Chapter 30 Chapter 29: The Story of the Jialing River

The Jialing River is almost the only river that can be identified to have two sources and flow thousands of miles in cursive script.Standing at the wharf of Chaotianmen in Chongqing, looking at it, a mighty pulse flows from left to right, with the last and most lyrical stroke as her most graceful closing gesture, inserted into the belly of the Yangtze River.This is a long scroll of humanities, a long-distance journey of spirit, passing through Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, and Chongqing provinces and one city, with turbulent waves and storms all the way, and the last pen is the memory of my life, it is the memory of my life. mine forever.

My first cry was the sound of the waves of the Jialing River.One kilometer before the Jialing River flows into the Yangtze River, the river is calm and gentle, with occasional rapids and dangerous shoals, which cannot change the graceful and mysterious nature she has cultivated all year round.There is a factory on the shore with a very famous name. It is called Chang'an. A factory can actually have the same name as the imperial capital of the Tang Dynasty.The predecessor of Chang'an was the 21st Arsenal of the Kuomintang. The new China changed its name to the state-owned Chang'an Machinery Factory, and now it has changed its name to Chang'an Group Corporation.It is well-known among large state-owned enterprises.My father and mother were industrial workers here, and I was born in a dormitory for workers in this factory.The dormitory is located on the slope next to the Jialing River.Remember when I was little I asked my mother, where am I from?My mother pointed out the window and replied that I was fished out of the Jialing River.For this answer, even though I knew the whole story when I grew up, I still think my mother gave me the correct answer.Because this river nurtured this factory, and this river nurtured me, I thought I was a life in this river, a pen.

So I often imagine everything in the upstream, middle and downstream at the end of the Jialing River, about origin and change, about reproduction and ecology, about life and creation. Not all rivers have a single source.The Jialing River originates from the Qinling Mountains and Minshan Mountains, its east originates from Dongyugou on the south side of Dawang Mountain in the northwest of Fengxian County, Shaanxi Province, and its west originates from Nanping Nanchuan River in Tianshui City, Gansu Province.Although Dongyuan and Xiyuan have a lot of evidence in history, they insisted on their own opinions and believed that they were the right source, but Jialingjiang did not speak, but accepted the water veins of the east and west with her original tolerance. This is exactly Jialingjiang's extraordinary mind and Quality is also the true meaning of life given to human beings by this great river.

Jialing River comes from the phrase "Han River enters Jialing Road in the south again and becomes Jialing Water" in "Shui Jing · Yangshui Zhu". Although the name of Jialing River appeared in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, it did not become popular.The Jialing River was gradually known because of the intersecting of the West Han River and the Jialing River in the "Yuanhe County Maps" of the Tang Dynasty.Until Song "Taiping Huanyu Ji" clearly used the name of Jialing River, although it still refers to the source of the Western Han River, the later literature records have been followed down to this day.

After the confluence of the two sources of the Jialing River, it goes south all the way through Yangpingguan, enters Sichuan from Datan Township, Guangyuan, and Nabailong River in Zhaohua, Guangyuan, and then goes south through Cangxi, Langzhong, Peng'an, Nanchong, and Wusheng. It successively converges into the Qujiang River, a tributary on the left bank, and the Fujiang River, a tributary on the right bank, and continues to the south, roaring to Chongqing to join the Yangtze River.The main stream of the Jialing River is 1,100 kilometers long and covers an area of ​​160,000 square kilometers, making it one of the most important water systems in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.The main trunk of the Jialing River is obvious, and its branches are clear, which is called a typical branched water system.Above Zhaohua in Guangyuan is the upper reaches of the river, passing through the Qinling Mountains and Micang Mountains, with deep valleys and steep slopes; the middle reaches of the river from Zhaohua to Hechuan cut into the Sichuan Basin, with well-developed meanders and open river surfaces; Hechuan The lower part of the river to Chaotianmen is the downstream section, and a new canyon is formed where it passes through the parallel canyon area. There are Libi, Wentang and Guanyin "small three gorges" formed, with beaches and tuo alternately.

From this context, we can clearly see that the Jialing River runs through the vast mountains at the junction of Shaanxi and Gansu. Fengxian, Huixian, and Lueyang in the hinterland of the Qinling Mountains, and then enter Guangyuan, Zhaohua, Cangxi, and Langzhong, and then travel through the south, Peng'an, Wusheng, Hechuan and other hills and basins, and then join the Yangtze River in Chongqing.The geese leave a sound, and the water leaves a mark.Along the way, the Jialing River has brought red to green on both sides, nourishing the green states and basins, nurturing famous cities and folk customs.

The Qinling Mountains are the dividing line between the northern and southern climates in China, and also the watershed of the Yangtze River and Yellow River systems.Taking inventory all the way from the Jialing River, it can be described as a dazzling array of pearls and pearls. The source of the Jialing River is located in the Jialing Valley on the top of the Qinling Mountains, with steep peaks, dense forests, clear water and charming scenery.Qinv Peak is green and beautiful, Jigong Stone and Feilai Stone are vivid, Feiyun Waterfall and Heilongtan are majestic, and the first waterfall of Jialing River is like a brocade in the sky, gorgeous and unsurpassed.Here, almost every place is a natural landscape made by nature, because the moisture of the water is so beautiful.There are also a large number of cultural relics preserved intact, such as the Jianchaping when Liu Bang, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, entered the customs, the Dianjiangtai where Zhuge Liang went north to attack Wei, and the ancient battlefield where the Wu Jie brothers fought against the Jin soldiers in the Song Dynasty, Daiwangling, etc., every relic You can find the tranquility and gunpowder of the old days there, allowing you to stay in the past that you have never met.

Traveling to Zhaohua, Guangyuan, the Jialing River converges with the Bailong River that flows down from the edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, becoming a mighty river.This is the only ancient city with the best preservation in China so far, known as "the first county of Bashu and the second capital of Shu" in the Three Kingdoms.The ancient city is located at the confluence of the Bailong River, Jialing River and Qingjiang River. The Jialing River flows here, with the charm of the water system and the natural Tai Chi. It has the reputation of "the world's first landscape and Tai Chi" natural wonder.The ancient city is surrounded by mountains on all sides and facing water on three sides. The Bailong River and Jialing River meet here, forming a natural landscape Tai Chi map with a diameter of about 5 kilometers and an area of ​​about 20 square kilometers.No wonder someone left a message for Zhaohua: Appreciate the natural wonders of Taiji, the world's best landscape, and experience the subtlety of the unity of nature and man.In the midsummer of this year, I had the opportunity to visit Zhaohua, and I couldn’t help laughing when I saw a couplet on an inn. The first couplet reads “a lot of old Shaanxi people live in the day”, and the second couplet reads “a lot of Qin people stay overnight”.It borders Shaanxi, and people from Sichuan and Shaanxi provinces are as close as visiting relatives.This is the Jialing River. The drama of "water flow and sand dam" hidden in this couplet does not make people feel hostile. Even if people from Shaanxi came to see it, they just smiled knowingly and praised: "Well written." Especially because of the Jialing River The nourishment of Yishan is located in the northwest of the ancient city. The shape of the mountain is steep in the north and gentle in the south. The mountain is unique and beautiful. Hunting wolves on the battlefield, experiencing the tragedy of "the rolling Yangtze River flows eastward, and the waves wipe out the heroes".

