Chapter 52 Chapter 51 Watching Bitao from the Red Bank - A Story About Nenjiang
In 1957, I graduated from the Department of Mechanical Engineering of Tianjin University and was assigned to a newly built factory on the North Man Prairie in Heilongjiang - Fulaerji Heavy Machinery Factory to do technical work.At that time, Fulaerji was a small fishing village inhabited by Daur people, with no more than 2,000 residents.I took the train from Tianjin, changed trains several times, and walked for several days before I came to this place whose name cannot be found on the map.When I got out of the train station, I saw a desert everywhere. For a while, I didn't know what to do.After repeated inquiries, I finally found the factory I was going to report to.At that time, it was still working in a simple house, which belonged to the category of "dry hit base".Needless to say, I, a college student from a big modern city, was very disappointed, and felt that I was too wronged to come to such a desolate place.However, after a while, I turned my worries into joy.Because I heard from the comrades who arrived first that this place is a "geomantic treasure", and the factory site was chosen here after many experts' arguments.They told me: "Fulaerji" is the transliteration of "Hulan Errige" in Daur language, which means "red river bank".Therefore, Fulaerji is nicknamed "Red Bank".There is also a beautiful legend about the origin of the name "Red Bank": a long time ago, this place was haunted by wild wolves, roe deer, and badger pigs.One day, a young Daur hunter came here to chase his prey. He felt very thirsty because he hadn't drank water for a long time.But here there was no source of water to drink until he was dying of thirst.At this time, it happened that a fairy in red clothes passed by in the air, and when she saw the appearance of the young man, she suddenly felt pity.So, she waved her hand, and with the silver bracelet in her hand, a big river was formed immediately, and the river flowed down. The sweet river water nourished the young man and brought him back to life.After waking up, the Daur youth saw the red-clothed girl in front of him at a glance, and he respected and loved him in his heart.So, they fell in love with each other at first sight and made an appointment to form a good relationship.On the day of their wedding, the fairy inlaid a ruby on the bank of the big river where they met. The ten-mile river bank was shone with red light, dazzling and dazzling, making the bank red.Afterwards, they had children and multiplied their children and grandchildren. They lived on this land, surrounded by the big river beside them, made a living by fishing and hunting, and gave the place where they lived a wonderful name - Fulaerji.
This big river built by fairies with silver chains is now the Nen River.Fulaerji is located on the west bank of the Nen River, facing the rising sun, where the torrential river turns a corner and then flows into the distance.
As time passed, I don't know how many years later, the desolate small fishing village was suddenly planted with the red flag of the exploration team, and people from all walks of life came here from all directions, and great changes took place in Fularji.It turns out that the world has changed, new China was established, and large-scale construction began. Not only will the largest heavy machinery factory in my country be built here, but also the largest power plant and the largest special steel factory in Northeast my country will be built here. 156 key enterprises aided by the Soviet Union in a five-year plan.It is rare in the world to build such three large-scale large-scale enterprises in such a small and sparsely populated place.It is said that a series of factories and enterprises such as large-scale chemical plants, textile mills, and cement plants will be built in the future; two colleges and universities and scientific research units will be built; and oil and gas fields will be developed not far away.Why did the country make such an unusual decision?Take this place so seriously?One of the important factors is that they will be next to the Nen River in the future, using the inexhaustible water of the Nen River to feed these large users who need to consume huge water resources.
In addition, the soil here is particularly firm after soaking in Nenjiang water.Just find a place to dig a deep pit of tens of meters, and the surroundings are neat and will not collapse. It is especially suitable for various caisson projects and underground projects in factories, and can simultaneously wedge tens of thousands of steel piles to carry tens of thousands of heavy loads.The natural resources here are extremely rich, and there are countless rare metals and rich oil and natural gas stored underground; the agricultural and sideline industries here are even richer, as evidenced by a folk song circulating everywhere: roe deer scooped up fish with sticks, pheasants fly in rice cookers .Just put a branch on the fertile black soil, and it will grow into a towering tree in a short time.One grain goes to the ground, and ten thousand seeds return to the warehouse. It is one of the most promising grain bases in our country.
What a beautiful picture of the future!My heart was immediately drawn to it.
Out of curiosity, my colleagues and I came to the bank of the Nen River shortly thereafter to watch the sacred and legendary river that will nurture us and our factory.Looking at it, it is really unusual.A broad river flows from north to south, mighty and mighty, green as jasper, billowing waves, shining silver, shaded by red clouds, golden wings and golden scales; towering ancient trees on both sides of the river, meandering in rows, occasionally there are giant scorpions galloping by on the river, lonely Fan Yuanying has a panoramic view, which is refreshing.Ah, Nenjiang, what a magnificent, magical, legendary and imaginative river!
I have lived and worked in Fulaerji near Nenjiang River for decades, longer than I lived in Jiangsu where I was born. "Recalling the past, the years are thick": In summer, in the waves of the surging river, the current hits the water, and the waves hold back the flying boat; It is a lot of fun to break open ice holes for winter swimming.So, I see it as my second home.Out of my love for the Nen River, after many visits, investigations, data collection, and hearsay, I finally have an understanding of the ins and outs of the Nen River, its impact on the black land, and its blessings and misfortunes in the world from ancient times to the present. I have a certain understanding, and now I will roughly write it down, as a little nostalgia for a wanderer from afar...
It turns out that the Nenjiang River is the largest tributary of the Songhua River, which flows through the two provinces of Jilin and Heilongjiang in China.In Heilongjiang Province, the Nen River was named Nanshui in ancient times, also known as Nan River.According to the "Heilongjiang Chronicles": "Nenjiang is translated as Meijiang, and Nen is translated as Sister's Sister in Manchurian", which means "green", and the river is green, so it got its name.
The source of the Nenjiang River is Yilehuli Mountain, a branch of the northern foot of the Greater Khingan Mountains, and the Nanliu flows above Nenjiang County to receive many tributaries flowing from the east slope of the Greater Khingan Mountains and the west slope of the Lesser Khingan Mountains. The river is clear and swift.After leaving the mountain, it enters the Songnen Plain and flows eastward into the Songhua River after joining the Second Songhua River.It has a total length of more than 1,300 kilometers and a drainage area of 283,000 square kilometers.Due to the cold climate, perennial tundra is distributed in the upper reaches of the Nen River.The river generally has a freezing period of 4 months. After the freezing thaws, the river boat can sail from Daxinganling to Qiqihar City. In April and May, the glaciers thawed, and the mountains and seas of ice flowed down the river. It was magnificent and spectacular.
The Nen River flows through the Songnen Plain with a gentle slope, and the river course is tortuous, forming many lakes and swamps.The ice and snow began to melt in spring, and in the rainy season in summer and autumn, the flowing water of many rivers and canals converged in the big river and broke the dams, causing frequent floods, thus posing a great threat to the life and property of the people in the river basin, and it is people's confidant worry.
