Chapter 46 Chapter 45: The River of Life Flowing to Beijing——A Survey of the Middle Section of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project

A group of more than ten writers and poets gathered from Beijing, went south against the South-to-North Water Diversion route, passed through Baoding, Shijiazhuang, Anyang, Zhengzhou, Luoyang, and Nanyang, and then arrived in Danjiangkou City, Hubei. , the Caohe Aqueduct, the Yellow River Crossing Project, and the Danjiangkou Dam Heightening Project, and discussed with builders at various construction sites along the way, visited the project progress site in person, experienced the real situation of major construction projects in my country, and inspired writers and poets to create enthusiasm.

This is a very memorable itinerary. We walked along a "new artery" of the Republic and felt the beating pulse of a country.South-to-North Water Diversion, these four words that often appear in front of Chinese people, were once synonymous with dreams.Yes, it is a whimsical event to transfer water from the south to the north! Fantastic things will appear in front of me, which makes me look forward to participating in this interview, and I have also done my homework. "South-to-North Water Diversion" officially became the name of a project, which came from the mouth of Mao Zedong, the great man who founded this republic. In 1952, Mao Zedong, who lived in Zhongnanhai, probably felt the pain of Beijing's drought even though he lived in a "sea".After the founding of the People's Republic of China in Beijing, although there were no longer camel caravans to transport goods into the city, the sandstorm and severe water shortage were still difficult problems for living in Beijing.Although the Guanting Reservoir, Miyun Reservoir, and the famous Ming Tombs Reservoir in the Great Leap Forward were completed one by one around the capital Beijing after the founding of New China, Mao Zedong, who loved "middle current hitting water", proposed the "South-to-North Water Diversion" long ago. Assumption: "Nine schools of thought flow through China" are all oriented from east to west. To turn the Yangtze River to the north, probably only a great poet like Mao Zedong would have such a heroic idea.This idea, after half a century of ups and downs, became a formal national plan in 2002. The following is a brief explanation of the entire South-to-North Water Diversion Project by the Ministry of Water Resources and the South-to-North Water Diversion Planning Administration [Excerpted from "China Water Resources" 2003 1 moon】:

"1. Demonstration on the scale of water transfer [1] The resource water shortage in the Huanghuaihai Basin is serious "In 2000, the population, gross domestic product, industrial output value, effective irrigated area, and grain output of the Huang-Huai-Hai River Basin accounted for more than one-third of the country's total. It is an important economic area and a major grain and cotton production area in China. The favorable conditions of east to west and complementary advantages have an important strategic position in my country's national economic and social development.

"The total amount of water resources in the Huang-Huai-Hai River Basin accounts for only 7.2% of the country's total, and the per capita water resources are 462 cubic meters, which is one-fifth of the national average. Sexual water shortage is serious. "Due to long-term drought and water shortage, although all regions, especially the Huanghuaihai Plain and Jiaodong region, have stepped up efforts to save water, they still have to over-exploit surface water, over-exploit groundwater, unreasonably occupy agricultural and ecological water, and use water. Untreated sewage has caused frequent cut-offs in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, serious pollution in the Huaihe River Basin, and a severe situation in the Haihe River Basin of "all rivers are dry, all water is polluted" and groundwater is seriously overexploited. The Yellow River, Huaihe River and Haihe River The utilization rate of water resources in the basin has been as high as 67%, 60% and over 95% respectively, and the contradiction between water resource carrying capacity and economic and social development and ecological environment protection has become increasingly acute. Especially in the Haihe River Basin, in order to support the economic and social Development, long-term excessive development and utilization of surface water, long-term dryness of plain rivers, forced a large amount of over-exploitation of groundwater, over the past 20 years, a total of more than 90 billion cubic meters of over-exploitation, resulting in a large-scale continuous decline in groundwater levels. Excessive development of water resources in the Huanghuaihai Basin , leading to deteriorating ecological and environmental problems such as river and lake drying up, estuary siltation, wetland reduction, land desertification, ground subsidence, and seawater intrusion, seriously restricting the sustainable development of the economy and society.

"On the premise of taking various measures such as water saving, sewage recycling, and tapping the potential of existing projects, the current water shortage in the Huanghuaihai Basin is 14.5 billion to 21 billion cubic meters, and it was 2.1 billion in 2010. billion to 28 billion cubic meters, and 32 billion to 39.5 billion cubic meters in 2030." Regarding the severe water shortage in the north, especially in the Beijing-Tianjin region, during our investigation along the way, we were shocked to understand the grim situation of "all rivers are dry, and all water is polluted".A fellow writer wrote in his notes "Water Flows to High Places": "What shocked us even more was the dry 'northern river', which was once praised by the famous writer Zhang Chengzhi. After drying up, it became the Gobi Desert. The famous Yongding River was once called the Wuding River because of its flooding in the past, and it was renamed Yongding River in the Qing Dynasty. Now this river has become the real Yongding River, and it will be fixed forever... There are six rivers around Beijing, they are Chaobai River, Beiyun River, Jiyun River, Daqing River, Yongding River, and Juma River. The total runoff of the six major rivers was 4.6 billion cubic meters in the last century, and dropped to 12.94 in the 1990s 100 million cubic meters, and now almost all of them are dry.” As the capital, Beijing, the groundwater level drops by 3 meters every year, and the per capita water resources are one-eighth of the national average and one-thirtieth of the world’s average.I remember that when we passed Yishui where the wind is blowing and Yishui is cold, the deputy director of the Central Line Management Bureau pointed to a piece of gravel and said: "This is the Yishui in the history books. Now not only the strong men will not return, but also Yishui It will never be returned!"

Faced with such a severe water resources situation, the South-to-North Water Diversion Project has formulated the water supply goals and scope of the project: The fundamental goal of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project is to improve and restore the ecological environment in the northern region.Since 80% of the water shortage in the Huang-Huai-Hai River Basin is distributed in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain and the Jiaodong region, it is imperative to give priority to the implementation of the east and middle routes; in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain and the Jiaodong region, 60% of the water shortage is concentrated In cities, the urban population and industrial output value are concentrated, and the economic and social impact caused by water shortage is huge.Therefore, the short-term water supply goal of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project is determined to: mainly solve the urban water shortage, and give consideration to both ecological and agricultural water use.