The Jialing River enters Cangxi almost silently. The surface of the river looks calm, but the undercurrent is turbulent.This is the Jialing River, which runs all the way and does not make much publicity. Du Fu in the Tang Dynasty saw off guests here, and wrote "Send off guests to Cangxi and release the boat back to Lang", leaving behind the famous sentence "the river flows freely, sit firmly and enjoy leisurely". Lu You also recorded in his nostalgic poems the affection of "remembering Cangxi County the most, seeing off guests with a green pavilion".It's a pity that the two great poets didn't appreciate the arrogance under the tranquility of the Jialing River. On March 28, 1935, the Red Army of Chinese Workers and Peasants created an unprecedented miracle in the history of war here.According to the instructions of the Central Committee, the Fourth Red Front Army abandoned the painstakingly managed Sichuan-Shaanxi Revolutionary Base Area and organized all forces, including more than 80,000 regular troops, plus 100,000 people from the party and government agencies in the base area to cross the Jialing River westward.At this moment, the Jialing River is surging, and the Fourth Red Army is like an autumn wind sweeping away fallen leaves. After conquering nine county towns, it continues to advance westward, and finally occupies Beichuan, Wenchuan, Songpan, Maogong and other places, completely shielding the right wing and front of the Central Red Army's northward route. , Successfully supported the northward movement of the Central Red Army.As one of the top ten battles of the Red Army's Long March, the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army forcibly crossed the Jialing River, and its name will last forever.The "Red Army Ferry" on the bank of the Jialing River that flows through Cangxi County is there to listen to the sound of the waves all night long. After that, it ran into the West Wudang Mountain, which was trying to block it, turned right 90 degrees, flowed past the foot of Tazi Mountain, turned into a noisy shoal, and then rushed to Langzhong, 20 kilometers away, without hesitation.

The Jialing River, which plunges into Langzhong, almost circles around this thousand-year-old city. This circle makes the three sides of Langzhong moist and nourished by water.Therefore, Qiao Zhou of the Shu Han Dynasty said in "Ba Ji": "The Langshui River is tortuous and passes through the county on three sides, so it is called Langzhong." It’s called Langzhong.” Surrounded by water on three sides and mountains on four sides, Langzhong naturally forms a typical auspicious place of Fengshui.The Jialing River flowing through Langzhong is like a giant dragon winding around and guarding the city, and the ancient city just sits on the dragon's back.Looking from the top, the entire Langzhong city is hidden in the mystery of the traditional geomantic omen of Zuo Qinglong, Right Baihu, Front Suzaku, and Back Xuanwu.Moreover, this is another Tai Chi landscape map after Zhaohua in the upper reaches of the Jialing River. No wonder Langzhong is known as "the first mountain and river of the Jialing River".Water is spiritual. The spirituality of the Jialing River first appeared at the entrance of the ancient city of Langzhong, where there was a champion archway, because this small place unexpectedly produced 4 champions and 116 Jinshi.The North Sichuan Dao Gongyuan, one of the only two remaining tribute courtyards in my country, is well preserved here. The courtyard is full of ancient flavors, with well-connected corridors and well-organized pavilions. It is as famous as the Confucius Temple in Nanjing, another tribute courtyard.In this courtyard, the Jiawu, Dingyou, and Gengzi exams were held during the Shunzhi period of the Qing Dynasty.Times have changed, but it is conceivable that there is no more wonderful thing to regard the sound of Jialing River as the sound of reading.If this is the manifestation of the Jialing River’s cultural context, then the people of Langzhong once salvaged a stone tablet from the Jialing River. On it, there is "General of the Han Dynasty flying and leading thousands of people to defeat the thieves. The first Zhang He was in Bameng, and he immediately inscribed it." This is the martial arts of the Jialing River. .It is said that it is the authentic calligraphy of Zhang Fei, especially that he was able to write the very popular "Han Ba ​​Fen" official script with Zhang Ba Snake Spear.Although I haven't witnessed it with my own eyes, I am willing to believe that only this brother has such a spirit.On a whim, I am here to revise the popular Internet language after the "Quick Girl" a few days ago: "Brother is a brother, and a brother is not a legend." There are densely packed boats lit with oil lamps, gradually converging towards the river, forming a landscape of river breeze and fishing fire.The scenes on the shore and in the water blend together, and everyone can watch and participate in the duet of love songs here, or take a cruise ship and walk into some delightful details with the princes and princesses of love songs.The lights of thousands of houses, the scenery on the water, the lingering lingering scene of "the love song of the river wind, fishing fire and fire" lingers on the river for a long time and unfolds slowly.