Nen River, according to its topography, landform and valley characteristics, is divided into three sections: upstream, middle and downstream.From the source of Nenjiang River to Nenjiang County is the upstream section, with a length of 661 kilometers.Heyuan District is the famous Daxing'an Mountains forest area, where there are dense forests, numerous swamps, narrow river valleys, large river slopes, turbulent and unstoppable currents, water surface widths of 100-200 meters, and river gradients of 14.2‰. Gravel composition.Below the Heyuan area, the river channel gradually widens, with a gradient of 3.1-3.6‰, and many tributaries flow into it one after another. The water volume increases suddenly, and the width of the river valley can reach 5-10 kilometers.From Nenjiang County to Nierji of Moli Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner is the middle reaches, which is the transition zone from mountains to plains, and the river course is 122 kilometers long.The two banks are mostly low mountains and hills, and the terrain is slightly flatter than that of the upper reaches, but the two banks are asymmetrical, especially on the left bank, where the valley is very wide.There are few tributaries in the middle reaches, except that the river passes through Nenjiang County for 4 kilometers, and the Gan River, a larger tributary on the right bank, joins the main stream.From Nierji to the mouth of the Sancha River is the downstream section, with a length of 587 kilometers.This section of the river enters the vast Songnen Plain. The river course is winding, with many beaches, sandbars, and river branches. The beach is 7.4 meters high, and marshes, wetlands and oxbow lakes are widely distributed on the beach, forming a relatively complex topography.
After the river flows close to Qiqihar City, the river channel gradually eases, with an average slope of 0.2-0.1‰, the water surface of the main channel becomes narrower and shallower, the width is only 300-400 meters, and the water depth is only 3-4 meters, which is not conducive to the flow of the river. If it leaks, it is easy to cause floods, which we will describe in detail later.
The river network density in the lower reaches is relatively high. On the right bank, large tributaries such as the Nuomin River, Yalu River, Chuoer River, and Taoer River flow into the Nen River. The vast area on the left bank is basically an inland closed-flow area, with large swamps and chain-link lakes. and wetlands.The height difference from Heyuan to the mouth of Sancha River is as high as 900 meters.Such a high drop is also one of the important reasons for the flooding of the Nen River.
Most of the tributaries of the Nen River are on the right bank: 8 tributaries with a drainage area of more than 10,000 square kilometers, of which 6 are on the right bank.The tributaries on the left and right banks all originate from the branches of the Greater and Lesser Khingan Mountains, and are formed along the slope of the Greater and Lesser Khingan Mountains, from northeast to southwest, or from northwest to southeast, and then merge into the main stream.Most of the large floods that occurred on the Nenjiang River in history were caused by the collection of water from various tributaries on the right bank of the eastern slope of the Greater Khingan Mountains.Due to the topographical conditions, once there is heavy rain in summer and autumn, it often forms a rainstorm center.At the same time, because the middle and upper reaches of the major tributaries are mostly hilly areas prone to floods, and the flow rate is relatively large. During previous heavy rains or continuous rainfall, the water volume of the major tributaries poured into the main stream one after another, forming a major flood in the main stream. This is how the catastrophic flood of the Nen River in 1998, which occurred once in a hundred years, was formed.
The meteorological and hydrological elements of the Nenjiang River vary greatly within a year, between years and regions.The maximum annual precipitation is 937.4 mm, and the minimum annual precipitation is 152.5 mm.The annual precipitation is mainly concentrated in June-September, accounting for about 82% of the annual precipitation, of which July and August account for the largest proportion, and the precipitation in the rest of the time is negligible.Such meteorological and hydrological conditions are determined by the geographical location of the Nenjiang River Basin.
The annual average runoff at the mouth of the Nenjiang River is 22.5 billion cubic meters.The distribution of runoff within and between years is very uneven. June-September is the largest, but the difference between the maximum and minimum average flow in these months is 50-80 times; the maximum and minimum annual average runoff generally differs by 4-10 times, and the difference between the largest and 30-60 times.These situations are rare for ordinary rivers in our country, which is also formed by their geographical location.
The Nen River Basin belongs to the cold temperate semi-humid continental climate.The winter is long and cold, and the summer is short and rainy. According to relevant data, the annual average temperature is only 2-4°C, the lowest temperature is -39.5°C, and the highest temperature is 40.1°C.In winter, the Nenjiang River is frozen for about 150 days, and the thickness of the ice layer is about one meter.Trucks can drive across the river.
The Nen River Basin spans 6 cities [League] and 26 counties [cities, banners] in Heilongjiang Province, Jilin Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.The left bank is within the territory of Heilongjiang Province, most of the right bank is within the scope of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and the right bank of the lower reaches of the Taoer River and the lower reaches of the main stream of the Nen River is the area of Jilin Province.Therefore, people often say that the Nen River spans three provinces and regions, which is well-founded.
The tributaries of the Nen River mainly include the Gan River, the Nemoer River, the Nuomin River, the Chuoer River, and the Taoer River.The upper reaches of the main and tributary streams flow through forested mountainous areas, with good vegetation, relatively light soil erosion and low sand content.The middle and lower reaches pass through the Songnen Plain, and pass through the alluvial platform in the middle. The slope is steep and the current is strong, and the river is highly erosive. A large amount of sediment is swept away by the current and enters the Songhua River. Therefore, it has become an important source of sediment in the Songhua River.The downstream is the boundary river of Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces. The slope of the river is very small, and the river bends like a snake crawling, resulting in slow water flow. The width of the river can reach 400-1000 meters. islands.Wetlands and swamps abound along the river, and lakes and paozi are closely connected, forming a major geographical feature.
The riverbanks located in Jilin Province are all terraces above Dalai, mostly steep cliffs with a height of more than 10 meters, forming natural dikes, and disasters rarely occur; the river flow below Dalai is completely controlled by built dikes to prevent water suffer from.However, during the flood period, the river is 1-2 kilometers wide and 8-13 meters deep. The water is fierce, the waves are undulating, and the torrent is surging. .
Due to the cold climate, the river begins to freeze in mid-November every year, freezes in late November, and thaws in early April of the following year. It finally freezes in mid-April, and the freezing period lasts for about 160 days.At the coldest time, the ice layer is more than one meter long, and trucks can pass by on the river; fish hunters dig through the thick ice layer and fish in deep ice holes. A hundred catties of fish, with bright silver flowers and lively jumping, is another kind of spectacle.
The flowing water of the Nenjiang River has nourished many important towns, which are well-known in history and reality. The most typical one is the current Nenjiang County.
The original Nenjiang area of Heilongjiang Province was named after the Nenjiang River flowing through the whole territory. It originally included counties and cities such as Qiqihar and Longjiang, and later set up a separate county called "Nenjiang County". It is adjacent to Fulaerji and is the most representative of the Nenjiang River Basin. sex area.Through it, you can get a glimpse of the general picture of the Nenjiang River Basin, which is generally referred to as "Nenjiang" by people. It can be used to trace and understand the history of Nenjiang River.
