地两班倒，12小时对开。整个施工现场犹如一张血盆大口，每时每刻都在吞噬着劳工的生命。 例如掏洞取土，却不许用木头支起来，结果冻土坍塌，把劳工砸在里面。一个名叫金孝发的劳工，就亲眼见一个洞子进去38个人，塌方后只跑出6人。金孝发和同伴们赶去要救，监工的日本人不但不让救，还把前来呼救的劳工用锹砍死，还说什么：“中国人大大的有，死了死了的没关系。”当时，劳工们把这九死一生的洞叫做死亡洞。 在大坝浇捣混凝土时，劳工浇捣需要下到平仓去，可人的双腿一陷入混凝土里就一时拔不出来，而开起重机的日本人不管下面平仓有没有人，就把大缸里的混凝土倒下来，竟把人活活浇在大坝里。 石匠的大部分工作是钻眼。用手钻钻出来半米深的圆眼，塞进炸药，每天早、午、晚、半夜放四回炮，可每次放炮都有不响的哑炮。监工强迫石匠接着在原地钻眼，由于热力传导，引起哑炮爆炸。凿眼的人被炸得飞上了天，附近打眼的也受了重伤或轻伤，被炸石匠的头、胳膊、腿和肠子从空中掉下来，有的挂在树上，有的落在山坡，把石头都染红了。一名叫王永昌的劳工亲眼看见一次就崩死3个石匠，真是惨不忍睹。 到了1941年，大坝越修越高，鬼子为了减少上坝走路的时间，让劳工快点到坝上干活，不修人行道，却让劳工坐在吊缸周围，用吊机把人吊到六七十米的高处。吊机开得速度快，又没有牢固的地方抓，劳工们个个心惊胆战，经常把劳工从半空中闪下来摔死。可开吊机的日本人却不以为然，反而以这取乐。 1942年，到坝上干活的人越来越多了，多数是坐闷罐上去，一次吊钢轨，却让很多劳工坐在钢轨上一齐往上吊。刚起吊不一会儿，吊机冷丁往外一拧，结果连人带轨全掉下去了，所有的人全摔死了，有的竟摔成几截。 对中国劳工的不满、逃跑或是反抗，日本侵略者和帮凶，更是血腥地镇压。他们对劳工施用的刑法很多，像“冻冰棍”：冬天，把人的衣服扒光，绑在木杆上，往人身上泼凉水，边泼水边上冻，将人活活冻死。鬼推磨：用大筐装土，反扣于地下，让受刑劳工趴在筐上，身上横一条扁担，用两个人在扁担两头压，把扁担都压折了。 有一天晚上，6个山东劳工拖着疲倦的身子回到工棚，里面冷风飕飕，土炕凉得冰手，不由勾起了思乡之情。6个人你一言我一语议论起家乡来。正说话间，只听到破门打得梆梆响，一个监工扯着破锣似的嗓子嚎叫着：“都给我滚出来，快，快！”6个人不知情由便起身出门，谁知刚一钻出工棚，就被拽住，反绑了双手。两个监工和巡夜的看守拿着木棒劈头就打，嘴里还叫着：“看他们哪个还敢想家，想家我就让你们回老家。”这6个劳工被活活打死了。 劳工逃跑更是大忌，所以对逃跑被抓回来的劳工用的刑法也就更重更惨。劳工刘瑞祥亲眼目睹：有两个劳工逃跑被抓回来，当时被打死一名，剩下的被吊在一棵大树上，衣服扒得精光，用皮鞭蘸冰水抽，肉都打飞了，直到打死为止。还威逼劳工们来看，劳工们偷偷地掉泪不忍心看，可日本人吆喝着：“统统地看，不许哭，谁要再跑，这就是样子。”日本人还把没有打死的劳工，用铁丝拧上双手双脚，把伤口撒上盐，扔到江里去了。最多一天拉出去138人，5天就死了300多人。 中国劳工死了，就被扔进了万人坑。万人坑，位于松长输电线第10号铁塔脚下，距大坝6公里的一座东山上。日本人叫它“中国人的墓地”。