Chapter 12 Chapter 12: War?Yes and?General Zhang and Yang sacrificed themselves for the country

★Chiang Kai-shek put forward a plan to solve the Xi'an problem, intending to dismantle the "Trinity" in the Northwest.Yang Hucheng, who was in a difficult situation, decided to use war to promote peace and force Chiang Kai-shek to let go. The CCP supports this strategic design ★Two factions formed within the Northeast Army. The young faction advocated conflict with Nanjing to the end and rescued Zhang Xueliang; the main peace faction advocated accepting Nanjing's conditions and Xu Tu rescued Zhang. The conflict between "war" and "harmony" led to the split of the Northeast Army

★After the Xi'an Incident, the Communist Party of China adhered to the principles and continued to negotiate with the Kuomintang, urging Chiang Kai-shek to fulfill his commitment to resist Japan and realize the second cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.The situation of uniting the whole country to resist Japanese aggression finally opened a new page in the history of the Chinese nation from decline to rejuvenation Zhang Xueliang did not return after sending Jiang back to Beijing. At 1:00 p.m. on December 26, 1936, Zhang Xueliang flew to Nanjing. The unhappiness caused by the change of plane in Luoyang did not make him think more, so when he arrived in Nanjing, he saw Jing Youyan and Lu Mu, the old troops of the Northeast Army. In court, he still couldn't hide his pleasure of poking a big hole in the sky. As soon as they met, he said excitedly: "(I) did a big thing for the country's resistance against Japan, and Mr. Jiang promised to fight against Japan together." going back."

On the morning of the 27th, when Jing waited to see him again, Zhang Xueliang said, "I have other things to do, so I can't leave today! I have to leave a few days later." According to the warrant he issued before his departure, which said "three to five days at the latest", December 31 should be the latest time to return to Xi'an.But on this day, not only did there not be any news of Deputy Commander Zhang's return from Xi'an, but also a shocking bad news: Zhang Xueliang will be tried in Nanjing. The news was confirmed the next day, New Year's Day 1937.A few days later, although Zhang Xueliang's 10-year prison sentence was pardoned, the pardon left a "tail" beyond the law - "strictly controlled by the military committee!"

What is "controlling"? This word cannot be found in the legal code of the Republic of China at this time.According to today's parlance, it is similar to "discipline", that is, for some criminals, the government and the masses will supervise and educate them to make them reform.But this kind of disciplined person is free, he can live and work freely, but the activities he engages in need to be subject to certain supervision.But Zhang Xueliang obviously does not belong to this type. He has lost his personal freedom since he was sentenced. So, what law applies to Zhang Xueliang's disposal?In other words, what is the future of Zhang Xueliang?Should he continue to be detained?Or can it be released?People can't find the legal basis, so no one can tell.

This cannot but cause extreme anxiety in Xi'an. It was not only Zhang Xueliang's safety that caused anxiety in Xi'an.Chiang Kai-shek also wanted to completely dismantle the "Trinity" in the northwest and force Zhang and Yang's troops to be completely under the control of Nanjing. On January 1, Chiang Kai-shek called Zhu Peide, Director of the General Office of the Military Commission, Gu Zhutong, Director of the Chongqing Camp, Zhu Shaoliang, Director of Appeasement in Gansu, and Lin Wei, Director of the General Staff Headquarters, to hold a meeting to determine the policy for the Northwest issue.After the meeting, Chiang Kai-shek immediately deployed five group armies to form a pincer attack on Xi'an according to the policy of giving priority to politics and supplementing the military, which was determined at the meeting and put forward by Chiang Kai-shek, as well as the strategy of "using military coercion to force Xi'an to submit." .

Eastern Front: The First Group Army with Gu Zhutong as the commander-in-chief, with 10 divisions under its jurisdiction, located west of Tongguan to Huayin and Huaxian, and westward along Longhai Road; the Fourth Army with Chen Cheng as the commander-in-chief, with 10 divisions under its jurisdiction , located on the right wing of the First Army, marching westward along the north bank of the Weihe River; the Fifth Army with Wei Lihuang as the commander-in-chief, governed 4 divisions, placed on the left wing of the First Army, in the Shang and Luo areas south of Tongguan, from the southeast Intimidate Xi'an.

Western Front: The Second Army with Jiang Dingwen as the commander-in-chief and the Third Army with Zhu Shaoliang as the commander-in-chief are located on the Shaanxi-Gansu border, with a total of 15 divisions, posing a threat to Xi'an from the west. There are a total of 39 divisions in the first-line troops on the east and west wings, and about 10 divisions in the second-line troops.In addition, the air force with Mao Bangchu as the commander also joined the battle sequence. Chiang Kai-shek's intention to break his promise and force Xi'an to submit by threatening force made Xi'an extremely angry.Therefore, focusing on how to fight back against Nanjing's military oppression and how to rescue Zhang Xueliang and return to Shaanxi to return to his post, Xi'an waged a resolute struggle against Nanjing.During this struggle, there were also disputes and frictions within Xi'an surrounding the issue of whether to seek peace through war or to avoid war through peace, and these had an impact on the outcome of the Xi'an Incident and on the personal fate of Zhang and Yang. .

The struggle surrounding the "aftermath" of the Xi'an Incident can be described as full of twists and turns! ★Chiang Kai-shek put forward a plan to solve the Xi'an problem, intending to dismantle the "Trinity" in the Northwest.Yang Hucheng, who was in a difficult situation, decided to use war to promote peace and force Chiang Kai-shek to let go. The CCP supports this strategic design After Chiang Kai-shek returned to Nanjing, how to deal with the aftermath of the Xi'an Incident became the concern of the whole world, and it is also a problem that must be taken seriously.In Chiang Kai-shek's view, Xi'an was his "Waterloo" and his lifelong humiliation.It is not Zhang and Yang who pose a threat to his rule, but these two forces, the "Trinity" under the leadership of the Communist Party.To solve the Xi'an problem, the "Trinity" must be dismantled.

Chiang Kai-shek's strategy for dismantling the "Trinity" design is: the first step is to detain Zhang Xueliang and make the Northeast Army leaderless.The second step is to divide the Northeast Army and the 17th Route Army, trying to open gaps from within the two armies and weaken the strength of the two armies.The third step is to transfer the two troops away from Shaanxi and Gansu, keep them away from the CCP, and then defeat them one by one. Under the guidance of this strategy, the Nanjing Nationalist Government proposed four major goals to solve the aftermath of Shaanxi and Gansu:

1. Rectify the Northeast Army and the 17th Route Army. It is stipulated that the Kuomintang "Central Army" entering Shaanxi and the Northeast Army and the 17th Route Army will enter the national defense preparation position, and the Kuomintang Central Committee will strictly rectify and enrich them. 2. Replace the personnel organization. It is planned to appoint Gu Zhutong as the director of Xi'an camp, to comprehensively manage the military affairs of Shaanxi, Gansu, Qingning, and Northwest defense preparations. Wang Shuchang will be the director of the appeasement stationed in Gansu, and under the guidance of the camp, he will be responsible for the appeasement of Gansu; Yang Hucheng will be the appeasement officer of Xi'an. The director, under the guidance of the battalion, was in charge of the appeasement of Shaanxi. Feng Qinzai was the commander-in-chief of the 17th Route Army, and Yang Hucheng and Yu Xuezhong were dismissed and stayed on.