Nenjiang County is located in the northwest of Heilongjiang Province, spanning 124°44′30″-126°49′30″ east longitude and 48°42′35″-51°00′05″ north latitude.It is bounded by Yilehuli Mountain in the north and borders Huma County; it is adjacent to Xiaoxing'an Mountains in the east, adjacent to Aihui District, Sunwu County, and Wudalianchi City; The Songnen Plain borders the Nuo River and Qiqihar City.The geographical location is very important, and it is an important pier in the Nenjiang River Basin.
The ancient city of "Nenjiang" was called "Mergen" in the past, and it has a lot of origins. It is closely related to this great river and is inseparable; so I will write more about it here.
People think that it is a famous city in the early years of northern my country.It has a long and long history. According to history books, it is the main throat for the frontier to enter the mainland.Mergen is as famous as Aihui, Bukui, Hailaer, Sanxing, Hulan, Ningguta and other towns, and is one of the famous "seven towns outside the border". "Shengjing Tongzhi" stated that it "lacks mountains in the north, borders fertile fields in the south, and is surrounded by rivers and rivers, and the upper and lower hubs".
It is precisely because of the fortress in the Nenjiang River Basin that Mergen has outstanding people, and its ancestors have played a major role in the development and construction of the motherland's frontiers and the consolidation of national defense.
As early as the Neolithic Age, there were traces of human activities in the Nen River Basin.In the era of Emperor Shun, the ancestors of Sushen in the Nenjiang River Basin had already "tributary bows and arrows" and belonged to the big family of the Chinese nation.In the Ming Dynasty, Mulijiwei, which was officially established as a military and political unit, was the transfer station and support point for the central government of the Ming Dynasty to manage the Heilongjiang and Nenjiang River Basins.In the early Qing Dynasty, a post was set up here.Kangxi was a military-minded emperor who attached great importance to defending the country's territory. It can be said that every inch of land must be fought for.In the 22nd year of Kangxi [AD 1683], in order to prevent and fight against the coveting and aggression of the Russian Cossacks on the Heilongjiang River Basin, it was decided to build a permanent garrison in Heilongjiang, and set up post stations from Heilongjiang to Ula, Jilin.Morgan is one of the most critical stations in this section, and the chief of Sauron is stationed here.In the twenty-fourth year of Kangxi [1865], the city was specially built and troops garrisoned.In the twenty-ninth year of Kangxi [1690], the General of Heilongjiang moved from Heilongjiang City to Moergen.Ten years later, in the winter of 1699, it was moved from Moergen to Bukui, which is now Qiqihar City.And Qi City has naturally become the fortress of the Nenjiang River Basin.
General Heilongjiang has jurisdiction over a wide area, from the Waixing'an Mountains in the north to the Ergun River in the west, along the Bulieya Mountains in the east, to the west of the confluence of Heilongjiang and Songhua River, and to the bank of the Songhua River south of Qiqihar in the south.At that time, the jurisdiction of the deputy capital of Melbourne was also quite large, with a length of 385 kilometers from north to south and a width of 424 kilometers from east to west, with a total area of 71,225 square kilometers. In 1908, the Qing Dynasty abolished the deputy capital of Mergen and set up Nenjiang Prefecture.Later it was renamed Nenjiang area, and then it was reorganized and called Nenjiang County until now.Now Nenjiang County's political district graphics are like a giant axe.People often say that it was this giant ax that split the Xing'an Mountains and created the Nenjiang Plain.
There are many folk legends about the origin of Morgan, which sounds very interesting. I will choose the most important ones and stick to them later.
It is said that Moergen [also known as Muliji] is Mongolian [also said is Manchu], and the Chinese means "good at shooting", that is, "people who are good at hunting" or "spiritual energy", "people with wisdom". ".It means that the people living here make a living by "beating animals".The second is that Mo'ergen is derived from the Mo'ergen River [a tributary of Nenjiang River] in the east of Nenjiang City, and the city was named after the name of the river.The third is that during the reign of Emperor Kangxi, someone dug a well here and accidentally found a stone with the words "Mo Laigeng" engraved in the Tang Dynasty on its surface.The three theories have their own merits, and "certificates" can be found, so they are all recognized by people.
In addition, Morgan is a most noble title.Dorgon, the founding father of the Qing Dynasty, was once named "Mergen Daiqing" [Chinese is Prince Rui, which means wise commander].It is said that this was the intention of Shunzhi's mother, Empress Xiaozhuang, which not only recognized Dorgon's outstanding achievements, but also contained some kind of court struggle connotation.At that time, the Qing Dynasty required people to address them in this way, otherwise, men would be punished to take off their swords and arrows, and women would be punished to take off their skirts in public.Its dignity and majesty can be seen, and Dorgon is also proud of it.
Morgan was originally the cradle of water-based Aboriginal peoples.Twenty-five years after Kangxi, the Eight Banners, Navy Camp, Guanzhuang, Post Station, etc. were set up. At that time, the population was prosperous and the traffic was busy, which was a prosperous scene.The "stand people" of the early post station were mostly the children of the guards, the old tribe of the San Francisco and exiles.The folk customs are honest and honest, and the human nature is simple.If one husband farms, a family of several mouths can "feed and have more than enough".The cooking, washing, and pounding are all done by women, and the division of labor between men and women is very strict.Banner camps and village stations each have their own livelihoods and careers. They all build cottages with thatched cottages and fences as walls, which are unique. "The aborigines build trees and cover thatch, women and children cooperate, and friends and relatives who are capable of doing things will help but not hire." If you don't close your house at night, there will be no danger of thieves; if you don't pick up things on the road, there will be no danger of robbery.The people have lived and worked in peace and contentment for a hundred years, and Yasai has become a "paradise".People still talk about it and miss the scene at that time.
The construction of the city of Morgan is also very large and characteristic.In 1686 AD, the planned area of the city of Mergen was 1.04 square kilometers, and the city was built as an inner city and outer walls.The inner city wall is fenced with pine wood, filled with rammed soil, 1.8 feet high, 1 foot wide, and 454 feet in circumference. A parapet is set up on it, and a turret is built at each of the four corners.The Wai Guo is made of soil, with a circumference of 8.5 li, with one gate each in the east, west, and south, and two gates in the north.In the twenty-ninth year of Kangxi [1690], on the grounds that "Mergen is located in the middle of the two towns, and the head and tail are easy to control", the General Yamen of Heilongjiang moved from Aihui to Mergen City, and moved to the vice capital unified member, Zuoling and Xiaoqi School Eight members each, each member of the naval battalion and five hundred Manchurian soldiers.In the city of Mergen, four additional leaders were added, Zuoling and Xiaoqi School each had seven members, and more than 400 soldiers from Sauron and Daur.During this period, government offices and mansions and other buildings were mostly built with polished bricks facing each other, with eaves in the front, canopies in the back, and steps in front of the door.In the 30th year of Kangxi, the relevant yamen also incorporated 900 Ewenki and Daur commanders and 900 soldiers into the Eight Banners of Murgen, which shows the importance of the strategic position, so it is called the "throat" of the Nenjiang River Basin.