丰满工地上死亡的劳工日益增多，从1938年开始就集中往万人坑送死人了。 建坝初期，劳工死了还给一口薄木棺材，死的人越来越多，慢慢地就用席子取代了。到了后来，连席子也没有了，就囫囵个地往万人坑送。冬天，把死人攒在一块垛成垛，就像码冻猪肉瓣子似的，用爬犁、马车往万人坑拉，一次可运几十具。开始时有坟，后来坟挨坟，埋不下了，就坟摞坟。这样也埋不下了，干脆，把坟都起出来，扔进万人坑的三条100米长、4米宽、2米深的大沟里，他们把劳工的尸体像卸柴火一样地往沟里扔。据统计，埋进万人坑的死难劳工有15000多人。 1962年6月24日早晨，奶水一样明丽的阳光，镀亮了天地间的景物。吉林市孟佳火车站立在晴空下。7点多钟，周恩来总理乘坐的专列停靠在这里。车站外，停着三台红旗轿车，请周总理和邓颖超乘坐。周总理说：“我们乘坐一台就可以了嘛！”在中共吉林省委书记吴德、中共吉林市委书记刘慈凯等陪同下，周总理来到丰满发电厂视察。 正在现场检修设备的工人们听说周总理来了，都想目睹总理的风采，因考虑到总理的安全，保卫部门不让围看。工人们正在急得不知如何是好的时候，省委书记吴德同志发现了他们，就大声说：“别躲躲闪闪的，周总理来了，同志们要看就大大方方地走出来欢迎！”大家不约而同的跑出来站成了两排，热烈鼓掌欢迎周总理，周总理也神采奕奕地向大家挥手致意。大家看见，周总理身穿一套洗得发白的灰布衣服，衣领上还打着一块补丁，黑皮鞋已经穿得发白。周总理的伟人风度和朴素穿着给大家留下了深深的印象。 周总理健步来到工人中间，一面亲切地向大家问好，一面和前排的同志一一握手。当他发现后排有位女同志时，就亲切地说：“噢，这儿还有一位女同志呢！”说着就伸出手和这位女同志握手。厂长韩毅向周总理介绍说：“这是我厂唯一的女工程师李宝珠同志。”周总理听了非常高兴，又一次和她握手，并亲切地问她：“啥时毕业的？学什么专业？”李宝珠告诉周总理：“我是1952年从长春电机高职学校变电专业毕业分配到这里的。”周总理鼓励她说：“我们国家女工程师还不多呀，你要更好地钻研技术，多为发展电力工业作贡献。”周总理和其他同志一一握手便向发电机组走去。 周总理在丰满的视察中，厂领导介绍当时值班的值长孟宪儒是从工人中培养提拔起来的值长时，周总理热情地握着他的手说：“工人当上了值长，掌握洋设备，可不简单啊！”并关切地问：“工作当中有没有困难？”孟宪儒此时激动不已，满有信心地回答：“工作当中有困难，但一想到为党和毛主席争气，为中国工人阶级争光，再大困难也能克服！工作上有困难，就向老工程技术人员请教，努力提高技术水平。”周总理点了点头，表示赞许。 当周总理从中央控制室走出来时，迎面遇到了一个青年工人。这个小青年很不好意思地说了一声：“总理好！”便慌忙把手背了过去。此时，周总理把手伸了出来，小青年很不情愿地把乌黑油腻的手也伸了过去，周总理主动和他握手。此情此景深深感染了在场的每一个人，至今仍成为流传在职工中的佳话。 周总理视察完厂房后，便来到了溢流坎，向陪同的厂领导问道，一个闸门放流量是多少？11个闸门全开，最大放流量是多少？接着又向韩毅厂长询问了全厂有多少人？职工生活怎么样？