3. The "Central Army", the Northeast Army, and the 17th Route Army of the Kuomintang are each divided into garrisons, divide and rule, and stipulate: 1.From Tongguan along the railway to Baoji and then along the Weihe River to Tianshui Tai'an Line (including Lang, Chaoyi, Huayin, Huaxian, Weinan, Lintong, Xi'an, Luonan, Shangxian, Lantian, Sanyuan, Jingyang, Xianyang, Xingping, Yuxian, Liquan, Wugong, Zhengli, Fufeng, Qishan, Fengxiang, Baoji, Siyang, Longxian, Qingshui, Tai'an, counties, Tianshui, Tongwei, Gangu and other counties) were garrisoned by the "Central Army" of the Kuomintang; 2.17 The garrison brigades directly under the Route Army moved to Zhining, Gouyi, Yongshou, Lingtai, Ningxian, Changwu, Binxian, Linyou, Qianxian, Chunhua, Yaoxian and other counties, and the 17th Division of Sun Weiru's Department moved to Ganquan, Fuxian, Zhongbu, Yijun and other counties; 3.Feng Qinzai's troops were stationed in Dali, Pucheng, Baishui, Chengcheng, Hancheng, Yichuan and other counties; 4.The Northeast Army will restore its original position before December 1, 1936; 5.Now the Kuomintang "Central Army" in Heicheng, Zhenhai, Yuantong, and Xincheng are temporarily stationed in the same place for consolidation. Fourth, the military supplies are unified. The salaries of the garrisons in Shaanxi and Gansu are uniformly distributed by the Central Committee of the Kuomintang. A military supply bureau is set up in Xi'an to handle the distribution of military supplies, which is guided and supervised by the camp. On the surface, the above four goals seem to be aimed at peacefully resolving the aftermath of Shaanxi, Gansu, but in essence they are to divide the Northeast Army and the 17th Route Army under the guise of peace, dismantle the "Trinity" alliance, realize the "Central Army" stationed in Shaanxi, and threaten The Red Army intends to achieve through negotiations what can only be achieved by means of war.He also replaced Zhang Xueliang with Gu Zhutong instead of Zhang Xueliang by changing the organization and personnel, and put the Shaanxi-Gansu military administration under the jurisdiction of the Kuomintang Central Committee; The unification of military supplies is to cut off the source of military pay for the Northeast Army and the 17th Route Army, prevent their further expansion, and make them more dependent on the Kuomintang Central Committee; and military consolidation is just a synonym for weakening the Northeast Army and the 17th Route Army. In order to make Xi'an accept Nanjing's conditions, Chiang Kai-shek made two additions to the above plan the next day: (A) The entire Northeast Army should first mobilize Ganjing, and return to Wang Shuchang's command and control. (B) Except for a part of the 17th Route Army who is allowed to stay in Xi'an, I will handle it according to yesterday's telegram. In just a few days after Chiang Kai-shek returned to Nanjing, he changed the conditions he promised in Xi'an. Some people made statistics on his "repudiation" records within 10 days of his return to Nanjing, and there are probably the following seven items: 1. Since the "Central Army" withdrew from Tongguan on December 25, it was not only completely wiped out, but also moved in in large numbers. 2.Zhang and Yang are in charge of all the provinces in the Northwest, and all of them have been wiped out. 3.Zhang Xueliang has been detained, and the promise to keep them safe has not counted. 4.Chiang Kai-shek did not resign the Premier as he had promised in Xi'an; the elimination of pro-Japanese factions was only symbolic, and He Yingqin was still the Minister of Military and Political Affairs; there was no movement to reorganize the government and accommodate progressive elements. 5.There was no mention of the convening of a national salvation conference. 6.After Chiang Kai-shek returned to Beijing, he did not order the release of the "Seven Gentlemen" (the "Seven Gentlemen" were released on bail after the start of the "July 7th" War of Resistance, and the High Court did not withdraw the prosecution until January 1939). 7. The soldiers of the "Central Army" are suppressing the border, and the civil war is in danger of breaking out again.Before boarding the plane in Xi'an, Chiang Kai-shek said: "I will be responsible for the civil war that occurs after today." However, within a few days after returning to Nanjing, he sent a large army to Xi'an, threatening to resume the civil war. What Chiang Kai-shek did confirmed that Yang Hucheng's previous concerns about him were correct. Faced with Chiang Kai-shek's threat of force, the Xi'an side headed by Yang Hucheng responded tit for tat.Yang Hucheng believes that Chiang Kai-shek's move is intended to dismantle the "Trinity" in the Northwest, and the key to Xi'an's unity lies in Zhang Xueliang, the leader of the heavily armed Northeast Army.Zhang was detained in Nanjing, and Xi'an was like a group of dragons without a leader.Before Zhang Xueliang left, he gave Yang Hucheng the command of the Northeast Army, but for the Northeast Army who was only loyal to Zhang Xueliang, it was difficult for Yang Hucheng to control them as an outsider; Zhang Xueliang also handed over the command of the Northeast Army to Yu Xue Zhong, although Yu is also an old man in the Northeast Army, but his military origin is directly related. His origin is not in the Northeast, but in Shandong, and the troops he commanded are far away in Gansu. Without him in Xi'an, these generals would not will listen to him.Yang Hucheng knew very well that rescuing Zhang Xueliang was extremely important for maintaining the unity within the Northeast Army, for maintaining the unity of the "Trinity", and for his personal future.In order to rescue Zhang Xueliang, Yang Hucheng made the decision not to hesitate to go to war with Nanjing.Yang Hucheng thinks: Without a fight, there is no way to support this situation, let alone rescue Zhang Xueliang.He hoped that Weinan would not withdraw its troops, nor would it