The east and middle routes of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project involve 44 prefecture-level and above cities in 7 provinces and municipalities directly under the Central Government, and the water receiving areas are 39 prefecture-level and above cities and 245 county-level cities in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, and Jiangsu.【 districts and counties] and 17 industrial parks. According to the conditions of water resources, taking into account the demand for water resources of economic and social development in different levels of years, by adjusting the economic layout and industrial structure, strengthening water-saving measures and adjusting water supply prices and other measures, the growth of water demand should be restrained.At the same time, taking into account the sustainable use of water resources, the amount of groundwater overexploitation and water diverted from the Yellow River beyond the quota will be deducted from the future water supply, and the amount of sewage treatment reuse, seawater and other water sources will be increased. The supply and demand analysis of water resources is carried out in the district, and the water shortage in the water receiving area is determined.

1. Save water Under an economical and reasonable water-saving level, it is estimated that by 2010, 3.9 billion cubic meters of water can be saved in the receiving area, accounting for 13.5% of the water demand; by 2030, an annual water saving of 3.7 billion cubic meters can be realized, accounting for 18.2 percent.With the deepening of water-saving work, the difficulty and investment of water-saving will increase accordingly. 2. Pollution control In 2010, the total amount of wastewater discharged from major cities in the receiving area was 12.03 billion cubic meters, and in 2030 it will reach 17.37 billion cubic meters.It is planned to add 18.18 million tons/day of waste water treatment capacity by 2010; and another 12.25 million tons/day of waste water treatment capacity by 2030.By 2010, the wastewater treatment volume will be 9.06 billion cubic meters, and the wastewater treatment rate will reach 74.1%; by 2030, the wastewater treatment volume will be 14.00 billion cubic meters, and the wastewater treatment rate will reach 80.6%.In terms of wastewater treatment and reuse, by 2010 and 2030, the amount of water used for urban industry, municipal miscellaneous purposes, and river and lake environments in the water receiving area will be 3.8 billion cubic meters and 6 billion cubic meters respectively, and the rest will be used for water outside urban areas. Ecological environment and agricultural irrigation.

3. Tap the potential Due to the high degree of development and utilization of water resources in the water-receiving area, the serious overexploitation of groundwater, and the exhaustion of traditional water resources development potential, it is necessary to vigorously strengthen the development and utilization of non-traditional water resources such as seawater, brackish water, and rainwater.It is estimated that by 2010 and 2030, the development and utilization of non-traditional water resources will increase by 700 million cubic meters and 800 million cubic meters respectively. After considering the factors of water saving, pollution control and potential tapping mentioned above, the current urban water shortage in the receiving area [2000] is 5.1 billion cubic meters, of which 3.6 billion cubic meters of overexploited groundwater occupy 1.5 billion cubic meters of agricultural and ecological water; By 2010, the water shortage will be 11.2 billion cubic meters; by 2030, the water shortage will be 19.2 billion cubic meters.

With such a task volume, the South-to-North Water Diversion Project is divided into three water supply line projects: the east line, the middle line and the west line: After conducting in-depth research and demonstration on the overall layout of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, this master plan still recommends three water diversion routes: the east route, the middle route and the west route.Through the connection of the three water transfer lines with the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Huaihe River and the Haihe River, the overall layout with "four horizontal and three vertical" as the main body can be gradually formed, forming a huge water network in my country, which can basically cover the Huanghuaihai River Basin, Jiaodong It is of great strategic significance to realize the reasonable allocation pattern of my country's water resources allocation from north to south and mutual aid from east to west.

The east, middle and west routes of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project have their own reasonable water supply goals and scopes, and form an organic whole with the four major rivers. They can complement each other, give full play to the comprehensive advantages of water supply from multiple sources, and jointly improve The degree of assurance of water supply in the receiving area.In order to fundamentally alleviate the water shortage problem in the Huanghuaihai Basin, Jiaodong area and some areas of inland rivers in the northwest, all three water diversion lines need to be constructed. Eastern route project: use the existing river-to-north diversion project in Jiangsu Province to gradually expand the scale of water diversion and extend the water delivery route.The east route project draws water from the Yangtze River from the capital of Yangzhou in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, uses the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and its parallel channels to lift water step by step to the north, and connects Hongze Lake, Luoma Lake, Nansi Lake, and Dongping Lake, which play a role in regulation and storage .After exiting Dongping Lake, the water is transported in two ways: one way to the north, passing through the Yellow River through a tunnel near Weishan; the other way to the east, transporting water to Yantai and Weihai through the economic south of the main water transmission line in Jiaodong area.The plan will be implemented in three phases. The middle line project: divert water from the first sluice of Taocha Canal of Danjiangkou Reservoir after dam expansion, excavate canals along the planned