当听说工厂还办了一个农场，周总理又问道，什么时候粮食能自给？韩毅厂长如实回答了总理的提问。 随后，周总理又驱车来到了坝上，眺望青山绿水的松花湖，感慨万千，眉头紧锁，非常严肃地询问身边的工程技术人员：库区蓄水量多少？大坝抵御洪水的能力？8台发电机组全出力发电，需要多少天，能将水库水放完？当听完回答后，周总理又一次沉思起来，当他紧锁的眉头舒展开以后，对陪同前来的省、市领导说，要有一条泄水洞就好了。此时，在场的人才理解总理当时的心情，总理是在考虑一旦发生战争或遭遇特大洪水，为水库下游千百万人民群众生命财产的安全而担心啊！ 周总理在视察中，那种不辞辛苦、忘我工作的精神，生活朴素、平易近人、和蔼可亲的风范，关心人民生活和职工成长的形象，给全厂职工留下了极为深刻的印象。周总理对发电厂工作所作的重要指示“要取长补短，改造洋设备，赶超世界先进水平”，一直铭记在职工心间。 遵照周总理的指示，全厂职工进行挖潜、革新，先后对原发电机组进行了更新改造，不仅提高了机组自动化水平，而且增加了6.25万千瓦的调峰容量。自1948年丰满解放至1999年累计发电810亿千瓦时，创产值52亿元，为国家经济建设做出了重大贡献。同时，实现了计算机监控，向现代化企业迈出了坚实的一步。 遵照周总理的指示，历时10年采用化学灌浆、新材料等和预应力锚固先进技术完成了大坝左岸山体内开掘一条洞径为9米，全长688.5米的泄水洞，进一步提高了防洪能力，确保了大坝的安全，从而了却了总理的生前心愿。 遵照周总理的指示，先后进行了二期、三期扩建工程，新装发电机组4台，增加发电容量45万千瓦。至此，丰满发电厂进入百万水电大厂的行列，使这个老水电厂旧貌换新颜，焕发了青春。 遵照周总理的指示，始终坚持和加强技术培训工作，努力学习先进技术，提高广大职工的科学技术水平，造就了一支较高技术素质的职工队伍。先后向葛洲坝、丹江口、刘家峡等全国20多个水电厂输送了近千名领导干部和技术骨干。其中高级专业人员和副处级以上干部达二百余人，为水电事业的发展做出了新的贡献。 目前，丰满发电厂党政领导班子，仍然遵照总理的指示，带领全厂职工，团结拼搏，开拓进取，争创一流水电厂，谱写新篇章，再创辉煌，以告慰周总理的英灵。 一处风景如果能让登临者灵感顿生，吞吐成诵，那必是绝妙胜地。 松花湖是丰满发电厂的拦河大坝合龙后形成的大型河谷水库，往东南17公里处就是有名的江城吉林市，湖市相连，形成了美轮美奂的风景区。如何美？我们选读几首从美景中提炼出的华章锦句。 1964年7月8日，朱德委员长与董必武副主席视察丰满水电厂后，乘舟冒雨畅游松花湖。朱德次日欣然命笔，成诗一首《松花湖》： 雨帘中的清波翠浪，烟柳松韵，逗引得董必武也按捺不住诗兴，与朱德唱和一首，题目是《游松花湖用朱委员长韵》： 1986年7月12日，诗人贺敬之来丰满发电厂视察，也被松花湖的景致所陶醉，题词曰：水明三峡少，林秀西子无，此行傲范蠡，输我松花湖。 1991年1月9日，时任中共中央总书记的江泽民同志来吉林市视察，观赏了雾凇后，即兴吟诵四句：“寒江雪柳，玉树琼花，吉林树挂，名不虚传。”