The location of the key point and the special regional center of Morgan made it the location of the Heilongjiang General’s Mansion and the Deputy Capital’s Yamen for 208 years. It is the management center of the North Road Station from Jilin to Aihui Town via Morgan , At that time, it was worthy of being the leading town in the Nenjiang River Basin, and it was a key land and water terminal.Therefore, it has always had a high political and military status during the administration of General Sabsu and 42 deputy capitals.The emperors of the Qing Dynasty attached great importance to it. In its heyday, more than 3,000 navy and horse infantry troops were stationed to guard it closely.Morgan had indeed had a moment of prominence.
Morgan has lived up to the people's attention to it. In the Yaksa War against the Russian aggression, it was the most important logistics supply operation base and played a pivotal role in defeating the invaders.
Moreover, it is also the starting point of the post road to report the victory and defeat to Shangfeng during the war.From Mergen to Yaksa alone, 500 Mongolian soldiers quickly conveyed military information back and forth.In summer, boats are used to fly back and forth, and in winter, they slide on ice. The Nen River has become an important traffic route.After the Qing soldiers conquered Yaksa, it took only 11 days from here to deliver the victory report to Kangxi, so that Emperor Kangxi knew this important border defense area well and often gave orders.In the mind of this martial emperor, Mergen in the upper reaches of the Nen River occupies an extremely important position.At the same time, he earnestly warned his successors not to ignore the great river and the cities located beside it.
Because they are favored by the emperor, the defense of the country and border inspections are important responsibilities that General Heilongjiang and Vice President Mergen always keep in mind.Every year in May, the vice capital of Mergen always dispatches his garrison co-leader, leading hundreds of people to conduct inspections and border patrols together with Bu Kui (i.e. Qiqihar) and vice capital of Aihui.Every tour must go to the Ergun River, because the west of the river is the Russian territory.Inspect the sandy and grassy area on the east bank of the river, and carefully check whether there are traces of Russians grazing here. The purpose is to prevent Russians from violating our borders.It takes fifty or sixty days to patrol the border and go back and forth.General Heilongjiang and Vice President Mergen must fulfill this task every time they take office.At that time, it was very difficult to get to Murgen. First, you had to cross the Nuoni River, and then you had to go through the Xing’an Mountains in the northwest.In front of the boundary monument, a grand ceremony of offering sacrifices to mountains and rivers will be held. After that, the marks left over from last year will be taken away respectively, and the situation of this inspection tour will be re-recorded. "The title of each book is named sun and moon on the wooden sign", "for later test, this is a rule".That is absolutely unacceptable.After the border patrols were compiled into written materials, they were reported step by step to the deputy governor of Moergen, the general of Heilongjiang, and the Lifan Academy, and finally reported to the emperor.
Patrol is a very tough job.The mountain road is bumpy, full of thorns, and there are almost no traces, and there are often wild wolves passing through, and fierce tigers are in charge; the water road is full of swamps, and the depth is unpredictable.Officers and soldiers patrolling the border often need to choose a large iconic tree on the way, peel off the bark and leave a mark, so as to find the way back.At that time, there was a kind of poisonous insect called grasshopper growing in the mountains, lurking in the grass, waiting for the opportunity to move.When there is no wind in the sky or after heavy rain, they will jump out of the grass fiercely and pounce on people and animals, making you unable to dodge in time, often causing horses and cattle to bleed, and the soldiers' buttocks are all red, which is unspeakable misery.
At that time, food was the most important thing on the way and needed to be eaten at any time.However, because it took more than a hundred days to go back and forth, there was a lot of luggage, and it was difficult to carry all the food with them, so they had to hang food such as grain and moss on trees or bury them in the ground, leave a mark, and take them out when they returned, and barbecued and ate them on the spot.
Of course, such a tour is extremely hard, but there is also a certain kind of fun in it.According to the "Longsha Jilue": "Crossing hundreds of miles northwest of Nuoni, you will take the road. Tens of pines and tusks surround you, and your eyesight is poor. Walking through the forest, you can't see the sun at noon. The stone color is mottled, like Zhao Qianli's painting. Leisure things. There are stone caves, and there are several couch in the cave, which are as natural as carvings. Travelers pluck the grass, and get a little rest.” Because there is a poem describing it, the poem says: “In May, the grass grows on the border, and the westward journey reaches the river with light horses. Pile high mounds under barkless trees, and bury food on the way home.” Vividly outlines the hardships and feelings of the wanderers.
In the Qing Dynasty, due to its important strategic position, deep economic and cultural deposits, and rapid development of agriculture, handicrafts, commerce, transportation, and education, Morgan became the main distribution center and transfer station in the Sino-Russian trade channel. The main traffic artery is the Nen River, and the main means of transportation are ships on the Nen River.Especially in the late autumn of each year, there are hundreds of Russian business groups, or sixty or seventy people, in an endless stream. They all pass through Morgan to Bukui [that is, Qiqihar] for transactions, which is an important economic and trade fair between China and Russia. .The horses and cattle, furs, glass, sabers and the like carried by the Russians were exchanged for Chinese cloth, tobacco, ginger pepper, sugar syrup and other items.
Every spring, there is another activity called "Chulehan" [Daur language] at that time, that is, the meeting of soldiers and chariots.Most of the addresses are more than ten miles north of Bukui City.The specific regulations are that when the grass is green and sprouting, all Mongolian tribes and Yu people come to Tongshi, where merchants gather, business is booming, and it is very lively.In addition to paying mink fur to the generals of Heilongjiang, people of all ethnic groups mainly exchange commodities.People of various ethnic groups in the east and north of the Nen River and Russians, with local specialties, went through the city of Mergen to participate in this kind of trading activities; even a large amount of timber from the upper reaches of the Nen River was sold downstream here.Therefore, during the "Cullehan" period, the city of Morgan suddenly became a place of joy.After the hard and busy hunting season, people mostly drive their cattle, horses and families to the meeting.Tugu is also full of Taoism, people come here in high spirits, and return with full enjoyment, and they are full of "harvest" and joy.There are many records of this in history books, saying: "Wheels and hooves come and go, leather coins pile up, cows and horses cover the wild." It was an unprecedented grand occasion.