This kind of lingering stretches until Nanchong begins to rise, rising into a sky full of fog, and the entanglement of this fog and fog gradually turns into a blurred silk here.Qianli Jialingjiang hugged Nanchong tightly with her best figure and most energetic dance.The Jialing River, which flows through seven counties [cities] and districts in Nanchong, has a length of 298 kilometers.It can be said that this is the most gorgeous silk ribbon on the Jialing River, and each swirl is a knot, connecting countless scattered pearls in this land. Nanchong, which has a history of 2,200 years, has been the seat of the capital, prefecture, government, road, road, and department since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.It is uniquely endowed with "connecting Shudu in the west, Hubei and Chu in the east, Sanqin in the north, and Chongqing in the south", just like the Jialing River flowing through here.Lianghetang, Peng'anlixi Town, Nanchong, northeast of today's Nanchong City, is the birthplace of Sima Xiangru, a great Fu writer.Sima Xiangru and his wife Zhuo Wenjun returned to Lianghetang for many years after being falsely accused of paying homage to Zhonglang as an envoy to "Southwest Yi" back to Beijing.Later, because Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty recalled Sima Xiangru as "Lang", he left his hometown again.On the banks of the Jialing River, Sima Xiangru and Zhuo Wenjun played the piano and chanted the Qintai, the Sima Changqing Temple, and the ink-washing pool.Perhaps Jialingjiang should come out to testify: a "Three Kingdoms" that influenced China was written by Chen Shou, a famous historian from Nanchong in the Western Jin Dynasty, making his hometown Nanchong the birthplace of the Three Kingdoms culture. "A book ["Three Kingdoms"], a person [Chen Shou], and a building [Wan Juan Building, Chen Shou's Reading Building]" is the core of the Three Kingdoms culture. The root of the Three Kingdoms fans.I have read a media report saying that at the premiere of the movie "Red Cliff" in Chengdu last year, a reporter asked director John Woo if he knew about Nanchong and Chen Shou, and Director Wu responded with an embarrassed smile.Maybe we shouldn't be too lingering on Wu Yusen's bewilderment, but seeing Nanchong's name card of the Three Kingdoms culture, it seems that it should be spread farther and wider.I believe that the culture of the Three Kingdoms here is not the most lively, but I believe that it may become the most precious behind the lively.Fortunately than the ancient Chen Shou, the older generation of proletarian revolutionaries Zhu De and Luo Ruiqing who also came out of this land, the democratic revolutionist Mr. Zhang Lan, and the revolutionary fighter who burned charcoal in Yan'an cave dwellings that Comrade Mao Zedong wrote in his famous article Zhang Side, they have far surpassed Chen Shou's influence. Green plum cooking wine has become a conclusion, but silk brocade is difficult to measure.Nanchong silk, which originated in ancient times, has now become a dazzling jewel shining on the Jialing River.As far back as the Xia and Zhou dynasties, Nanchong silk has been flourishing. According to the "Huayang Guozhi", at the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, mulberry, silkworm, and hemp had become tributes to the emperor of Zhou in Nanchong, Xichong, Nanbu, Langzhong and other places.During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the silk industry had become the pillar of Nanchong's social economy.Extended to the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui Dynasty, all counties in Nanchong implemented the land equalization system, and each person gave 20 mu of Yongye land as a mulberry field, and planted 50 mulberry trees.During the 650 years of Tang and Song Dynasties, it was the heyday.Each county is divided into hundreds of households, and the villages are set up to plant agricultural and mulberry. For a while, every family raises silkworms and every household reeling silk.During the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, more than 10 products including silk, damask, cotton, silk, and silk in Nanchong were designated as regular tributes to the imperial court.In the thousands of years of ancient history, Nanchong silk experienced a tortuous process that originated in ancient times, rose in Qin and Han Dynasties, wandered in Jin and Sui Dynasties, flourished in Tang and Song Dynasties, stagnated in Yuan Dynasty, and flourished in Ming and Qing Dynasties.In the late Qing Dynasty, Gao Peigu, the magistrate of Xichong County, wrote "Preparations for Silkworms", which is not only a culmination of thousands of years of silk production, but also an engraving of the development level of silk production technology in Nanchong.As I write this, I think of a popular ballad in Nanchang: "The Jialing River is surrounded by the mountains and the city, and the hometown. Looking back, it is still the Jialing River." As far as art is concerned, this ballad is not well written. Very good, but there is no doubt that it sings that after all, this river gave birth to this millennium silk capital with a history of more than 2,200 years.To tell you the truth, I now use natural silk quilts produced in Nanchong on my bed. A friend in Nanchong specially sent it over and told me that it is a good product, so I must enjoy it by myself.I am enjoying it beautifully, and even feel that no matter where you are, as long as you cover this quilt, you can clearly hear the sound of the waves of the Jialing River, and the soft and delicate texture clings to your body, your Every dream will be sweet. After Jialingjiang left Nanchong, he felt reluctant to leave Nanchong step by step, and his passion seemed to be rekindled until he entered Wusheng.This passion stems from the dragon boat race that has been popular here since ancient times.Wusheng is surrounded by water on three sides, and the 117-kilometer waterway that flows through Wusheng has been busy since March every year. The shore and water are carefully preparing for the dragon boat race in May.It is impossible to verify the distance, but the scenes of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China are so vividly preserved in the memory of the old people.At that time, the dragon boat race was initiated by the guild, and the dragon boats were