conduct a defensive war as the leader of the army. If Chiang Kai-shek did not change the national policy and did not let Zhang come back, he would fight to the end.Fighting a war will, on the one hand, give Song and Han in North China, Li and Bai in Guangxi, and Liu Xiang in Sichuan an excuse to use force to mediate; At the same time, fighting a battle can also consolidate the internal forces of the two armies and maintain the unity of the "Trinity", otherwise, the generals will find their own way out, and the "Trinity" will collapse.He lost the capital to fight for Zhang Xueliang to return to Xi'an, and his personal future is also worrying. On January 5, the day when Nanjing issued a plan to deal with the aftermath of the Xi'an issue, Yang Hucheng led a telegram across the country, reprimanding the Nanjing Nationalist Government for detaining Zhang Xueliang, sending troops to attack Shaanxi, and provoking a new civil war.power up says: Last year's Double Twelve act was purely out of patriotism and sincerity, without any selfish intentions.When Generalissimo Jiang was in Shaanxi, Hucheng and others followed Deputy Commander Zhang and proposed eight proposals for resisting Japan and saving the country through texts and telegrams.Deputy Commander Zhang, Hucheng and others deeply believed that unless the whole country united in resisting Japan, it would never be enough to save the nation; and the one who has the talent and prestige to lead the whole country in resisting Japan is really only me, Chairman Jiang.Fortunately, the chairman of the Generalissimo is familiar with the blasphemy, and even more so. This is a concrete manifestation of the unprecedented great personality of Chairman Jiang, and it is also the great key to the national rejuvenation of our country.All Chinese people should recognize that Deputy Commander Zhang only knows patriotism, he is pure and innocent, and if he can save the nation, what a pity to die!After Generalissimo Jiang accepted the invitation in person, he was personally sent to the capital to be punished. This kind of feat, unprecedented in history and unique in the world, is enough to show the brilliance of his heart.Who has flesh and blood, can he not be moved?Hucheng, etc. and the more than 200,000 soldiers under them all have the heart of Deputy Commander Zhang, but if they can fight to the death under the leadership of Generalissimo Jiang and make a contribution to the country and the nation, everything else is nothing else. If you don't believe me, you can seek proof of facts.Recalling that after Chairman Jiang arrived in Beijing, he ordered the "Central Army" to withdraw eastward from Tongguan, and before leaving Shaanxi, he even said, "With me here, there will never be another civil war."Our country has suffered a long civil war!Now that the leader in charge made this statement, not only Deputy Commander Zhang and Hucheng were extremely happy to hear it, but my 450 million compatriots heard it, so why not celebrate it.All my robes should especially reflect the will of the leader and be a consistent external requirement.But when Chairman Jiang returned home on vacation and Deputy Commander Zhang stayed in Beijing but did not return, the bandits of the "Central Army" only obeyed the order and returned to the east, but instead marched westward in large numbers.The 6th, 23rd, 28th, 79th, 95th, 60th, 14th, 103rd, and 83rd divisions and teaching corps will be assembled and advanced , To Tongguan, Huayin, and Huaxian areas, build fortifications and arrays, and actively challenge the situation; more often cut off the phone, always obstruct the opening of traffic, so that the crowd is angry and worried.It is almost intended to use force to create an acute civil war, and to use blockade as a chronic coercion.With the stupidity of Hucheng, I really don't know what his intentions are, and what are his reasons?Now that the country is in danger, there should be no more Osmanthus strife, everyone knows it.If there is a policy that can promote the unanimity of the whole country, Hucheng and others are all willing to obey.If you don't ask how much land sovereignty has been lost, what is the true meaning of the army and people in the Northwest, and what is the direction of national public opinion.But we only know that the weapons purchased with the blood and sweat of our compatriots are used internally and kill each other. Hucheng and others want internal peace but cannot, and want to resist Japan externally but cannot.Since Deputy Commander Zhang has committed crimes against Dumen, Hucheng and others have made it their mission to save the nation, and the central government is still pressing so that military conflict is inevitable, so who will start the civil war?Who summoned the disaster of subjugation?The world's natural public commentary, Qingshi calls for direct writing.Bloody and tearful speeches, no one dares to remonstrate and listen, the whole country, fortunately, learn from the foolish heart, and teach from afar.Especially looking forward to. This telegram ironically pointed out Chiang Kai-shek's promise to Zhang and Yang in Xi'an.In particular, Chiang once accepted the eight proposals for saving the country. This is the secret that Chiang Kai-shek is most afraid of being revealed to the world.The purpose of disclosing this secret is to put a certain amount of pressure on Chiang Kai-shek, so that he has to be concerned when tearing up the conditions agreed in Xi'an.At the same time, this kind of disclosure appeared in the tone of praise. On the surface, it was to praise Chiang and criticize the Nanjing Nationalist Government, but in essence it pointed the finger at Chiang Kai-shek who was resting in Fenghua at this time and was manipulating the situation remotely.Although Chiang Kai-shek was very angry with this move, he couldn't object to it openly. On this day, Yang Hucheng led Xi'an to send a telegram to Chiang Kai-shek.Compared with the above-mentioned electrification, this