What needs to be pointed out in particular is that Morgan is also the starting point of the "Golden Road".In October 1888, Li Jinyong, a national industrialist, led dozens of officials and soldiers from Morgan along the old post road when he resisted Russia during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. He overcame thorns and thorns, felled trees and weeded weeds, and marched hard for 36 days and nights. At night, after going through untold hardships, I finally arrived at Mohe.On the basis of the old post road, they built a new post road with 33 post stations and a length of nearly 2,000 miles. From here, they went north to Mohe and developed the Laojingou gold mine in the upper reaches of Heilongjiang, becoming a real gold road. In 1889, the Qing court received 30,000 taels of gold from here, and another 50,000 taels of gold in 1895.All ingots of gold were transported to the capital from here, making great contributions to the precarious state finances of the late Qing Dynasty.Later generations have different opinions on the merits and demerits of this.
Mergen is the first city in Heilongjiang to set up government schools and start education.In the thirty-fourth year of Kangxi [1695], Heilongjiang general Sa Busu invited the emperor to build a school on the left and right wings of the Eight Banners of Mergen City, and set up assistant instructors.At that time, Emperor Kangxi was relatively open-minded, and allowed him to play. He set up a second free school in "Mergen City", and selected handsome young children under the leadership of each assistant in Xibo, Suolun, Dahuer and Jinmaopi Dahuer in New Manchuria. One each, go to school to study" [see "Longsha Zhilue"].The official school of the Eight Banners naturally focuses on learning Manchu, supplemented by riding and shooting.In addition, the dissemination of religious culture was also very popular at that time. Altars and temples were set up everywhere, and Buddha statues were molded. The temples in the pass are full of golden statues.During the Kangxi period, a Confucian Temple was specially built in the southeast corner of the city. This should be the earliest place to worship Confucius in Heilongjiang.The rulers and subjects of the Manchu Qing Dynasty also worshiped Confucius very much.
Except for a very small number of officials of the Eight Banners who studied Manchu and practiced riding and shooting, there were very few people who were proficient in Chinese classics and historical articles.Later, in order to consolidate its ruling position, the emperor of the Qing Dynasty established a large number of officials and literati in prisons. Some of them were killed, and many of them were exiled from the customs and lived outside the Great Wall. Call it "reform through labor"], and some were exiled to the area around Morgan.Most of these people were intellectuals full of knowledge and knowledge, and they unconsciously spread the Han style of writing, which was accepted by local students and gradually spread to the masses.At that time, there was a bamboo branch poem [folk song] describing crossing the Nen River, which was probably composed by these "prisoners". The lotus sets in the sun." The poetic flavor is very strong, and the description of the emotion and scene is very vivid and fascinating, so it has been widely spread and is sung everywhere.
Although there has been development and construction in Morgan, the living environment was extremely difficult at that time because it was located in a frontier and a bitter cold place.Let's look at the description of the predecessors: "It is cold in all seasons, and the fur begins to be removed in May. It is hot for more than ten days in June, which is similar to the capital. The night is still not heavy, and the clothes are cotton in July. After the beginning of winter, Shuo Qi pierces the muscles and bones, standing outdoors to breathe, and the beard and eyebrows are all cold. When you go out, you must warm your ears and nose with your palms. If you don’t slack off, the nose will die, and the helix will make the sound of cracking bamboo. Years ago, in the seventh month, the river was frozen, and we no longer knew that there would be heat. In the mountain city of Mergen, the cold was getting fiercer, and the kang lying on the kang would be a fire all night, and a large furnace was set up. The firewood was burned on the side. As soon as the flames were exhausted, the cold air entered the room. Those who lie down start to get up in shock, counting their salaries until they reach Dan. In July, there is snow in Mergen. The snow does not need clouds, but the sleet flies on a sunny day. Or the bright moon is clear, and the hedge is closed in the morning. Sunshine Gao Gao, the snow has not stopped yet." From this vivid description, we can fully see how harsh the natural environment of this area was at that time. This piece of land has endured hardships, made unimaginable sacrifices, and made great contributions.
As mentioned earlier, although the city of Mergen is located in the alpine region, it was once a brilliant pearl in the North Manchu grassland in the Nenjiang River Basin.However, when the Eight-Power Allied Forces launched an attack on our country during the Gengzi period, the Russian invaders also took advantage of the opportunity, and Mergen was destroyed as a result.On August 10, 1900, in the battle with the Russian invaders in Beidaling, Fengxiang, the commander of the North Road, died heroically. On August 18, the Russian army entered Mergen and looted all of the city. Three hundred and forty-four rooms, including the city walls, Heilongjiang general's office, deputy capital's office, printing room, archive room and various warehouses, were either demolished or destroyed. Some were even burned to ashes by invading bandits.Today, there are no ruins for future generations to pay tribute to. Only the flowing water of the Nen River has witnessed the suffering and shame of this land.
In 1908, the city of Morgan was relocated to Nenjiang Prefecture. Nenjiang County was established in 1913.After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, it was recovered by the Northeast Democratic Alliance led by our party, and a democratic regime was established in August 1945. In March 1946, the People's Government of Nenjiang County was established, belonging to the Nenjiang area of Heilongjiang Province.It has a vast territory and well-developed transportation, especially the water transport of the Nenjiang River, which is a major traffic route and a commodity distribution center connecting the Heihe Port, radiating the Greater Khingan Mountains and the eastern part of Inner Mongolia.The area of arable land is large, ranking second in Heilongjiang Province. It is a famous production base of wheat beans, potatoes and sugar beets in the country, and is known as the granary of the North Country.Forest resources, grassland resources, and mineral resources are very rich. 62 kinds of metal minerals such as copper, gold, molybdenum, iron, tungsten, zinc, and nickel have been discovered. Among them, the reserves of copper occupy the first place in the province and the third in the country.Nenjiang has a long history and rich humanities. Soetu, the Minister of the Qing Dynasty, led the mission and the 100,000 water and army regiments to rest here for three months. They went north to the Luogu River and signed the "Sino-Russian Nerchinsk Treaty" with Russia; General Su and 42 deputy commanders once colonized and guarded the frontier here, enlightened and enlightened, and fought against Tsarist Russia; Li Jinyong, a national industrialist, built bridges and roads north to Mohe on this base, creating the "golden road"; "Afterwards, the Japanese invaders occupied the three eastern provinces of our country, and the anti-Japanese coalition forces led by the Communist Party also traveled across the land of Nenjiang to fight against the Japanese invaders and achieved great victories repeatedly.After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the officers and soldiers of the garrison farms and the officers and soldiers of the agricultural reclamation who came here one after another. The indelible contribution has composed a series of touching heroic hymns in the construction of the frontier.
Looking back at the history of Morgan, it is evocative.It is the flowing water of the Nen River, showing a brilliant brilliance, and it is the torrential blue waves of the Nen River that have created its glory.
As for other important counties and cities in the Nenjiang River Basin, they also rely on the nourishment of this great river to develop and strengthen themselves, affecting the production and construction of the entire Heilongjiang Province and even the whole country.
In this regard, people will first think of Qiqihar City, which is located in the central and western part of the Nenjiang River Basin.
