Chapter 5 The fifth chapter is the country?Survive?Generals Zhang and Yang succeeded in detaining Jiang

★How can Jinlan's personal relationship replace the righteousness of the nation, indecision is the taboo of military strategists.Zhang Xueliang's slight hesitation caused the top-secret military plan to be nearly aborted.The harsh reality educated Zhang and Yang again. ★Zhang and Yang were tight inside and loose outside, and deployed troops urgently.Chiang Kai-shek disregarded everything, feeling that he had pushed his opponent into the "death spot".The secret wrestling between the two sides has entered the final showdown stage ★At 6 o'clock in the morning, the battle to detain Jiang started, and Jiang was captured in the cave at 8 o'clock.It took only two hours for the city to end the military remonstrance operation.Chiang Kai-shek's order to withdraw and deploy the Northeast Army finally became a dead letter

Big changes are imminent, and Zhang Xueliang is in extreme conflict. He had contacts with Chiang Kai-shek for nearly 10 years.After his father-marshal was killed by the Japanese army, he insisted on changing the flag, followed Chiang Kai-shek, and made great contributions to Chiang Kai-shek's realization of the "unification" of the country; during the Central Plains War, he ignored the opposition of the generals of the Northeast Army and led the soldiers to mediate. At the most critical time, he helped Chiang to establish the ruling position of the central government; during the September 18th Incident, in order to resolutely implement Chiang Kai-shek's non-resistance order, he did not hesitate to abandon his hometown, his family wealth, and the foundation of his father and son. Jiang's back was notorious as a "non-resistance general".Of course, Chiang Kai-shek also gave him glory and status, and he always has a feeling of gratitude to Chiang.He regarded Chiang Kai-shek as an elder, and Chiang Kai-shek also regarded him as a junior. The first lady Song Meiling and his wife Yu Fengzhi even sworn sisters.Although he spoke very casually with Jiang, and sometimes quarreled unavoidably, Jiang did not care about it as seriously as he did with other figures with different military strengths.

Zhang Xueliang and Chiang Kai-shek came through this complicated relationship. However, this time the political dispute made him unable to make concessions.He wants to fight against the outside world first and then secure the inside, but Chiang wants to secure the inside first and then fight against the outside world.Although on the surface this is just a change in order, it involves patriotism, saving the country, or betraying and subjugating the country.He has national hatred and family hatred with Japan. Before leading the Northeast Army to fight back to his hometown, it is an impossible choice for him to give up the resistance against Japan, and it is also an unshakable life principle of him.

He also deeply understood Chiang Kai-shek's difficulties.Chiang struggled with the Communist Party for more than ten years, and always regarded the Communist Party as a serious threat, and the social and political reality at that time proved that only the Communist Party could contend with Chiang, making it difficult for Chiang to "suppress the Communist Party" and Jiang wanted to consolidate his dictatorship He will inevitably find ways to weaken the ability of the Communist Party to challenge his dictatorship. However, understanding does not equal support.Compared with the survival of the nation, compared with the righteousness of saving the people from fire and water, personal power desires and grievances and hatreds are insignificant and can be put aside.If it was just for personal reasons, Zhang Xueliang could not want anything, he could give up everything.A few years ago, Zhang Xueliang had voluntarily left the field in order to keep Chiang Kai-shek, and Zhang Xueliang had revealed his feelings to Chiang Kai-shek more than once: "For the chairman, I, Zhang Xueliang, can sacrifice everything!"

Today's Chiang Kai-shek has driven Zhang Xueliang to a dead end for his own selfishness. Today's Zhang Xueliang, for the sake of national justice, finally had to take the crucial step of forcing Chiang to resist Japan. ★How can Jinlan's personal relationship replace the righteousness of the nation, indecision is the taboo of military strategists.Zhang Xueliang's slight hesitation caused the top-secret military plan to be nearly aborted.The harsh reality educated Zhang and Yang again. As mentioned earlier, Zhang and Yang formally decided on the evening of December 8 to arrest Chiang.Taking this day as the time when Zhang Xueliang finally made his remonstrance is relative to the final success in capturing Jiang.From Zhang Xueliang's later dictation of declassified materials, it is known that the operation to capture Chiang had already begun before this, but it was unsuccessful.