telegram directly raised the question of releasing Zhang to Jiang: Wen Zhang's Deputy Commander Meng Junzuo petitioned for an amnesty, and the decree has been promulgated. The government supports justice and is lenient. We are deeply grateful!Deputy Commander Zhang, with a body full of hatred and shame, loves the country, the leader, Ji Gang, and faith, which proves his resolute guilt and his sincerity in serving the country.Thanks to Jun Zuo's painstaking efforts, he petitioned for an amnesty, and ordered him to commit crimes and make meritorious service, to work hard to redeem himself, to look up to the country and cherish talents, to speak kindly and benefit Pu, and thank you!Today, although Deputy Commander Zhang has invited the special code, he has not yet resumed public power. Although he wants to make contributions, he will do so freely... If Deputy Commander Zhang does not return, the army and people in the Northwest will be uneasy every day. Chiang Kai-shek couldn't help worrying about Yang Hucheng's successive telegrams protesting the military action in Nanjing and the detention of Zhang Xueliang. What he was afraid of was that if Yang Hucheng was pushed into a hurry, the war would end together, or Yang simply defected to the CCP, then his plan would be completely destroyed. Frustrated.Therefore, Jiang hurriedly replied to Yang Hucheng on January 7, telling him: Zhong (Jiang claimed, the same below) asked the national government to make an amnesty report, and I forgive you for reviewing it.The word restoration of rights was not mentioned in the amnesty decree, and it should be pardoned as the main punishment. This section will not be difficult to make up in the future.The current national government has clearly stated that there is a word of surrender to the Military Commission. I heard that the majority of the opinions at the meeting were to keep Han Qing in Beijing at this time, that is, to preserve Han Qing, and the meaning of forgiveness and love is absolutely the same.Zhong is on vacation at this time, and it is inconvenient to make frequent statements to the central government when the decree is issued, but he will give preferential treatment to the affairs of the Han Dynasty, so don't make it a little inconvenient.So far in state affairs, the only way to save the country is to implement the improvement of national discipline, and the local vitality and the power of robes will make the whole safe and have no regrets.Therefore, the solution must take both public and private interests into consideration, and balance both reason and reason.I hope that brothers and others will believe in the central government with honesty, and I hope that all the generals in central Shaanxi can understand the painstaking efforts of brother Han to love the country and love Ji Gang and love brother Han. On the 13th, the plan to solve the aftermath of Shaanxi, Gansu and Gansu, revised by Chiang Kai-shek, was officially delivered to Yang Hucheng.This plan is divided into two cases, A and B, for Xi'an to choose one of. Case A 1. All the Northeast Army was transferred to Gansu. 2. The various units of the 17th Route Army are still stationed in the original defense of Shaanxi Province, under the command of Yang Hucheng, the director of appeasement. Note: The Shaanxi appeasement director's office may be moved to Sanyuan. 3. The counties along the railway line from Tongguan to Baoji shall be stationed by the Central Army (other than the counties along the railway line, troops from the 17th Route Army may be stationed). Case B 1. All the Northeast Army should be stationed in Henan and Anhui provinces, and they can be concentrated in Nanyang, Xiangfan, and Xinyang along the Xijing Highway. 2. Wang Shuchang (or another person guaranteed by Hanqing) will be the chairman of the Anhui Provincial Government. 3. Yu Xuezhong was transferred to serve as the director of appeasement, and commanded the Northeast Army stationed in Henan, Hubei and Anhui. 4. Yang Hucheng was transferred to be the chairman of the Gansu Provincial Government and also the commander-in-chief of the 17th Route Army. All the 17th Route Army was transferred to Gansu. For this plan, Chiang Kai-shek asked Xi'an to make a choice between accepting case A or case B before January 16. This plan was formed under the leadership of Chiang Kai-shek's policy on dealing with the Shaanxi-Gansu issue. Compared with the aftermath plan proposed by the Nanjing Nationalist Government with four objectives, Chiang still made certain concessions in some aspects.This concession is mainly reflected in the treatment of Yang Hucheng's 17th Route Army.The original plan for the appointment and removal of personnel has been announced by the resolution of the Executive Yuan; the defense area of ​​the troops is designated as (1) the Shangluo area and Longhai Road (including some nearby counties such as Chaoyi, Jingyang, Sanyuan, Zhouzhi, Fufeng, Qishan, etc.) and The counties on the Xilan Highway were garrisoned by the "Central Army"; (2) the 17th Division of the 17th Route Army and various garrison brigades were stationed in Guanzhong, and Feng Qinzai's troops were promoted to the 27th Route Army, which was still stationed on the line from Dali, Pucheng to Yichuan; (3) ) The Northeast Army resumed its original position before December 1, 1936.The current case A is to let the 17th Route Army still be commanded by Yang Hucheng, and all units are still stationed in the original defense of Shaanxi, and one part is stationed in Xi'an, but the "Central Army" is stationed along the Longhai Line.This plan is obviously a little concession to Yang Hucheng. However, this concession is also limited.As long as Case A is implemented, Chiang Kai-shek's promise of "handing over the northwest to Zhang and Yang" will be erased. Moreover, once the Nanjing Nationalist Government controls the traffic line between Xi'an, the capital of the Northwest, and the Longhai Railway, it will not only be a threat to Xi'an. Even with such a concession, Zhang Xueliang, who was imprisoned, contributed.Although Zhang Xueliang lost his personal freedom, he still paid close attention to the situation in the Northwest. On January 7, after Chiang Kai-shek sent a letter to Zhang Xueliang to inform Zhang Xueliang of his opinions on dealing with the aftermath of the Shaanxi-Gansu issue, Zhang Xueliang seized this opportunity and immediately submitted Chiang's opinion letter, putting forward his proposals for solving the aftermath of the Xi'an issue.The two proposals proposed by Zhang Xueliang are: A. Suppress bandits 1. Transfer all the Northeast Army to be stationed in Kaifeng, Luoyang or Pinghan line, arrange training, and serve as national defense projects. Yuliang is responsible for transfer and arrangement. 