route for water delivery, pass through the Huanghuaihai Plain along the west side of the Tangbai River Basin and pass through Fangcheng Pass, the watershed between the Yangtze River Basin and the Huaihe River Basin The western edge crosses the Yellow River at the mouth of Gubai in the west of Zhengzhou, and continues northward along the west side of the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, which can basically flow to Beijing and Tianjin by itself.The plan will be implemented in two phases. West Route Project: Build dams and reservoirs on the upper reaches of the Tongtian River, tributaries of the Yalong River and Dadu River in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and excavate a water delivery tunnel through the Bayan Har Mountains, the watershed between the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, to divert water from the Yangtze River into the upper reaches of the Yellow River.The water supply goal of the West Route Project is mainly to solve the water shortage problem involving the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River and the Weihe Guanzhong Plain in six provinces [autonomous regions] including Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, and Shanxi.Combined with the construction of the Daliushu water conservancy project on the main stream of the Yellow River, it can also supply water to the Hexi Corridor area of ​​Gansu, which is adjacent to the Yellow River basin, and can also supply water to the lower reaches of the Yellow River when necessary.The plan will be implemented in three phases. The planned east, middle and west routes will have a total water diversion scale of 44.8 billion cubic meters by 2050, with a total investment of about 500 billion yuan.After phased implementation, the serious shortage of water resources in the Huang-Huai-Hai River Basin can be basically alleviated, and the deteriorating ecological environment caused by severe water shortages can be gradually curbed. The first phase of the middle line project: the dam of Danjiangkou Reservoir will be raised at one time according to the normal water storage level of 170m. As the water storage level of the reservoir gradually rises, resettlers will be resettled in batches in stages; the entire length from the first gate of Taocha Canal to Tuancheng Lake in Beijing will be built. The 1267km main canal and the 154km Tianjin main canal; construction of water conservancy projects in the middle and lower reaches of the Han River, diversion of the river to Han, reconstruction and expansion of some diversion gate stations along the coast, and improvement of local waterway projects.It is still necessary to strengthen the water pollution prevention and control and soil and water conservation work in the surrounding and upstream areas of the Danjiangkou Reservoir to ensure the safety of the water quality of the reservoir.The project mainly supplies water to Henan, Hebei, Beijing, and Tianjin, with an average annual water transfer volume of 9.5 billion cubic meters for many years.The construction period is 8 years. This is the overview of China's greatest project of the century. Our wind-gathering activities for the South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route Project were just in time for intensive preparations before the opening of the Olympic Games.April 2008 was chosen for this wind collection, in addition to the warm spring and the good weather, the northern section of the central line project will supply water to Beijing before the Olympic Games.The emergency water supply project for the Jingshi section of the South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route starts from Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province in the south and ends at Tuancheng Lake in Beijing in the north. It is a priority project for emergency water supply to Beijing. water delivery task.After the completion of the project, four reservoirs in Gangnan, Huangbizhuang, Wangkuai, and Xidayang in Hebei Province can be dispatched jointly, with the ability to supply emergency water to Beijing at any time.Since the start of construction on December 30, 2003, the construction of the emergency water supply project in the Jingshi section has been completed with the construction of the main project with a total length of 307.442 kilometers after more than 5 years of hard work by the builders.A total of 121.508 million cubic meters of earth and stone excavation, 50.794 million cubic meters of earth and stone backfilling, and 4.293 million cubic meters of concrete pouring have been completed in the Jingshi section project; 82,258 unit projects have been completed, with a pass rate of 100% and an excellent rate of 91.9%; permanent land acquisition of 50,000 mu has been completed , 49,000 mu of temporary land, 448,000 square meters of house demolition, 402 industrial enterprises, 1,793 special facilities for demolition and construction, 115,000 square meters of cultural relics excavation, and 49,000 relocated people.Once the emergency water supply project passes the inspection and starts to supply water, many projects and equipment under construction will be submerged underwater.Therefore, we will go to the construction site to witness this magnificent project before we pass. Unexpectedly, the project of the century that we were looking forward to was actually right under our noses.The first project we visited was the underground culvert project of the West Fourth Ring Road in Beijing.We first came to Tuancheng Lake near the Summer Palace in Beijing, the end point of the South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route Project.In Tuancheng Lake, a wide open water channel is displayed in front of us, and a huge underground culvert is connected to the open channel.This culvert, connected to the hidden culvert of Lugou Bridge in the south, crosses the West Fourth Ring Road in Beijing underground.In other words, under the bustling West Fourth Ring Road in Beijing, a huge underground waterway suddenly appeared without anyone noticing it!This culvert is the last controlling project of the main canal of the central line.The entrance of the dark culvert is at the southwest corner of the Yongding Road overpass, cross Yongding Road and Jingshi Expressway, go north and enter the Fourth Ring Road from