It was December 1st before Chiang Kai-shek came to Xi'an for the second time.Wang Huayi, a liaison officer of the Northeast Army sent by Zhang Xueliang outside, sent a "Huami" telegram from Wuchang, saying: He Chengjun secretly informed that when he was celebrating Chiang Kai-shek's birthday in Luoyang, he saw the draft telegram on Qian Dajun's desk. The content of the draft is to transfer the Northeast Army to Jiangsu and Anhui, and then to Fujian to isolate it from the Communist Party and Yang Hucheng. Please prepare for it. It turned out that after moving from Wuchang camp to Xi'an, Zhang Xueliang still kept Wang Huayi in Wuchang in the name of "Siwei Society" and the principal of Northeast Middle School, and actually made Wang Huayi responsible for collecting intelligence on Nanjing.That evening, He Chengjun, chairman of the Hubei provincial government, entertained military and political officials in Wuhan, and Wang Huayi was also invited to attend.After the banquet was over, he left Wang behind and told him the secret telegram he had seen in Luoyang.

He Chengjun met Zhang Xueliang when he went to the north to seek reconciliation between the North and the South during the Northern Expedition. The two often communicated with each other and had a very close personal relationship.Zhang Xueliang was convinced of the information he provided, and immediately called Yang Hucheng to study and decided to take action to capture Jiang, and drew up three plans for this: At first they planned to try to lure Jiang Ren and his car into the city of Xi'an, and then put Jiang under house arrest without knowing it; then they planned to set up an ambush on the way to rob Jiang under the pretext of inviting Jiang to give lectures at the Wangqu Officer Training Corps again. into the city.But at that time, the timing was tight, and these two methods were hasty and difficult to implement, and the Jiang faction in Xi'an had many forces, so the problem was not so simple.In the end, they considered that it was more certain to take Chiang Kai-shek simply by taking full-scale military action.

Although three plans were set up, they were only vague and rough plans. There was no further research on key issues such as how to capture Chiang, who to send to capture Chiang, and when to start action.Zhang Xueliang initially proposed that Song Wenmei, the commander of the 17th Route Army's special battalion, should complete the task of capturing Chiang. However, Chiang Kai-shek was stationed in the Northeast Army's defense zone, and the troops of the 17th Route Army would carry out this special mission across systems. There was a misunderstanding between them, so this plan was not adopted.

Just as Zhang and Yang were constantly sifting through various plans for how to capture Chiang more safely, Chiang Kai-shek finally broke the convention and left Huaqing Pool. On the morning of December 6, accompanied by Shao Lizi, he went to the southern suburbs of Xi'an.After urgent research, Zhang and Yang thought there was an opportunity to take advantage of it, so they decided to secretly arrest him on the way back to Lintong from the southern suburbs, escort him to the Xi'an Xincheng Building, and then discuss with him the issue of stopping the civil war and uniting in the resistance against Japan.

Zhang and Yang predicted that it would be about 12 o'clock when Chiang returned to Lintong and passed Xi'an. They set: to arrest Chiang near the South Pass of Xi'an. When his car passed by, soldiers ambushing on both sides of the road rushed out immediately to force him to stop and arrest him.At the same time, the Northeast Army sent troops to arrest Jiang Zhi's entourage stationed at Huaqing Pool in Lintong, and disarmed the guards near Huaqing Pool and on the spare train at Lintong Station.In Xi'an, the 17th Route Army was responsible for arresting Jiang's military and political officials, and disarming Jiang's forces in the Public Security Bureau, Gendarmerie, and Provincial Party Headquarters.

