Chapter 11 Chapter 11 Send Jiang?Deduction?Chiang Kai-shek's treachery

★Zhang Xueliang thinks sending Chiang is risky, but it is wise. "One catch, one send" is a good story through the ages, and it can also help Chiang regain his prestige and attack the arrogance of the pro-Japanese faction in Nanjing ★"Trinity" tried its best to prevent Zhang Xueliang from sending Jiang to Nanjing. Miss Zhao Si hoped to use her children's affection to keep her husband, but Zhang Xueliang made an unchangeable decision, and no one can pull him back ★Xi’an’s concerns became reality: Zhang Xueliang was immediately detained upon entering Nanjing, and his innocence turned into guilt; Chiang Kai-shek played double-handed tactics, claiming to be “pardoned” but actually withholding Zhang indefinitely

Yang Hucheng had just agreed to release Chiang under Zhou Enlai's persuasion, and Zhang Xueliang made another surprising decision: send Chiang Kai-shek back to Nanjing.This move is a bit like the plot of Dou Erdun setting up a team to release (Huang) Tianba in the old play, which has a certain legendary color and cannot be connected with the harsh political reality.What's more, Zhang Xueliang was facing Chiang Kai-shek who had no faith at all, so it was indeed a risky move to send Chiang. Another protagonist, Yang Hucheng, who co-launched the Xi’an Incident with Zhang Xueliang, expressed his incomprehension. He said to his subordinates afterwards: “After releasing Jiang in such a hurry, he still had to accompany Jiang. Jiang, but you can't just let it go like this.

The representatives of the CCP in Xi'an also disapproved of Zhang Xueliang's approach.Zhou Enlai thought that Zhang Xueliang's move was too impulsive, and he sighed and said: "Oh! Zhang Hanqing just watched those old dramas and watched them badly. Now he not only wants to 'set up a team to send Tianba', but also to 'plead guilty'!" Bogu also It is believed that Zhang Xueliang's sending off Jiang was a Don Quixote-like behavior, an behavior driven by the abnormal psychology of heroism. Didn't Zhang Xueliang consider the consequences if Chiang Kai-shek didn't talk about his faith?

Of course, Zhang Xueliang would not ignore it, but in order to realize the original intention of resisting Japan, he knew the dangers, but went forward bravely without hesitation. This is Zhang Xueliang. ★Zhang Xueliang thinks sending Chiang is risky, but it is wise. "One catch, one send" is a good story through the ages, and it can also help Chiang regain his prestige and attack the arrogance of the pro-Japanese faction in Nanjing For Zhang Xueliang, sending Jiang away was not a hasty move, but a long-term consideration.After detaining Jiang, Zhang Xueliang considered the issue of sending Jiang away.

On the morning of the 12th, Chiang Kai-shek was detained and sent to Xincheng Building.Yang Hucheng didn't want to see Jiang, so Zhang Xueliang said to Yang, "Not only do we want to see him, but we also have an agreement, and we also want to send him back to Nanjing." After the three sides agreed on the policy of peacefully resolving the incident, Zhang Xueliang's idea of ​​personally sending Jiang back to Nanjing became more concrete. On the 19th, Zhang Xueliang sent a telegram to The Times reporter Fraser, saying: "When he (Jiang) returns to Beijing, I am ready to go with him and stand in front of the people of the country for a calm and fair trial."

During the negotiations, at a cadre meeting of the Northeast Army, Zhang Xueliang revealed to Zhou Enlai that he was going to personally send Chiang back to Nanjing. Zhou said: I'm not in that mood.Jiang was released for the purpose of cooperating in the resistance against Japan, so there is no need to send Jiang away. Politics is steely and ruthless. Jiang has always only allowed literati to oppose him, and never allowed warriors to oppose him. Deng Yanda's murder is a proof. Zhang Xueliang didn't say anything after hearing this. Zhou Enlai disapproved of sending Chiang, mainly for the sake of Zhang Xueliang's safety. At this time, he had not considered that once Zhang sent Jiang to be detained, the "Trinity" united front in the northwest, the Northeast Army and the 17th Route Army, the two anti-Japanese armies, would be especially dangerous. It is a major influence that restrains Chiang Kai-shek from fulfilling all his promises in Xi'an.

In Zhang Xueliang's view, Zhou's worries were unnecessary.He thought that his move to send Chiang was very clever. First, it is conducive to urging Chiang Kai-shek to fulfill his promise to stop the civil war and unite to resist Japan, so that Chiang will not go back on his word.Zhang Xueliang realized that although Chiang Kai-shek verbally agreed to their conditions, he was not willing but forced; although Chiang Kai-shek fulfilled his promise with a personality guarantee, it was all on paper. It's not worth much, he doesn't want to fulfill it, "If you want to tear it up after you go back, you can tear it up! Now he is here, he ordered the 'Central Army' to withdraw from Tongguan, He Yingqin may not necessarily obey, we forced him to give the order, and he did, why not Listen, what can we do? Even if He carried it out, the soldiers withdrew temporarily, and when he returned to Nanjing, he ordered the troops to be dispatched again, and the soldiers came back, so what can we do to him?"

Therefore, Zhang Xueliang believed that by sending him back to Nanjing in person, Chiang Kai-shek could see that Zhang was trustworthy and fulfilled his promise to send him back to Nanjing as long as he stopped the civil war and unitedly resisted Japan, so he urged Chiang Kai-shek to keep his promise Zhang's promise.Zhang Xueliang said: "I sent him there personally, which also means to collect debts from him, so that he can't go back on what he promised us." The second is to give Chiang Kai-shek enough face and help him restore the dignity of the leader.Chiang Kai-shek was the dictatorial leader of the Kuomintang. Although there were many opponents in his political career, none of them succeeded.The Xi'an Incident launched by Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng was an exception, which eclipsed the image of the dictatorial leader.This is also the issue that Chiang Kai-shek considered the most after he was detained.

At the beginning of his detention, he did not talk to Zhang, did not change his stubborn stance, wrote a will to his wife and children, and made a gesture of "preferring jade to pieces", all based on maintaining his so-called leader image. After Duanna arrived in Xi'an, in order to fulfill Kong Xiangxi's mission of "seeing Chiang Kai-shek's life and death with his own eyes", Huang Renlin, who accompanied Duanna, negotiated repeatedly with Zhang Xueliang and reached an agreement: Huang could see Chiang, but he was only allowed to say how he was and how his health was. Otherwise, Huang would not be able to leave Xi'an.Both Jiang and Huang agreed to Zhang Kai's conditions.But after Zhang Xueliang led Huang into Jiang's bedroom, Jiang violated the agreement.He did not exchange a few words with Huang, but he wrote a letter to Soong Meiling asking Huang to take it back to Nanjing. The letter said: "Yu Jue sacrificed for the country, please don't worry about Yu. Yu Jue deserves to be my wife. He is definitely worthy of being a believer of the Prime Minister. Yu was born for the revolution, and he should die for the revolution. He will return his innocence to my parents in heaven and earth. He has nothing to say about family affairs, but Jingguo and Weiguo, The son of Yu is also the son of Yu's wife, look upon him as his own, to comfort Yu Ling, but Yu's wife must not come to Shaanxi." After writing, Chiang Kai-shek read it three times in a row in front of everyone, intending to make Huang remember it in his mind Even if the letter was detained by Zhang and Yang, he could dictate it to Song after returning from memory.Although this little trick was seen through by Zhang Xueliang, Huang Renlin was left in Xi'an after seeing Chiang, and Huang was not allowed to leave Shaanxi until after Chiang was released, but Chiang Kai-shek's move was to maintain his "leader" image to outsiders.