assigned to the wharf, and the branch would handle it in detail.In the old county town center and Yankou town, each industry had its own guilds.Every time the guild's ancestor's birthday or major festivals, there will be a dinner party, and this cup, plate and bowl is the best place to discuss public welfare matters.The Dragon Boat Festival Dragon Boat Race is a routine event of these guilds. Every March, the guilds, businesses and rich families participating in the dragon boat race choose an auspicious day to gather in front of the shops of the guild and hang the dragon flag.On the flag, a certain guild, a firm, a certain family, a certain dragon boat, a certain responsible person, etc., set off firecrackers, and officially announced their participation in this year's dragon boat race.This ceremonial activity is called flag-hanging.It is very interesting that every year some guilds are hesitant to participate in the true and false.Some really think that the economic situation this year is not good and plan to give up, and some deliberately push it halfway to test the spirit of progress of the young people in the guild at this time.No matter what the considerations are, the young people in those guilds will step forward and carefully plan a way to steal the flag without telling the leader.Although it is said to be stealing, it is actually in collusion with the custodian of the dragon flag, or the custodian leaves home with an excuse, or steals it secretly in other ways. Declare that stealing the flag is complete.Once the dragon flag is hung out, it is declared that the bank will participate in this year's dragon boat race, and no one can object any more, even the leader, whether it is true or not, has to agree, otherwise the next term will not be guaranteed.There is also a steal, stealing the most important part of the dragon boat is the dragon spine.This thing requires high woodiness and is six feet long. It is best to use straight and light yew tree poles.The dragon spine is placed in the middle of the dragon boat, which divides the dragon boat into two equal parts, and plays the role of fixing the dragon head and tail.Such long logs are generally expensive and costly, and the time is short, the shortest way is to steal the masts of the ships moored in Wusheng on the Jialing River.In this season, this custom has been passed down. Even if the mast of a passing ship is stolen, it is not allowed to ask for it, but to celebrate together.Therefore, all ships have tried their best to protect the masts on their own ships since March, so as not to become the backbone of other people's dragon ships.A merchant ship from other places once docked at the wharf of Yankou Town, Wusheng.Knowing this rule, the ship owner carefully told the sailors to tie up the mast, and divided the sailors into two shifts to take care of them.At noon the next day, under the scorching sun, two hawkers selling cigarettes, melon seeds, and boiled water with fried rice sugar came ashore. Talking all over the world with the sailor God.At this time, a man under the cover of a fishing boat in the river approached the merchant ship, and within ten minutes, he successfully got the mast.And immediately after landing, the blood of the red rooster was sacrificed to the dragon vertebrae, and the firecrackers sounded, announcing the victory of stealing the dragon vertebrae.The owner of the boat was not angry when he found out, and he came here to celebrate. He said that the more you steal the dragon tendon, the more prosperous you will be; the more you steal the dragon's spine, the more auspicious you will be. This is just a warm-up for the Jialing River Wusheng Dragon Boat Race.At the end of April, dragons are invited into the water, setting off the first climax of the dragon boat race.People and horses from all walks of life participating in the dragon boat race set up dragon boat sheds by the river, and on an auspicious day, sailors from all walks of life gather to pay homage at the Wangye Temple, and ask the dragon heads and tails to come out of the temple and take their seats in their respective dragon sheds.On the road along the road, gongs and drums are beaten in front, and eight people in the middle of the sedan chair carry the dragon head and tail, and firecrackers are set off behind.Entering the dragon shed, the dragon's head and tail are in their respective positions, the rooster is slaughtered, the cannon is fired, the Taoist consecrates the dragon's head, offers incense candles, fruits, magic lamps, and solemnly pays homage.The dragon boat is launched, and after three laps on the river, the boss who raised the most funds and contributed the most will be the prize winner and board his own dragon boat to show his commendation.Then, the heads of all gangs and guilds gather at the pier, waiting for the dragon boat to be launched, to hang red on the dragon head, give out betrothal gifts, and set off firecrackers.When the sailors go ashore, they will hold a banquet for the first time, and each will be given three feet of red cloth. On the fifth day of May, the day of the dragon boat race, the Jialing River boils.People from dozens of miles around rushed to the banks of the Jialing River to choose the best location to watch. The crowds were deafening.The 40-mile section from Yankou Town to Zhongxin Town has always been the most passionate choice for dragon boat racing.During the dragon boat race, besides the racing dragon boats, there are also flower boats on the river, which are also called colorful boats.The flower boat is based on one's own strength, one guild can have one color boat, or several guilds can form one color boat together.There are all kinds of flower boats, colorful flags hunting, colorful flowers, and four tours around the river.Generally speaking, there are more colorful boats