2. Invite Hucheng to go abroad for inspection and recuperation for half a year. No vacancy will be opened. Sun Weiru will be the agent, and Junzuo will give sufficient funds to launch the campaign against Japan and call him back to the country. 3. Yu accompanied Mo San and others to Luoyang, preferably Tongguan or Lintong, accompanied by troops sent by Qiyu or Pang Bingxun, and invited Hucheng and the army commanders to discuss. B. Bandits are not suppressed 1. Transfer Hucheng to Gan, with He Xuezhu or Liu Jingfu as the director of the Northwest Camp, and Pang, Shang, Xiao Zhichu, Wan and other troops stationed in Shaanxi. 2. The Northeast Army was stationed in Henan and Hubei to organize training and take charge of national defense. Wang Shuchang was in charge, and Liang helped to finish the arrangement. Liang wished to study. Regarding Hucheng's speech, Liang thought that Lizi, Xuezhu brother or Mr. Yu would cooperate with Liang to Tongguan or Feng Qinzai's defense area, and invite Hucheng to talk. Zhang Xueliang's plan reflects his sincerity in resolving the aftermath of the Xi'an incident, and at the same time explores Chiang Kai-shek's attitude towards Xi'an and his personal attitude.Chiang Kai-shek finally set the tone for the aftermath plan.Partially adopted Zhang Xueliang's proposition.For example, the transfer of the Northeast Army to Henan and Anhui provinces, Yang Hucheng's transfer to Gansu, Wang Shuchang's appointment, etc., Zhang's propositions were basically reflected in Chiang Kai-shek's plan.Of course, Chiang Kai-shek would not agree to Zhang Xueliang's idea that he would come forward to interview Yang Hucheng and organize the troops. Yang Hucheng also sees that this plan is beneficial to him, but he believes that the most urgent task now is to get Zhang Xueliang to return to Xi'an so that the unity of the "Trinity" can be maintained, and his own local interests are secondary.Therefore, after studying with the Northeast Army and the CCP, Yang Hucheng proposed his plan to solve the aftermath of the incident.The content is as follows: one, A. To maintain the prestige of the central government: (1) Yang Hucheng, Yu Xuezhong, and Sun Weiru accepted the orders of the central government. (2) Cancel the temporary organization after December 12 and restore all normalcy. B. The origin of Deputy Commander Zhang: A: (1) Set up the Shaanxi-Gansu Appeasement Director, with Deputy Commander Zhang as the director and Yang Hucheng as the deputy director. (2) Director Gu Zhutong was stationed in Luoyang. B: (1) Deputy Commander Zhang is the director of the camp, and Yang Hucheng is the deputy director. (2) Deputy Commander Zhang is the director of the camp, and Gu Zhutong and Yang Hucheng are the deputy directors. C. Military aftermath issues: (one) A: In order to avoid international misunderstandings, the "Central Army" was stationed in the Tongguan and Huayin areas; the Northeast Army, the 17th Route Army, and the Red Army were stationed separately in other places in Shaanxi and Gansu. B: (1) The Northeast Army stationed in Wuwei, Lanzhou, Chengyang, Guyuan, and Tianshui. (2) The 17th Route Army stationed in Xi'an, Jingyang, Luochuan, Hancheng, Chaoyi, Huaxian, and Shangxian areas. (3) The Red Army stationed in Yanchang, Yanchuan, Fushi, Buxian, Qingyang, and Chunhua areas, with one stationed in the south of Luozhou and the other in the west of Liangzhou. (4) The "Central Army" road protection troops are limited to 3 to 4 regiments at most. (2) The Northeast Army and the 17th Route Army are under the command of the chairman, and the administration and training of their personnel are handled by the respective headquarters. (3) In order to avoid the suspicion and fear of the people of the country, during the period of contracting, the chairman of the committee is requested to order Minister He (Ying Qin) to stop the advance of the "central" armies and all other military operations. Note: Please be responsible for the implementation of the specific national salvation plans adopted by the chairman in Xi'an.In addition, a separate plan will be made for all military expenses and military establishment salaries required for the aftermath. two, (1) Give Yang Hucheng to lead the 17th Route Army and the Northeast Army or a part of the cavalry army in the name of aiding Sui, and organize the aiding Sui army (but this article may still be incomplete). (2) The Northeast Army moved to Gansu, the 17th Route Army was still stationed in Shaanxi, and the "Central Army" was stationed in Tongguan and Hanzhong. (3) In order to build the Northwest, the chairman of Shaanxi Province is still sent by the "central government".To the director of the camp, He Xuezhu and Dai Xiaozhi are invited to be stationed in Xi'an. Yang Hucheng's plan was aimed at Chiang Kai-shek's plan, and he put forward his own proposals one by one according to the various items proposed by Chiang. Urge Jiang to implement the various items he promised in Xi'an.This is far from Chiang Kai-shek's plan and is bound to be rejected by Nanjing. Before and after, the CCP adopted an attitude of approval and support for Yang Hucheng's countermeasures with Jiang