Chiang Kai-shek cried several times during his detention, one of which was because of his image as a leader.That was when the Song brothers and sisters were racking their brains for Chiang's early departure from Shaanxi after the negotiation was concluded. Chiang Kai-shek said: You just want to go back, what's the point of returning to Nanjing?Having suffered such a big setback in Xi'an, my reputation, status, and dignity were all ruined.After all, cry loudly.Whether this crying was intentional for Zhang Xueliang is another matter, but it reflects from one aspect that he attaches great importance to his dignity as a leader.

Zhang Xueliang saw through Jiang's thoughts, so he would rather take the risk himself than send Jiang back to fulfill Jiang's vanity. On December 24, after Zhang revealed the decision to send Jiang to the generals of the Northeast Army, the generals expressed doubts and asked him: "What does the deputy commander mean by personally sending Jiang back to Nanjing?" Zhang Xueliang solemnly replied: Yes, I plan to send him back to Nanjing personally.My move is higher than you think, and this move is to capture his heart.You must know that this incident has dealt a great blow to Chiang. We not only want to let him go now, but also support him as a leader and work with him in the future.So now we must not make things difficult for him anymore, we have to save face for him and restore his prestige so that he will be easy to meet people, talk and do things well in the future, that's what I mean by sending him off personally. The third is to defeat the conspiracy of the pro-Japanese faction.After the Xi'an Incident broke out, He Yingqin took control of the Nanjing National Government and made a decision to attack Zhang and Yang by force, trying to provoke a new civil war and profit from it.After several rounds, He found that the situation did not develop as he thought.When Chiang was detained in Xi'an and unable to take matters into his own hands, the Nanjing National Government had made clear that Kong Xiangxi was the Acting President of the Executive Committee, Juzheng Acting Chairman of the Central Standing Committee, and Chairman of Chiang Kai-shek's Military Commission of the National Government. He Yingqin was not even given the temporary name of the chairman of the committee. Feng Yuxiang, He Yingqin, and Zhu Peide negotiated together, and the army was under the command of He Yingqin.Although He Yingqin has the real power to command the army, it is impossible for him to monopolize power like Chiang Kai-shek, because his power is only within the military committee, and he cannot get involved with the party and government departments. Even for military issues, he is only one of the seven standing committee members, and many important matters The Central Committee of the Kuomintang, the Central Political Council, and the Military Commission of the Nationalist Government must make a collective decision, not He Yingqin's personal decision. Without this collective decision, He Yingqin can hardly move forward. On December 16, the Central Political Conference of the Kuomintang clearly stipulated: "From today onwards, all propaganda shall absolutely comply with this resolution, and shall not be slightly violated. Those whose personal remarks are inconsistent with the resolution of this case shall not be published." "The way to discuss it in the future should absolutely follow the resolution of this case."Such a pattern is very obvious. Even if Chiang Kai-shek dies, the power left by Chiang must be shared, and not all fall on He Yingqin. He Zizhi couldn't compare with Wang Jingwei, Hu Hanmin or even Li Zongren and Yan Xishan. Even if something happened to Chiang Kai-shek, he couldn't easily add the dragon robe.In order to take the initiative in the future distribution of power, He Yingqin thought of Wang Jingwei as his collaborator. His layout was that Wang would first control the party and government, and he would hold the real power and lead the army, and then fully take over when the time was right. Therefore, He Yingqin called Wang Jingwei, welcoming him back to China to "preside over the central plan".Wang Jingwei was overjoyed when he received the domestic telegram, and hurriedly called to book a boat ticket to return to China on December 22, and issued a statement expressing support for the Kuomintang Central Committee's handling of the incident, and praised "all the decisions of the Central Committee on this matter are the compass for dealing with the incident." , declaring that "I will return to China early and go to the national disaster together."Wang Jingwei was eager to return to China, not just to help He Yingqin, he had his own considerations, that is, "in the capacity of the chairman of the Central Political Conference, to replace Chiang Kai-shek, lead the Kuomintang, and lead the whole country." The activities of He and Wang have been clearly revealed.Zhang Xueliang thought that keeping Chiang Kai-shek in Xi'an would make the hostage useless, and sending Chiang back would cause internal conflicts in Nanjing, at least making Wang and He unable to grasp the real power, "suppressing the arrogance of the Nanjing reactionaries so that they would not Well, let's say something bad." Fourth, sending Chiang is the best way for Zhang Xueliang to go to Nanjing to work with Chiang Kai-shek in the future.Zhang Xueliang, who was a senior official of the Nanjing National Government and one of the military and political officials, would inevitably have to deal with Chiang Kai-shek in the future, so sooner or later he would go to Nanjing.If Jiang is not