Chapter 29 Chapter 28 Karst Water Plateau——Records of Water Conservancy in Guizhou
Water is the simplest substance in nature. Two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom constitute the molecular formula of water. Water is also the most miraculous substance in nature. It condenses into ice when it is cold, and evaporates into steam when it is hot.She is not only the source of life, but also an indispensable basic ingredient for the evolution of all things in the world.
Judging from the initial state of human civilization, water has almost an indissoluble bond with human beings.
Noah's Ark in the "Bible" drifted around with the flood; Pangu, the Chinese hero who broke the sky, also came from the flood of the sky.
If we look back at the earth from the depths of the sky, the earth appears blue due to the water covering, and becomes the most fascinating celestial body in the starry sky, full of charm and spirituality.
Yes, it is precisely because of water that the earth has become the only planet endowed with life and intelligent life in the vast universe that has been scientifically confirmed so far.
Water is very weak, flowing and invisible, so people often say that tenderness is like water; but water is also very tough, dripping water can wear stones, so people compare it with fierce beasts: exclaim Flood beast!
It is even praised by sages and sages: water can carry a boat, but it can also overturn it.It can be seen that the power and energy of water are not limited by people's imagination.
With the progress of human society and the development of science and technology, the potential functions of water are almost brought into full play: agricultural irrigation, aquaculture, transportation and shipping, energy storage and power generation, tourism, urban beautification, ecological improvement and so on.
Water is a basic natural resource, an economic strategic resource, a public social resource, and an irreplaceable life resource; water is the lifeblood of agriculture, the blood of industry, and the pillar of the environment.
Water conservancy is to solve the four problems in the hydrological cycle that are unfavorable to human production, life and ecology, such as excessive water [flood], low water [drought and water shortage], dirty water [water pollution], and muddy water [soil erosion, sediment]. A general term for engineering measures and non-engineering measures for major problems.
Here, we try to make an overall summary and description of the glorious achievements of Guizhou's water conservancy undertaking in the past sixty years.
Guizhou Province is located on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in southwest China, overlooking the vast plains of the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta to the southeast, and the vast Qinghai-Tibet, the roof of the world, to the northwest.
From a geographical point of view, Guizhou is customarily called the Guizhou Plateau;
From the perspective of geomorphology, Guizhou can be called a karst plateau;
From a more essential hydrogeological point of view, Guizhou should be called a karst water plateau!
The history of the earth's evolution tells us that the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau is one of the typical areas on the earth where mountains and water change from one another.In the Paleozoic Cambrian period more than 500 million years ago, this place was a vast ocean, and marine organisms such as trilobites were very prosperous, and huge thick sedimentary rock layers were deposited, laying the earliest solid foundation for the karst plateau.
Throughout the long geological years of the Paleozoic Era and the evolution of geological ages, the land of Guizhou has always been submerged and exposed by transgression and regression, playing a symphony of mountains and flowing water.
As the battle turns and the stars move, the tide ebbs and flows.The Paleozoic Era of the earth entered the vigorous Mesozoic Era after the mass extinction event of the Permian Period.During the Triassic period, the United Ancient Land was harmoniously unified, surrounded by the ancient Pacific Ocean outside, and embraced the beautiful ancient Tethys Sea inside, also known as the ancient Mediterranean Sea.The ancient Mediterranean was wide and vast, with light wind and flat waves, bright sunshine, stable and good ancient ecological environment, so that a large area of carbonate rocks, biological reefs and other strata were deposited in the Guizhou area and its adjacent surrounding areas, and various dragons, fishes, etc. Marine vertebrates, crinoid marine echinoderms and other marine biota are active in the shallow seas and bays of Guizhou's paleogeographical environment, leaving Guizhou with a rich karst and paleontological heritage, and the material foundation of the karst plateau has basically been laid.
The Jurassic period at the end of the Mesozoic Era was the era when terrestrial dinosaurs dominated the earth. The prosperity of such large and numerous herbivores must be closely related to the abundance of water.The cause and effect of heaven and earth change with the times. After tens of millions of years of evolution, the earth's environmental conditions have undergone major changes, which has caused the extinction of the mighty dinosaur population, ended the prosperity of the earth's Mesozoic era, and ushered in a more magnificent new era, that is, the emergence of human beings. era.
The new tectonic movement of the Cenozoic Era has completely changed the original distribution of oceans and land on the earth. The joint ancient continent was decomposed into seven continents due to crustal plate movement and continental drift. The ancient Pacific Ocean and the ancient Tethys Sea were formed due to the division of the seven continents. four oceans.During the Himalayan orogeny, due to the subduction of the Indian plate to the Asian plate, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the roof of the world, uplifted in Asia, followed by the uplift of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. China’s landform pattern of high in the west and low in the east, and three steps gradually formed, which also formed the current surface of my country. and groundwater system pattern.
The Guizhou Plateau is a world-renowned kingdom of sedimentary rock, paleontology and karst. It is a typical karst karst area, with more than 70% of the surface karst area.In the deep underground of the plateau, there are also multi-layered and large-area karst rock aquifers deposited in the Proterozoic, Paleozoic, and Mesozoic eras for more than one billion years.
The knowledge of water chemistry tells us that although carbonate rock is very complete and hard under normal conditions, it will be dissolved under the action of groundwater containing carbon dioxide, forming a series of underground dissolution fissures, dissolution caves and dissolution pipelines. Therefore, in areas where carbonates are widely distributed, relatively independent karst groundwater is often formed underground due to the interbedded and alternately isolated aquifers and aquifers.
In this way, we can imagine that under the Guizhou Plateau, there are multi-layered, countless huge water tanks, large water cellars, large reservoirs, large lakes, and large and small underground river systems created by nature.
The demonstration of the above geological science theory fully demonstrates that it is well-deserved to call the Guizhou Plateau a karst water plateau!
Now, let us focus on understanding Guizhou's water resources from the surface.
Guizhou Province is located in the eastern part of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, in the watershed zone of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the Pearl River. It borders Hunan in the east, Guangxi in the south, Yunnan in the west, and Sichuan and Chongqing in the north.