Regarding the mission of the 17th Route Army involved in this action plan, Yang Hucheng personally inspected it, and only waited for the Northeast Army to capture Chiang Kai-shek before he organized an operation in the city.But until 3 p.m., there was no movement of arresting Jiang. Yang Hucheng was afraid of accidents, so he hurriedly asked Zhang Xueliang.Zhang explained that he received a call from Nanjing at noon, saying that He Yingqin had come to Xi'an to meet Jiang that day and planned to arrest He together, so he temporarily changed the action plan.The first operation to capture Chiang was aborted before it could be implemented. The miscarriage of this operation reflected Zhang Xueliang's hesitation in capturing Jiang.The hesitation before the war is extremely worrying.A few months ago, because of Zhang's hesitation and uncertainty, he missed a good opportunity. That was after the outbreak of the Guangdong-Guangdong Incident in early June, Chen Jitang, Li Zongren, and Bai Chongxi sent secret telegrams to Zhang and Yang respectively, asking Xi'an to send troops for assistance.At this time, Japan's pursuit of "specializing North China" has become a reality.In order to protect themselves, Zhang and Yang sent envoys to Beiping, Taiyuan, and Jinan to inquire about the attitudes of various factions towards the Anti-Japanese War.The statements of all parties confirmed that once Japan attacked North China, Yan Xishan might surrender to Japan, Song Zheyuan would feign a shot and retreat, and the Japanese army would win North China and Shanxi without a fight. It will be difficult to form a unified anti-Japanese situation. By then, Xi'an will be in a very disadvantageous position.For this reason, Zhang and Yang agreed to look for opportunities to break Chiang Kai-shek's "peace at home and fight against foreign countries" policy, and promote the formation of a national anti-Japanese situation.The outbreak of the Guangdong-Guangdong Incident provided the possibility for the realization of Zhang and Yang's desire to resist Japan. In addition, representatives from Guangdong and Guangxi were stationed in Xi'an to lobby. Therefore, Zhang and Yang decided: (1) Zhang and Yang sent telegrams to Chiang Kai-shek respectively, saying: the Japanese invaders, the country will perish forever, and it is exhausting to use all the power of the whole country to save it. Incident, opposed the use of troops against Guangdong and Guangxi; demanded peaceful reunification, and jointly discussed the anti-Japanese plan. (2) If Jiang strikes against Guangdong and Guangxi, the Xi'an side proposes to stop all civil wars and convene a parliament to resolve state affairs, and telegraphs all military chiefs, provincial governments, and legal organizations throughout the country to seek opinions. (3) If Chiang continues to use troops against Guangdong and Guangxi, Xi'an will send troops to assist Guangdong and Guangxi.The military deployment is as follows: the Northeast Army is organized into the 1st Group Army, with Wang Yizhe as the head of the army, and two armies under its jurisdiction, advancing towards Zhengzhou and Wuhan as the main attack.The 51st Army of the Northeast Army stayed in Gansu and took on the task of guarding the rear, and strictly guarded Ma Buqing in Qinghai and Ma Hongkui in Ningxia. The 17th Route Army was organized into the 2nd Group Army, with Sun Weiru as the regiment commander, under the jurisdiction of the 17th Division, the 1st and 2nd Brigades of the Shaanxi Garrison, and marched from Luonan to Nanyang via Xiangyang to Hankou; the 42nd Division of the 17th Route Army served as Hancheng , Chaoyi, Dali, and the river defenses in the western part of Henan, and alert Shanxi to ensure the smooth flow of the Longhai Railway from Xi'an and Shanxian County to Zhengzhou: from Chunhua to Yaoxian County, from the east of Yaoxian County to the north of Hancheng, and invite the Red Army relieve. If this plan is implemented properly, it will form a north-south attack on Chiang, which will not only aid Guangdong and Guangxi, but also prevent Chiang from raising troops to commit crimes in the south, and it is very likely that Chiang will meet the Northwest's anti-Japanese requirements to a certain extent. However, Zhang Xueliang was in a dilemma in the face of internal opinions persuading him to wait and see, and Chiang Kai-shek's invitation to attend the Second Plenary Session of the Fifth Central Committee of the Kuomintang, and finally delayed the implementation of the decision.This wait and see gave Chiang Kai-shek the courage to use troops in Guangdong and Guangxi, and also dealt a fatal blow to Guangdong and Guangxi. The negative consequences of the two hesitations made both Zhang and Yang realize that if things go on like this, all previous efforts will be ruined. On December 7, Yang Hucheng said to Zhang Xueliang: "We must not lose the opportunity (referring to the last time the Guangdong and Guangxi