Zhouxuan after Zhang Xueliang left Shaanxi. After Chiang Kai-shek left Shaanxi and returned to Beijing on December 25, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held an enlarged meeting of the Politburo on the 27th to discuss the situation and policy after Chiang Kai-shek was released.According to the spirit of this meeting, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued "Instructions on Chiang Kai-shek's Release" to the party that day: Chiang Kai-shek's acceptance of the anti-Japanese proposition and Chiang Kai-shek's release marked the beginning of a new stage in which the whole country ended the civil war and unitedly resisted the Japanese.But in order to fully realize the anti-Japanese mission, there is still a process of overcoming many difficulties... The speed of this process depends first of all on the strength of the anti-Japanese faction. On the same day, the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China also called Hu Fu (Liu Shaoqi) of the Northern Bureau of the Communist Party of China, pointing out that after Chiang Kai-shek was released: On the one hand, it is estimated that if Chiang Kai-shek wants to restore his lost prestige and power, he must rely on the leftists and Northwest revolutionary forces to sanction the pro-Japanese forces that have expanded... But on the other hand, it is estimated that the pressure from Japan and the pro-Japanese faction, and the British However, Chiang Kai-shek's reforms in internal affairs, the alliance with the Communist Party, and the War of Resistance against Japan may still be shaken and delayed. ...To completely (change) Chiang Kai-shek's shaky position and to cut off his so-called third path other than resisting and pro-Japanese, it will take a lot of effort. At the same time, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made it clear that the current tasks are: (1) Propagating the successful resolution of the Xi'an Incident and calling on the whole country to unite in the war of resistance. (2) Force Chiang Kai-shek to fulfill his promise in Xi'an. (3) Consolidate the unity of the "Trinity". (4) Continue to promote the cooperation between various local powerful factions and Xi'an; promote the leftists of the Nanjing National Government to win over the centrists and oppose the rightists, so as to realize the reorganization of the government. (5) Expand the national salvation movement. (6) Consolidate and develop the party organization to adapt to the establishment of the national anti-Japanese national united front. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is optimistic about the situation, but the focus is still on continuing to fight to force Chiang to resist Japan. Judging from the development of the situation since then, this is far-sighted. Zhou Enlai made further supplements to the above guidelines of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to make them more comprehensive and perfect.In his telegram "Concerning the Situation after the Peaceful Resolution of the Xi'an Incident and Our Policy", he suggested to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China: 1. The peaceful settlement of the Xi'an Incident means the beginning of a new stage in China's political life.that is: 1.The attack on the Red Army is coming to a halt; 2.The policy of foreign concessions will come to an end; 3.The formation of the preliminary situation of the domestic united front; 4.The real possibility that Shaanxi and Gansu provinces will become anti-Japanese base areas. 2. The Xi'an Incident and its peaceful settlement indicated the division and recombination of class forces, especially the decisive process of division of the bourgeois camp, and its significance was to promote and accelerate the concentration of leftists in the bourgeois camp.It strikes at the middle way of thinking.However, the process of differentiation has not ended, and the general situation still exists in three camps: anti-Japanese, falling to the sun, and the middle.The new changes are: 1.The strengthening and legalization of anti-Japanese forces (at least in part); 2.The pro-Japanese faction suffered a fatal blow; 3.The center is beginning to approach the left (though still unavoidably and slowly, the basis for preserving the center). Policy: Crack down on the pro-Japanese factions, consolidate the leftists centered in the northwest, and influence and absorb the centrists. 3. The government of Kong and Song was a transitional government.The current basic issue of this government is that it will adopt a tougher attitude towards the issue of Japan, and may make a small step forward on the issue of democracy, but it is clear that it will continue to follow the old line in many aspects.We should treat the Confucian and Song governments as transitional governments, that is, promote and sponsor their anti-Japanese tendencies, strive for gradual democratic reforms even if they are not large, and at the same time never relax their criticism.Like all transitional governments, there are inevitable vacillations and different possible futures. We should fight against every vacillation and strive for his transition to an anti-Japanese government. 4. Under this circumstance, the movement to convene the Anti-Japanese National Salvation Conference is of great significance in mobilizing, awakening, organizing the masses and promoting the progress of the current situation.The call for a peace conference in Nanking should be linked with the people's promotional movement.However, the timing of the meeting and the guarantee of victory depend on the development of the promotional movement, which is an important link in the development of the situation and the key to strengthening the mass character of the anti-Japanese united front. 