Geographically, Guizhou is located in a large cascade-shaped slope zone transitioning from the Yunnan Plateau in the west of my country to the low mountains and hills in Hunan in the east, with complex and diverse landform types.According to different combinations, it can be divided into six landform types, including the mountainous and hilly area in eastern Guizhou, the middle mountain canyon area in northern Guizhou, the hilly basin area in central Guizhou, the mountainous valley area in southern Guizhou, the mountainous area in northwest Guizhou, and the hilly basin area in southwestern Guizhou. Among them, the central part is the main body of the Guizhou Plateau.According to the principle of similarity in the formation of landforms, Guizhou's landforms can be divided into three first-level areas and eleven second-level areas.
Guizhou Province covers an area of 176,167 square kilometers and belongs to two major water systems, the Yangtze River and the Pearl River.Bounded by the east-west Miaoling Mountains in central Guizhou, the north and east of the Miaoling Mountains belong to the Yangtze River system, accounting for 66% of the province's area; the south and west of the Miaoling Mountains belong to the Pearl River system, accounting for a little of the province's area 34% of the total.
The Guizhou Plateau has towering peaks and well-developed mountain systems.The average altitude of the province is about 1100 meters, the highest point is 2900 meters, and the lowest point is 137 meters. It gradually decreases from west to east, and the change is obvious, forming a three-level ground.In addition to Miaoling, there are Dalou Mountain in the north of Guizhou, Wumeng Mountain in the west and Wuling Mountain in the northeast.There are thousands of mountains and valleys, and rivers are densely covered.There are eight main rivers, Wujiang River, Liuchong River, Chishui River, Qingshui River, Duliu River, Nanpan River, Beipan River, and Hongshui River, with a drainage area of more than 10,000 square kilometers; there are nearly a thousand rivers with a length of more than 10 kilometers The main water systems in the Yangtze River Basin include Wujiang River, Chishui River, Qingshui River, Wuyang River, Jinjiang and Niulan River; the Pearl River Basin includes Beipan River, Nanpan River, Hongshuihe water system, Liujiang and other water systems.
From the perspective of hydraulic resources, the average surface water resources of rivers in Guizhou for many years exceed 100 billion cubic meters, of which, the Yangtze River Basin is about 68 billion cubic meters; the Pearl River Basin is about 38.2 billion cubic meters.In addition, the inbound water volume from outside the province is about 15.3 billion cubic meters; the total surface water resources in Guizhou [the sum of domestic water volume and inbound water volume] totals more than 120 billion cubic meters.
The annual average rainfall in Guizhou Province is about 1200 mm. Coupled with the advantage of the topographical drop, the water resources are very rich. It is estimated that the theoretical reserves of Guizhou's water resources are about 18.75 million kilowatts [excluding single rivers with theoretical reserves of less than 10,000 kilowatts]. Ranking sixth in the country, the technology can develop an installed capacity of 23 million kilowatts.Among the 88 counties in Guizhou Province, 83 counties have rural hydropower resources, 75 counties have a developable installed capacity of more than 10,000 kilowatts, and 58 counties have a developable installed capacity of more than 50,000 kilowatts.Guizhou can be called a giant rich mine of hydropower resources in the country.
Therefore, we have reason to say that water is the foundation of ecology and the source of kinetic energy in Guizhou Province.
China is a traditional large agricultural country. Since ancient times, it has attached great importance to the construction and utilization of water conservancy, and has a tradition of benefiting irrigation from floods.It has created countless water conservancy miracles of farming civilization: Dayu's water control in myths and legends, Dujiangyan and the Grand Canal in the historical era, etc.
However, although Guizhou has abundant rainfall and abundant water resources, due to high mountains and steep slopes, strong terrain cuts, poor water storage and water retention capacity, a large amount of water resources are hidden in the form of groundwater, and it is very difficult to develop and utilize them; moreover, due to economic poverty, The transportation is extremely backward, making Guizhou in history often in a difficult state of "sitting on the water without water to drink".
Here we only take Qiannan Miao and Buyi Autonomous Prefecture before the founding of New China as an example.
Before liberation, in the years of turmoil and turmoil, the water conservancy facilities in Qiannan Prefecture were in a situation of lack of money for construction and stagnation.Most of the simple small-scale water conservancy projects left over from past dynasties were built spontaneously by the people. They were small in scale and low in efficiency.According to statistics, by 1949, there were nearly 6,000 water conservancy facilities in Qiannan Prefecture, with an effective irrigated area of 324,500 mu and a guaranteed irrigated area of 222,100 mu, accounting for 11.9% and 8.1% of the prefecture's cultivated land area at that time; There are only a few water storage ponds with a total volume of about 40,000 cubic meters, and there are only 9 large-scale water diversion projects, with a total irrigation area of only 23,000 mu; there are no drinking water projects for humans and animals in the prefecture, and there is no mechanical water lifting Projects and farmland irrigation all use simple traditional water-lifting tools such as keel carts, barrel carts, and water-tapping barrels to lift water for irrigation.Due to the lack of water conservancy and irrigation engineering facilities, the irrigation of farmland cannot be guaranteed. The level of agricultural production is low, the people's life is difficult, and the rural economy is very backward.
From the perspective of the whole province, Guizhou has a lot of historical "debts" in the development and utilization of water conservancy, which can be said to be heavily in debt, especially the problem of engineering water shortage.By the end of 1949, the total storage capacity of the province's water storage projects was only 21.33 million cubic meters, and the effective agricultural irrigation area was only 2.065 million mu, of which the guaranteed irrigation area was only 1.48 million mu, accounting for 12.1% of the province's rice field area at that time.There is only Guiyang Water Plant in the urban water supply project, with a designed annual water supply capacity of more than 700,000 cubic meters.Before liberation, the only power station built in Guizhou was the Tianmenhe Hydropower Station in Tongzi County, with the total installed capacity of two units
The capacity is only 576 kilowatts.There are only sporadic records of flood control projects in historical records, and the province's rivers are basically undefended, and the ability to prevent floods and reduce disasters is extremely poor.
The water problem that plagues Guizhou is not only drinking and irrigation, but more importantly, the increasing loss of fertile ointment in rural homes.