Yuegezhuang Bridge, go north along the Fourth Ring Road for 11 kilometers, leave the Fourth Ring Road at Sihai Bridge and go north Walk 500 meters and connect to the open channel leading to the end of Tuancheng Lake.The implication is double-pipe water delivery, but it can also operate independently to ensure the safety of water delivery. We took a battery car into Yinhan.In fact, Yinhan is like a tunnel that can pass through vehicles, and ordinary minibuses can pass through it without hindrance.Of course, there is no pollution when the battery car enters, and it is more environmentally friendly.To be honest, if this culvert is in the wild, there is nothing to be surprised about. Modern construction techniques are fully capable of constructing such a culvert.However, it just appeared next to me, under the street we are familiar with, and it is a large culvert that is going to divert water from thousands of miles away to Beijing, which shocked me.The writers who collected the style were also very excited about having such an opening.After 32 months of construction, this project has allowed a clear river to drill quietly into the underground of Beijing City. This is really a miracle.I saw a report on the builder's own website, which vividly reproduced the situation of the armed police officers and soldiers who participated in the construction here: "In the construction of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project of the West Fourth Ring Road in Beijing, the Armed Police Hydropower Force participated in the construction. The only unit built by the Armed Police Force, its organizational form, militarized management, professional technical team, and excellent modern equipment fully reflect the strong advantages of the Armed Police Hydropower Unit in the construction of the South-to-North Water Diversion. There are less than 50 people from the construction site camp to the construction site. Every day, more than 50 officers and soldiers in camouflage uniforms, carrying various construction tools in their hands, stepping neatly, quietly hide 20 meters below the West Fourth Ring Road under the admiring glances of hurried urbanites. Deep in the strata. Seven standard projects, and no hot construction labor scenes can be seen. In order to "not disturb the people, stop the road, and not affect the traffic", the construction method of "shallow burial and underground excavation" is adopted, and all the work is carried out The Sijiqing Bridge and the West Fourth Ring Road were 20 meters deep in the ground 'quietly'. After entering the depths of the ground, the officers and soldiers discovered that the difficulty of construction was much more difficult than imagined. Although the hydropower unit has all kinds of the most advanced construction machinery and equipment in the world today, and has hydropower construction technology that can cope with various complex conditions, because the underground water delivery tunnel is located in a gravel layer, it is easy to collapse and difficult to form a hole. Above is the traffic artery of the West Fourth Ring Road in Beijing. During the excavation process, all mechanical equipment and blasting methods cannot be used. The construction can only be completed by the most primitive shovels, picks and handwork.The construction is divided into excavation, support, spray protection, pouring and other processes.When excavating, dig bit by bit with a pick, dig bit by bit with a shovel, and dig out bit by bit. Sometimes it takes a lot of effort to dig out a large stone or a hard place where the soil and sand are combined.After digging in a little bit, it is necessary to use a sledgehammer to drive a 1.7-meter-long small conduit forward obliquely along the vault. For every 0.5 meters of footage, a modified water glass slurry must be injected into the small conduit to cure and prevent landslides; the second process It is the support, and the installation of the welded circular steel grid is a careful and tiring job. The four steel grids are connected by bolts to form a standard circle. Be patient when connecting. It is difficult to properly handle the under-excavated or over-excavated parts; the third process is spray protection, and it is a dirty and tiring job to spray concrete with a thickness of 30 cm. .The well-mixed concrete must be completed within 1 hour, and it cannot be used after the time is exceeded. The operator holds the spray gun tightly with both hands, and has been working in a charging and fighting posture. It is very dirty and tired and cannot be put down to stop work. After each injection , the whole body of the officers and soldiers is like a piece of concrete, except for the two moving eyes, the whole body is like a lead block, numb and unable to move; the fourth process is to use a steel mold trolley to pour 30 cm concrete, 40 tons The assembly of heavy steel formwork trolleys can only be done manually. The hoisting of steel formwork trolleys is very difficult, the tonnage is heavy and the volume is large, and the space in the cave is small.The fourth process has strict quality and process requirements, and there are several links such as laying waterproof boards, tying steel bars, placing trolleys in place, pouring and shaking, etc. The amount of work is small and there are many processes in one day.Hydropower officers and soldiers have to repeat these tasks every day. Faced with practical difficulties such as damp construction in caverns, stale air, no sunlight all day long, small working space, and overload and fatigue, they have been working and fighting. After working in one shift, the officers and soldiers have backaches and backaches, and they feel bored, but whenever they think that this is the South-to-North Water Diversion Project of the century, the key project of Beijing's water diversion, and the mission and responsibility of the hydropower unit, there is an impulsive passion all over their bodies. With endless energy, I easily put into the construction site the next day.South-to-North Water Diversion The water transfer design of the west fourth ring road in Beijing's dark culvert into the city is designed to increase the flow rate to 35 cubic meters per second, which means that Beijing receives 3 million cubic meters of water every day. Based on the current resident population of 16 million in Beijing, each person can share the South-to-North Water Diversion day and night. 