5. Another central link in the development of the situation is the consolidation of the Northwest, and the possibility of turning the Northwest into an anti-Japanese base area and a model area of ​​the United Front has become a reality.this needs: 1.To formulate and realize the program of tripartite cooperation and the military plan of the Northwest; 2.The consolidation and transformation of the Zhang and Yang departments, the rest and regularization of the Red Army on a new basis, and mutual respect, cooperation and mutual assistance related to the solidarity of the three aspects; 3.The development and mobilization of mass movements, and the democratization and transformation of local government on this basis; 4.Ning, Qing, and Ganxi resolved the Hui issue. 6. Adhere to the position of the organizers and mobilizers of the national unity to resist Japan: on the one hand, on the basis of resisting Japan and attacking pro-Japanese elements, cooperate with the leftists in Nanjing and draw in the middle to our side; The various factions, with the northwest as the center, aim at the anti-Japanese peace conditions, and are the forces pushing Nanjing to the left. 7. To transform all the work of the party so that it is suitable for the new environment and become the dominant player in the political life of the country. 1.Resume party work in the big cities, above all among the working class. 2.Change the scattered guerrillas in various places to arm the peasants for self-defense, and become the source of the peasant movement. 3.Move the central government to an area that is convenient for leading the political life of the country. 4.Educate and re-educate cadres. Zhou Enlai's suggestion won the approval of Mao Zedong, Zhang Wentian and Zhu De. While the Communist Party of China made correct judgments on the domestic situation after the Xi'an Incident and issued the above-mentioned instructions, Chiang Kai-shek's attitude of overturning his commitments made in Xi'an and taking revenge on Zhang and Yang became more and more obvious.The first was to detain Zhang Xueliang, and then to throw out a solution to the Shaanxi-Gansu issue.In order to force the Xi'an side to submit, they oppressed with large soldiers, and made a gesture of fighting immediately if they refused to accept. Yang Hucheng was determined to fight. He held high the banner of rescuing Zhang Xueliang, seeking to unite the Northeast Army under Zhang Xueliang's banner, and then maintain the unity of the "Trinity". The CCP believes Yang's strategy is correct.Because Chiang Kai-shek's plan to solve the aftermath of Shaanxi and Gansu is to dismantle the "Trinity", and only when Zhang Xueliang returns to Xi'an can the "Trinity" be maintained, because there is no candidate in the Northeast Army who can replace Zhang Xueliang.Only when the "Trinity" is united can the safety and future of both Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng be guaranteed. The CCP has a deeper understanding.While Chiang Kai-shek was dealing with the aftermath of the Northwest issue, he also put the issue of the CCP on his agenda. On January 4, Chen Lifu told Pan Hannian, the CCP’s representative in Nanjing: Nanjing decided to resolve the aftermath of the Northwest through political means, and hoped that the CCP would stay out of the matter, “so as not to cause diplomatic difficulties and hinder the progress of negotiations between the two sides.”Chen Lifu also entrusted Zhang Chong to go to Xi'an today to pick up Zhou Enlai, "come to Beijing as soon as possible to meet Mr. Jiang secretly, and discuss everything face to face."At this time, the intention of the Nanjing side was already very clear, that is, to use political means to solve the aftermath of the Northwest and solve the problems between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party separately, in an attempt to separate the Red Army from the "Trinity".This is not only detrimental to the Northeast Army and the 17th Route Army, but also extremely detrimental to the CCP and the Red Army itself. If the CCP stays out of the aftermath of the Northwest, it will be morally sorry for its friends. Therefore, Mao Zedong replied to Pan Hannian on the same day, saying: "I agree with Nanjing to use political means to solve the aftermath of the Northwest", but there are three "preliminary measures", one is "immediate withdrawal of troops", the second is "immediate release of Zhang", and the third is "guarantee Implementation of the Xi'an Agreement", "Maintenance of the six conditions for a peaceful settlement agreed upon in Xi'an". Under the guidance of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to "consolidate the unity of the two armies Zhang and Yang around the Red Army", Zhou Enlai, Yang Hucheng and the generals of the Northeast Army agreed together that Yang Hucheng would send a protest telegram to Nanjing, protesting against Chiang Kai-shek's detention of Zhang Xueliang and his preparation for a new challenge. Initiate a conspiracy of civil war, and use this to show the attitude of Xi'an and the truth of the Xi'an Incident to the people of the whole country, expose Chiang Kai-shek's treachery, rescue Zhang Xueliang and return to Shaanxi to preside over the anti-Japanese plan. In order to retaliate against Nanjing's military provocation, the CCP made preparations for resolute armed self-defense together with the Northeast Army and the 17th Route Army.He also sent Zhou Enlai and Ye Jianying, chief of staff of the Red Army, to draw up a tripartite joint self-defense combat plan with the two friendly forces.Mao Zedong approved this plan, and ordered the main force of the Red Army to quickly gather in Guanzhong. From January 8th to 9th, the 1st Red Army Corps arrived in Yaoxian County and Sanyuan, and the 15th Red Army Corps assembled in Xianyang. On the 10th, the Red Twenty-seventh Army also quickly deployed its defenses in Luochuan and other mobile positions.During this period, the Northeast Army and the 17th Route Army also deployed in Weinan, Huayin, Huaxian and other places accordingly, and set up a fighting position. According to the military action plan approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Zhou Enlai contacted friendly forces to quickly replenish the ammunition, supplies, and radio equipment that the main force of the Red Army marched southward needed urgently in just a few days. When the Red Army troops arrived at the designated location, Zhou Enlai visited the officers and soldiers in person at the station, explained the significance of the Xi'an Incident to them, and boosted the morale of the commanders and fighters. The above-mentioned actions of the main force of the Red Army aroused the attention and shock of Nanjing and other parties. This is exactly what Mao Zedong needed.All walks of life in Nanjing pay attention to the movements of the Red Army, which can play a role in containing Chiang Kai-shek.