sent due to security concerns, it will arouse Jiang's greater suspicion and the possibility of being detained in the future will be greater.This is by no means alarmist. In the history of fighting against political opponents, detaining political opponents is the usual method of Chiang Kai-shek. Hu Hanmin was detained in 1931, Li Jishen was detained in 1932, and Han Fuju was detained and shot in 1938... Another way to avoid being detained by Chiang is to follow the path of Li Zongren, not to go to Nanjing, not to participate in meetings organized by Chiang Kai-shek, and to maintain a semi-independent state.Hu Hanmin followed the same path, staying in Guangzhou and refusing to go north to Nanjing, thus maintaining his restraint on Chiang; Han Fuju also followed the example of Li and Hu, but only once did not resist Chiang’s invitation to participate in Chiang Kai-shek’s He organized a military meeting, but was detained in Luoyang and executed immediately.Wang Jingwei returned from Germany at the end of 1936 with the expectation of regaining power. He first lived in Shanghai, but he also failed to withstand Chiang Kai-shek's invitation and returned to Nanjing. Mao Zedong had the foresight to prevent being attacked by Chiang Kai-shek.In August 1936, he called Zhang Xueliang and said: In view of the experience of the Guangdong and Guangxi Incident, Nanjing can no longer go. However, Zhang Xueliang at this time could not follow Mao Zedong's suggestion, nor could he follow Li Zongren's path.Because he still had illusions about Chiang Kai-shek, he still had an inseparable connection with Chiang Kai-shek for a while, that is to say, he detained Chiang Kai-shek because he opposed Chiang Kai-shek's policies, but he did not oppose Chiang Kai-shek personally.The anti-Japanese war he envisioned was under the leadership of Chiang Kai-shek.This kind of policy orientation based on working with Chiang Kai-shek is naturally impossible to foresee the problem of breaking with Chiang, so it is impossible to imagine not going to Nanjing. Zhang Xueliang asserted: not sending Chiang Kai-shek back to Nanjing can prevent Chiang Kai-shek from detaining him for a while, but not permanently avoiding him. If Chiang Kai-shek wants to arrest and kill him, he can do it at any time. Instead of being in a passive position, it is better to take the initiative to come to the door. Zhang said: "He is the leader. How can I keep away from seeing him for meetings and business affairs in the future? He invited me to Nanjing, can I avoid it? Isn't he able to take measures to detain me in the same way? If he decides to detain me He will be able to do it sooner or later. If we are afraid because of this, we will not be able to work with him in the future. It is not enough to be afraid of danger, but not afraid of danger may be able to avoid danger. In the spirit of selflessness and fearlessness, we will personally send him off Returning to Beijing has shown our sincerity, and it is much better than sending him away casually." From the perspective of working with Chiang Kai-shek in the future, Zhang Xueliang's idea may be reasonable, but the problem is that the Xi'an Incident is by no means a trivial matter. Detaining Chiang Kai-shek, a dictator in Xi'an, humiliated him and almost killed him. Can you let it go?Can he let go of such humiliation?Under such circumstances, is there still a basis for Zhang and Jiang to work together?Zhang Xueliang thought that his purpose of initiating the Xi'an Incident was pure and selfless, and his intentions were kind, but could Chiang Kai-shek treat Zhang and Yang with the same mentality?If so, he would not be Chiang Kai-shek.This is why Zhang Xueliang did not have a deep understanding of Chiang Kai-shek and did not consider this matter carefully enough. The fifth is to send Jiang Nai to imitate the stories of the ancients and perform a good show that has been passed down through the ages.In Chinese history, there are many touching stories about turning enemies into friends, shaking hands and making peace, and emphasizing righteousness over profit. In the Han Dynasty 2,000 years ago, there was an allusion that the old general Lian Po "pleaded guilty to the thorn". unfavorable.Later, Lian Po repented, so he went to see Lin Xiangru with a thorn stick on his back, humbly admitted his mistake, and asked for punishment. As a result, the general and the prime minister were harmonious, and Zhao Guo became more prosperous. Zhang Xueliang was obviously influenced by the ancients. On December 24, he personally told Sun Mingjiu, the head of the guard regiment, that he would personally send Chiang Kai-shek back to Nanjing, and said: "He is the chairman of the committee. I will not send him back. How can he lead the anti-Japanese war?" .I caught him, and now I send him back, it's 'one catch, one send'. When I arrived in Nanjing, he sent me back again, it's also 'one catch, one send'. Wouldn't it be a beautiful story through the ages." Zhang Xueliang is not too much compared to Lian Po, but Chiang Kai-shek is not Lin Xiangru, he does not have Lin Xiangru's mind, he is a narrow-minded person.Zhang Xueliang is very clear about this.He once told such a story about Chiang with his secretary Li Youwen: Before the Northern Expedition, Chiang once wrote a letter with inappropriate content to Xu Ruwei (Xu Chongzhi), a veteran of the Kuomintang.Later, when Jiang became the commander-in-chief, he thought that this letter was a burden to his reputation, so he sent someone to clear up and wanted to return the letter, and Xu promised to return it.But when the original letter was returned, Jiang carefully