on the river than dragon boats, and wandering on the river becomes a great sight.The most important event of the dragon boat race is rowing competition. Whoever's dragon boat reaches the finish line first is the winner.During the whole competition, you competed to catch up with each other.During the competition, there are balloons and ducks on the surface of the river for the sailors to snatch. On the one hand, there must be speed.So the neatly arranged dragon boats heard an order, the sprint of speed, the scrambling of balloons, the flopping of ducks, and the stimulation wave after wave made the whole competition full of screams, which were endless.It is really a miracle that such a scene has been preserved in Wusheng since ancient times.Even though the current sponsor has undergone qualitative changes, or has added a lot of modern and fashionable elements every year, the program remains the same and the boiling point remains the same. "Longqin Qingxi flows into Jialing, and thousands of miles of customs are full of charm."I believe that even after a thousand years on the long Jialing River, the 117-kilometer Wusheng section is still a magnificent chapter. The Wusheng section of the Jialing River runs through the Hechuan section of the Jialing River. Interestingly, because of the world-famous battle of Diaoyu City in the Southern Song Dynasty, Wusheng and Hechuan became an eternal emotional confrontation and distant look.In the history of cold weapon warfare in the thirteenth century, the Mongolian army was a crazy army that shocked the world. It marched three times to the west, and its iron cavalry swept across more than 40 countries in Central Asia, West Asia, and Europe, and established a war across Eurasia. Great Mongol Empire.The Pope of Rome once exclaimed that this is "God's punishment whip", which is so powerful that no force can stop it wherever it goes.In the Chinese battlefield, Meng Ge, who was the Great Khan at that time, after conquering most of the counties in Northwest Sichuan, personally led his army to Wusheng, dispatched troops, hoarded grain and grass, and took Wusheng as his last fortress to attack the Southern Song Dynasty—fishing The frontier of the city has become an important military position.General Song of the Sichuan War Zone and Yu Jie, the prefect of Chongqing, put forward the frontier of the defense focus, adopted defensive points to control the surface, and established defensive measures centered on Chongqing and with Diaoyu City as the shield and pillar. Wu Sheng, who used Diaoyu City as the last line of defense against the Mongolian army in the Southern Song Dynasty. Diaoyu City stands along the Jialing River, with steep and unique mountains, natural moats at the foot of the mountain, layers of barriers on the mountain, and piles of pebbles.In the late Southern Song Dynasty, Yu Jie, the prefect of Chongqing, Sichuan, adopted the suggestion of Ran Jin and Ran Pu brothers to build Diaoyu Mountain, and moved to Hezhou and Shizhao County to rule it.From 1243 to 1279 A.D., under the leadership of guard generals Wang Jian and Zhang Jue, the soldiers and civilians of Hezhou [Hechuan], relying on the natural danger of Diaoyu City and the defense of Yingcheng, fought bloody battles. After more than 200 battles, they created a 36 This is a rare miracle in the history of Chinese and foreign wars in ancient and modern times.According to historical records, on February 2, the first year of Song Kaiqing [1259], Mengge Khan led his troops across the Qujiang River from Jizhutan and entered Shizishan to camp. On the 3rd, Meng Ge personally supervised the army and began to fight at the foot of Diaoyu City. On the 7th, the Mongolian army attacked Yizi City Wall, but failed. On the 9th, the Mongolian army attacked Ximen, but failed.For more than a month, the Mongolian army attacked Diaoyu City and its surrounding camps continuously, but they were repeatedly defeated. In April, the Mongolian army detoured to the northwest to attack the outer city. Although they once reached the top of the city, they were still repelled immediately.The morale of the Mongolian army was obviously low due to repeated attacks and the arrival of summer.On the other hand, under the leadership of Wang Jian, the soldiers and civilians of the Southern Song Dynasty in the city resisted the Mongolian army's attack during the day and attacked the Mongolian army's camp at night. The Mongolian army had nothing to do. In July, Great Khan Mengge was hit by a cannon stone while the governor was attacking the city, and died of serious injuries.At this point, the Mongolian army conquering Shu collapsed across the board, forcing the Mongolian Empire to withdraw its troops from the Eurasian battlefield.The Battle of Diaoyucheng shocked the world with its great achievements of "continuing Song Zuo, alleviating the war disasters in Europe and Asia, and preventing Mongolia from expanding to Africa".Regarding this classic battle on the Jialing River, the reason why I am unwilling to write in Wu Sheng's writings is that they used to be the frontier and important military base of the Mongolian army that they were proud of. The incomparable cruelty and arrogance of the great empire.I once wrote about this war in my long poem "Chongqing Book": "The Mongolian iron cavalry that tore through the territory of the Southern Song Dynasty / Here, it came to an abrupt end / The 100,000 army tents that were full of smoke and dust all the way collapsed / Yuan Xianzong Mengge's last A mouthful of blood/Under the fishing city/Gradually turning black//The black soaks the stones here/The stones start to become cold and hard/Indestructible/The black soaks the land here/The land becomes fertile and soft/Chopsticks can germinate/ /Yu Jie, the magistrate of Chongqing sitting firmly on the fishing city/Playing