蒋介石本意也不是要用兵西北的。因为他知道，西安事变后的国际国内形势已不允许他再打内战，他之所以要摆出打的架势，目的在使西安屈服他的条件。 西安方面也效仿红军的做法。1月8日，东北军、17路军126名将领联名通电表示：“誓将起来周旋，至死不悔”。9日，西北各界群众举行了10万军民参加的示威游行，参加游行的民众和东北军、17路军士兵义愤填膺，决整武装，坚决自卫之决心溢于言表。 亲眼目睹这次声势浩大的武装示威游行的英籍新西兰著名记者贝特兰，在日后为英国《泰晤士报》和《每日先驱报》撰写的文章中写道：在中国，任何抗日活动无疑都会得到群众的支持。我甚至还感到：舍此而外从任何其他方面出发，要想成为一场群众运动，都是根本不可能的。 蒋介石在奉化溪口接连收到南京报来的关于西安方面的情况，非常忌惮杨虎城及西安方面会不顾一切地行事。10日，他电令“中央军”驻豫甘准备进攻西安之部队：“严令各路前方部队，未下总攻击令以前，应力避冲突，勿使接触。” ★东北军内部形成两派，少壮派主张与南京冲突到底，救出张学良；主和派主张接受南京的条件，徐图救张。“战”与“和”的冲突导致了东北军的分裂 杨虎城提出的代表“三位一体”利益，得到包括东北军和中共同意的善后方案，蒋介石却不同意。 南京方面看到这个方案最早是1月16日。是13，杨虎城派他的驻南京办事处主任李志刚和东北军方面的代表鲍文樾、米春霖等3人携带杨致蒋介石、何应钦的亲笔信和善后方案，来到南京。何应钦对鲍、米、李3人说：你们来了很好，委员长现在奉化，要你们明天去。 看完这个方案后，何应钦18日致电孔祥熙，认为西安的条件，“似已草人容共及陕甘特殊化问题，'中央'势难以采纳。” 就在这一天，蒋介石于“病榻”上召见了西安的信使鲍文樾等。鲍向蒋递上了杨致蒋的信和善后方案。杨给蒋的信主要是，要求释放张学良回陕，并敦促蒋销假回（南）京视事。 鲍文樾简要说明了东北军和17路军迫切要求张学良早日回西安处理善后。蒋介石回答说：“这不是我个人的问题，而是国家问题，是纪律问题。张汉卿来京以后，承认自己的错误，觉着自己读书少，修养不够，再三表示要跟着我读书，学习修养，他自己不愿回去，你们也不能强迫他回去。” 鲍文樾又提出“中央军”向西安进逼的问题，蒋说：顾祝同部西进，用意不在打仗，而是调度军队，恢复原来秩序，如果不听国家调度，才要解决的。蒋并强调：西安方面必须按照甲、乙两案，择一执行。你们既然要我领导，我就有调度之权，不服从我的命令，就是不守国家纪律，这是不能容忍的。 蒋介石的说法与做法，使耿直的鲍文樾无法接受。鲍想象不到，蒋身为一国领袖，却没有任何信义，明明是扣住少帅不放，硬说是少帅不愿回去，明明是自己公报私仇，硬说是维护国家纪纲。鲍文樾发誓从此不再与蒋周旋了，他认为与蒋谈下去已没必要，并于一气之下提前单独返回了西安。 18日下午，蒋介石又单独召见李志刚。蒋问李：“你可以讲一讲，他们究竟打算怎么办？” 李回答：“自委员长回来以后，对于答应的问题还没有实现，又把张先生留住不让回去，大量的'中央军'开进潼关，西安方面群情激愤，东北军、17路军团结一致，张先生若不回来，他们要打仗。” 蒋介石听到此语，立即从病榻上翻身起来，说：“他们要打仗呀？要打就打，我早就准备好了，因为怕糜烂地方，所以未进去，要打的话，我在几天之内就可以消灭他们。” 李志刚直率地说：“红军也向关中开进，打起仗来，恐怕不好。” 蒋介石听到这里，把语气缓和下来，又重复一遍先前说过的话：顾祝同部西进，用意不在打仗，而是调度军队。又说：“虎城与17路军有革命历史，不能与东北军相提并论，回去你告诉虎城，只要他听我的命令，我答应的话都可以实现。我亲自写一封信给他，你带回去。” 19日，蒋介石写了一封2500字的长信给杨虎城，全盘否定西安方面的释张要求及所提的善后方案。他首先给杨虎城等扣上“不守军政，破坏统一”的大帽子，指出：“由兄等所提之要求，测兄近来之心理，一方面以表示就职掩盖国人之耳目，一方面则欲更进一步的割裂军政，破坏统一，以造成西北为特殊区域……质言之，即不许中央过问西北之一切，亦无异使陕甘不为国家军令政令所及之陕甘，直欲使西北沦亡为东北之续，而一方面则以要求汉卿回陕主持为解决一切之关键。” 接着，蒋介石从3个方面指责西安方面的合理要求为不当：第一，指责西安方面不该怪他用兵西北。说，“'中央'无论如何不能放弃西北”，'中央军'不驻西北，投资则无安全感，一切建设无法继续，国防亦无保障，“'中央'若放弃西北，即无异放弃国防……若就国家生存大计而言，则劫持统帅之咎犹小，而破坏国防之罪实大。”第二，指责西安要求释放张学良不妥。蒋介石说：“陕甘之统一一日未复，即中与汉卿之罪责一日不得而乱扣帽子卸除。汉卿深知此意，并无回陕之请求，而惟望问题之速了。……望兄等勿再作此不可能之要求，以增汉卿与中之罪戾也。”第三，指责西安方面的善后要求是“假此以遂其把持割据之私图……为保持军事与统治之统一，即不容自划区域，而形成割据独立之形态……西北为我中华民族发祥之地……断不能任其有赤化恶化之情势，沦为危害国本之根据地”。 在这封信中，蒋介石把西安方面对西安事变善后的主要主张都否定掉了：张学良回陕的问题，蒋介石一口否决“不可能”，并威胁说，如果西安方面孤行到底，张学良今后如何处置他就撒手不管了。东北军、17路军仍驻陕西问题，蒋介石以维护“中央”统一为由予以回绝。保持“三位一体”团结的问题，蒋介石直言不讳地说，不能容忍西北成为赤化的根据地。甚至还放出劫持统帅可以原谅、而西北的半独立状态不能原谅的重话。 20日下午，李志刚等带着蒋介石的致杨虎城信回到西安。杨虎城立即召集两军军政人员开会，会上宣布了蒋介石给杨虎城的长信，李志刚报告了见蒋介石的情况。面对张学良不能回、陕甘不能留驻、“三位一体”将被拆散的局面，参加会议的众将领都是义愤填膺。东北军方面的人纷纷斥责蒋介石背信弃义、分化东北军与17路军的企图，表示决不能上当。孙蔚如亦表示，绝不能就任陕西省主席职。杜斌丞也说：“张先生不能回来，我们大家要坚决同蒋介石拼命。”会场上情绪激昂，约定第二天再作商量。 散会以后，李志刚留下继续与杨虎城讨论南京的势态及其蒋介石的真实意图。 蒋介石对西北善后态度早已明确，杨为何还在这个问题上徘徊？事后人们才知晓，杨虎城在1月17日收到严庄的一封密电，透露出南京的新动态。密电说： 党方与言论束缚可稍去，但有限度。国民大会事当有决定。望对国策有表决，恐非时机。孔（所）制严密“中央”机构，以收行政效能，俾成国难政府，禁绝军人干政与安定地方，发达产业，藉作安内之基础三案，未必能提出。孔长行政院，尚未大定。宋不得长财，则人言凿凿。 西山（派）、政学（系）与汪（精卫）结合日深，非国家之福。蒋为所包围，旋转实费大力。 严的这封电报，不仅说明改组政府、开放言论困难重重，而且指出了蒋介石仍受亲日派包围，南京的政治空气依然十分凝重。这增加了杨对蒋介石反悔承诺的疑虑。杨虎城判断，蒋介石扣押张学良是推翻其在西安承诺的开始。 21日上午，杨虎城召集三方面负责人开会，继续讨论解决陕甘善后问题。杨首先介绍了西安代表见蒋的详情和他对此行的看法，然后围绕应蒋邀请再派李志刚去奉化与蒋交涉之问题展开讨论，最后以杨虎城的提议为基础形成了三点意见：一、要求张学良回陕；二、质问“中央军”为什么大举西进？三、看蒋介石有无转变国策的准备。 鉴于前两个问题，在第一次奉化之行中以及蒋致杨虎城的信中都已谈及，李志刚第二次奉化之行重点是了解蒋介石有无抗日的决心，而不再要求蒋介石撤兵释张了。这对西安来说，已经是又一次让步。 李志刚到达南京后，先后拜访了于右任、陈立夫、冯玉祥、何应钦等人。何应钦一贯亲日反共，在西安事变时又任讨逆军总司令，蒋介石回京后他为了表示效忠以谋自保，在宴请李志刚时，攻击张、杨发动西安事变是存心割据，而对今后政策闭口不言。陈立夫在西安事变中主和是为了保蒋，蒋介石回京后他继续反共，他见李志刚后，只问西安的情况，不谈国家前途。于右任虽宴请了李志刚，但他对潼关吃杨虎城闭门羹仍耿耿于怀，也不谈实质性问题。只有冯玉祥对时局作出了自己的正确估计，他说：“蒋介石今后还要打内战吗？我看他再也打不下去了。” 23日，李志刚在戴笠陪同下乘汽车由南京去奉化，面见蒋介石。蒋问：“西安方面的意见怎样？”李志刚把杨虎城给蒋的信递送上去，而后说道：虎城和东北军、17路军负责人开了两次会，他们一致要求让张先生先回去。蒋介石摇头说：“我在西安上飞机时，张汉卿要送我回南京，我劝他不要来，他一定要来，我只好听他来，那时由他也由我。他到南京后要想回去，就不能由他，也不能由我。他住在这里，你可以去看他，问他是不是那样？” 蒋介石这次还真的让李志刚去看望了张学良。张告诉李志刚：“蒋先生是不会让我回去的，回去会增加他不喜欢的力量。请告诉虎城，多容忍。要团结。我估计除非全国抗日，东北军还存在，可以利用我在东北军中发挥作用时，我才有可能出去，否则是不能出去的。” 到这时，张学良终于明白，扣留他不放的不是别人而正是出于蒋之本意。 李志刚在这次与蒋介石见面中，直言不讳地追问了蒋对抗日的态度。李说：“他们极关心委员长对抗日的政策问题。”蒋介石一听就来了气，几乎是狂吼着说：“杨虎城不学无术，不看我的《庐山军训演讲集》，不了解军训的精神，不懂得我的意向，怎么你们也不帮助他看呢？你们也不懂得吗？”随后又转换语调对李志刚说：“你切实告诉虎城，只要他听我的命令，我就一定对得起他们。”蒋介石还再三嘱咐李志刚，把他的话立即电告杨虎城。 杨虎城在收到李志刚来电的同时，亦收到张学良19日的来信。张在信中表示，断不可以他个人的出处作为解决当前问题的焦点。指出：“目下最要者，能本上次瑞峰带去之甲项办法立即实行，以免夜长梦多，或者违反我等救国不祸国之初衷。”他盼杨“以大仁大勇之精神，躬为倡导，毅然实行”。于是，三方面商定，按照张学良意见，接受甲案。杨虎城于24日致电蒋介石作出了同意甲案的表示，但此时蒋介石已将陕事交顾祝同全权处理。 22日至24日，蒋介石两次打电报给顾祝同和刘峙，交待谈判条件。这些条件，综合起来有七项： 一、“中央军”本月28日以前暂驻原防地。 二、东北军、17路军须于本月28日前撤至泾阳、成阳、雩县以西地区；徐海东、陈先瑞在陕南各部应同时撤至陕北。2月5日以前，“中央军”进至成阳至宝鸡一线，接防完毕。 三、“中央军”本月29日进驻西安与成阳之线。 四、东北军可酌留1师约3团至4团兵力暂驻西兰公路成阳至邪州一段。 五、17路军可酌留1团至2团兵力驻西安附近，但其驻地由行营指定，并于“中央军”到达西安时，17路军驻西安部队暂时集结于王曲与新城二地，以免误会。 六、张副司令之出处与名义，须待西北问题完全解决时另定之。 七、对第三者部队（指红军撰者注），准由杨主任秉承顾主任之意，设法接济。 西安与南京双方的谈判于1月24日正式拉开帷幕。西安方面的代表是米春霖、谢珂、李志刚，南京方面的谈判代表是顾祝同。第一次谈判，在潼关举行。这次谈判的重要问题，西安方面由杨虎城、于学忠、何柱国、王以哲、董英斌等商定，必要时邀请周恩来共同商讨。南京方面，以顾祝同和他的参谋长赵启骤为主，重要问题请示蒋介石。 当时，顾祝同在火车上办公。西安代表去时，他正集合各路司令官作出准备打仗的姿态。谢珂见状很不满意，首先作了措辞强硬的发言。他说：“蒋委员长在西安答应停止内战，一致抗日，既有诺言在先，军队就应东开，准备抗日，为什么'中央军'反而西进，是不是又要来打内战？东北军和17路军对此非常激愤，假若压迫太甚，一定要打仗的话，我们是有准备的。” 顾祝同说：“西安方面既表示接受国家领导，就应该服从国家的命令，国家有统一调度军队之权，现在国家要你们拆除二华防线，'中央军'进驻西安，17路军调驻渭河以北地区，东北军调驻邠县以西一直到兰州地区。你们不听国家命令，反而在二华增兵布防，这就是不服从国家领导的表现，所以才进兵解决。” 谢珂又说：“在张学良将军未回西安以前，'中央军'是不能西进的。” 双方各执一词，谈了3个小时毫无进展，最后商定两天之内可以继续谈判。 由于双方谈判一开始即出现僵局，顾祝同转而又与何柱国会谈。何柱国向他提出两点要求，都是关于军队布防的，一是在西兰公路上东北军驻一个军；西安附近17路军驻两个旅。顾祝同对此两点未表异议，并于其后向蒋介石发电请示两个问题： 一、红军移动时发给若干经费，总需30万（至少）至50万元。 二、西安事件中已用之费600万彼方请予核销，可否准许200万元。 此时，杨虎城对于和谈成功寄予很大期望。听完谈判代表的报告后，他说：“只要国家政策有转变，我们是不愿意打仗的。”他担心东北军以释放张学良为谈判先决条件，将把事情弄僵，于是加派曾在黄埔军校任外文秘书、与顾祝同