Soil erosion in Guizhou is dominated by hydraulic erosion, which mainly occurs on steep slope cultivated land, barren hills and barren slopes, sparse forest land, and some arbor pure forest land. It is one of the western provinces with the most serious water and soil erosion in the country.According to the second national soil erosion remote sensing survey data in 2000, the province's soil erosion area is 73180.05 square kilometers, accounting for 41.54% of the province's area.The annual soil erosion volume is 252.1538 million tons.The erosion modulus is 1432t/【km2.a】.According to the degree of loss, the area of light loss is 41416.34 square kilometers, accounting for 23.51% of the total land area; the area of moderate loss is 22424.44 square kilometers, accounting for 12.73%; the area of intensive loss is 8016.86 square kilometers, accounting for 4.55%; the area of extreme loss is 1322.41 square kilometers ; 0.75%.Divided by watershed, the area of soil erosion in the Yangtze River Basin is 58,166.0 square kilometers, accounting for 50.25% of the total area of the watershed. The annual soil erosion volume is 231.0486 million tons, and the average soil erosion modulus is 1997t/[km2.a]. , accounting for 30.67% of the total area of the basin, with an annual soil erosion of 54.6107 million tons and an erosion modulus of 904t/[km2.a].
The loss of water and soil is like the unprovoked excretion of human nutrients. Over time, people will disappear.The same is true for the land. The erosion of soil and water will lead to the "barrenization", "rocky desertification" and even "desertification" of the land!
As far as the geographical distribution of soil and water loss in Guizhou is concerned, the erosion in the west, northwest, and northeast is the most serious, and soil erosion above the intensity level is mainly distributed in this area.From the perspective of the distribution of water and soil erosion in the watershed, the most serious water and soil erosion in the Yangtze River Basin is the Wujiang River and Chishui River systems, and the North and South Panjiang water systems in the Pearl River Basin.There are nearly 20 counties [cities, districts] where the area of water and soil erosion accounts for more than 50% of the country's land area; the central and eastern regions are more serious, and the ratio of the area of soil erosion to the country's land area is generally in the range of 30-50%; the southern and southeastern regions The degree of water and soil loss has slowed down slightly, and the loss area is generally about 30%, mainly at the level of mild loss intensity.
Through a large number of field investigations and research and analysis by experts, there are three main characteristics of soil erosion on the Guizhou Plateau:
One is mainly hydraulic erosion, with gravity erosion, landslides, and debris flows.
Second, among the land types with soil erosion, the soil erosion of sloping farmland is the most serious.Guizhou is a mountainous province with the most concentrated sloping cultivated land in the country. The province's existing sloping cultivated land area is 46.4349 million mu, accounting for 63.13% of the total cultivated land area.Among them, 15.4841 million mu of 6-15 degree, accounting for 21.06%; 18.2544 million mu of 15-25 degree, accounting for 24.82%; 12.6964 million mu of above 25 degree, accounting for 17.26%.According to the second remote sensing survey of soil erosion in 1999, the area of soil erosion in the province is 31,000 square kilometers, accounting for 42.36% of the area of soil erosion in the province, and it is the main area of soil erosion in our province.
Third, soil erosion is concealed.Guizhou Province has good water and heat conditions, which are conducive to the growth of vegetation. However, most of the existing forest lands are unreasonable in structure, with single forest species, and there are still varying degrees of soil erosion.For example, the pure forest of masson pine has the characteristics of "greenness seen from a distance, and water and soil flow seen up close", forming water and soil erosion under the cover of green mountains and green waters.
Experts pointed out that the hazards of water and soil loss are: sedimentation, which reduces the benefits of water conservancy projects; soil water conservation function declines, making drinking water difficult for rural people and animals; a large amount of surface soil nutrients are lost, land production capacity declines; ecological environment imbalance, frequent natural disasters , threatening the safety of people's lives and property; the loss of topsoil and the exposed bedrock make the land appear "barren" and "rocky desertification".
Drought is a common and most serious natural disaster in Guizhou. It is caused by the influence of atmospheric circulation, unbalanced distribution of water and soil, high fields and low water, karst development, and poor soil water storage capacity. Its types include: spring drought, which occurs every year From March to May, the summer drought occurs from June to August, and the autumn drought occurs from September to November, among which the summer drought is the most serious.Drought caused dry farmland, difficulty in drinking water for people and animals in rural areas, and shortage of water supply in towns, factories and mines.
Floods corresponding to droughts are the main natural disasters that often occur in Guizhou during the rainy season. They occur from May to September every year. The types are divided into: mountain torrents, karst depressions, and river overflows.Floods of different degrees occur in the province every year, causing farmland to be washed away, houses to collapse, towns to flood, and traffic to be interrupted, causing serious harm to the national economy and people's lives and property, and causing huge economic losses.
Water seems to be a sharp double-edged sword, it depends on whether you can hold its hilt tightly and use it for me!
In traditional Chinese culture, sixty years is an important node. It is not only a Jiazi cycle in the lunar calendar, but also a complete unit of the combination of heavenly stems and earthly branches.
Among the five elements of metal, wood, water, fire, and earth, the dialectical relationship of mutual generation, mutual restraint, mutual restraint, and phase transformation reveals the objective laws of countless things.
Therefore, sixty years is an auspicious day worthy of serious summary and inventory.
Guizhou water conservancy construction has gone through hardships and created brilliance in the 60 years of prosperity.
Guizhou water conservancy people regard Dayu as their idol and combine modern water science concepts with Dayu's spirit. The historical mission of the economic development and construction of New China is more like a long whip to urge them to hesitate. So they shouted , The long sword is out of its sheath!
From the founding of New China to today's reform and opening up, we can divide Guizhou's water conservancy construction into two historical development stages:
The first stage is the first 30 years of foundation laying [1949-1978]; the second stage is the last 30 years of rapid development [1979-2009];
In the first 30 years, limited by objective conditions, we started from scratch, worked hard to start a business, laid the foundation, cultivated talents, explored experience, and initially achieved results and scale;
The last three decades have benefited from reform and opening up, emancipation of the mind, system innovation, large-scale planning, large investment, large projects, great results, great changes, and great development.
Over the past 60 years of water conservancy construction in Guizhou, we have forged ahead amid difficulties and twists and turns, and through the hard work and dedication of several generations of water conservancy professionals, we have made brilliant achievements in promoting benefits and eliminating harm, enriching people and rejuvenating Guizhou.Five major project systems of flood control and drought relief, water conservancy irrigation, urban and rural water supply, local small hydropower and soil and water conservation have been initially formed; they have laid a solid foundation for Guizhou's national economic and social development.