incidents were lost), and we must not lose the hearts of the people (referring to the unanimous demand of the people of the whole country to stop the civil war and unite to resist Japan)".Zhang Xueliang also firmly stated: "We have done our utmost to Jiang Yeren for the sake of the country, and now there is only one way to do it." After Zhang and Yang made up their minds, they greeted their confidants and main senior generals respectively, and began to secretly arrange.But until now, there is still no confirmed launch time, which led to a false alarm on December 9, which almost missed the big event. That night, Zhang Xueliang arranged two activities: one was to go to Huaqing Pool to meet Jiang, and the other was to invite military and political officials in Nanjing to watch a play jointly with Yang Hucheng.At dusk, Song Wenmei, the commander of the 17th Route Army's Special Service Battalion, had something to do with Sun Mingjiu, the commander of the Second Battalion of the Guards of the Northeast Army.Since the two armies had made arrangements on December 6, Song Wenmei mistakenly believed that Sun Mingjiu's trip to Lintong was to carry out the mission of detaining Jiang.He quickly reported the situation to the 17th Route Army headquarters. After Yang Hucheng's secretary Wang Juren learned of the situation, he felt that the problem was extremely serious, and the occurrence was so urgent that Yang Hucheng had to be prepared.At this time, Yang Hucheng was entertaining senior members of the Jiang family in Nanjing to watch a play in the theater. After Wang Juren took him back to the headquarters to report the incident, Yang Hucheng thought of Zhang Xueliang's absence from the theater and the cancellation of the detainment of Jiang without notice last time. It is also possible that the army will start to move. After making such a judgment, Yang Hucheng believed that it was necessary to cooperate with the Northeast Army's actions. He followed the three tasks of the 17th Route Army previously agreed with Zhang Xueliang (disarming the Jiang faction in Xi'an, occupying the secret service agencies, taking over the Jiang faction at all levels, and detaining the Jiang faction. senior generals), made deployments.The deployment of troops of the 17th Route Army that night was: Kong Congzhou Department (a total of 3 regiments) and the Artillery Battalion of the 2nd Brigade of the Shaanxi Garrison of the 17th Route Army, commanded by Kong, assuming the tasks in Xi'an City; the Song Wenmei Department of the Secret Service Battalion (a total of 4 companies), As the general reserve team; 2 companies of the guard team surrounded the Yisushe Theater to detain the senior generals of the Jiang family, and served as a guard from Xincheng to Yisushe; Zhao Shoushan, commander of the 51st Brigade of the 17th Division, was stationed in Xincheng as a temporary commander. After Yang Hucheng gave the combat order, in order not to let the important members of the Jiang family see the flaws, he returned to Yisushe and continued to accompany the senior members of the Jiang family to watch the show.All the ministries of the 17th Route Army were dispatched at 8:00 p.m., and there were double posts at every street corner.At around 10 o'clock, there was still no news from Sun Ming's nine parties. Yang Hucheng suddenly became suspicious, and asked several gentlemen from Shaanxi to continue ordering plays to delay the time.It was only when Wang Ju found Sun Mingjiu that he found out that Sun Mingjiu went to Lintong to check the way instead of detaining Jiang.It was only then that the dispatched troops were quickly notified in the name of canceling the night military exercise, and were ordered to return to the organizational system immediately before dawn and return to the original place.A false alarm is finally over. That night, Yang Hucheng rushed back to the Sui Department at 1:00 am.He deeply felt that the hearts of the officers and soldiers of the two armies were fluctuating, and the detainment of Jiang was already on the verge of arrest, and he had to do so. If it was postponed any longer, once the troops lost control and there was a commotion, the whole plan would be exposed. In the early morning of December 10, he went to Zhang's mansion to study the matter at the request of Zhang Xueliang.Zhang Xueliang felt the same way as him.Therefore, the two coaches decided: complete preparations today; act on the evening of the 11th. Zhang Xueliang was able to quickly make up his mind to detain Jiang. In addition to the unexpected situation of the rehearsal of detaining Jiang on December 9, which objectively prevented the action from being delayed, the outbreak of the 12.9 incident in Xi'an for patriotic salvation was also an important issue. fuse. On the same day that the 17th Route Army conducted a rehearsal to detain Jiang in advance due to unclear circumstances, a large-scale anti-Japanese school strike broke out in Xi'an.This