Qiqihar, known as "Bukui" in ancient times, is the political, economic, cultural and commercial center of western Heilongjiang.嫩江从市中心流过，它始建于公元1125年，至今已经有800多年的历史，不仅仅是嫩江流域的重镇，而且还是“欧亚大陆桥”的重要连接点。齐齐哈尔曾经做过多年的黑龙江省会，扼嫩江之咽喉，水、陆、空四通八达，地位极其重要。现有面积4.24万平方公里，人口500余万，有汉、满、蒙、回、达斡尔、赫哲、鄂伦春等35个民族。
齐齐哈尔的工农业都很发达，是东北重要的老重工业基地，有大小工厂企业数百家，生产了各种民用机器和军工产品，销售全中国，有的产品甚至销往全世界。是全国最大的35个城市之一。它身边的扎龙自然保护区，芦苇丛生，飞鸟成群，成千上万的丹顶鹤，栖息在芦荡内，招徕五湖四海三大洋的游客，前来观光，变成闻名于世的旅游胜地。
另外，就是开头笔者写到的富拉尔基了。
富拉尔基虽然名义上属于齐齐哈尔地区，但是已经自成系统，是闻名世界的工业重镇。嫩江在其周围转了半个圈儿，然后向南奔腾而去。富拉尔基原来只是一个荒凉的小渔村，几十年来，和新中国一起成长，各方面都有长足的发展。为国家生产了许多具有世界先进水平的机器产品。被周恩来总理誉为“国宝”的中国第一重型机器厂，早在上个世纪60年代便生产了我国第一台万吨水压机、3万吨模锻水压机、大型轧钢机、铝板轧机以及大电站的转子、大型舰艇的龙骨；北满特种钢厂，是独一无二的大型钢铁联合企业，生产了用于制造“两弹一星”的钢材和其他一些国家特需的特种钢材；富拉尔基发电厂供应了几乎全部黑龙江的电能，缓解了东北老工业区能源的压力。其他如黑龙江化工厂、纺织厂、水泥厂等企业的产品，都在黑龙江占有重要的位置。
特别值得大书一笔的是，1959年发现的大庆油田，一举甩掉中国石油落后的帽子后，多年来为国家提供了数十亿吨“工业血液”，巍巍石油城，以崭新的雄姿，屹立在嫩江之滨，为我国的社会主义四化大业，做出了不可磨灭的巨大贡献。
上述这些城市的生存和发展，无不借助于嫩江的流波，因此，它们都是嫩江值得骄傲的儿子。现在，它们均享誉海内外。关于这方面的报道数不胜数，在此就不多加赘述了。
在林海莽莽的大、小兴安岭中，嫩江蜿蜒奔腾南下。美丽富饶的嫩江两岸，繁衍生息着许多少数民族兄弟，据调查统计，约有35个以上少数民族聚居于这里。但是，最具代表性的是那个勇敢善良的民族——达斡尔族同胞。他们的生存与发展和嫩江有着休戚相关、密不可分的关系。因此，在这里略加介绍。
几个世纪以来，勤劳、骁勇的达斡尔族人民与各族人民一道，共同开发祖国东北边疆，为保卫祖国的神圣领土进行了不屈不挠的斗争。公元1643年，达斡尔族人民就在嫩江岸边，凭借着这道天堑，英勇击退沙俄殖民者的入侵。1651年，沙俄侵略军再次入侵黑龙江流域，进而企图侵占嫩江流域的城乡。面对侵略者的炮火，达斡尔族人民手持大刀、长矛和弓箭进行顽强的抵抗。战士们宁死不屈，有近百人在战斗中英勇牺牲，他们用自己的鲜血捍卫了祖国的神圣领土。同时，在反击沙俄入侵的雅克萨战役和收复新疆伊犁的战斗中，在中日甲午战争、抗日战争等一系列抵御帝国主义入侵的战争中，达斡尔族人民都英勇参战，前仆后继，不怕流血牺牲，为保卫祖国做出了重要贡献。
17世纪以前，达斡尔族已在黑龙江北岸结成村落，聚族而居，是当地经济文化最发达的民族。从黑龙江北岸南迁后，达斡尔族人民开拓嫩江流域的土地，为开发祖国的东北边疆做出了不懈的努力，成绩卓著。在漫长的社会发展过程中，达斡尔人民利用得天独厚的自然资源，进行农、猎、牧、林特别是捕鱼等多种生产活动。他们不仅把这种多种经营生产方式，从黑龙江北岸带到了嫩江流域，而且随着时代的进步，不断给他们的多种经济活动增添新的内容。
达斡尔族具有本民族语言，但没有文字，主要使用汉文；少数人兼通满文、蒙古文和哈萨克文。由于居住分散，达斡尔语形成了布特哈、齐齐哈尔和新疆三种方言，虽然语音、词汇、语法略有不同，但差别不大，可以互通。
达斡尔族重视教育，在清代就设有满文学堂，20世纪30年代初组织教育促进会，捐款资助办学校，帮助贫困学生深造。中华人民共和国成立后，受到党和政府的特殊关怀，文教事业迅速发展，义务教育得到了普及，许多人都受到完整的学校教育，大学毕业已经不是稀罕的事了。现在有不少科学家、文学家是达斡尔人。
达斡尔族有丰富的民间文学。内容有关于人类起源的、膜拜大自然景色的、图腾崇拜的，更多的则是叙述和赞颂英雄人物的神话传说。清代达斡尔族文人阿拉布丹写有《蝴蝶花的荷包》、、《戒酒歌》等数十篇优秀作品。深受达斡尔族人民喜爱的《少朗与代夫》，叙述了19世纪后半叶达斡尔族反抗民族压迫、反抗封建统治者的英雄故事，是一篇具有人民性和战斗性的优秀作品。近代达斡尔族文人钦同普创作的《农夫歌》、《打鱼歌》、《伐木歌》等作品，也在达斡尔族人民中广泛流传。而且它们几乎都是以嫩江流域做背景的，读了这些作品，更加深了我们对嫩江的认识。
历史悠久的渔猎生活，滔滔的嫩江洪流，造就了达斡尔族独具特色的民间体育，与民众生产生活息息相关的体育活动，强化了达斡尔人的剽悍和旷达的性格。
在达斡尔族的民间体育活动中，有适应狩猎生产和抵御外来敌人的武装斗争需要而兴起的射箭运动；有摔跤、扳棍、颈力赛等极为普及的体育活动；更有久负盛名的传统体育活动——曲棍球。早在我国辽代，达斡尔族的先民——契丹人中就盛行与现代曲棍球相似的运动。这种运动历久不衰，直到现在仍然被坚持着，可以说是独树一帜了。
达斡尔族人的住所也具有鲜明的特色：一幢幢坐北朝南的高大的“介”字形草房，内壁和大棚装饰着各种图案，大方雅观。家家户户的院墙围绕着红柳条编织的带有各种花纹的篱笆，恰如一幅幅彩色的油画，再映衬着一江碧水，令人赏心悦目。