Let's first understand the following facts:
Due to the high mountains and low water and the development of karst in Guizhou, the problems of drinking water difficulties and unsafe drinking water in rural areas are wide-ranging. Before 1997, no special funds were invested in the construction of rural drinking water projects. During this period, the construction of various large, medium, small and micro water conservancy projects solved the problem of drinking water difficulties for 6.9388 million rural population.Since 1997, with the strong support of the state, Guizhou Province has successively implemented the "Phase I Desire Project" [1997-1999], the "Second Phase Desire Project" [2000-2004], and the "Rural Drinking Water Relief Project"【 From 2000 to 2004], the problem of drinking water difficulties in the whole province was basically solved.Since 2005, the rural drinking water safety project has been launched.From 1997 to the end of 2008, the state subsidized a total of 2.873 billion yuan for rural drinking projects in Guizhou, and 485 million yuan was allocated by provincial finance.
In short, in the past 60 years, we have adhered to the people-oriented principle and helped the masses to solve the problems of water for production and living. In particular, we have made breakthroughs in solving the safety of drinking water in rural areas, and have solved the drinking water problems of 20.9 million people in total, making contributions to the livelihood of the people in rural areas.
Over the past 60 years, with the efforts of several generations of water conservancy workers and the broad masses of the people, according to the principle of "combining large, medium, small and micro, focusing on medium and small; Based on the idea of water conservancy construction based on energy conservation and energy saving, a number of water conservancy projects have been built, and 38 medium-sized reservoirs have been built, with an additional storage capacity of about 900 million cubic meters.
Guizhou has implemented eight large-scale irrigation projects in Wengfu, Wuzhong, Tongdong, Anxi, Meifengyu, Lirong, Jinqian, and Xingzhong. A total of 3,000 kilometers of water-saving renovations and continued construction of supporting channels and their canal systems have been completed. There are more than 2,500 buildings, and the accumulated effective irrigation area has increased by 970,000 mu. In the implemented project areas, the per capita effective irrigation area has increased from 0.38 mu to 0.58 mu on average; the cumulative increase in grain production capacity has increased by 92,000 tons; the utilization of canal water The coefficient has increased from about 0.35 in the past to more than 0.7, and the irrigation guarantee rate has increased from about 38% in the past to more than 80%.
Implement rainwater collection and utilization projects based on small pools, small water cellars, and small mountain ponds. From 1949 to 2008, 2.172 billion yuan was invested to build 696,100 "three small" projects, which solved the irrigation problem of 2,480,100 mu of cultivated land.
Since 2005, the construction of tobacco and water supporting projects has been implemented. From 2005 to 2008, a total of 2.99 billion yuan has been invested in construction funds, and an area of 3.59 million mu of tobacco and water supporting irrigation has been completed. The implementation of the project has effectively solved the water used for tobacco leaf production and other crop production. It has promoted the improvement of the effective irrigation area per capita in rural areas of the whole province.
Over the past 60 years, Guizhou has added 12.7462 million mu of effective irrigated area, and the effective irrigated area has reached 14.8111 million mu. The per capita effective irrigated area of rural population has increased from 0.16 mu in 1949 to 0.52 mu, laying a solid foundation for the province's food security.
Guizhou is a province with severe water and soil erosion in my country. According to statistical surveys, the area of soil erosion in the province was 25,000 square kilometers in the early 1950s, 35,000 square kilometers in the 1960s, 50,000 square kilometers in the 1980s, and 73,100 square kilometers in 2000. [Number of satellite remote sensing].
The control of soil and water loss in Guizhou was basically carried out gradually after the founding of the People's Republic of China; it roughly went through three periods: first, the initial period [1954-1957]; second, the tortuous development period [1958-1979]; Thirdly, the period from pilot projects in small watersheds to key governance in large areas [1979-present].Over the past 60 years, the area of water and soil erosion control has reached 25,800 square kilometers [the area of small watershed treatment is 23,600 square kilometers]. The treatment area is 4,800 square kilometers; the key control of water and soil conservation has increased from 4 counties under the "Changzhi" project in 1989 to 30 during the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period of "Changzhi", "Zhuzhi" and the World Bank loan projects for water and soil conservation county.The small watersheds that have been treated have taken reasonable allocation of engineering measures and biological measures to form a better comprehensive protection system, water and soil loss has been basically curbed, and the ecological environment has been improved.
Since the founding of the People's Republic of China 60 years ago, the people of all ethnic groups in Guizhou have fought unremittingly against frequent severe floods and droughts, and have withstood the severe test of extraordinary natural disasters.Especially in the past 30 years of reform and opening up, great achievements have been made in disaster prevention and mitigation.After 60 years of construction, the main urban areas of 43 counties in the province have basically met the flood control standards stipulated by the state, and 1,534 kilometers of dikes have been built [of which 310 kilometers meet the standards], protecting a population of 3.26 million and protecting 1.46 million mu of cultivated land; governance There are 280 small and above-sized reservoirs, which effectively play the role of reservoir storage and flood prevention and security; carried out drainage and treatment of depressions in Tongren area; established flood control and drought relief service teams in 84 counties; basically completed the flood control and drought relief command system of Guizhou Province, and realized the [States and prefectures] Real-time video conferences and automatic real-time monitoring and early warning of rain and water conditions in major rivers and key reservoirs in the province, and establish and improve flood control emergency communication networks for reservoir hydropower stations.A flood control and drought relief system has been preliminarily formed to minimize the economic losses caused by floods and droughts to the national economy and society.
Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, there was only one Tongzi Tianmenhe hydropower station in Guizhou, which was built by the 41 Arsenal of the former Republic of China government in 1945, with an installed capacity of only a few hundred kilowatts.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the local electric power department in Guizhou followed the central government's policy of "walking on two legs" and started from the trial operation of small hydropower stations in rural areas. In July 1956, the Xingyi Shizishan Hydropower Station with an installed capacity of 100 kilowatts was put into operation, which became the starting point for the pilot stage of local electric power in the province.Afterwards, after the initial stage of development, until 1978, the province's local power construction had made great progress, and the installed capacity of hydropower stations had reached 210,000 kilowatts. After 1978, local electric power construction in Guizhou entered a new period marked by the realization of rural electrification.
Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, local electric power has gradually broken through the limitations of "small hydropower" and developed to "simultaneous development of small and medium-sized hydropower", from single-station development to river cascade rolling development.Among them, Fengxi River, Wuyang River and Dabang River have successfully realized cascade development. At the end of 2008, the cumulative installed capacity of small hydropower in rural areas reached 1,814 megawatts, 80 counties in the province had rural small hydropower, 21 rural hydropower primary electrification counties and 13 hydropower rural electrification counties were completed, and the construction of 5 small hydropower fuel-substituting pilot counties was completed .The construction of rural small hydropower has greatly promoted the development of county-run industries and township enterprises, improved rural production and living conditions, protected forest vegetation, and promoted farmers' income increase.