0.2 cubic meters of water.In order to allow the citizens of Beijing to use the diversion water for the South-to-North Water Transfer Project as soon as possible, the hydropower officers and soldiers worked overtime, day and night, eating and living at the construction site under the Sijiqing Bridge.Nearly 50,000 vehicles flowed on the bridge and around the camp every day. The strong exhaust fumes enveloped the entire small courtyard, and the sound of roaring engines and the vibration of rolling wheels lasted until midnight.But the officers and soldiers persisted with confidence. "The article also mentions such a situation: "In the construction time of more than two years, most of the water and electricity officers and soldiers did not know that there is a large-scale 'Golden Seasons Shopping Center' and a luxury shopping mall in the west of Beijing 100 meters away. hotel.Living and fighting in the bustling city, the colorful urban life is only 100 meters away from them.The troops stationed in Beijing in May 2005. It was not until the night of the Lantern Festival in 2006 that the officers and soldiers were organized to go to Tiananmen Square. It was a real visit to Beijing. After that, no one asked for leave to go out. The project is under construction.” Ah, hundreds of them worked hard day and night, in the underground of the bustling city, and only went to Tiananmen Square once on the night of the Lantern Festival! Soldiers, soldiers, our soldiers are so hardworking and cute! After the gathering, I published a poem "Legend Underground of Beijing's West Fourth Ring Road" in Wen Wei Po.This poem was published on Wen Wei Po. The poem fully expresses my feelings. One of the passages is: Not long after our visit, the emergency water mobilized from Hebei poured into Beijing from here, ensuring the smooth hosting of the world-renowned Beijing Olympic Games. The 21st century is the century when Chinese people's dreams come true. What is presented to people all over the world is a perfect Olympic Games, but how many behind-the-scenes perfect works are behind this perfection?Among them, the emergency water supply system on the middle line of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project opened the prelude to the success of the entire South-to-North Water Diversion Project. The Century Project, which started in 2003, was highly valued by the Party Central Committee and the State Council from the very beginning.At that time, Mao Zedong said: "There is a lot of water in the south, but there is little water in the north. If possible, it is feasible to borrow some water." Mao Zedong is a great man and a poet. Mao Zedong also said that Kunlun Mountain should be cut into three parts: , one piece is given to beauty, and the other piece is kept in China", so the whole world is hot and cold.In this case, it can only be read as a poem, not as an instruction.It is to build a dam on a big river. Chairman Mao built the Sanmen Gorge in order to make the Yellow River clear.Chairman Mao said that "Gaoxia comes out of Pinghu Lake", and we have built the Gezhou Dam and the Three Gorges Dam. At present, it seems that the economic benefits are obvious and the ecological situation is acceptable.Therefore, the ecological issue of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project is very important. Beijing's atmospheric environment is still very severe. If another wave of dirty water is drawn in, it will be a catastrophe. The eco-environmental protection planning of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project focuses on the impact of the first phase of the East Route Project and the first phase of the Middle Route Project on the seawater intrusion of the Yangtze Estuary, the impact of the Middle Route Project on the ecological environment of the middle and lower reaches of the Han River, and the pollution control planning of the East Route Project: The problem of seawater intrusion in the Yangtze Estuary is a long-standing natural phenomenon caused by tidal activities, and it is also affected by human activities.At present, there are hundreds of pumping stations along the banks of the Yangtze River below the Datong Hydrological Station. It is necessary to strengthen the unified management of water resources and the comprehensive management of the Yangtze River Estuary. From the analysis of the three water diversion lines, the western and middle routes have little impact on the saltwater intrusion of the Yangtze Estuary due to the adjustment of a series of reservoirs and lakes such as the Three Gorges Project, Dongting Lake, and Poyang Lake.The water diversion scale of the first phase of the eastern route only increased by 100 cubic meters per second, accounting for only 1.3% of the driest monthly flow of the Yangtze River. Seawater intrusion has basically no effect.When the scale of river pumping reaches 800 cubic meters per second in 2030, the annual water diversion will account for 1.6% of the Yangtze River's multi-year average water flow into the sea, and the impact will not be significant. In order to minimize the possibility of aggravating the salt water intrusion of the Yangtze River estuary during the dry season of the special dry year of the East Route Project, it is planned that when the flow rate of the Yangtze River Datong hydrological station is less than 10,000 cubic meters/s, the river will be pumped less and water will be supplied to the city from lakes along the way.After the "avoidance" measures are taken, the impact of the water diversion of the Eastern Route Project on the intrusion of seawater in the Yangtze River Estuary can be basically eliminated. In addition, after the operation of the Three Gorges Project on the Yangtze River, the flow rate of Datong Station can be increased by 1000-2000 cubic meters per second from January to April, which can greatly reduce the possibility of seawater intrusion in the Yangtze Estuary during the dry season. The main ecological environment impact of the Middle Route Project is the resettlement of the Danjiangkou Reservoir and the impact on the hydrological regime changes in the middle and lower reaches of the Han River. At present, the surrounding area of ​​Danjiangkou Reservoir has limited environmental