event was organized by the Northwest Special Branch of the Communist Party of China through the "Anti-Japanese Salvation Association of All walks of life in the Northwest".After Zhang and Yang learned about the situation on the 8th, they did not approve of the demonstration at first.They believed that the detainment of Chiang had already been decided. If this mass movement attracted Jiang's attention, Chiang would move to live in the area controlled by his direct line of troops.Second, if Jiang's troops shoot at the masses and they can't stop them, it's not good if there is a bloodbath.Therefore, Zhang and Yang suggested that the National Salvation Congress stop the parade.Zhang and Yang also decided that if it was necessary to hold a parade to save the National Congress, the 17th Route Army Special Service Battalion would stick to both sides of the parade along the way, separating Jiang's gendarmes and police outside and protecting the parade. But none of these suggestions were adopted by the parade organizers. The purpose of this large-scale demonstration organized by the Northwest Special Branch of the Communist Party of China was to use the opportunity of commemorating the first anniversary of the "12.Since Zhang and Yang's detainment of Jiang was carried out in a state of absolute secrecy, it was impossible to disclose anything to them; and they did not understand Zhang and Yang's action plan at this time, so they could not reach an agreement. However, the patriotic students themselves instituted safety measures.A picket team with 2,000 students was formed to maintain safety; a traffic team composed of more than 100 bicycles was formed to patrol back and forth and deliver information; two delegations were also formed to prepare for negotiations and publicity the masses. On the morning of December 9, 15,000 students from universities, middle schools and primary schools poured into the south gate of Xi'an City. When the parade marched to the East Street, they were intercepted by the Kuomintang military police. As a result, a warning stray bullet hit Jingcun Primary School. A 12-year-old elementary school student.When the news of the primary school student's death came out, the majority of the students were furious and demanded that Ma Zhichao, the director of the Xi'an Public Security Bureau, be severely punished. At about 10 o'clock, the grand opening ceremony commemorating the first anniversary of the December 9th Movement passed the "Declaration to Urge the Government to Mobilize All Troops to Resist Japan and Stop the Civil War."This "Declaration" stated: In view of the current crisis, our 450 million compatriots who do not want to be subjugated slaves should all make up their minds to die for the nation and the country.Our authorities should make the greatest determination to face the national calamity and sacrifice together with all the people. The "Declaration" also requires the authorities of the Nanjing Nationalist Government to "make a decisive decision and immediately mobilize the whole country to recover the lost ground. On the one hand, the 17th Route Army currently stationed in the northwest frontier and the Northeast Army that is going to fight back to their hometown will be dispatched, and the Sui Army will be sent to the north to help in the starry night; The Communist Party's military, and then discuss the plan to resist Japan and save the nation." After the meeting, the marching students sent representatives to the Northwest "Suppression General", the Shaanxi Provincial Government, and the Xi'an Appeasement Office to submit a petition.In order not to make Chiang Kai-shek suspicious, Zhang and Yang did not come forward to meet the student representatives.Although Shao Lizi, chairman of the Shaanxi provincial government, met with the students, he repeated the argument that "you should not forget to study when saving the country" and implicitly criticized the students for taking part in the patriotic movement. These remarks angered the students, and the marching army turned to Lintong to appeal to Chiang Kai-shek. Zhang Xueliang had no choice but to report to Chiang Kai-shek that the students went to Lintong to petition. Chiang Kai-shek was furious when he heard the news, accused Zhang Xueliang of allowing the student movement, and ordered Zhang Xueliang to stop it immediately, and use force if necessary.At the same time, he ordered Xi'an's secret service agencies, the 2nd Gendarmerie Regiment, the Provincial Public Security Department, the Xi'an Military-Police Joint Supervision Office, and the Provincial Party Headquarters to "find out and deal with" the student movement.When the military and police heard the news, they mobilized and set up machine guns on the soil slope near Baqiao, preparing to massacre unarmed patriotic young students.Fortunately, Zhang Xueliang arrived in time to avoid a bloody incident. Zhang Xueliang asked the students not to go to Lintong again. He