达斡尔族人喜欢吃加牛奶的稞子米饭和荞麦面、饼等，肉食以晒肉干和煮、烤肉为主，不习惯吃炒肉。节日宴会里待客的珍贵菜有“手扒肉”。男人于夏天多身穿布衣，外加长袍，用白布包头，戴草帽，足踏“奇卡来”【皮靴】；妇女则身穿以蓝色为主的长袍，夏日喜欢穿白袜、花鞋。他们最重要的节日是春节，在那些时日，他们都着盛装，逐户拜年；姑娘和小伙子们还互赠礼物，借机表达爱情。
达斡尔族大多信仰多神教，供奉天神、山神、火神、财神、祖神等。由于达斡尔族居住在祖国各种文化交汇和过渡的地带，加之他们独特的历史文化变迁，因而形成了他们社会、文化多元化的特征。达斡尔族的物质生活、民族文化和传统习俗所表现的，正是这种农、牧、渔、猎多种文化兼容的特点。
达斡尔人能歌善舞。著名的罕拜舞就是他们的民族舞蹈，其优美的舞姿像嫩江流水一样潇洒荡漾。每逢节假日，达斡尔族的青年男女，都来到嫩江岸边的大草原上，点起篝火，燃着火把，他们穿上花团锦簇的民族服装，围着篝火翩翩起舞，唱着自己的民族歌曲；累了饿了，小伙子们就一头钻入嫩江浪涛里，打捞几网“鳌花”；或者骑上骏马，跑进森林深处，打上几只狍子；然后放在火上一烤，成为鲜美的“手扒肉”，大家边吃边舞，其乐融融。这是嫩江流域一道亮丽的风景线，使人无比欣羡。
嫩江流水滋养了达斡尔族兄弟，达斡尔同胞也以嫩江为自己的母亲河。《布特哈志》中的一段文字专门描写了达斡尔族同胞的性格特点：“性情朴厚而质直，见义忘利为国忘家，……而其外恒无余资遗产，轻财好义，不事积聚，身后萧条。”美丽的嫩江，使达斡尔人用其智慧、勤劳、朴实的特性，创造了自己民族悠久的历史和美好的现实。
虽然嫩江的滔滔碧水给它流域的人民，带来了无穷的福祉，包括巨大的物质财富和精神财富；滋养了许多少数民族特别是达斡尔民族，使之繁衍不息；造就了众多闻名全国甚至全世界的大都市。因此，嫩江流域的民众把它看成自己的母亲河。但是，由于人们不善于体贴和爱护自己的“母亲”，做了许多有害于母亲的蠢事，又经常惹得母亲发怒，给她的不肖子女以严厉的惩罚。多年来，有些蠢人【包括执政者】，他们杀鸡取卵，在上游大肆砍伐森林，造成水土严重流失，湿地功能退化，加上水利工程设施的缺失和落后，以致资源与生态环境的平衡遭到极大的破坏。再碰到气候异常，引发连续的暴雨，因而常常发生程度不同的水灾，给人民的生命财产造成巨大的损失。这个情况，在过去的年代，都曾经接连发生过，从远古时期直到元、明和大清王朝，从军阀混战到日伪统治，再到中华民国，一直是灾祸频仍，旱涝不断；到了新中国建立之后，曾经初步搞了一些小型水利工程，对灾情有所改善，但后来由于总在穷折腾，只顾搞政治运动，不管人民疾苦，从而也忽略了对嫩江水患的彻底治理；上游的许多隐患没有引起有关部门的注意，没有及时采取有效的措施，因而导致发生多次较严重的洪涝灾害。
远的不说，在1969年夏，嫩江曾经发生了建国后的第一次大洪水。齐齐哈尔的水文站的洪峰流量达到每秒10000立方米，为50年一遇的大灾害，到处是一片汪洋。洪水淹没了农田140余万亩，滨洲铁路被冲断267米，铁路停运了一个多月，给国家和人民带来很大的损失。此后又陆续发生几次洪涝，也造成不同程度的损失。但是，这仍然没有引起人们足够的重视，疏于治理，以致后来发生了更大的灾害。
到了1998年夏，一场百年不遇【也有人说是300年不遇】的大洪峰，铺天盖地地卷来了，嫩江流域的城市和乡村，遭受了空前的灾难。
其实，那年夏天，老天爷像是和全中国人民作对似的“全面出击”，使整个中国都处在特大洪水的威胁中。首先，长江流域连降暴雨，自4月始，连续两个多月，暴雨挟着闪电，带着雷鸣，没日没夜地向大地倾泻。江河暴涨，水位急剧上升，自6月下旬起，长江下游全线处于警戒水位之上，超历史的洪峰一个接着一个，一浪高过一浪，整个长江流域全线告急，一齐投入了抗洪抢险的殊死搏斗之中。
Misfortunes never come singly.就在这个时候，东北的嫩江、松花江，也隐去往日温柔美丽的笑靥，露出了凶猛可怖的狰狞面孔。肆虐的暴雨，横扫着白山黑水、松嫩草原，暴雨所到之处，江湖水涨，河沟漫溢，一片泽国，像在与长江流域相呼应。
凶猛的洪水跳过了设防水位，警戒水位，紧急水位，危险水位，历史最高水位，越涨越高，疯狂地突破新的水位纪录。试看当时全国的水患情况：
从元月初开始，钱塘江便全线告急！太湖随着告急！
3月中旬，湖南的湘江告急！
6月中旬，长江全线告急——重庆告急！武汉告急！九江告急！芜湖告急！南京告急！
7月中旬，内蒙告急！吉林告急！黑龙江的哈尔滨告急！
进入8月，紧接着就是嫩江地区告急！富拉尔基告急！齐齐哈尔告急！大庆告急！急急！urgent! ——嫩江流域发生了百年一遇的特大洪水。咆哮的江水像一条怒气冲天的苍龙，疯狂地摇头摆尾，卷起一次又一次洪峰，吞噬着一个个村庄，一片片良田，一个个城镇，一座座工厂，一所所学校。
肆虐的苍龙，用其巨大的魔爪，撕开了嫩江中下游近千个大大小小的民垸，众多人被夺去生命，几百万亩良田被淹，几百万人流离失所。传媒机构和水利部门每天都在不断地发布大大小小的险情。闹得人心惶惶，惊恐万状，不可终日。
嫩江怒涛横冲直撞，撞开了一个个口子，不仅威胁黑龙江人的生命和财产的安全，而且冲进内蒙、吉林境内的乡镇和村庄。特别使人们忧虑的是，洪水突破一道又一道防线向大庆扑来，大庆三水压境，中国最大的油田面临灭顶之灾。
这场世纪末的大洪灾席卷了整个中国。据时任国务院副总理温家宝的报告，全国共有29个省、区、市遭受了不同程度的洪涝灾害，受灾面积达3.18亿亩，受灾人口2.23亿人，死亡3004人，倒塌房屋497万间，直接经济损失达到1666亿元。这在中国历史上是一场空前的大灾难。
面对这场百年不遇的洪灾，中国人没有束手待毙。他们要为中华民族不可战胜的尊严而战！Fight to defend the achievements of reform and opening up!Fight to defend the lives and properties of the people!