Since the country promulgated the "Water Law of the People's Republic of China", "Soil and Water Conservation Law of the People's Republic of China" and "Regulations on the Administration of Rivers of the People's Republic of China", Guizhou Province has also successively issued "Guizhou Province Implementation of the "Water and Water Conservation Law of the People's Republic of China" based on the actual conditions of the province. Laws", "Guizhou Province's Implementation of the "People's Republic of China Water and Soil Conservation Law"" and "Guizhou Province River Management Regulations" and other laws and regulations have basically made water management work legal.At the same time, the pilot project of the water administration law enforcement system started and was gradually promoted. Starting from the establishment of water administration supervision teams throughout the province, a full-time water administration supervision team with "coordinated relations, strict organization, strict discipline, and effective operation" was gradually formed. Water conservancy law enforcement system at the provincial, prefectural and county levels.Achievements have been made in maintaining the normal order of water affairs and social stability, and speeding up the pace of water conservancy work in accordance with the law.
At the same time, the management of water resources has been strengthened, the initial water rights allocation system has been established and the allocation of water resources has been optimized, the water abstraction permit system and the water resources demonstration system have been implemented; the collection of water resources fees has been carried out, and the system of paid use of water resources has basically taken shape ; The construction of a water-saving society has been gradually promoted, and the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan for the Construction of a Water-saving Society in Guizhou Province" and "The Plan for the Construction of a Water-saving Society in Qingzhen City" have been compiled [listed as one of the national pilot counties]; New progress has been made in resource protection. The "Guizhou Water Function Zoning" has been compiled and approved by the provincial government, and has entered the stage of full implementation; monitoring of 90 centralized water supply sources in cities above the county level has been carried out, and reporting of sudden water pollution incidents has been implemented system, and carried out groundwater utilization and protection work.At present, the province's water resources management has entered a new stage of legal development, protection and management.
The achievements here do not need to be listed too much. It is enough when people know what kind of foundation and starting point Guizhou has accomplished a series of unprecedented feats. The floods, droughts and famines on the plateau reflect the wisdom and loyalty.
What I want to say is that Guizhou water conservancy people are the contemporary Dayu on the plateau!
During the time of Yao and Shun, the world was flooded, and Gun used the method of blocking up the land for nine years without success.Yu took his place and used the method of dredging to open up Kyushu, connect nine roads, improve Nine Lakes, and cross Nine Mountains. Taking advantage of the situation, he succeeded in water control for thirteen years.
Today's hydropower people not only want to control water damage, but also turn water into electricity to benefit the society.Since the founding of New China 60 years ago, my country's hydropower construction has created unprecedented miracles.The scale of hydropower development continues to reach new levels, hydropower dam engineering technology has entered the international advanced ranks, and the level of localization of hydropower equipment has been significantly improved. The development of hydropower has brought huge comprehensive benefits to national economic and social development.
At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the national hydropower installed capacity was only 360,000 kilowatts, but by the end of 2008, China's hydropower installed capacity had reached 172 million kilowatts, ranking first in the world.At present, hydropower accounts for 22% of my country's total installed capacity of electric power, accounting for 16% of my country's total power generation, and is second only to thermal power in the proportion of the entire power structure. It occupies an important strategic position in the sustainable development of energy industry.
Under the condition of the planned economy, the innovative hydropower people used the market economy to create a precedent for self-development, self-accumulation, and self-development.This is a new idea put forward by old comrades such as Luo Beibei, former director of the Water Conservancy and Hydropower Planning and Design Institute, to develop Wujiang River. Therefore, with the support of the former Ministry of Energy and the State Planning Commission, my country's first hydropower development company organized by river basin - Wujiang Hydropower Development companies came into being.
Wujiang River is the largest river in Guizhou, known as the mother river of Guizhou Plateau!Wujiang River is the largest tributary on the south bank of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. It originates from the eastern foot of Wumeng Mountain, traverses the central part of Guizhou, exits in the northeast of Guizhou, enters Chongqing City, and flows into the Yangtze River in Fuling City.The total length of the Wujiang River is 1,037 kilometers, of which 802 kilometers are in Guizhou, 72 kilometers are in the boundary between Guizhou and Chongqing, and 163 kilometers are in Chongqing.The total drop of the main stream reaches 2124 meters, and the average runoff reaches 53.4 billion cubic meters, which is close to the flow of the Yellow River. It is a hydropower rich mine with concentrated water energy and one of the twelve largest hydropower bases in my country.
According to the "Wujiang Mainstream Planning Report" approved by the state in 1989, 11 large and medium-sized hydropower stations can be built on the mainstream of the Wujiang River, followed by the Hongjiadu Hydropower Station on the Liuchong River in the north, and the Puding and Yinzidu Hydropower Stations on the Sancha River in the South. Dongfeng, Suofengying, Wujiangdu, Goupitan, Silin, Shatuo, Pengshui, Daxikou and other hydropower stations.Except for Pengshui and Daxikou [which were canceled after the construction of the Three Gorges Power Station], the rest of the power stations are all in Guizhou.
In order to develop hydropower in the Wujiang River, the country draws on the successful experience of international hydropower development and promotes the cascade rolling comprehensive development of hydropower domains. In 1992, with the consent of the State Council and the approval of the former State Planning Commission and the Ministry of Energy, Wujiang Hydropower Development Company, the first river basin hydropower development company in my country, was formally established. In 1999, according to the requirements of establishing a modern enterprise system, it was restructured into Guizhou Wujiang Hydropower Development Co., Ltd. [referred to as "Wujiang Company"], which is a large state-owned enterprise specially established for the comprehensive development of Wujiang River Basin, especially hydropower development.