some firecrackers and fishing rods/Supporting a wall of mountains and rivers/God broke the whip here/The broken boat of the Southern Song Dynasty/Because of the fishing city, it was spared from running aground//The fishing city is known as "" The city of Mecca in the east "/It will be in the future/Meng Ge doesn't know, neither does Yu Jie/That attack and defense became a battle example in world history/Become a classic/It's just that the monument is too small/It can't record the weight here." I was thinking, maybe only the silent Jialing River knows its weight. Hechuan has entered the lower reaches of the Jialing River.Here, the Jialing River accepts the two largest tributary streams, the Qu River and the Fujiang River.As far back as the early Western Zhou Dynasty in the 11th century BC, this is where the Ba people settled.At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Chu invaded, and the State of Ba once moved its capital here, so Hechuan is called the other capital of the State of Ba.Afterwards, Pu people recuperated here, and the names of Puyan, Puhu, and Puzi Tomb have been handed down to this day.Dianjiang County was placed after Qin Mieba and Shu, and Dongdangqu County was changed to Dongdangqu County during the Southern Song Dynasty.In the third year of Emperor Gong of the Western Wei Dynasty [556], it was changed to a state, and it was named Hezhou because of the confluence of the three rivers.In the second year of the Republic of China [1913], it was changed to Hechuan County.After the founding of New China, Hechuan City was established in 1952 and changed to a county in 1958.The old city of Hechuan was formed at the confluence of Fujiang River and Jialing River.Along the two rivers, there are long piers, where hundreds of barges and wooden boats are docked.The dense inns near the pier, without exception, hang red lanterns on the door.The street running north-south along the Jialing River is the longest, more than two kilometers long, and the market stretches for more than one kilometer along the Fujiang River.There are twenty or thirty streets and more than one hundred alleys in the city.Now Hechuan is already a modern medium-sized city with considerable scale.It can be said that after the Battle of Diaoyu City in the Southern Song Dynasty, it became quiet here. The folk customs are simple and elegant, and the people live in a particularly peaceful and comfortable life.Even now, I am afraid that the most wonderful thing is to invite a few friends to board a small fisherman's boat on a summer night by the Jialing River. Let the owner of the boat make it for you with his own hands. Serve a few delicacies, between the cups, take a few deep breaths against the river wind with a little bit of drunkenness, that's the word "cool". The Jialing River flowing through Hechuan has always been associated with miracles.The Diaoyu City mentioned above is far away, and it is so far away that it is still so blurred. Lu Zuofu, who was born in Xiao's hometown in Hechuan in 1893, was also a miracle of himself.Lu Zuofu, who became an all-powerful adult, never went to class for a day after graduating from elementary school due to his poor family when he was young.Because he was eager to learn and talented since he was a child, in today's words, he is self-taught.He opened a cram school in his hometown and taught middle school mathematics to students.Self-study while teaching, he compiled the latest lectures on intermediate algebra, trigonometry, geometry, etc., and wrote the book "New Solutions to Applied Math Problems" when he was young, which was published by Chongqing Zhongxi Book Company. In 1925, Mr. Lu Zuofu founded his own Minsheng Company in Hechuan City. It started with a small passenger ship "Minsheng" with only 70 tons on the route from Chongqing to Hechuan on the Jialing River. Jianghai fleet with a total tonnage of more than 50,000 tons. In 1929, he built two ships, "Civil" and "Minwang", with a gross tonnage of 230 tons. The route was expanded from the Jialing Jiangyu-Hebei line to the Yangtze River Yu-Fu and Yu-Shanghai lines.A Lu Zuofu almost changed the history of shipping on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, Lu Zuofu devoted himself to the anti-Japanese work, transporting troops and materials out of Sichuan to fight against the Japanese regardless of pay.In the first three years of the Anti-Japanese War alone, Minsheng Company transported more than 1.5 million personnel and more than 1 million tons of materials. It lost 16 ships and more than 100 employees for the Anti-Japanese War.After the war, Lu Zuofu shifted the focus of the Yangtze River route to Shanghai, and established branches or offices of Minsheng Company in Taiwan, Guangzhou, Hong Kong and other places.Founded the "Pacific Shipping Company", purchased 3 ocean-going ships, and extended the routes to Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines, Singapore and Japan.By 1949, it owned more than 150 ships of various types, with a tonnage of 72,000 tons and more than 9,000 employees.After the founding of New China, Lu Zuofu returned to Beijing from Hong Kong in June 1950.Chairman Mao Zedong praised Lu Zuofu as "one of the four industrialists who cannot be forgotten" in our country.The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China affirmed that Mr. Lu Zuofu "has done many good things for the people, and the party and the people will never forget them."There is no doubt that the miracle in the history of Chinese shipping created by Lu Zuofu's water transportation complex benefited from the nourishment and development of the long Jialing River. Another miracle is that in the second phase of the construction of the Chongqing [Chongqing] He [Hechuan] Expressway, cultural relics exploration found traces of human activities 80,000 years ago