capacity and poor living conditions. Even if no dam is added, about 100,000 people who live in the drawdown area of ​​the reservoir for a long time will need to be relocated.The heightening of the Danjiangkou Reservoir dam needs to resettle about 300,000 people [estimated at the level in 2010], and can completely solve the flood control safety problem of about 800,000 people in 14 embankments in the middle and lower reaches of the Han River.In addition to local resettlement, the plan will focus on out-of-home resettlement. Most of the resettlers will be resettled in 30 townships in Dengzhou, Tanghe, and Sheqi counties [cities] in Nanyang City, where no resettled immigrants from the Xiaolangdi Project have been resettled. And the 4 counties [cities] of Jingshan, Zhongxiang, Xiangyang and Zaoyang in Hubei Province where the immigrants from the Three Gorges Project have not been resettled. The construction of the four middle and lower reaches of the Han River, the project of diverting the river to the Han River, the Xinglong Junction, the renovation of some gate stations, and the improvement of some waterways, can improve the irrigation, shipping and ecological water conditions in the lower reaches of the Han River. The principles of prevention first, protection priority, and combination of prevention and control should be adhered to, water pollution prevention and control and soil and water conservation in the Danjiangkou Reservoir area and upstream areas should be strengthened, and the water quality of the reservoir area and the water entering the reservoir should be strictly controlled to meet the national surface water environmental quality standard II The Party and the government attach great importance to these problems faced by the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. On March 10, 2004, the central government held a symposium on population, resources and environment work in Beijing. General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee and President Hu Jintao pointed out in his speech: "We must strengthen the construction of water supply projects and improve the ability to control water resources in time and space. The south-to-north water diversion is an important strategic measure to alleviate the shortage of water resources and the deterioration of the ecological environment in northern China, and to promote the overall optimal allocation of water resources in the country. Now that the eastern and central routes have started construction, they must be carefully designed, carefully constructed, strictly managed, and high-level , high-quality completion of various construction tasks. While rationally developing surface water and groundwater, attention should be paid to the development and utilization of treated sewage, rainwater, seawater and brackish water and other water resources. Strengthen the unified dispatch of water resources in river basins and regions, Coordinate the use of water for life, production and ecology, and effectively solve the problem of water for people's daily life." Hu Jintao emphasized, "We must actively build a water-saving society. Water conservation must be a long-term strategic policy that must be adhered to, and water-saving work should be run through In the whole process of national economic development and people's production and life. Formulate water resources planning, clarify the water consumption indicators of each region, industry, department and even each unit, and determine the scientific water quota for product production or service. Improve the policies and regulations for the transfer of water rights , to promote the efficient use and optimal allocation of water resources. It is necessary to promote advanced and practical water-saving irrigation technologies, vigorously develop and promote water-saving appliances and water-saving industrial production technologies.” Wen Jiabao, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Premier of the State Council, pointed out in his speech : "Carefully organize and implement the construction of key water conservancy projects such as the South-to-North Water Diversion Project and the Huaihe River. The South-to-North Water Transfer Project is primarily about water conservation, and the key is pollution control. We must increase efforts to control pollution in the South-to-North Water Transfer Project. Do a good job in the prevention and control of pollution in Nansi Lake, Dongping Lake, Hongze Lake and Zhangwei South Canal; in the middle line, we must pay close attention to formulating pollution prevention and control plans to protect the water quality of Danjiangkou Reservoir.” The kind care and careful arrangements of the central leadership comrades are to make The South-to-North Water Diversion Project introduces a flood of clean water! It is the deployment of the Party Central Committee and the State Council to allow a clean river to flow into Beijing, and it is also the wish of every project builder.We went all the way from Beijing to the south to investigate and collect folk songs, and we really felt all this. A volume of grand plans for the century is unfolding in front of us... After the wind collecting activities went south from Beijing, the spring was beautiful along the way, but in April the North China Plain was still mainly yellow, and the leaves were not yet fully green. We went south along the main canal, mainly to see some important project nodes.We drove down the Yongding River and arrived at the construction site of the pumping station in Huinanzhuang.This is the latest news about this pumping station: "On August 8, 2009, the world's largest single-stage double-suction centrifugal pump built by China Hydropower Group - Beijing Huinanzhuang Pumping Station was successfully commissioned for the first time with 24 butterfly valves in the plant The operation of turning on and off the water is normal. Huinanzhuang Pumping Station is located in Dashiwo Town, Fangshan District, Beijing. It is the only large-scale pressurized pumping station in the main canal of the South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route Project, and it is also the key control for the pressurized water delivery of pipes and culverts in the Beijing section of the middle line. The design flow rate of the pump station is 60 cubic meters