The Wujiang River Basin includes Guiyang, Zunyi, Bijie, Tongren and other important areas in Guizhou. The proven coal, aluminum, phosphorus, manganese and other mineral resources in the river basin are very rich, and it is an important energy base in the south of the Yangtze River in my country. In 1987, well-known economist Yu Guangyuan, hydropower expert Luo Xibei, and Guizhou Provincial Advisory Commissioner He Renzhong and other old comrades made suggestions to the leaders of the State Council to establish Wujiang Hydropower Development Company after full investigation. In 1998, the State Planning Commission, the Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power, and the Guizhou Provincial People's Government jointly requested the State Council to establish a Wujiang Hydropower Development Company.At the end of the same year, Guizhou Province established the Preparatory Office of Wujiang Hydropower Development Company. In 1990, with the consent of the State Council, the Ministry of Energy and the State Planning Commission jointly approved the Guizhou Provincial People's Government, agreeing to establish the Wujiang Hydropower Development Company, which will be responsible for the development of hydropower resources in 7 cascades of the Wujiang River in Guizhou Province and engage in power production. Initiate horizontal economic joint projects related to hydropower development. In 1992, Wujiang Hydropower Development Company was formally registered and established, under the dual leadership of the Guizhou Provincial People's Government and the Ministry of Energy, with Guizhou Province as the main organization and administrative management, and the Ministry of Energy implementing industry management.According to the requirements of relevant parties, Wujiang Hydropower Development Company has established the development policy of "cascade, basin, rolling and comprehensive".
The seven steps are Hongjiadu Hydropower Station [600,000 kilowatts], Dongfeng Hydropower Station [695,000 kilowatts], Suofengying Hydropower Station [600,000 kilowatts], Wujiangdu Hydropower Station [1.25 million kilowatts], Goupitan Hydropower Station [3 million kilowatts] Kilowatt], Silin Hydropower Station [1 million kilowatts], Shatuo Hydropower Station [1.12 million kilowatts].
In 1999, Wujiang Company was restructured in accordance with the requirements of the modern enterprise system of "clear property rights, clear powers and responsibilities, separation of government and enterprises, and scientific management". Jinmao State-owned Assets Management Co., Ltd. is the property rights representative of Guizhou shareholders].Wujiang Company set up a board of directors and a board of supervisors.The chairman [legal representative] is appointed by the State Power Corporation; the vice chairman and the convener of the board of supervisors are appointed by Guizhou Province; the general manager is nominated and appointed by the board of directors. In December 2002, with the reform and reorganization of the national electric power system, Wujiang Company originally owned 51% of the shares and rights and responsibilities of the State Electric Power Corporation, and the overall transfer was made to China Huadian Corporation, one of the five largest power generation groups in the country.
When the Wujiang Hydropower Development Company was established, the state allocated the completed Wujiangdu Hydropower Station and the Dongfeng Hydropower Station under construction as initial capital.The property rights of Wujiangdu Hydropower Station belong to the central government, while Dongfeng Hydropower Station is a joint venture between the central government and the local government, and the property rights are shared between the central government and the local government.The construction of Wujiangdu Hydropower Station started in 1979, and the three old units were completed from 1979 to 1982. It is the first hydropower station built in the karst area in my country.Dongfeng Hydropower Station started construction in December 1987. The first unit was put into operation on August 31, 1994, the second unit was put into operation in the same year, and the third unit was put into operation on December 25, 1995.