at the Tangjiaba site in Hechuan. The earliest traces of human activity.The archaeological community generally believed that the earliest trace of human activities in the Jialing River Basin was the "Tongliang Culture" 25,000 years ago.Therefore, this discovery will rewrite the history textbook of the Jialing River Basin.These stone tools are mainly primitive tools. Most of them are made of smooth gravel, some are hammered into oblique blades, and some are hammered into curved blades.From these stone tools, we can outline the basic outline of human society in the Jialing River Basin of Hechuan in ancient times. This is of great significance for in-depth study of the primitive culture of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the establishment of the Paleolithic cultural sequence in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.I often have an illusion that I can stand on Jialing and walk freely, because walking like this, you can feel thrilling, and you can also experience yourself full of wisdom.But at this moment, facing the Jialing River that is rushing down thousands of miles, I really want to ask her, how many miracles are waiting for us? The Jialing River’s writing at Chaotianmen Wharf in Chongqing is a sharp contrast between its innate beauty and the majesty of the Yangtze River.In early summer and mid-autumn, the water in Jialing is green and the Yangtze River is turbid and yellow. It seems that each other deliberately shows their gender.The two rivers are a bit like a pair of loving lovers who have been separated for too long and came from a long distance. Under the watchful eyes of the public, they did not hide their backlog of emotions. , and then merged into one and headed towards the East China Sea. Chaotianmen was built in 314 BC when Zhang Yi, the general of the Qin Dynasty, built the city of Ba County after he destroyed the Ba Kingdom.The emperor was called the Son of Heaven in ancient times, so it got its name from this.Chaotianmen is the water gateway of Chongqing, strangling the key point of the golden waterway, with two rivers and three walls, ranking first among the seventeen gates in Chongqing.Whether you look at it from a distance or near it, you can see green vines on the stone walls, Jue trees piercing the rocks and boulders; ancient pavilions on the edge of the cliff, and flying pavilions facing the river.Taking advantage of the trend, two rows of stone steps descend side by side until they reach the water. Corresponding to this, the Liangjiang cableway flies across the sky and shuttles left and right.Passenger ships and cargo ships, iron barges and wooden boats lined up on the river, one still and another moving.It seems that there is no record of any appointee here who actually received the imperial decree, but Chaotianmen is as determined and pious as ever, and has been looking up to Changtian with ideals and welcoming the holy driver there.On the contrary, it is the humanities that fall into the folk world that stage real long-form melodramas here year after year.The chants of the trackers and boatmen on the Jialing River have disappeared, and the chants we hear occasionally can only be performed on a gorgeous stage, and they are just fragments of our memory.A funny movie "Crazy Stone", which was released not long ago with a high box office, used the camera to sweep the scenes that are still preserved in this city, especially the cableway on the Jialing River left a lot of excitement.Almost every time I am out of town, I will encounter inquiries from friends, and when foreigners come to Chongqing, they almost have the urge to try.In fact, in the life of Chongqing people, this is such a natural and casual travel.Above the surging river, a few steel cables are volleyed, and a car is opened opposite. In ten minutes, forty or fifty people who don't know each other throw their breath, career, love, and all the joys, sorrows, and joys of the world into the air. Life and death are all arranged by fate.When a person has such an encounter, his heart can go with the fate, he can be less anxious, and be at peace with the situation.I believe that among the native Chongqing people, there is no one who has not realized such an experience on the cableway.其实索道上的安全系数是极高的，只是我们的心理素质不能合拍罢了。在朝天门过往的人大多来去匆匆，唯有那些被称作“棒棒”的人群常年在这里以谋生计。他们也都是嘉陵江或者长江喂养的子民，不过和城里的人群不一样的是，他们的父老、姊妹、兄弟和子女都靠着这条江上人群的来来往往，靠着这得天独厚需要人力的码头，仅仅是为这些人扛一点行李、挑一些货物，就可以过上自己的日子。日子里有酸甜苦辣，但是他们很满足、很充实。他们常年蹲守在这恭迎天子的朝天门，不仅仅成了这里的一景，更为重要的是，他们几乎是接替了嘉陵江边已经淡出人们视野的纤夫队伍，而成为朝天门码头区别于其他建筑物的一群新鲜的、活生生的生命。 朝天门以左，嘉陵江拥抱了半岛重庆的一半身躯，与另一半长江的包围相比，这一半的可圈可点多了些神秘、奇丽、隐忍和阴柔。明初戴鼎筑重庆城，建有十七门，九开八闭。从解放碑过沧白路直下嘉陵江边到达洪崖门。洪崖门是闭门，修有城楼和门的样子，却没有门进出，纯粹用于军事。洪崖门临嘉陵江而设，视野辽阔，能控制好几十里江面。明末曾在洪崖门左面城墙上置放大炮，现在的沧白路就是旧时的炮台街。那炮可以面对长江、嘉陵江两江汇合处，以防入侵之敌。洪崖门拥有2300多年的历史，是巴文化和重庆城市人文的一条根脉。洪崖洞被人称之为站着的巴渝文化，记录了重庆人的坚忍与顽强，是重庆历史文化的见证和重庆城市精神的象征。洪崖门得名于洪崖洞。从临江门到千厮门之间，是一堵悬崖，城墙和洪崖门都建在悬崖上。在洪崖门下面靠右的悬崖下有一洞，就是洪崖洞。洪崖洞原来连接有一条小溪，那小溪发源于城内的大梁子【现新华路】，经大阳沟、会仙桥到洪崖洞，从悬崖上跌下，形成瀑布。因此，直到近代之前，“洪崖滴翠”一直是重庆的一大景观。现在这里保留了整个嘉陵江流域最为完整的吊脚楼群。吊脚楼属于栏式建筑，完全依山就势，远远看去，它们有的层层出挑，有的高低错落，房屋构架简单，开间灵活、形无定式，线条轮廓含蓄而秀美，随意的建筑符号，秀盈着朴素、自然的意味。随坡就势的吊脚楼群，形成奇妙的线性道路空间，逼仄幽深。徜徉小巷，往往看似尽头，拐过去，却柳暗花明，又是一番天地。吊脚楼的下部架空成虚，上部包围成实，刚柔相济。它们得嘉陵之灵气，成片生长，在山水之间，在坡壁上，错落有致，别开生面。这样的楼群已经绝无仅有，叹为观止。从2005年开始经过重新打造的洪崖洞，以拥有城市旅游景观、商务休闲景观和城市人文景观于一体而闻名，并以最具巴渝传统建筑特色的“吊脚楼”风貌为主体，依山就势，沿崖而建。可以从解放碑直达江滨，游吊脚群楼、观洪崖滴翠、逛山城老街、赏巴渝文化、看两江汇流、品天下美食。洪崖洞成为解放碑的会客厅。我原来工作的单位就在沧白路上，整整12年在那里走动，左侧抬脚就去解放碑，右侧五十米就是来来往往的嘉陵江索道，门前就是沧白路与洪崖洞笔直悬崖的护栏，其间有一条石板小路可以穿过吊脚楼群直达江边。那时的洪崖洞还没有改造，一个人从沧白路径直下去的感觉是怪怪的，因为坡势很陡，就像是踩着江边错落有致的屋顶在飞檐走壁，很有点刺激。那里的居民与沧白路上的居民就因为一壁悬崖，居然有了很大的差别，恍若生活在两个世界里。遇上心烦的事情，只要你顺着悬崖上的小路往下走，下去以后，闹市的喧嚣和光怪陆离的幻觉顿然消失，会觉得你就是你自己的上帝，你是你自己的神，你可以带着这样的感觉在那里走得自由自在。一般说来，顺着江水走到朝天门的时候，心情就好了，等你回到沧白路就像换了一个人似的。我说不清楚这究竟是什么原因，但这样的感觉在我离开沧白路以后很长的时间里，都挥之不去。 一泻千里的嘉陵江断句在重庆，这应该是天意。我想任何一个城市都不足以承载起其中的分量。这是嘉陵江流域最大的一个城市，随意翻检，每一个地方都有嘉陵江的杰作，就像这江上的浪花，每一朵都可以绽放出它不可复制的瑰丽。