observed that there were traces of thumbtacks on the four corners of the letter paper.Knowing that the photo had been taken, he returned the original letter to Xu, and the two have been at odds ever since. Zhang said that Jiang was too suspicious, and he was the one who would avenge all grievances. At that time, Zhang compared Chiang Kai-shek with Zhang Zuolin. He said: "Generalissimo (referring to Zhang Zuolin) has great talent but no general plan. Mr. Jiang has general plan but no great talent." boldness. Knowing that Chiang Kai-shek could not have Lin Xiangru's mind, he still insisted on performing the modern "General and Prime Minister's Harmony" again. What kind of consideration did he have? Zhang Xueliang believed that he had "three trump cards" that made Jiang dare not hold him: first, there was the unity of the "Trinity".The unity of the Northeast Army, the 17th Route Army, and the Red Army is not only a powerful political force, but also a powerful military force. Its existence threatens Chiang Kai-shek's dictatorship.The purpose of Chiang Kai-shek's trip to Xi'an was to dismantle the "Trinity" so that they could be defeated individually, but the unity of the "Trinity" defeated Chiang Kai-shek's plot.In the process of peacefully resolving the Xi'an Incident, the "Trinity" became more united and stronger, which made Zhang Xueliang believe that there was a "Trinity" and Jiang dared not act rashly.Zhang Xueliang said: I am not a bare-boned person, can I engage in the Double Twelve Incident by myself?We have the strength of the Northeast Army and the unity of the "Trinity", so what are we afraid of? (As long as) everyone is well united, I think I will be back in a few days. Second, there is an exchange condition for returning to Xi'an.During the Xi'an Incident, more than a dozen military and political officials in Nanjing, such as Chen Cheng, Wei Lihuang, Wan Yaohuang, etc., and dozens of aircraft were detained at the same time.Zhang Xueliang believed that as long as a dozen of Chiang Kai-shek's generals and planes were not released, Chiang would not dare to detain him.Zhang Xueliang said: We are still detaining more than a dozen generals from Nanjing, can they detain me!They won't let me come back, can we make it here! Three, he has a good relationship with Jiang, Kong and Song.Zhang Xueliang believed that he had no malice towards Jiang personally. Kong Xiangxi and the Song brothers and sisters still owed him favors on the issue of Jiang's release, not to mention that both Jiang and the Song brothers and sisters guaranteed his safety. Later facts proved that none of Zhang Xueliang's so-called "trump cards" played a role enough to make Jiang dare not detain him.The "Trinity" political and military force he relied on the most, after he left, because his own army, the Northeast Army, had formed a leadership core headed by Zhang Xueliang for a long time, and other people did not command it. Soon the Northeast Army disintegrated.The Northeast Army is the largest military force in the "Trinity". Once it split, the 17th Route Army lost the basic conditions to compete with the Central Army.Even though the Communist Party has done a lot of hard work to maintain the unity of the "Trinity", it cannot intervene in the internal affairs of the two militaries after all. The "Trinity" was dismantled, and Zhang Xueliang's protective umbrella ceased to exist.The military and political officials and planes in Nanjing detained in Xi’an were originally the last bargaining chip to ensure Zhang Xueliang’s safe return, but Zhang Xueliang did not make good use of it. As soon as he arrived in Luoyang, he obeyed Chiang Kai-shek’s order to send Yang Hucheng a power call and ordered him to be released; to Nanjing It didn't take long to agree to Nanjing's request to return the plane.All these things were done before he had any safety guarantee, and since then he has completely lost his safety guarantee. ★"Trinity" tried its best to prevent Zhang Xueliang from sending Jiang to Nanjing. Miss Zhao Si hoped to use her children's affection to keep her husband, but Zhang Xueliang made an unchangeable decision, and no one can pull him back On the morning of December 25, although the meeting between Zhang and Yang was not very pleasant, the opinion of releasing Chiang was formed after the reconciliation of Zhou Enlai, the representative of the Communist Party of China.However, the specific date for letting Chiang go was not discussed at the time. Zhang Xueliang made the decision to send Jiang away from Xi'an on the afternoon of the 25th after the meeting between Zhang and Yang on the morning of the 25th. Although he had ordered the Song brothers and sisters to prepare their luggage on the morning of the 25th, there was still an important issue unresolved at this time: Yang Hucheng's attitude.The city of Xi'an was guarded by Yang's army, and Zhang's army had only the guard regiment stationed in the city.Therefore, fundamentally speaking, the issue of releasing Chiang had to be decided by Yang, and Yang's attitude determined whether and when Chiang could be released.Before negotiating with Yang, Zhang Xueliang thought that if Yang Hucheng agreed to release Jiang unconditionally, he would decide the specific time to send Jiang away. If Yang did not agree to let Jiang go immediately, he must find another way to send Jiang away secretly. Fortunately, after this negotiation, Zhou persuaded Yang Hucheng to agree to release Jiang immediately.After Yang Hucheng agreed to let him go, Zhang Xueliang immediately decided to send Jiang Lishan to Beijing that afternoon. This decision was made in secret, and the