After more than ten years of development, the comprehensive strength of Wujiang Company has been greatly improved, and it has become an important hydropower development enterprise in my country.Especially since 1999, the company has successfully restructured and caught up with the great opportunity of the country's western development and "West-to-East electricity transmission", Wujiang company has entered a period of rapid development. Since 2000, Wujiang Company has successively started construction of Hongjiadu, Wujiangdu Expansion Project, Suofengying, Goupitan, Dongfeng Expansion Project, and started the preliminary work of Silin and Shatuo Projects.
At present, Hongjiadu Power Station, Suofengying Power Station, Wujiangdu Expansion Project and Dongfeng Expansion Project have been completed and put into operation, with newly installed generating capacity of 2.005 million kilowatts.Since then, the installed generating capacity of Wujiang Company has increased from 1.14 million kilowatts at the end of 1999 to 3.145 million kilowatts.Meanwhile, other projects are under development.
According to Wujiang Company's own development plan and project construction progress, the hydropower development of the 7 steps will be fully completed around 2011, while the originally planned development of the 7 steps will take about 30 years to complete. After the development of the seven steps is completed, the installed capacity of power generation of Wujiang Company will reach about 9 million kilowatts, the total assets will reach about 40 billion yuan, and the owner's equity will reach about 10 billion yuan.At that time, it is estimated that the average annual power generation will be about 30.5 billion kwh, which will account for about 25% of the total power generation in Guizhou Province. Based on the 2004 on-grid electricity price and profit level, the sales revenue will be about 6.1 billion yuan [tax included], and the tax profit will be 17 billion.
除了开发乌江干流贵州境内的7个梯级电站以外，乌江公司还参股了乌江干流重庆境内彭水电站【装机容量175万千瓦】，并相对控股和承担了乌江支流清水河几个梯级电站的开发工作。同时，还在炼铝、建材、房地产、航运、制药等领域作了一些尝试性开发或参股，先后建成了30万吨水泥厂和10万吨的遵义铝厂，设有一个房地产开发公司，参股了贵力航运公司、汉方制药公司、贵达公司等十余个企业。目前水泥企业运营良好；遵义铝厂2005年的开工只能达到生产能力的50%左右，主要是氧化铝市场被控制以及电力直供问题无法解决导致成本太高，乌江公司已对遵义铝厂进行股权重组，中国铝业公司控股51%，而乌江公司只参股20%。乌江公司的房地产开发公司目前主要是为满足公司内部需求而进行的一些项目开发。
在乌江干流上的梯级电站组建完成后，全流域的灌溉、航运、旅游等条件也随之改善，惠及沿江30多个县、上千万人口。而大型水库群联合优化调度系统也极大地提高了水能资源的利用率，每年可以增发电量15亿千瓦时，相当于不增加一分钱投资，不淹没一亩土地，不迁移一户人家，便可获得一个装机容量20万千瓦的中型电站的效益。乌江公司董事长张志孝表示：“乌江的滚动开发，实现了资金、人才和管理的滚动，形成了投产一个电站，开工一个电站，再筹备一个电站的良性循环、滚动增值的科学的开发机制。”
2005年，胡锦涛总书记来到乌江索风营建设工地，在听取汇报后，他十分高兴地说：“我在贵州当省委书记时，就考虑整个乌江要综合开发。现在贵州境内八个点都已开发、开工了，到2010年几个点基本开发结束了，但是你们乌江的事业没结束，下一步怎么做，怎么围绕贵州能源优势这篇文章做大做好，这就是你们的下篇了。”
如今，这个水电开发文章的“下篇”完成了。在贵州索风营水电站，清澈的湖泊和电站两岸山坡茂密的植被，吸引了猕猴、藏酋猴在复植的果树间自由栖息，乌江公司董事长张志孝也因此被戏称为“猴王”。乌江流域的荒凉、闭塞、贫困逐渐成为历史，乌江水电开发建设和运营管理形成的“乌江经验”，已成为我国流域梯级开发的一面旗帜。
如今的乌江，不仅是一条水流之江、航运之江，而且更是一条电流之江、能源之江！
一条河的命运与一座城市的命运也许从来没有像现在这样密切过，中国的林城、避暑之都贵阳与贯城而过的南明河便是如此。
贵阳是贵州的省会所在地，南明河穿城而过，河水清丽沉静，川流不息，为城市带来了宁静和诗意。
南明河的命运，和这座城市的命运紧紧连在一起；对南明河命运的倾情关注，将政府的心与市民的心紧紧连在一起。几乎每一个贵阳人都在为自己的母亲河——南明河重获新生而动情、而兴奋。
南明河系长江流域乌江水系清水河的源头河流，发源于贵州省平坝县林卡乡百泥田，全长118公里、流域面积1433平方公里，河道风光秀美，两岸诗情画意，人文历史文化积淀深厚。在老贵阳人的记忆中，人们在南明河中泛舟垂钓、淘米浣衣、游泳嬉戏的情景依然历历在目。南明河不仅养育着贵阳人民，还对贵阳经济、文化、历史的形成和发展产生了巨大影响力，是贵阳人名副其实的母亲河。
然而，随着经济快速发展和人口迅速增长，城市规模不断扩大，市政排污系统相对滞后，加上人为因素污染，沿河两岸特别是市中心城区段各类工业废水和大量生活污水未经处理直接排入南明河，历经多年污染，南明河变成了一条污水河，水质和环境状况不断恶化，市区内河道严重淤塞。这不但对市区的环境质量和城市景观造成了极大损害，严重地影响了市民的正常生活和工作，而且在很大程度上制约了贵阳经济社会的发展，被污染的母亲河成为全市人民的一块心病。人们望河兴叹，人们真切渴盼：哪一天能让母亲河生机重现，哪一天能让母亲河再显风采。