这里拔节生长的山有水的滋养，这里拔节生长的高楼有水的滋养，这里拔节生长的情感和欲望也有水的滋养，而这滋养最重要的成分，就是浩荡与辽阔，深邃与久远。 嘉陵江流经甘陕川渝，宛若血液渗透了这里的土地和每一个人的生活和肌体。我几乎是以一种虔诚、一种景仰如数家珍地把嘉陵江流域丰富的历史人文梳理了一个轮廓，尽管我知道这种梳理因为我的固执和偏好，以及认知局限和对一些物事难以合拍的认同，遗珠之憾在所难免。但仅仅是这样书写下来，仅仅因为嘉陵江流域的这些堆积的瑰宝，我对自古以来关于治理这一条大江的那些鲜为人知的故事和人物肃然起敬，他们为之做出的努力，给我们留下了世世代代赖以生存的生命之源和无比璀璨的人文财富。没有历朝历代经年对这条江的保护和治理，没有我们每个老百姓从每一个细节开始日渐强化的保护意识，我们这些引以为骄傲的瑰宝还会安然无恙吗？我们还能够有骄傲的理由吗？ 传说中的大禹治水，就是从岷江、嘉陵江开始，把兴水利、避水患、与水相生相克、以水谋福的治水方略推行于“九州”，在我国古代形成了源远流长的“道法自然”的治水核心理念。整个嘉陵江流域循于自然，因地、因水制宜的技术创造和成功的治水实践，为这一科学理念的完善和形成做出了特殊贡献，也为后人治水奠定坚实的基础。自古以来，治水的艰辛和悲壮并不亚于一场战争，几乎历代为官之人在自己属地上的治水都有心得，因治水而留下赫赫功绩者皆可传世。 公元115年，在嘉陵江上，武都太守虞诩带领文武官员和士兵，从沮县即今略阳到下辨即今成县的漫长河道上摆开了治水战场，成为嘉陵江历史上首次有记载的治水创举。这是冷兵器时代的治水，没有火药，没有爆破，全凭人力疏导，古人给我们留下的记载是“烧石剪木，开漕船道”。可以想象当年的虞诩站在嘉陵江坚硬的巨石乱岗上，看江上火光如炬，绵延数十公里，钎撬锤砸，火焚水激，人声鼎沸。这是何等壮观的场面。这次治水，为四川进入嘉陵江上游疏清了航道，也为翻越秦岭进入关中提供了水上便捷，其意义相当于今天的国道。从此，在嘉陵江的上游，就有了一条官民共用的南部联系的走廊。公元800年至805年，唐兴州【今略阳】刺史、山南西道节度使严砺主持疏导嘉陵江二百余里。柳宗元为此写下《兴州江运记》，详细记录了严砺疏通嘉陵的场面和情景，当时的栈道之险：“崖谷峻隘，十里百折，负重而上，若蹈利刃。盛秋水潦，穷冬雨雪，深泥积水，相辅为害，颠沛腾借，血流栈道。”所以必须开辟水路，而当时治水之艰难：“转巨石，仆大木，焚以炎火，沃以食醋，摧其坚刚，化为灰烬”。弯曲的河道要尽可能疏直了，湍悍的流水要尽可能平缓了，二百里江运开通以后，嘉陵江沿岸尤其兴州出现了空前繁荣的盛况。到宋明清以后，嘉陵江航运已进入一个相当发达的活跃期，成为黄金水道。特别是南宋时期，千里嘉陵江成了抗蒙的主战道，兵马粮草经水路络绎不绝，临水战，背水战，波澜壮阔。据有关墓碑和家谱记载，嘉陵江甘陕上游有许多来自两湖和四川的人，他们或商或运或当劳工定居嘉陵江畔，靠水吃水，根据不同行业，形成了药帮、盐帮、船帮等较为专业的商号。仅仅在民国期间，每天停靠在略阳水西门码头即江神庙下和白水江码头的船只，少则四五十，多则百余只。嘉陵江上水道的治理，直接给当时社会带来一片繁荣。清道光初年入川的成都府水利同知强望泰，前后宦蜀20余年，是历史上任期最长的水利官员，曾经对维修都江堰建立了功勋。道光十六年秋，强望泰任合州知州。得知合州嘉陵江巨梁滩水路，“船来船翻巨梁滩，阎王过路打悬悬。”的险恶，亲往勘测河道，并以知州名义发起了巨梁滩河道治理倡议书。倡议一出，大得人心，赢得了合州商人和民众的大力支持，捐钱的捐钱，出力的出力，声势浩大的治水队伍很快开赴了巨梁滩。强望泰遵循“道法自然”，以利民便民为己任，餐风露宿，督阵施工，第一次疏凿治理巨梁滩使其畅通无阻了。至今，巨梁滩附近还尚存六通巨梁滩治理、整修的碑群，记述着强望泰修凿河道的伟绩。1928年，民生实业家卢作孚新辟渝涪和渝泸航线。入冬，嘉陵江下游再出险情，卢作孚利用枯水季节，指挥峡防局3个中队的士兵，分赴合州各滩口进行淘滩，治理了张公滩、蔡家滩、虬门滩、黑羊石和黄家碛5个大滩之后，接着又继续整凿了巨梁滩。1953年底，四川省内河航运管理局第三分局，专门派人再度查勘巨梁滩，与当地船工船民几度开会研究，制定了根治巨梁滩计划，于1953年12月25日正式施工，其间摸索创新，创造了“牛胶竹筒水炮法”，改进了压引法，用黑火药牛胶引线代替黄炸药和雷管，提高了爆炸威力，节约了人力物力，总计炸除六千公方坚石，开凿出长一百公尺、宽五十公尺的新漕道，从根本上改变了巨梁滩险恶的面貌。嘉陵江浩荡千里流经我们身边，真正能够让我们怦然心动的绝不仅仅是她的浩荡，更有背后那些制造这份浩荡的细节，那些人，那些事。 “水善利万物而不争”，“江海之所以能为百谷王者，以其善下之，故能为百谷王”，这是老子里“上善若水”讲出的道理。都江堰滋润天府，稻香鱼肥，百姓天伦。嘉陵江千里直下，泽福两岸，万物欣荣。我们几乎不敢去设想如果一条江河被严重污染所带来的恶果。而嘉陵江之所以能在朝天门与长江的交汇中，以自己一江清水为品质，在这不为人知的背后，我们是否关心那些不为人知的艰辛？ 2004年，九三学社四川省委秘书长戴晓雁在广泛调查的基础上，就公布了这样的数据：嘉陵江水系81.8%的断面满足规定的水质标准，68.2%的断面满足Ⅱ类水质标准，13.6%的断面满足Ⅲ类水质标准，18.2%的断面属于Ⅳ类水质。干流以Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类水质为主。这是非专业人士都看不懂的数据，但这是一个非常不乐观的数据。嘉陵江流域是重要的灌溉区和农业生产区。一是由于农药、化肥的大量使用，在夏季降雨径流的冲刷下，大量的农药化肥等污染物随水流进入自然水域，水质超标率呈明显上升趋势，个别指标甚至超过枯水期。二是不合理城镇化结构使得大多数小城镇生活排放的污水、垃圾未经过处理直接排放，城镇生活型污染十分普遍。在城镇分布密集区域，多个城镇的生活污染共同导致流域性或区域性环境质量恶化。三是水电的无序开发，其特点是干流“梯度”，支流“梯度”，支流的支流也“梯度”，最直接的后果就是使得河流内水资源量减少，流域水文条件、生态环境恶化。我对戴晓雁的调查和提醒心存感激，我把这样的专业分析用最简单的话来说，就是农药、化肥、污水、垃圾以及名目繁多的病菌和有毒物质已经混合在我们赖以生存的嘉陵江中，或多或少，或轻或重，正在通过我们的饮用进入我们的身体，这是要命的污染，这是人类自己给自己造成的伤害。而此时此刻，我们每一个人正在受到程度不同的伤害。 嘉陵江纵贯武胜全境117公里。由于境内筑坝建有两个中型电站，江水自净能力已经减弱。加之随着城镇人口的增多和工业发展，产生和排放的大量生产、生活废水，致使嘉陵江水质由2003年前的Ⅱ类水域水质逐年下降为Ⅲ类水质。这是触目惊心的下降，如果我们有足够的敏感，把神经触角深入到我们自己的身体，你自然会大惊失色。所以这里的父母官痛定思痛，痛下决心，以“壮士断腕”的悲壮，从源头抓起，出重拳，强化整治，打了一场治理和保护生命之源的漂亮的攻坚战。2007年，一家废铅冶炼企业意欲落户武胜兴业。经过环评不合格，最后将这个企业以不符合国家环保政策拒之门外。为了更加有效地防治和改善水污染，武胜县工商、文体、建设、国土等职能部门把新引进企业是否落实环境影响评价制度作为行政审批的前置条件。近3年来，依法对全县88个新、改、扩建项目进行了环境影响评价审批，一票否决了4个不符合环保要求的项目。按照“谁破坏、谁恢复、谁污染、谁治理”的原则，督促指导华润雪花啤酒公司，投资600多万元建成污水处理站，实现了废水达标排放。县人民医院、天兆食品公司、广安鑫光铁塔公司等企业也先后投资近百万元建设了治污设施并投入运行。政府也投入4000万元资金，历时4年建成日处理废水2万吨的县污水处理厂，年处理县城生活污水达到了219万吨，实现了整个县城污水处理达标排放，有效降低了县城生活废水对嘉陵江水体的污染。 同样是治理嘉陵江流域的污染，广元市委、市政府要求全市上下形成“保护母亲河、还嘉陵江一江清水”的共识。从2004年起针对病灶下猛药，全市有92家未实现达标排放的企业被列入了限期治理名单，现已有76家重点污染源企业完成污染治理，实现了达标排放。有16家企业安装了水质自动在线监控设施，18家“十五小”和“新五小”企业已由各级政府依法责令关停。今年，政府又将9家工业企业和6家规模化畜禽养殖业纳入重点督办治理单位，已有4家工业企业和1家畜禽养殖场完成治理。广元是嘉陵江的上游，一衣带水三个省份。嘉陵江发源于陕西省秦岭南麓，由于陕西境内采金船违规作业，导致嘉陵江【广元段】水体泥砂含量高、水浊度高。国家环保总局出面协调解决这一跨省水环境保护问题，积极会同汉中市政府对其境内嘉陵江河道采砂、采金进行了集中整治。宁强县境内3处机械坑采点全部停产并恢复平整了河道，10多艘采金船已规范作业，减少了尾堆和悬浮物。为了水资源的保护，两省达成共识，一个跨省的“川陕环保联合机制”已经形成。 位于嘉陵江尾部的重庆，作为特大城市、中国西部的重镇，任何一次疏忽都可能造成国际影响。所以政府从警戒和预防入手，加强对嘉陵江水源水质的保护。去年汶川大地震以后，为防止唐家山堰塞湖的下泄洪水对饮用水源造成污染，政府启动紧急预案，高密度加强对嘉陵江水质监测，以确保市民饮用水安全。嘉陵江、涪江、渠江等都设置了密集监测点，每隔4小时监测一次。监测时采用人工和自动结合，每次至少监测分析28个项目，包括急性毒性、余氯、化学需氧量等。市环保部门还加强了巡查制度，随时监督和提醒贮存有化学危险品的单位注意安全。重庆主城区五大流域的14条市直管三级管网已经实施改造。三级管网主要是将城市排水纳入，然后接入二级管网，最后经过雨污分流，从根本上减少江河的水质污染。管线分布于沙杨路、西南医院至都市花园段、210国道、菜袁路至交通街段、汉渝路、沙中路和大石路等7条道路沿线，全长25公里。我们在朝天门码头能够看见清清的嘉陵江水，心里泛起的或许不仅仅是温暖，更有发自肺腑的由衷的敬意。 嘉陵江水资源水质的治理可圈可点，余不一一。然而，自然景观遭到的破坏却更让人痛心疾首。曾经可以给长江三峡媲美的嘉陵江小三峡最近被取消了国家级风景区称号，这个消息在重庆引起轩然大波。从地理角度看，不管是形成原理，还是历史脉络，嘉陵江小三峡和长江三峡判若兄弟。在第三纪或第四纪【距离现在500至1000万年前】，合川、北碚一带没有高山，也没有峡谷，只有一些小丘陵。嘉陵江从丘陵中穿过，波澜不惊。随着地壳运动的挤压，华蓥山逐渐隆起，从北向南延伸，分岔形成另外三座山，如同一把扫帚。在合川、双桥附近形成巴岳山，在北碚形成缙云山和中梁山，嘉陵江将这三座山一起切断，分别形成3个峡谷——合川沥鼻峡、北碚温塘峡和观音峡，这就是嘉陵江著名的小三峡。小三峡被国家级风景区除名，正是因为这里的风景区两岸密集的采石场、水泥厂、采沙场，植被遭到严重破坏，空气污浊、山体伤痕累累，不但大煞“风景”，而且还不适宜人居，当地许多原住民纷纷迁居，逃离这里的“风景”。专家为嘉陵江小三峡起死回生开出了三道药方：一是彻底关停两岸的采石场、水泥厂、采沙场。将两岸的公路改成旅游观景公路，大量进行绿化，适量增加人文雕塑。其次，在温塘峡修一道索桥，将北温泉和对岸的禅岩寺等连在一起，让市民既可以亲近水，又可以亲近峡谷，增大北温泉公园的体量。第三，在合川至主城之间开通仿古木船，穿行在嘉陵江上。长江、嘉陵江上的木船一共有70多种，著名的有中元棒、南河船、船笼子、滚筒子、麻秧子等。这些船都没有图纸，只留在一代代水木匠的脑袋当中，如果再不加以抢救和保护，很可能失传。现在川江号子已经被评为世界非物质文化遗产，需要这样一个载体，需要这样一条河流加以展示。嘉陵江小三峡紧邻主城，风光秀美，水运功能已大大减轻，最好的抢救和保护就是让它成为展示的场所。“人类有些东西是不能再生的，失去了就永远不会再来。”所幸的是，重庆已经着手对嘉陵江小三峡周边的整治，采取坚决措施，关闭了两岸38家采石场，清理了100多万吨垃圾，而且动员社会力量在两岸大量栽种树木。尽管嘉陵江小三峡已经病入膏肓，但峡谷的主体结构还在，架子还在，山和水的格局没有改变。我们期待奇迹出现，期待小三峡在千里嘉陵江上重现生机、绽放异彩。 没有任何人可以说自己与河流无关。故乡的河流无论大小，我们都愿意把她称作“母亲河”。我的故乡重庆因为有长江和嘉陵江，所以从小就与江河有一种特殊的亲近。后来到了成都，城区里仅有的一条府南河，也被市民称作“母亲河”。记得有一次我和彝人倮伍拉且与成都一个驾驶员发生口角，起因就是对自己母亲河的炫耀。后来我想，这是对水的敬畏，在每一个人的内心，都有神圣不可侵犯的领地，而故乡的河流就是这样的领地。 这是人类与水的情结。捍卫、保护也罢，治理、开发也罢，真正的关注和参与在大多数人那里，还依然是空洞的热情。其实我们很少有人真正知道，关于河流的治理和开发是一个世界性的课题，而且其中的难度大大超过了我们的想象。回到大禹的“道法自然”，看嘉陵江上历朝历代年复一年的整治，真正动了真格的还是从1999年开始实施的嘉陵江渠化工程，250个亿打造的“水上高速路”。 所谓渠化，就是根据地形、坡降、地质等条件，将河流分成若干不同水位而又相互衔接的梯级，下一级闸坝的回水与上一级闸坝相衔接，极大满足通航水深的要求。它的特点是：增加航道水深，减低水流流速，使航道的通过能力得到较大的增长；能够综合利用水资源，除改善航行条件外，还可取得防洪、灌溉、发电等综合效益；对于枯水期流量小，滩多流急的中小河流，特别是改善丘陵山区型的中小河流和河流上游的品质效果显著，从根本上改善河流的航行条件。世界上不少国家已经较早地对一些河流实施多目标的渠化工程，兴建一系列渠化枢纽，使之成为渠化河流，造福于社会。从上世纪20年代开始，美国密西西比河的上游以及支流的渠化，已成范例。密西西比河在未开发前自然条件并没有优势。历史记载平均每7年发生一次大洪水，上游水深仅0.3米，中游河道游荡不定，浅滩水深1.4米左右，下游河口拦门沙水深也只有2.7米。一些主要支流自然