1998年2月19日，江泽民同志见到了吉林在京开会的同志，忆及旧景，为《长白山诗词选》作七绝二首： 一九九一年一月，第三次到吉林，旧地重游，倍感亲切。恰雾凇奇景，满城树挂，写下寒江雪柳，玉树琼花，吉林树挂，名不虚传。一九九八年三月，两会期间，吉林同志索句京华，忆及旧景，思于今事，吟成七绝二首。 one 寒江雪柳日新晴， 玉树琼花满月春。 历尽天华成此景， 人间万事出艰辛。 two 又是神州草木春， 同商国计聚京城。 满堂共话中兴事， 万语千言赤子情。 一九九八年三月十九日 诗在本质上说是一种高级的心智活动，这种心智活动能够洞见人与外部世界之间的内在联系，沟通人的精神与外部世界的联系。 我们现在就仔细地看一看“外部世界”的松花湖吧。 松花湖是指湖面两侧山脊分水岭以内，下起丰满区的阿什，上至松花江与辉发河的汇合口，湖长180公里，最宽处5公里，水深30—40米，最深处75米。整个湖区面积550平方公里，最大蓄水量108亿立方米。松花湖于1988年8月10日经国务院审定为国家级风景名胜区。 松花湖上游还依次形成红石湖、白山湖，共同成为吉林大地上的三颗明珠。松花湖下游距丰满发电厂10.3公里处松花江上拦腰兴建了一个反调节水库，使丰满电站变成一座全调峰电站，东北百姓从此不愁用电，还可以满足下游城市用水，更有利于雾凇的出现。 雾凇是雾气遇冷凝结在垂柳枝上而形成的美丽景观。也称为雪柳、“树挂”、“银花”、“冰花”。江城雾凇是世界的一个奇观。 雾凇古已有之，宋代的诗文曾有记录。据《墨庄漫录》载：“东北冬月寒甚，夜气塞空如雾，著于林木，凝结如珠玉，见日乃消，齐、鲁谓之雾凇。谚云：'雾凇重雾凇，穷汉置饭壅。'丰收之兆也。曾子固在齐州诗云云。”曾子固即曾巩，唐宋八大家之一，诗风清新，写景别有韵致。他曾写过七绝《雾凇》： 雾凇是普遍存在的，凡是有气温急剧变化的地方，就会有雾凇出现。然而，吉林雾凇得天独厚，天生丽质，剔透晶莹，是任何地方的雾凇不可与之相媲美的。 松花江的雾凇特在哪里呢？ 原来吉林雾凇形成的基本原因是：吉林市区的松花江上游是丰满发电站，从发电站排放的水使松花江水温度升高，与市区环境气温形成较大的温差，于是产生雾气；雾气在飘散中遇到了冷空气，在即冻未冻之时凝华到物体上，便形成了美丽的雾凇。我们用肉眼看那雾凇是白色的颗粒，可是科学家在高倍显微镜下看到的却是呈六角形的晶体花片。 观赏吉林雾凇应该在雾凇形成之前的夜里，去观赏松花江上的雾气景象。 有雾凇的时候，一般在前一天夜里出现雾气。大约在夜里九十点钟，松花江上开始有缕缕的雾气升腾，逐渐地那雾气越来越大、越来越浓，直到松花江上尽是翻腾滚滚的浓雾，那情景就好似松花江沸腾了一般。这时，那大团大团的白雾，从江面不停地向岸边缓缓地飘流。有的雾像一缕缕细纱，那“细纱”似乎被树枝撕破了，缠绕在树枝上不动；有的雾则像朵朵白云，在空间飘浮。在树空较大的地方，那飘来的雾竟像棉花团，正在不停地堆着很高很高的“棉花山”。白雾慢慢地飘到松江路上，因为气压低，雾立刻贴着路面向前飘流，霎时间松江路成了一条齐刷刷的雾流。更有趣的是，看那路上的骑车人，因为雾气遮掩了自行车身，那行人就像从云中飘来那样神奇。后来，雾气逐渐向市区扩散，弥漫了整个市区，高楼在雾中忽隐忽现，灯