only people who knew about it were Chiang Kai-shek, the Song brothers and sisters, Duan Na, Yang Hucheng, and Zhang's bodyguards, adjutants, and Miss Zhao Si. Yang Hucheng was officially notified at around 2:00 p.m. that day. Zhang Xueliang called Yang Hucheng to his home and told him, "I can't go now! I have long nights and dreams. I don't know what big trouble will happen. I decided to send the Chairman to Nanjing today." Yang was stunned when he heard this. Although he had agreed to release Jiang, he did not expect Zhang Xueliang to be in such a hurry and to deliver Jiang himself. This made Yang worry about Zhang's safety.If that happened, the unity of the "Trinity", the unity of the Northeast Army, and the good situation in Xi'an would also be weakened or even disintegrated.Therefore, he urged Zhang not to send Jiang off in person. Zhang said he was determined.He also explained: "I can't help but expect accidents to happen. If Jiang really makes a mistake, the ending will be out of control."Yang Hucheng was moved by Zhang Xueliang's true feelings for Chiang Kai-shek, and reluctantly agreed to his proposition. Yang Hucheng asked, "How many days will you return to Xi'an?" Zhang Xueliang replied: "Try to come back within three days, and no more than five days at the latest. If I can't come back, the Northeast Army will be completely under your command from now on." Speaking of this, Zhang handed over the pre-drawn warrant to Yang Hucheng .The contents of the warrant are: In this short 50-character warrant, there were several clerical errors in succession: the word "Hucheng" was mistakenly written twice as "Tiger Minister", and "Xiaohou" was wrongly written as "Xiaohou".The writing is also not standardized. After the signature, an additional sentence "Yang Huchen acts as Yu's representative" is added. This sentence seems to be placed after "Command" and before "Sincerely", so that it is logical and in line with the norms.As for the ink marks similar to "le" or "?" that appeared at the end of the warrant, later generations have no way of searching for their meaning. The original of this warrant was provided by Zhao Xinhua, who was Zhang Xueliang's secretary in Chengchang, in 1983.Zhao is from Xinmin County, Liaoning Province. After Zhang Xueliang was imprisoned in Nanjing, he was assigned to work in Xuezhong's Northeast Army. In 1945, Yu Xuezhong was transferred to another post, and Zhao Ye immediately offered to resign. Before leaving, Yu Xuezhong asked him to take something as a souvenir, and Zhao expressed his hope for some things from Zhang Xueliang.Yu Xuezhong immediately picked out several photos of Zhang Xueliang and a lithograph of Zhang Xueliang's warrant before he left Shaanxi, and gave them to Zhao Xinhua. Zhao Xinhua preserved these cultural relics of Zhang Xueliang for half his life as if he had found a treasure. During the "Cultural Revolution", although these cultural relics were confiscated as "black materials", according to the clues provided by Zhao, the Chinese Revolution Museum is still in the Xinmin County Archives, Liaoning Province The warrant was found. After being appraised by relevant departments and experts, it is confirmed that this warrant is authentic, and it is the only handwriting of Zhang Xueliang's incident in Xi'an that has been found in mainland China so far.At the same time, this warrant was also the last order left by Zhang Xueliang before he left Shaanxi. It can be seen from this warrant that Zhang Xueliang made the decision to send Jiang to Nanjing and prepared extremely hastily for possible situations after sending Jiang to Nanjing, and his ideological struggle and psychological attitude were also very intense and complicated. The second person to know the news was Zhao Yidi, Miss Zhao Si. Zhao Yidi's ancestral home is Lanxi County, Zhejiang Province. She was born in Hong Kong in 1912. She is the fourth daughter of Zhao Qinghua, a wealthy businessman in Hong Kong and later the Deputy Minister of Communications of the Beiyang Government. She is known as Miss Zhao Si. In the autumn of 1926, when Zhang Xueliang led the 34th Army Corps of the Anguo Army to fight in Henan, he was introduced by his secretary Feng Wuyue, who was also Zhao Yidi's brother-in-law, and met Zhao Encounter, and they fell in love quickly, making their steadfast love a legend in modern Chinese history. In 1928, Zhao Yidi and Zhang Xueliang began to live together.At this time, Zhang Xueliang and Yu Fengzhi, who was two years older than him, had been married for 8 years and had children.For such a marriage without the name of his wife, Zhao Yidi was under tremendous pressure from the family and the society. She could sacrifice her status for love, but her family could not tolerate it.His father, Zhao Qinghua, published the "Revelation" in the newspaper, clearing Zhao Yidi from the Zhao family tree. "Revelation" said: The ancestor of our family, Qing Xiangong, was a descendant of the Southern Song Dynasty.It has been bestowed on the Federation of Literary and Art Circles by the emperor in the past dynasties, and local officials have offered sacrifices in the Spring and Autumn Period. Even the former president and prime minister of the Republic of China also presented plaques. What an honor!Unexpectedly, the fourth daughter, Qixia, was bewildered by freedom and equality, and eloped without knowing where she was going.According to Article 19 and Article 22 of the ancestral hall regulations, its name should be removed. The hall is one of the ancestral halls, and it should be reported to the head of the ancestral hall for execution in accordance with the family