per second, and a total of 8 horizontal single-stage double-suction centrifugal pumps are installed, which is the largest horizontal single-stage double-suction centrifugal pump in the world. The flow rate is 10 cubic meters per second, and the supporting asynchronous motor unit power is 7,300 kilowatts, with a total installed capacity of 58,400 kilowatts. In order to speed up the construction progress, China Hydropower Group made full use of the favorable opportunity of water transfer during the flood season, and completed it ahead of schedule within the rated water volume and scheduled time 8 sets of water pumps, 16 sets of electric butterfly valves, 8 sets of hydraulic control butterfly valves, 50 sets of expansion joints, 10 sets of flow meters, and 2 sets of water level gauges have been comprehensively debugged with water, and achieved 'no safety accidents, no quality accidents, and no accidents. A technical accident' shows the technical level of the unit installation." I noticed several points in this news: the first is "this is the only large pressurized pumping station on the main canal of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project".The second is the installation of the "world's largest centrifugal pump".I also want to explain a situation, that is, this pumping station, which is as large as 30 football fields, will be almost completely buried underground after it is completed!So we came here in April 2008, when the construction was in full swing.The construction site in Huinanzhuang really looks like a construction site at first glance. On a huge river beach in front of you, there are cofferdams and construction machinery vehicles everywhere. It looks like it's going fast.What is a pumping station?What is the function of Huinanzhuang Pumping Station?The water drawn from the Danjiangkou Reservoir in Hubei to the north has a height difference of more than 100 meters. Most of the areas adopt the method of self-flowing water. When it comes to Huinanzhuang, the water needs to be concentrated and pressurized through pumping stations. , pushing the water to the final destination - Tuancheng Lake.Therefore, the Huinanzhuang pumping station project is very important. If the water from the south is not pressurized here, then there will be problems with the flow rate of the water, and it will not be able to achieve self-flow in the Beijing section.We walked back and forth on the vast construction site, and first saw a huge circular cement reservoir.This cement pool is called the forebay, where the water is collected and then flows into the fan-shaped funnel-shaped water inlet room, and then the water flows into the main building of the pump station, which is composed of 8 horizontal centrifugal pump units, and the water flow is rapidly accelerated. Then it enters the water outlet pipeline and the small-flow auxiliary pipeline water delivery pipe, and finally enters the open channel, and naturally flows to Tuancheng Lake, the terminal point in the west of Beijing.The entire construction site of Huinanzhuang Pumping Station has a construction atmosphere in full swing. In the river at the water outlet, large machinery is also roaring and running back and forth, making efforts for the completion of the project.People say that water flows to low places, while the water from the South-to-North Water Diversion Project flows to high places.From Danjiangkou to Beijing, there are two pressurization points: one is to increase the height of the Danjiangkou dam to raise the water level of the water source; the other is to pressurize the joints of the main canal so that the water can complete the artesian flow in the Beijing section.Therefore, the Huinanzhuang Pumping Station has become the heart of the entire main canal. This pumping station, which is as large as 30 football fields, is buried underground after it is fully completed, like a beating heart in the earth, making the river of life like an artery. Blood vessels flow continuously to Beijing through the heart. On the construction site, I saw articles written by the builders themselves, one of which was written by an intellectual titled "Da Yu Controls the Water". The article quoted ancient books: "Xia Yu, whose name is Wenming. Gun's father is Emperor Zhuanxu, Zhuanxu's father is Changyi, and Changyi's father is Huangdi. Yu is the great-great-great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor and the grandson of Emperor Zhuanxu. Yu's great-great-grandfather Changyi and his father Gun are not allowed to be on the throne, and they are human beings. Minister." [Sima Qian's "Historical Records Xia Benji"] At the end of primitive society [about 4500-4300 years ago], an unprecedented disaster occurred on the earth. Many places experienced heavy rain, rivers and lakes overflowed and raged, and floods destroyed Farmlands and houses were destroyed, and most of the domestic animals died. Human survival is facing a serious threat. "Shangshu·Yao Dian" says: "The emperor said: 'Zi, the four mountains, Tangtang and floods are cut off, dangling Huaishan Xiangling, vast and mighty. Is there anyone who can give you the advice of the people?' Said: 'Yu , Gunzai.’” The general idea of ​​this document is: During Tang Yao’s reign, due to continuous torrential rains, the floods were rampant, mighty, and very fierce. The mountains and plateaus were surrounded by floods, and the people were very worried.Yao searched everywhere for a sage who could control the flood. Siyue and all the ministers recommended Gun to take on this important task, so Tang Yao appointed Gun to control the flood.Gun spent 9 years controlling the flood, but failed to subdue the flood.So Dayu succeeded his father and began to control the flood.He paid attention to absorbing the experience and lessons of his predecessors, especially his father's water control, first trekking around to find out the changing habits of each river, especially the Yellow River, and then according to the specific conditions of each river, formulated a plan focusing on dredging the river, and then Supplemented by the measures of building weirs and repairing dams, comprehensive control of floods will be implemented.Seeing the disaster that the flood brought to people, he went all out and led the people to control the flood day and night.He dredged the river with a scorpion in his hand, his nails were worn off and calluses were worn off, and the hair on his legs was worn away, and he suffered from partial dryness, but he still worked non-stop. "Han Feizi·Five Beetles" says: "Yu, the king of the world, holds a lei, and thinks that the people are the first. His shares have no legs, and his shin does not grow hair. Although the servants and captives work hard, they don't suffer from this." "Zizi" said : Yu "has no claws, no hair on the shins, and suffers from the disease of partial withering, and his steps do not cross each other. People call him Yubu".