人民的呼声就是第一信号。为官一任，就要造福一方。着眼于提高城市品位、促进经济社会可持续发展，市委、市政府将南明河环境综合整治工程列为“一号工程”、“一把手工程”，并于2000年底向全市人民庄严承诺：举全市之力，使南明河一年一个样，三年内水变清、岸变绿、景变美。这一决策代表了贵阳人民的利益，顺民心、合民意，符合可持续发展的时代潮流，得到了全市上下的广泛认同和支持，市民们亲切地称之为“民心工程”、“德政工程”。
这不但是市委、市政府对今天的承诺，对贵阳人民的承诺；也是对未来的承诺，对子孙后代的承诺！
自上个世纪80年代以来，中国实现了经济持续高速增长，但在这份骄人的成绩后面，同时存在着不容忽视的严峻的环境污染和仍然在扩大的生态赤字，令人不由自主地陷入沉思。从《周易》、到康有为的《大同书》，从《太阳城》、《田园城市》到道萨迪亚斯的城市与区域规划学，人类从来没有停止过对理想生活与住所的积极探索和追求。当传统的城市聚集的自发的生态化方法逐渐转变为早期的生态觉醒，进而转变为生态自觉之后，人类的环境价值观便发生了根本性的转变，深深感到传统发展模式已不能适应今天追求和谐生存与可持续发展的新要求。
正是在这样的背景下，“南明河环境综合整治工程”的决策者在树立和落实科学发展观与正确政绩观上，显现了可贵的自审意识和前瞻意识。
从根本上解决几十年来造成的南明河污染问题，是一项艰苦卓绝的工作。近20年来，市委、市政府前前后后不知组织过多少次清淤、多少次整治。为了给南明河清淤，年轻的武警战士李学章甚至献出了宝贵的生命！
经专家论证，科学规划，为“三年变清南明河工程”的实施奠定了扎实基础。2001年春天，包括上游生态建设工程、水利设施建设工程、污水处理建设工程、南明河花溪段十里河滩整治工程、污水收集系统建设工程、河道疏浚工程、沿河企业达标排放工程、沿河景观建设工程等八大工程，涉及水利、环保、市政、园林、交通、旅游等44个子项目的南明河环境综合整治工程全面启动。
就像岁月给南明河沉积了太多的淤泥一样，历史，也为南明河环境综合整治工程留下了许许多多的困难和问题。要如期实现“三年三变”的目标，贵阳人民必须同心同德、全力以赴打一场攻坚战。
为了我们的母亲河长治久清，许许多多的市民踊跃献计献策。有的说，要实现南明河长治久清，需要政府主导，市民、社团参与，全社会关注。有的说，要与时俱进，积极探索和建立市场化运作和社会化管理的新机制。有的说，完善法制环境，营造良好的社会环境和舆论环境，全民动员，社会各界共同努力。有的说，实现南明河长治久清，人人有责，每一个贵阳人都要从我做起，从现在做起。所有这些，体现了广大市民对南明河综合整治工程的关注与拥护。市民们的心，与党委、政府的心息息相通。
在实施三年变清南明河综合整治工程的进程中，那些依附着重大历史事件和古老文化神韵的文物古迹，得到了从未有过的尊重与保护。以民俗风情、民俗文化和历史文化为主题的人文景观走廊建设，突出表现了贵阳历史悠久、山川秀丽、民族团结、社会进步的文化氛围，既开发了新的景区景点，又保存了贵阳特有的面貌。南明河流域内的古建筑、文物、古树、环境受到充分重视、保护和管理；贵阳大剧院、图书馆等一批文化设施的建成，形成了既融合功能需求又汇集人文要素的新景观，城市文化品位不断提升。阳明路花鸟市场搬迁后，正规划建设黔明广场，使黔明寺这一文物古迹更加醒目地凸现在繁华的市中心。“江河畅，民心顺；河水清，市运兴。”人们如是说。
历史的脚步总是不断超越自已去书写新的辉煌。南明河沿岸的环境绿化和景观建设工程，就是这辉煌里最耀眼的一抹。本着“以人为本”的理念，因地制宜，因势造景，打造了一批公共休闲空间和绿化广场；在截污沟建设的同时，进行了绿化、植树、硬质铺地、喷泉、灯光等环境建设，形成了风格各异的“八景连珠”绿化工程和以甲秀楼为标志的16公里的亮丽景观长廊；在一中桥至南明桥河段，塑造了“民族风情”、“秀丽山川”等五组大型浮雕。
走过三年的艰辛历程，走过1000多个挥汗如雨的日子，今天，“三年变清南明河”的蓝图终于变为了现实，成为名副其实的可持续发展的生态工程、提高城市品位的环境工程、促进经济社会发展的带动工程、以人为本的民心工程和体现正确政绩观的德政工程，触手可及，赏心悦目。在市委宣传部、贵阳日报社日前举办的“三年变清南明河工程”市民座谈会上，来自社会各界的市民代表汇聚一堂，用深情的话语畅谈母亲河的沧桑巨变，喜悦之情，溢于言表。他们之中有年过古稀的老人，有天真烂漫的小学生，其情其景，令人动容。
南明河的成功整治，成为城市生态环境保护的范例，给贵阳市经济社会发展和环境改善带来了深远的影响，为全市的可持续发展奠定了坚实基础。原全国人大常委会副委员长田纪云、建设部部长汪光焘、副部长仇保兴和国家环保总局副局长王玉庆等先后到贵阳实地视察南明河整治工程，给予了充分肯定和高度评价，认为是“切合贵阳特色，以人为本，打造精品林城的重要举措”，具有一定的推广价值。新华社、人民日报等中央媒体多次报道南明河的治理情况。
三年变清南明河，这项前所未有的生态工程、环境工程、带动工程、民心工程、德政工程，获得了社会各界的肯定和赞誉。贵州省环境科学研究院近日公布的《贵阳市南明河环境综合整治工程环境影响后评价报告书》就很能够说明问题。这份涉及1000余人、200余个单位团体的大型调查报告显示，86.57%的团体和69.38%的个人表示了解南明河综合整治工程，公众对该工程的实施表示充分赞成，对工程的完成情况表示满意。省政协人口资源环境委员会在对南明河综合整治工程进行视察后，向省委、省政府提交了视察报告，报告充分肯定了整治工程取得的成效，认为这项工程暖民心、顺民意。
瞬间惊初见，已改旧时容。昔日沿河两岸窄小的路面，驳杂老旧的棚户区，像打了死结遮人望眼的违章建筑……代之以宽敞、高远、通达与流畅的风采。最喜滨河帆影广场、瑞花广场、人民广场、甲秀广场、大十字广场等绿化广场连缀其间，如长练上的明珠、湍流里的安澜，在繁忙、喧嚣、急迫的市容中平添着从容、宁静与平和。在那里，喷泉、花地、老树，来自深山荒谷的顽石，高高的棕榈，吐芳的月桂，古朴精巧的雕塑，入夜隐藏在灯光里的音乐，卵石铺地神秘如梦的曲径小路……无不透射着一个当今商品经济时代最富崇高意义的主题：人是城市的主宰，文化是城市的灵魂。城市的管理者自觉地把城市建设同人的生存与审美需求、人文关怀紧密结合起来，这样的城市建设才是最有生气和最富人性化的，真正实现了城市建设以人为本的最高目的——对人的尊重与关爱。
放眼今日贵阳，城市变得越来越亮丽，环境越来越美，也越来越富有灵性和生气。而这一系列巨大的变化，与“南明河环境综合整治工程”实施三年来所取得的重大阶段性成果有着密切联系，与走可持续发展道路的理念密不可分。这种理念叫做“环境立市”。
高品位的城市文明不仅是对未曾有过的生活的开掘，还有对历史的尊重与珍爱。在今天的亮丽风景中，也穿行着历史之美。南明河两岸风光带的景观建设，十分注重文化的含量和艺术的升华。从每一个局部去锻造城市的美，力求把人文胜迹同水光山色的自然景观融汇一体，使之相得益彰，浑然天成。贵阳的城市建设由此走上了高品位发展的快车道。
如今你漫步南明河边，看着日益变清的河水，嗅着沿岸花木的幽香，呼吸着清新的河风，使人们不由感受到了中国传统的“天人和谐”思想与当今“科学发展观”、“生态立省”、“环境立市”理念的水乳交融。这种追求“人类与自然共存”的生存大智慧，仿佛是从中华民族的母亲河——长江、黄河的源头流来，从贵阳人民的母亲河南明河的源头流来，年年岁岁，岁岁年年，启示着人们，直达人们灵魂的深处……
在美的召唤下，“森林之城、休闲胜地”真正实至名归了。
有人说，贵阳旅游是“冬天卖绿色，夏天卖凉爽”。当“北国风光，千里冰封，万里雪飘”的时节，位于中国西部的贵阳依然一派郁郁葱葱，绿意盎然；当全国乃至世界许多地区和城市难敌高温“烤炼”的时候，成千上万来筑旅游避暑的外地人却感到“真凉快！”仿佛这座城市的整部历史就隐藏在绿色与凉爽的氛围里，使人想起那过去的时光，想起深深沉积在这片美丽土地上的永不衰老的故事，想起先人们与今人们的劳作、拼搏和奉献。
而这在今天比金子还珍贵的绿色与凉爽，除了得天独厚的地理环境和自然优势之外，与市委、市政府坚定不移实施“环境立市”战略，强力推进三年变清南明河综合整治工程、一环林带保护和二环林带建设工程、老城区绿化美化工程等一系列优化城市生态环境的系统工程密不可分。
岸绿景美，河水变清，鱼虾回游，南明河畔成了市民休闲娱乐的好去处，沿河两岸休闲观光的人流如织。市直机关退休干部杨老伯告诉记者，他每天上午、中午、下午都要到南明河边散散步，感到心情舒畅、精神爽朗。在一中桥和甲秀楼一带，聚集着三五成群的垂钓者，成为市中心区的一道独特风景。
一位世居在南明河畔的72岁的老人，把南明河几十年来的变化写成了三首歌词，用贵阳民间小调配曲并自己演唱和录音。在他那苍老的嗓音吟唱出的歌声里，流淌着—个普通市民对绿色家园的质朴的情感，蕴藏着对母亲河的眷恋和对未来的憧憬。在我市举行的公开征集“歌唱母亲河”新创歌词活动中，不仅得到了广大市民的积极支持，还吸引了省内各地、州、市的作者踊跃参与。他们之中既有专业词作者，也有业余作者，既有工人、农民、干部、学生