law.Afterwards, we will not be responsible for anything that happens as a result. This notice caused Zhao Yidi to be removed from the family tree of the Zhao family ancestral hall, and it also prevented her from returning to her natal family in Tianjin. When Zhao's father made this decisive decision, he couldn't have imagined that among his six sons and four daughters, only Miss Zhao Si, who was "dismissed" by him, was famous all over the world; The reason why we are still talking about the Zhao family and the name Zhao Qinghua is precisely because of Miss Zhao Si; the tombs of him and his wife were preserved and renovated after the "Cultural Revolution" catastrophe, and it is mainly because of Miss Zhao Si, Because of the combination of Miss Zhao Si and Zhang Xueliang.Those things that Zhao Qinghua felt "honored" back then, such as "descendants of the Southern Song Dynasty", the "Federation of Literary and Art Circles" awarded by the emperor, and the "plaque pairs" presented by the president and prime minister, in today's view, are just for the world to understand Miss Zhao Si The family background provides some information.It was Zhao Qixia, the so-called "corrupted" family tradition of Zhao Qinghua, who really brought glory to the ancestors of the Zhao family in Lanxi! In order to fall in love with Zhang Xueliang, Zhao Yidi did not hesitate to be expelled from the house; after she got acquainted with Zhang, Zhang Xueliang was very moved by her dedication to love Zhang more than anything.Decades later, when Ms. Fu Honglin, a Chinese-American writer who wrote his biographer, asked Miss Zhao Si, Zhang Xueliang still said: "She is the best to me!" Even so, on the issue of sending Jiang away, Zhang Xueliang resolutely rejected Miss Zhao Si's request to stay. That day, after Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng agreed to send Jiang to the airport at 3:30 p.m., they drove back to the mansion in the spare time and briefly explained the situation to Zhao Yidi. After hearing this, Zhao Yidi firmly disagreed. She said: "You can't go, you can't go to Nanjing! Once you arrive in Nanjing, you will be the chairman of the committee!" Zhang Xueliang responded: "I rescued Chiang Kai-shek several times, and my kindness is extraordinary. I don't intend to repay these, but he, Lao Jiang, will not repay his kindness!" Zhao Yidi retorted: "In the matter of Xi'an, the great kindness of the sky was blown away. You said that you didn't harm him, but you always mentioned him! Doesn't Lao Jiang even understand this!" Zhao Yidi When it comes to emotion, there are already tears in my eyes. Zhang Xueliang comforted Zhao Yidi and said: "Little sister, I know what's on your mind, but I've thought about it all. Let's take a step back and say that even if I suffer a little bit of grievance, as long as I go here, I can win the whole country's unanimous resistance to Japan and restore our lost land in Northeast China." , I, Zhang Xueliang, don’t regret it either!” After saying this, without waiting for Zhao Yidi to reply, he hurried to his son Lulin’s bed, kissed his sleeping son’s little cheek, and then hurried downstairs. Zhao Yidi saw that Zhang Xueliang couldn't be stopped, so he had to let the two children stand in front of the special car that had already started, hoping to impress Zhang Xueliang with his children's affection. The daughter begged bitterly: "Father, you can't go, you can't go!" After speaking, she lay down on the ground, blocking the way of the car. His son Pingping also followed his sister's example and lay down on the ground. Zhang Xueliang did not show being moved by love.He quickly took out his pistol and shouted: "Stand up and get out of the way! If you don't stand up, I'll kill you right away! Don't worry about my affairs!" Seeing that Zhang Xueliang would not change his mind, the two guards hurried forward and dragged the siblings up to make room for the driveway.Zhang Xueliang jumped into the car and drove out of the house with a whoosh.The sad cries of the siblings came from behind the car. As the car drove away, Miss Zhao Si suddenly felt empty in her heart and didn't know what to do for a while.After waiting for a while, she felt that she should ask Mr. Zhou Enlai about this matter, so she called Zhou Enlai to explain the situation. Before Miss Zhao Si informed him that Zhang Xueliang had sent Jiang away, Zhou Enlai had already learned about the situation from Sun Mingjiu, the battalion commander of Zhang's guard. Sun Mingjiu ran to Zhou Enlai's place in a panic, and when he entered the door, he asked, "Mr. Zhou, do you know that the deputy commander and Generalissimo Jiang went to the airport together?" Zhou Enlai stood up in astonishment: "I don't know, when did you leave?" Sun Mingjiu said, "It's been ten minutes!" Zhou said very anxiously: "What's going on? Why didn't you come and tell me earlier?" Sun Mingjiu said, "I also just got the report from the guard." Zhou Enlai pulled Sun Mingjiu up: "Come on, let's go to the airport and chase him back!" After all, the two quickly boarded the car and drove away to the airport.When the car drove into Xiguan Airport, Zhang Xueliang's plane with Chiang Kai-shek had already taken off.Only Yang Hucheng was left alone on the tarmac, meditating in the cold wind. Why didn't Zhang Xueliang tell the important party of the "Trinity", the CCP and Zhou Enlai, when he sent Chiang to Nanjing?Decades later, in an interview with a Japanese NHK reporter, Zhang Xueliang revealed his considerations back then. ——Have you discussed with anyone about going to Nanjing? I decide for myself.But Yang Hucheng and the others wanted