大禹治水居外13年，三过家门而不入，连自己刚出生的孩子都没工夫去爱抚，不畏艰苦，身先士卒，腿上的汗毛都在劳动中被磨光了，最终把洪水完全治理好，使洪水成功流经黄河流入大海。而大禹也成为我国历史上第一位成功地治理黄河水患的治水英雄。 《大禹治水》的作者引用大禹治水的典故，是想说南水北调的建设者们是当代的大禹。这篇文章的立意好，文字也不错，但说实话，大禹面对的是太多的水，要疏通洪水，而现实的严峻在于我们面对的无水的广袤的北方，当我想到把惠南庄泵站比做心脏的时候，我就感到，这辽阔的北方如果是一位体内缺水的汉子，那么中线工程也只是一根小小的输液管！ 站在干渠心脏的惠南泵站，我想得更多，我想这也许只是救急的第一步，要改变整个华北特别是京津地区的生态和水资源严重短缺的局面，还有许多工作要做，这是全体国民，各条战线协同配套才能逐步实现的目标。惠南庄泵站完工后，工程要埋进地下，地面上要复种树林，要绿化，规划图像一个大花园。但愿这不是梦想，而是会逐渐向四方扩展的绿洲！ 说南水北调中段工程，看南水北调中段工程，就不能不想到相近的另一条引水工程红旗渠：1500多公里的渠道，200多个隧洞，150多个渡槽，近50座水库，兴建12400多个各类设施，需要削平1200多个山头，在40年前那样的经济条件下，用独轮车、麻绳、钢钎、锤头等最原始的工具，风餐露宿，历时10年，林县人硬是靠钢铁般的意志，群众的智慧，勤劳的双手，建成了一条巧夺天工的人造天河。40年过去了，中国的国力和建设大型水利工程的能力大大提高了，才有可能将这世界第一的南水北调引水工程提上日程并全面实施。在我们参观中线工程过程中，胡浩副局长向我们做了认真的解说。胡浩是“海归”的金融专家，是中国工商银行总行的高管，到南水北调工程工作算是到基层锻炼。集海归、金融专家、南水北调中线管理局副局长于一身，就足有鲜明的时代特征了，也说明了我们修建南水北调工程与40年前修红旗渠有多大的变化。在行进途中，胡浩副局长和有关的工程领导对中线工程又给我们做了较为详细的说明： 中线工程近期实施的规划，从长江支流汉江上的丹江口水库引水，沿伏牛山和太行山山前平原开渠输水，终点北京。远景考虑从长江三峡水库或以下长江干流引水增加北调水量。中线工程具有水质好、覆盖面大、自流输水等优点，是解决华北水资源危机的一项重大基础设施。中线工程的前期研究工作始于20世纪50年代初，40多年来，长江水利委员会与有关省市、部门进行了大量的勘测、规划、设计和科研工作。1994年元月水利部审查通过了长江水利委员会编制的《南水北调中线工程可行性研究报告》，并上报国家计委建议兴建此工程。 中线工程可调水量按丹江口水库后期规模完建，正常蓄水位170米条件下，考虑2020年发展水平在汉江中下游适当做些补偿工程，保证调出区工农业发展、航运及环境用水后，多年平均可调出水量141.4亿立方米，一般枯水年【保证率75%】，可调出水量约110亿立方米。供水范围主要是唐白河平原和黄淮海平原的西中部，供水区总面积约15.5万平方千米。因引汉水量有限，不能满足规划供水区内的需水要求，只能以供京、津、冀、豫、鄂五省市的城市生活和工业用水为主，兼顾部分地区农业及其他用水。 南水北调中线主体工程由水源区工程和输水工程两大部分组成。水源区工程为丹江口水利枢纽后期续建和汉江中下游补偿工程；输水工程即引汉总干渠和天津干渠。 【一】水源区工程 1.丹江口水利枢纽续建工程 丹江口水库控制汉江60%的流域面积，多年平均天然径流量408.5亿立方米，考虑上游发展，预测2020年入库水量为385.4亿立方米。丹江口水利枢纽在已建成初期规模的基础上，按原规划续建完成，坝顶高程从现在的162米，加高至176.6米，设计蓄水位由157米提高到170米，总库容达290.5亿立方米，比初期增加库容116亿立方米，增加有效调节库容88亿立方米，增加防洪库容33亿立方米。丹江口水库后期规模正常蓄水位170米时，将增加淹没处理面积370平方千米，据1992年调查，主要淹没实物指标为：人口：22.4万人。房屋：479.4万平方米。耕地：23.5万亩。工矿企业120个【含乡镇企业】，淹没固定资产原值1.2亿元。 2.汉江中下游补偿工程 为免除近期调水对汉江中下游的工农业及航运等用水可能产生的不利影响，需兴建：干流渠化工程兴隆或碾盘山枢纽，东荆河引江补水工程，改建或扩建部分闸站和增建部分航道整治工程。 【二】输水工程 1.总干渠 黄河以南总干渠线路受已建渠首位置、江淮分水岭的方城垭口和穿过黄河的范围限制，走向明确。黄河以北曾比较利用现有河道输水和新开渠道两类方案，从保证水质和全线自流两方面考虑选择新开渠道的高线方案。总干渠自陶岔渠首引水，沿已建成的8千米渠道延伸，在伏牛山南麓山前岗垅与平原相间的地带，向东北行进，经南阳过白河后跨江淮分水岭方城垭口入淮河流域。经宝丰、禹州、新郑西，在郑州西北孤柏咀处穿越黄河。然后沿太行山东麓山前平原，京广铁路西侧北上，至唐县进入低山丘陵区，过北拒马河进入北京市境，过永定河后进入北京市区，终点是玉渊潭。总干渠全长1241.2千米。天津干渠自河北省徐水县西黑山村北总干渠上分水向东至天津西河闸，全长142千米。总干渠渠首设计水位147.2米，终点49.5米，全线自流。 黄河以南渠道纵坡1/25000；黄河以北1/30000～1/15000。渠道全线按不同土质，分别采用混凝土，水泥土，喷浆抹面等方式全断面衬砌，防渗减糙。渠道设计水深随设计流量由南向北递减，由渠首9.5米到北京3.5米，底宽由56米～7米。总干渠的工程地质条件和主要地质问题已基本清楚。对所经膨胀土和黄土类渠段的渠坡稳定问题、饱和砂土段的震动液化问题和高地震裂度段的抗震问题、通过煤矿区的压煤及采空区塌陷问题等在设计中采取相应工程措施解决。 总干渠沟通长江、淮河、黄河、海河四大流域，需穿过黄河干流及其他集流面积10平方千米以上河流219条，跨越铁路44处，需建跨总干渠的公路桥571座，此外还有节制闸、分水闸、退水建筑物和隧洞、暗渠等，总干渠上各类建筑物共936座，其中最大的是穿黄河工程。天津干渠穿越大小河流48条，有建筑物119座。 2.穿黄河工程 总干渠在黄河流域规划的桃花峪水库库区穿过黄河，穿黄工程规模大，问题复杂，投资多，是总干渠上最关键的建筑物。经多方案综合研究比较认为，渡槽和隧道、倒虹两个方案，技术上均可行。由于隧道方案可避免与黄河河势、黄河规划的矛盾，盾构法施工技术国内外都有成功经验可借鉴，因此结合两岸渠线布置，推荐采用孤柏咀隧道方案。穿黄河隧道工程全长约7.2千米，设计输水能力500立方米/秒，采用两条内径8.5米圆形断面隧道。 【三】主要工程量和投资 土方开挖6.0亿立方米；石方开挖0.6亿立方米；土石方填筑2.3亿立方米；混凝土1583万立方米；衬砌水泥土718万立方米；钢筋钢材70万t；永久占地42.2万亩【含库区淹没23.5万亩】临时占地11万亩。 中线工程控制进度的主要因素是丹江口库区移民和总干渠工程中的穿黄河工程。穿黄河工程采用盾构机开挖，工期约需六年，并需考虑工程筹建期。按1993年底价格水平估算，工程静态总投资约400亿元。 中线工程可缓解京、津、华北地区水资源危机，为京、津及河南、河北沿线城市生活、工业增加供水64亿立方米，增供农业30亿立方米，大大改善供水区生态环境和投资环境，推动我国中部地区的经济发展。丹江口水库大坝加高提高汉江中下游防洪标准，保障汉北平原及武汉市安全。 为了较为准确地反映中线工程的规模和相关的数据，我基本上引用了管理局提供的资料。这样的规模已经与红旗渠不可同日而语了。仅中线就如此规模宏大，再加上东线、西线，将是世界第一的调水工程也是人类史的一个奇迹。作为对一项宏大工程的考察，我们从终点往起点走，看了终点大工程——东四环地下暗涵，看了心脏工程惠南庄泵站，还有三大看点：一是漕河渡槽，二是穿黄河工程，三是源头丹江口。正是这五个关节，接起了一条千里长的由明渠、暗渠和虹吸工程连起来的输水线。 采风团沿工程线继续向南，到达河北的满城县。这是一个丘陵与平原过渡的农业县。我们特意到这个县的万亩桃园看桃花。桃花成片成片地盛开，越远越是好看，像红霞铺地，也像美女们相聚，火凤凰一样的灿烂。只是走近了，光秃秃的桃树干上冒出一骨杂儿一骨杂儿的花朵，老树新花，少了树叶的映衬，突兀别扭。大家还是在桃林里摄影留念，出来好几天了，春天好像在这里等着我们。等着我们去看的还有中线干渠的重要枢纽工程——漕河渡槽。在暮色西沉的时候，我们来到了漕河工地。漕河，顾名思义是有渡槽的河。当南来的水抵达这里的时候，需要穿越山峦中的山洞，跨越一片开阔的平原，继续前进。在山峦中，需要挖隧洞，而在两山之间或河流之上，需要建设渡槽。漕河渡槽是干渠最大的渡槽。 眼前出现了一条从遥远的暮色中蜿蜒而来的大渡槽，全长大概有好几公里，望不到头，因为那一端似乎是从一片黛黑的山峦里面出来的。工程的建设者给我们介绍说，这个漕河工程全长9300米，由隧道、土渠、渡槽和石渠以及北部隧洞构成。站在漕河北部的尽头向南边望，整个渡槽像一条巨龙腾越穿山越谷地过来了。漕河有3个水槽，可以根据来水量进行控制和检修，同时也可以使渡槽本身的预应力减小。水的重量是很可观的，渡槽距离地面27米高，渡槽的宽度也有22米以上，显得宏大和壮观。这个渡槽的建设，是为了在2008年北京举办奥运会的时候，实现从石家庄向北京进行应急供水的最重要的工程。这个工程建设完成之后，石家庄附近离京较近的大水库的水，奥运会之前就可以顺利地引到北京了。 漕河渡槽气势宏伟，在技术上也先进，22米宽的渡槽如果铺上水泥板，比常见的高速公路也不差。只是在这条高速通道上通行的不是车辆，而是千里外引进北京的水，为了保证不因意外中断了供水，渡槽是双水道，所以规模如此雄伟。漕河渡槽横跨漕河和马连川河两条河流，是南水北调中线工程漕河段工程中最为重要的部分。葛洲坝一公司于2004年11月中标承担了漕河段三标即渡槽工程三分之二的工程量，包括41跨，总长1286.6米，设计流量每秒125立方米，最大流量每秒150立方米，每跨长度30米，无论是过水能力还是单跨长度均创造了全国之最；单跨长度仅次于30.8米跨度的印度葛麦力渡槽，为亚洲第二大渡槽工程。在历时近4年的施工中，葛洲坝集团一公司漕河渡槽项目部牢固树立以“创世界品牌、铸世纪丰碑”为目标，精心施工，科学管理，在施工质量、安全、进度和文明施工等方面一直位居南水北调中线工程所有施工单位的第一名，并多次受到表彰，被评为“南水北调中线干线工程优秀建设单位”、“质量工作管理先进集体”、“安全管理优秀单位”，得到了南水北调中线工程建管局的高度赞赏。国务院南水北调工程建设委员会办公室主任张基尧在视察该工程通水过程中，称赞葛洲坝一公司为南水北调工程做出了突出贡献，是一支品牌响、实力强、业界领先、作风顽强的优秀施工队伍。他希望葛洲坝集团继续发挥央企的优势，在南水北调工程建设中发挥主力军作用，总结先进经验，永不满足，再接再厉，勇争一流，在建设好该工程的基础上，运行好、管理好漕河渡槽工程，为这一世纪工程发挥巨大的综合效益做出新的更大的贡献。 在漕河渡槽工地，我们不仅感受到这一世纪工程的浩大宏伟，也感受到现代中国大型国有骨干企业的创新和建设能力。改革开放以来，一座座大型工程横空出世，葛洲坝、三峡、小浪底、杭州湾跨海大桥……这些工程不仅大大提高了我们的经济实力，同时也展示了中国复兴的步伐。记得曾给我们带来光荣的只有长城，记得北京城“十大建筑”如今已经被更多更美的现代建筑淹没而几乎无人知晓了。 然而，也许这就是作家采风团的特点，在惊叹感慨之后，会有“然而”出现。然而，漕河渡槽如飞天长虹横跨两河，漕河和马连川河，在高耸的渡槽下，两河的河床乱石横陈，沙砾漫野，没有流水，在春天断流后，成了满目凄凉的荒滩。原本是青山绿水，现在河流干涸了，河床里没有了水，而远来的“天水”凌空飞架渡槽，像匆匆而过的过客。如果我们的河流能够清水长流，我们的山上树木常青，我们用得着不远千里，耗资亿万地引水救急吗？水是可能用完的，湖泊和河流是可能变成沙漠的，这一点最基本的道理，我们的决策者们，希望不要忘了。前两天，电视上播放了一则新闻，说是罗布泊上游开始向罗布泊供水，于是完全沙漠化的罗布泊的一小部分区域开始有了生物活动。这让我回忆起几年前我随部队在罗布泊地区考察的情景，也许，会让我们警惕我们生活的脚下的土地也变成另一个罗布泊： 罗布泊的死亡是因为它的源头枯竭了，作为罗布泊之源的孔雀河，已不复存在。当年孔雀河不仅养育了罗布泊，而且也是楼兰古城的乳母。在西方考古学家瑞典人赫文斯定、英国人斯坦因、美国人亨廷顿等进入楼兰和罗布泊时，有些人员就是乘船沿孔雀河而来。面对这巨大的死湖，我惊愕地发现，沧海桑田这种变迁，原来并不需要千年，就是昨天，也可能是新的太阳升起来那一刻。 我写过一首诗记录罗布泊之行，诗中写道：“我们躲在越野车内，好像／一支支蜡烛躲避火柴的亲吻……汽车发狂地拼命奔跑／拼命在被空气点燃以前跑出／罗布泊——世界上已经最不湖泊的冒牌货！”然而，我们能躲过罗布泊的命运吗？我想问，谁能来回答我！ 面对中国最大的引水工程中最大的渡槽，我想到罗布泊，因为渡槽下是两条干涸的河，而曾经美丽的罗布泊变成了死亡之湖也只是因为它的源头孔雀河干涸了，死亡了！ 漕河渡槽是个象征，是个惊醒的雕塑：两山之间的漕河干涸了，马连川河断流了，自然之河死了，在河滩的乱石沙砾间人们树起了巨大的支柱，支柱上架着巨大的渡槽，渡槽里流着从千里外人工调来的水。但愿这是另一个开始，从此之后，这两条在渡槽下的河慢慢地复苏，渐渐地有了流水，有了绿波，有了一首歌“一条大河波浪宽，风吹稻花香两岸……” 我们下一个采风点是穿黄工程，从黄河的河床下穿越黄河，是南水北调工程的控制全局的节点。东线也有一项穿黄工程，中线的主战场之一也是穿黄工程。南水北调工程是全线铺开同时进展，但完工的顺序是从尾到头