长江、嫩江、松花江沿线有数千万群众扑上大堤，与洪水展开了英勇的搏斗。几十万人民解放军官兵从四面八方奔赴抗洪一线，投入紧张的战斗。军民肩靠着肩，手挽着手，用血肉之躯垒起了一道道摧不毁的长堤——“筑起我们新的长城”。
这是一场没有硝烟的战争。在黑龙江省，嫩江、松花江流域，数百万军民与洪水进行着殊死的搏斗，飞机、汽车、舰艇，海、陆、空军，男女老幼，万众一心，一齐上阵。他们头枕怒涛，与江水共眠，日日夜夜守护着大堤，守护着身后的家园，守护着哈尔滨，守护着齐齐哈尔，守护着富拉尔基，守护着大庆油田。
This is a thrilling live drama of people fighting against floods.Sweat and blood, survival and destruction, perseverance and suffering, dedication and sacrifice, constitute a heroic, tragic and soul-stirring melody.The water rises one inch, and the embankment is one foot higher. People and the flood are fighting and competing like never before.有的人倒下了，再没有爬起来。有的人被洪水卷走了，带着未竟的事业，带着对亲人无比的眷恋，带着人生的许多牵挂和遗憾。
在齐齐哈尔的抗洪现场，有几十位共产党员和共青团员，他们将决心书挂在堤上，表示誓与齐市共存亡。正是这样的党团员，用身体挡住汹涌的江水。正是这样的共青团员，在狂风暴雨中手挽着手扑在江堤上，用自己的血肉之躯，抵挡着狂风掀起的恶浪，他们将生死置之度外。他们的英勇牺牲精神，可歌可泣。在这里我们怀着敬佩的心情，粗略地描述一些感人的事例。
追本溯源，我们首先研究一下，这场洪灾是怎样形成的——
原来嫩江干流的洪水，多半由其右侧的大支流的来水形成，一般在同盟水文站形成洪峰，其洪峰由干流洪水、支流甘河和诺敏河的洪水组成。洪水向下游推进过程中，支流洪水不断加入。据史料记载，嫩江干流洪水大多发生于8月下旬至9月下旬，由于河道平缓，江面较宽，洪水流速慢，持续时间长，并呈多洪峰形态。
可是，在1998年汛期提前了。从8月上旬开始，嫩江全流域即普降大雨，导致其支干流同时发生特大洪水。齐齐哈尔水文站流量突破12200立方米/秒，这是历史上罕见的现象，所以有人称作是“300年一遇”。于是，其下游的齐齐哈尔、富拉尔基、大庆、哈尔滨、佳木斯等重要城市和油田，面临毁灭性灾难。
在黑龙江省防汛总指挥部，有关人员在地图圈点全省1899公里堤坝上的险段时，他们的笔几乎都落在肇源县上。
肇源是一个与哈尔滨一衣带水的农业县，是上游嫩江、第二松花江两条黑龙江北方主要江河的汇合地，松花江主干道由此形成。肇源的上游，便是老工业基地齐齐哈尔；下游是全国著名的石油城大庆、粮食主产区绥化和省会城市哈尔滨。
肇源距离哈尔滨将近400公里。当时，汽车穿过哈尔滨——大庆高速公路，一眼就可以看到，沿岸不少庄稼和树林，被洪水“缠了脖子”。
骆驼脖子是三江汇合进入黑龙江省的第一站，这里沙基沙坝，防御标准号称“20年一遇”，但这是糊弄人的说法，实际上一半也没有达到。
8月6日早上，汪洋似的洪水在那里的小榆树300米险段，咆哮着卷走了子堤上垒的17层泥袋，几百根打在水里的木桩也给拔走了。堤坝上，刚刚转业到这里的原团省委青农部长单增庆，正在组织抢险。他现在是负责西南片四个乡抗洪任务的县委副书记。
单增庆在抢险中扭伤了腿，但是不肯离开堤坝半步。他一瘸一拐地和民工们一起往编织袋里装泥。他说：“老天爷的脾气变得越来越糟了，5月份，我们还在这里抗大旱，现在又不得不抗洪了。这是跟咱们较劲哪！”由于他多日奋战在堤坝上不回家，他的17岁的女儿惦记爸爸，前一天赶到堤上看望他。遇上下雨，原本泥泞的土路像涂上了油，什么车也出不去，想回家都不成了，随即脱下鞋袜，和爸爸一起参加抗洪战斗。别看姑娘年纪小，可干起活来，一点也不让大人，搞得浑身上下都是泥水，也不愿意下来休息。看到这样的情景，小伙子们更是玩命地干了。你难道能够落在一个小姑娘的后边？
在近5天的时间里，嫩江浩德段6000米堤坝出了3次险情。其中3日降雨100多毫米，赶上往年几个月的雨量；8级大风卷着一丈高的浪头，打得堤坝三面脱坡。人在坝上根本站不起来，只有拖着沙袋爬行——即使这样也没有人后退一步！
前一天夜里，浸泡已久的浩德江堤背面塌方，抢险队徒步行军几十公里，在凌晨赶到险段；县委副书记方杰的车在半途中就无路可走了，为抢时间，只好坐着马车赶到抗洪现场。来到后二话没说，将外衣一甩，立即投入抢险战斗。县委书记身先士卒，广大群众当然就争先恐后了。
在另外一个险段，一直在坝上“车轱辘转”的县委书记田凤春对大伙儿说：“黑龙江全省主要江河堤防1200公里，肇源境内就有619公里，是防洪战线最长的县、市，我们必须守住这个阵地，不能后退一步！”肇源县20个乡镇，十几个靠近江边，数十万人已经跟洪水死缠死打了40多天，有的群众累得趴下了。田凤春仍然向大家鼓劲说：“县里储备的抗洪物资已经消耗得差不多了，有些乡镇已经向村民家征收了5次编织袋。不过咱们还需要做进一步的努力，准备更大的牺牲，拼出血本，决一死战，保住江堤！”
对于仍然停留在过去几次抗洪记忆的田凤春来说，1998年的洪水显得太突然了。主汛期居然提前了一个月！水位之高、水量之大和持续时间之长，更是罕见。因此，他再三告诫大家：“同志们，我们决不能有丝毫麻痹！”他用嘶哑的嗓子鼓舞干部群众：“我们必须准备打两个月以上的持久战！思想决不能懈怠。”
可是，水到底要涨到什么时候，涨到多高，谁也说不清楚。
8日，洪峰冲毁了嫩江最重要的水文站之一——江桥水文站。这