to hold me back. ——Have you not discussed it with Zhou Enlai? No discussion.But he knows.In order to stop me, he followed to the airport.Zhou Enlai was planning to persuade me to go back.He was afraid that something would happen to me in Nanjing.But I think that, as a soldier, my actions amount to treason.Conspiracy will be punished, and the death penalty will be sentenced to death. ——Did you see Zhou Enlai at the airport? When he came to the airport, I was already on the plane.So I set off for Nanjing without seeing Zhou Enlai. This dialogue shows that Zhang Xueliang not only knew that the CCP and Zhou Enlai opposed him sending Chiang, but also did not want the CCP to dissuade him from changing his mind, so he took the approach of avoiding the CCP. The first time Zhou Enlai dissuaded Zhang Xueliang was at a senior cadre meeting of the Northeast Army on the afternoon of the 24th, and Zhou was invited to attend the meeting.At the meeting, Zhang announced his decision to send Chiang himself.Zhou bluntly stated that "it is unnecessary." Zhang did not respond to Zhou's objection. In fact, "not responding" was a response, that is, he disagreed with Zhou's opinion, but in view of his close relationship with Zhou, he did not express it publicly. own opinion. Because Zhang did not accept Zhou's persuasion, Zhou Enlai repeated Zhang's work before Zhang Xueliang left, but it still had no effect.Bogu, who once participated in the Xi'an negotiations with Zhou, later recalled how Zhou discouraged Zhang. On July 24, 1938, American journalist Snow visited Bogu, chief deputy representative of the Eighth Route Army's Hankou Office.Bogu himself said: Zhou tried his best to persuade Zhang not to go to Nanjing.It was Zhang's own decision to go to Nanjing, and he did not say goodbye to Zhou and me who were living in his home before leaving. At noon on December 25, Zhou Enlai and Bogu agreed to have another talk with Zhang Xueliang, so they immediately wrote a note to meet Zhang Xueliang, and it was due at 2 pm. I don't know if the appointment note was not sent to Zhang on time, or Zhang Xueliang was eager to send Jiang away from Shanxi immediately, and had no time to meet with Zhou. In short, at 2 o'clock in the afternoon, Zhang Xueliang met with Yang Hucheng and scheduled to send Jiang off at 3:30, and then returned After saying goodbye to Zhao Yidi at the mansion, he left Xi'an with Chiang Kai-shek. In the short time after Zhang Xueliang returned to the mansion, due to the sudden visit of Li Tiancai, the director of the intelligence department of the Northeast Army Headquarters, Zhou Enlai and Bo Gu had to postpone the time they originally arranged to meet Zhang Xueliang. Zhang Xueliang's chance passed by, which also made Zhang Xueliang lose the last chance to change his mind. According to Zhang and Yang's agreement, at 3:30 p.m., Yang Hucheng arrived at Gao Guizi's mansion by car.At this time, Zhang Xueliang had already accompanied Chiang Kai-shek and others out of the gate. They took two cars, Zhang took one with Chiang Kai-shek and Song Meiling, and Yang took one with Song Ziwen and Duanna, and went straight to Xijiao Airport very secretly. At about 4 o'clock, the car stopped at Xijiao Airport.At this time, the two planes on the airport had already been ready, and Chiang Kai-shek stepped out of the car. He was wearing a black cloak, a top hat, and his face was livid.At the airport, there were more than 2,000 crowds gathered to welcome General Fu Zuoyi, the general of the Suiyuan Anti-Japanese War, to Xi'an.Chiang Kai-shek mistakenly thought that these crowds were specifically preventing him from returning to Nanjing, and he suddenly became nervous again. Chiang Kai-shek quickly said to Zhang and Yang: I agree to your conditions, and I promise to realize it with the "leader's personality". Don't worry, if you can't realize it in the future, you don't have to recognize me as your leader.I agree to your conditions, and I will repeat it again: (1) The troops that have been ordered to enter the customs will be transferred out of Tongguan from the 25th.If there is another civil war from today onwards, I will be personally responsible. (2) Stop the civil war, concentrate China's strength, and unify the outside world. (3) Reorganize the government, concentrate talents from all sides, and accommodate anti-Japanese ideas. (4) Change the foreign policy to achieve unity with all countries that sympathize with China's national liberation. (5) The release of the arrested leaders in Shanghai will be ordered immediately. (6) Generals Zhang and Yang are fully responsible for the military affairs of the Northwest provinces. If there is a civil war before today, you are responsible; if there is a civil war after today, I will be responsible.From now on, I will never "suppress the Communist Party".I am wrong, I admit it; you are wrong, you must also admit it. 蒋介石对张、杨重申了六项承诺之后，转向张学良说：“我们兄弟二人大仁大义，绝不抱怨，将来历史上记一笔，流芳百世。”张学良听了颇为激动，再次表示要亲自陪蒋去南京。蒋介石欲擒故纵：“我们兄弟二人能互相谅解，你到南京就不好办了，他们打你的主意，我就遗臭万年了。”意思是劝张不要送他。 此时，张学良动了感情，越发觉得非亲自送蒋不可。后来，他对此一重要时刻的送蒋思考作了回顾，在1937年2月田雨时随何柱国、王卓然去溪口探望张学良时，张回答田的提问中系统地道出他送蒋的理由： （一）“兵谏”有俾国是，所商圆满，挺身赴京，理所当然； （二）防止大计有变，毋宁护驾前往，目睹一切落实； （三）……澄清国际、国人、舆论的误解，增强政府和蒋先生的威信； （四）无个人安全、被报复的顾虑； （五）……万一变卦，……就算“负荆请罪”； （六）既容纳谏，国事有望；纵即不利于小我，绝非所计。 蒋介石在机场发表的谈话，当时的《西北文化日报》和《解放日报》都作了报道。 蒋讲话之后，与杨虎城等人握手告别，急匆匆地和宋美龄、宋子文、端纳登上一架飞机，飞机轰然发动，立即滑向跑道。张学良与他的随从副官、卫士也登上另一架飞机，紧随其后跟着起飞。 张学良就这样离开了西安，离开了他父子两代创建的东北军，从此告别了政坛，告别了军旅生涯，在他的前面漫长的幽禁生活即将开始。 ★西安方面的担心变为现实：张学良一入南京立即被拘，无罪成有罪；蒋介石玩弄两面手法。明为“赦免”实则已无限期扣张 12月26日下午12点20分，蒋介石在其夫人宋美龄、顾问端纳的陪同下，由洛阳飞抵南京光华门机场。国民政府主席林森暨各院、部、会等党国要人都等候在机场迎接他。 蒋介石走下飞机，向林森一鞠躬，和站在前面的一些大员握了握手，一言不发，即去明故宫机场，与前来欢迎的2000多群众见面后径自回邸。 一路上，40万南京市民拥上街头，欢迎蒋“脱险”回京，全城沸沸扬扬，热闹非凡。夜幕降临，进入石头城，一路上鞭炮噼噼啪啪响成一片，不绝于耳。 蒋介石发现，尽管自己被扣在西安两个星期，可他仍然是南京国民政府的主宰。况且，他现在已经成为中国真正的领袖，连中共也表示在抗日的前提下服从他的领导。此时的欢迎场面，使蒋感到自己的威望甚至比以前更高了。 蒋介石飞抵南京1个多钟头之后，张学良由宋子文、端纳陪同也飞抵南京。 但以送蒋回南京为使命的张学良，却被阻止乘坐蒋的座机，为什么张乘坐的飞机不能与蒋相伴而行呢？这还叫什么送蒋？ 原来，飞机中途在洛阳逗留时，河南绥靖主任刘峙、军分校主任祝绍周、航空学校总队长毛邦初等都来拜望，张学良心里的一块石头终于落了地，他感觉到委员长的安全不再有危险了，因而坦然入睡，很快鼾声如雷。他太疲劳了，两个星期以来，他从未睡得这样香甜。 而此时，已经逃出“虎口”的蒋介石却怎么也睡不着。他在盘算着回京后如何行动。他想到，当初他从洛阳来西安的时候，后面跟着一大串军政要员，指挥着数十万人马，准备猛扑陕北，一举“剿灭”红军，是何等的不可一世，威风八面！如今却这样偃旗息鼓地秘密离开，又不得不答应停止内战，一致抗日的六项条件，这“最高领袖”的面子还往哪里搁？这堂堂委员长的威信还值几个钱？越想他越觉不甘心，就这样，还未回到南京，蒋介石报被扣之仇的险恶计划就逐渐形成了。 当飞机从洛阳起飞前，蒋看到张学良跟随其后来到舷梯跟前，就扭头对他说：“汉卿，你回西安吧，不要再送了，南京有人对你不谅解啊！” 张学良答道：“委员长，学良到南京的决心已无法改变……” 蒋介石挥了挥手说：“那你不要同我坐一架飞机了。” "why?" “我回南京，肯定会有人组织欢迎，有些话可能不那么中听。你还是同子文乘另一架飞机吧。” 张学良沉默了。 蒋介石的飞机走了大约1个小时，张学良才与宋子文、端纳上了另一架飞机。这就是说，张学良不能与蒋介石同机飞抵南京，张乘坐的飞机又晚了1个多小时才到南京，是事先安排好的。 张学良对于这种安排不能不有所考虑，而宋子文和端纳可能事先已经得知这种安排，因而，本来十分友好的三个人，在飞机上却再也找不到共同的话题了。端纳面无表情地目视前方，张学良和宋子文都阴沉着脸。三个人难以言传的尴尬充满了机舱的每一个角落。张学良还发现，他的飞机起飞后，立刻有9架战斗机腾空而起，前面2架，后面跟着7架。这种“护航”的架势比给蒋介石的飞机4架战斗机护航超出1倍还多，更使张学良生产了一种不祥的预感。 飞机在南京降落时，进一步加重了张学良的预感。此时，欢迎蒋介石的人群早已散去，呈现在他们面前的只是散落遍地的纸花、彩带、爆竹屑。显然，这里刚刚为蒋介石举行过一个隆重的欢迎仪式。 此时迎接张学良的，只有4台汽车。前来迎接的人中，除了宋子文的近亲、张学良的三四名东北军旧部外，身份最高的便是军政部接待处的一位主任。 张学良心中涌出一股酸楚。 此时非彼时呀！ “子文，看来我只有住在你家了。”张学良对身旁的宋子文说。 “这是当然的啦！”宋子文理解张学良此时的心情，故意显得十分高兴地说。 更出乎张意料的是，张学良住进宋氏公馆以后，戴笠即带着宪兵、特务把这所住宅包围起来，除了宋子文家人之外，其他人进出都受到了限制。也就是说，张学良踏进宋宅之后实际上就被软禁了！ 蒋介石回到南京后，在机场稍稍露了一下面，就从公众的视线下消失了。对于公众来说，也许认为蒋被扣的两个星期，把他搞得筋疲力尽，现在终于又回到了自己安全的家，是需要好好地休息一下了。但此时的蒋介石是无论如何睡不着的，因为，这段时间太重要了，也太宝贵了，它决定着蒋的政权是否稳固，决定着能否把在他离开这段时间里分散出去的权力再夺回来。 蒋一到官邸，稍作休息即迅速掌握国内外的动态。他了解到： 在国际方面，苏联反对西安事变的态度是明显的；英美对南京国民政府是支持的；至于日本，它是反对南京和西安为抗日而妥协的，它所急于了解的是，蒋在西安有无妥协条件，条件中有无容共备战条款，故而对华政策一时不致有大的变化。 在国内方面，西安三方面的底，蒋介石已经清楚；国民党内各派系的态度，蒋介石的嫡系，包括孔、宋、陈在内，对蒋能平安回京当然额手称庆；黄埔、复兴系更是兴高采烈；亲日派取代蒋介石的幻想因蒋终于回京而破灭，也无法公然反对他；各地实力派在蒋被扣期间，大都中立观望，蒋回京后他们更加收敛。全国各地群众出于希望蒋介石领导抗日的愿望，都表示热烈庆祝，这足以使蒋介石认为，自己受到了全国人民的拥戴。 上述对蒋有利的形势，使蒋介石作出了扣押张学良的决定。 他希望利用张学良这张牌，分化瓦解西北“三位一体”，消除对其独裁统治构成的威胁；同时取晚于日本；更重要的是，报西安被扣的屈辱之仇。 在作出上述决定，也就是蒋介石回京5个小时之后，时间约在26日下午5点多钟，蒋介石才正式会见国民党中常委，各院的正副院长，各部会的部长、主任等。刚回国的邹鲁也参加了会见。 蒋介石简略地谈了西安事变，说张学良、杨虎城此举，固属非是，但能使余归来，国本未受动摇，国法、人情皆需两尽。他又说：“此事本人也有责任，应向中央引咎。” 蒋介石这段谈话恰到好处，既把惩办张学良的问题提了出来，但处处还留着活口。既讲了张的问题，也讲了自己也有责任。既讲了张的责任系于触犯“国法”，又讲了这个罪责没有动摇“国本”，需要照顾“人情”。这说明，蒋在处置张的问题上此时还有顾虑，他还要看看形势的发展再做决断。 张学良到了南京自然是成了“笼中之鸟”，听凭发落，已经对蒋没有任何威胁了。蒋介石所关注的是尽快稳定南京的政局。他召见了何应钦，说：“我已经回来，讨逆军总部是不是可以结束了呢？”何应钦本来一直兴冲冲地准备打仗，在宋氏兄妹去西安和谈后，他仍于12月24日颁布了《讨逆军总部组织大纲》，并由国民党内部抽调200人，组成4个前线工作队。25日，何还在军事委员会报告潼（关）、长（安）、渭北、蓝田三路军事进攻的准备情况。蒋介石当面这一问等于宣布讨逆军总部的撤销，没有了讨逆军总部，他这个总司令当然下台。军权重又回到蒋介石的手中。 政府方面，孔祥熙在蒋回南京后知趣地自动卸去行政院代理院长的职务，并于28日发表通电。按照在西安所作的辞去行政院长职务的承诺，蒋介石则签呈国民政府及国民党中常会，请辞行政院长一职。结果，两大机构照例做足了官样文章，国民政府明令“应毋庸议”；国民党中常会第31次会议也作出“恳留”决议。蒋介石依旧执掌着南京国民政府的军政大权。 回过头来，蒋介石开始整饬他的嫡系。他对复兴社重要负责人贺衷寒、邓文仪、刘健群大发脾气：“我还没有死，你们就不听我的话了。”讲出这样严重的话的背后是，蒋对贺衷寒及复兴社在事变中拥戴何应钦任讨逆军总司令一事深为不满，尤其对贺衷寒把复兴社内部情况告诉了何应钦，并把组织名单送给何看等事难以容忍，扬言要停止复兴社的活动。贺衷寒对此一失误承担了责任，被免去政训处处长的职务，以示惩处；晏道刚、曾扩情也因在西安事变中的表现而丢了官，蒋介石亲自手谕军委会：“晏道刚、曾扩情不尽职责，不知廉耻，着即撤职查办。” 因在西安事变中“救驾”有功而得到提拔的有戴笠、郑介民。戴笠以后还成为军统的头子，抗战胜利后才因飞机失事而摔死。 在被扣西安期间，对蒋介石的权力和生死威胁最大的是亲日派。回到南京之后，蒋即开始对亲日派动手，先是从何应钦手中夺回军事指挥权，接着又免掉张群的外交部长职务。他这样做收到了一举两得之效，既兑现了与西安方面达成的清除亲日派的承诺，又报了亲日派图谋取其而代之的仇。但是，蒋介石也不想做得过分，因为亲日派后面是日本，激怒了日本会马上爆发全面的中日对抗。所以，他依然保、留了何应钦的军政部长职务，张群改任内政部长后，因其不愿干这个闲差，蒋又改任他为中央政治委员会秘书长，以后一直是蒋的重要智囊人物。 正像张学良此前所设计的那样，张送蒋回南京这一举动，对维护蒋介石的威信确实起到了积极作用，对南京亲日派也是一个很大的打击。这个打击表现为，蒋介石平安地回到南京，不仅使亲日派借机夺权的幻想破灭了，而且蒋介石接受张、杨“团结抗日，一致对外”的主张，也对亲日派所奉行的亲日反共政策以很大的冲击。 凡事有利就有弊。张学良的南京送蒋之举，虽有打击亲日派之效，但也使他进一步得罪了亲日派。他们认为，是张学良的“兵谏”导致蒋改变国策，又是张学良的放蒋、送蒋使他们的一切努力归于徒劳。改变目前不利局面的方法，就是开罪张学良，这又是一个“一箭双雕”，通过发动一场惩治张学良的运动，既惩办张学良这个“祸首”，取悦了蒋介石，又达到推翻西安三方面与蒋介石达成的和平协议。于是，一场针对张学良的风潮在京城刮起。即使主张抗日的元老派张继，也说张学良“劫持统帅，大逆不道”，主张严惩。还有的公开提出，要对张处以极刑。 蒋介石也明白，这场反张学良的风暴，是南京国民政府政治斗争的产物，是抗日派与亲日派斗争的继续。主张惩治张学良的，无非有两种人：一是亲日派，图谋通过把张、杨举动描绘成“犯上作乱”的“叛逆”，来改变蒋介石同意的团结抗日的政策；二是一些政治投机分子，希望利用“张学良牌”取悦蒋介石。 蒋介石固然知道团结抗日的承诺不能反悔，团结抗日是中国的希望，也有利于巩固他自己的权位，同时这也是一张有效的“外交牌”，对日本具有某些牵制作用。但是，主张惩办张学良的声音，却迎合了他的报复心理，有利于他扣押张学良。 老谋深算的蒋介石，巧妙地利用了这种舆论。他不仅一步一步地把扣押张学良的计划付诸实施，而且给人造成一种自己勉为其难、不得已的样子甚至在很长一段时间内张学良都信其所言所行。 首先，他发表了《回南京通电》和《对张杨的训词》，并公诸报端。通电中说： 经此次事变，我全国同胞一致爱护国家之热烈，已显示伟大无比之力量。此种伟力，在今日为奠定危局之主因，在将来必为我民族复兴成功之保障。此则中正愧疚之余，敢为国家称庆者也。 训词中说： 此次西安事变，实为5000年历史绝续之所关，亦为中华民族人格高下之分野，不仅有关中国之存亡而已。今日尔等既以国家大局为重，决心送余回京，亦不再勉强我有任何签字与下令之非分举动，且并无任何特殊之要求，此不仅我中华民国转危为安之良机，实为中华民族人格与文化高尚之表现。中国自来以知过必改为君子。此次事变，得此结果，实由于尔等勇于改过，足为我民族前途增进无限之光明。以尔等之人格与精神，能受余此次精神之感召，尚不愧为我之部下。尔等所受之感应，尚能如此迅速，则其他之人更可知矣。 几与国家民族有利者，余决不有丝毫自私之心，且无不可以采纳，亦无不可以实行。中央数年以来之政策方针，亦在和平统一，培养国力，团结人心，不忍毁损民族之力量。故此次事变，尔等将余居西安，则引起战事之责任，即应由尔等毁坏纲纪之举动负之…… 蒋介石发表的《通电》和《训词》，意在说明他的人格伟大，他能够回京是因为他的精神感召了张、杨。 尚且不管蒋介石这种说法有何根据，但他刻意回避与张、杨进行的谈判与达成的协议却是不容置疑的。试想，如果不是各方和平斡旋、反复谈判，张、杨会放他吗？如果他不答应西安的条件，张、杨会放他吗？如果不是中共和周恩来周旋于张、杨之间，他能顺利回到南京吗？ 回避他所同意的谈判条件，是为了他的领袖面子呢？还是准备日后反悔？毛泽东从他的《通电》和《训词》中洞察到蒋的用意。为了逼迫蒋介石兑现他在西安的承诺，防止他撕毁协定，12月28日，中共中央军委主席毛泽东发表了《关于蒋介石声明的声明》，对蒋介石所谓的“训词”进行了剖析。毛泽东评论《训词》“内容含含糊糊，曲曲折折，实为中国政治文献中一篇有趣的文章。”毛泽东指出： 蒋氏果欲从这次事变获得深刻的教训，而为建立国民党的新生命有所努力，结束其传统的对外妥协，对内用兵，对民压迫的错误政策，将国民党引导到和人民愿望不相违背的地位，那末，他就应该有一篇在政治上痛悔以往开辟将来的更好些的文章，以表现其诚意。12月26日的声明，是不能满足中国人民大众的要求的。 毛泽东在声明中还公布了蒋介石在西安已经答应的六项条件，指出，蒋介石是因为接受了这些条件才恢复自由的，并警告蒋介石： 今后的问题是蒋氏是否不打折扣地实行他“言必信，行必果”的诺言，将全部救亡条件切实兑现。全国人民将不容许蒋氏再有任何游移和打折扣的余地。蒋氏如欲在抗日问题上徘徊，推迟其诺言的实践，则全国人民的革命浪潮将席卷蒋氏以去。 毛泽东的声明公开了西安谈判的内幕，使蒋介石企图美化自己、掩盖真情的图谋大白于天下。 受到毛泽东批判的《对张杨的训词》，实际上是杜撰出来的。它的执笔人是国民党中央党部秘书长陈布雷。蒋回到南京以后，找来陈布雷，由蒋口述主要内容，陈执笔代蒋草拟了这个“训词”。此文写完以后经蒋介石过目，当晚即由国民党中央通讯社用电讯通稿形式向各大媒体发出，27日就在南京国民政府控制的各种报刊上刊登。为了使人们相信《训词》的真实性，发表时所加的按语说：这是蒋介石在离开西安前，亲自对张、杨口授，并由宋美龄笔录下来的。 但明眼人一看便知，这是假的。因为，释蒋的时间是25日下午2点多张学良约见杨虎城后才定下来的，定下后，已快3点，张学良马上回公馆与赵四小姐告别，而杨虎城也回去作了一些准备。3点30分左右，张学良准时来到高桂滋公馆，而杨虎城较晚一点来到高桂滋公馆，他到的时候已经看到张把扶着蒋走出高宅的大门，准备登车了。于是，他们马上出发，4点钟就到达了西郊机场。也就是说，自定下送蒋时间后，张、杨便没有与蒋会面的时间，怎么能聆听蒋的所谓“训词”呢？ 后来，宋美龄在回忆录中对此事的描述，也证实了他们离开西安时是匆忙而紧张的。宋美龄写道： 正焦虑间，子文忽入门，携来喜讯，城防司令杨虎城已同意我等成行矣。张曰：“日去暮矣，曷勿明晨迳飞南京？”余呼曰：“尚欲等候耶？离此愈快愈佳！岂将等候彼之改变