asked the students to hand over the petition to him, and he would forward it to Chiang Kai-shek.He said to his classmates: "You don't have to go, you don't have to be beaten or shot. I can represent you, and I will definitely ask for you; I can represent Chairman Jiang, and I will definitely achieve your goals." Zhang Xueliang said: "Students! Classmates! I am deeply moved by your patriotic enthusiasm. In such a cold weather, you went to Lintong to petition Lintong without food. This made me personally uncomfortable!... Today I am sure To answer you, I, Zhang Xueliang, fought against the Japanese until my death. Not only are you now asking me to send troops and the government to send troops to Suiyuan, but I am also trying my best to ask the Central Committee for instructions... Everyone! If I, Zhang Xueliang, do not send troops to fight against Japan, I will be punished by you. I also accept it willingly.” The students were moved by Zhang Xueliang's sincerity. They shouted: "Support Deputy Commander Zhang to send troops to fight against Japan!" It is glorious to save the country!" Many students cried bitterly, and many soldiers of the Northeast Army shed tears. Zhang Xueliang couldn't help wiping away the painful tears. He once again assured the students: "Please believe in me, Zhang Xueliang. I have the same heart as you. The request is my request, maybe my request is more urgent than your request. Please go back, and within a week, I promise to answer your request with facts." Zhang Xueliang was excited by the crowd.That night, he urgently reported the students' request to Chiang Kai-shek, and he was moved to persuade him again.Unexpectedly, what he received was another reprimand: "Are you representing the students? Or me? Are you standing on the side of the students or the position of the state officials?" Zhang Xueliang was beaten back again by Chiang Kai-shek. Chiang Kai-shek was very dissatisfied with Zhang Xueliang's attitude towards the students.He wrote in his diary that day: "Hanqing reported to Yu that Baqiao spoke to the petitioners, and once said, 'I can represent you, and I can speak for you if I have something to say. He was very proud of himself, and Yu immediately corrected him, saying: "One person must not be the representative of two sides and stand in the middle. The so-called leader of faith should be like this"'. On this day, Zhang Xueliang's disappointment also reached its peak.On the second day after the Xi'an Incident, when he explained to his subordinates the reason for the military remonstrance against Jiang, he said: "I heard about the student parade in Xi'an on '12.9' beforehand, so I discussed it with Director Yang and Chairman Shao. I came up with various ways to stop it, and I proposed a few ways: ask the students to hold a commemorative meeting in the school, ask Chairman Shao to convene an expanded commemorative week, and ask the students to express it in words. If it is not enough, a parade must be carried out. Director Yang and I , Chairman Shao tried his best to dissuade them from going to Lintong anyway. I really tried my best to resolve the student movement. If Chairman Jiang hadn’t ordered the police to shoot and suppress them with force, which infuriated the crowd, I don’t think the students would have insisted on going to Lintong. After the students went to Lintong, I stepped forward regardless of my own interests, and luckily persuaded the students to come back. However, Generalissimo Jiang blamed me for not using force to suppress them, and he publicly stated that he told the police to shoot, and if the students went further, he would order Use machine guns to fight! Are our machine guns aimed at Chinese people? Are our machine guns aimed at students? Generalissimo Jiang made the above two statements. Director Yang, other generals of the Northwest Army and myself all confirmed his proposition It must not be changed easily..." So, "he made a decisive decision" to implement "military remonstrance" and use force to force Jiang to change. ★Zhang and Yang were tight inside and loose outside, and deployed troops urgently.Chiang Kai-shek disregarded everything, feeling that he had pushed his opponent into the "death spot".The secret wrestling between the two sides has entered the final showdown stage December 10.This day is a very important day for Chiang Kai-shek, Zhang and Yang. Since Zhang Xueliang's handling of the student movement deviated from Jiang's original intention, it again aroused Jiang's dissatisfaction.On this day, Chiang Kai-shek held a military meeting without Zhang Xueliang, and made his final decision to resolve the Zhang and Yang issues. As the most suspicious dictator of the Nanjing National Government who started his career as a military machine and as a hero of a generation who had an important influence in modern Chinese history, Chiang Kai-shek could not but consider that this decision meant that Zhang, Yang The hope of the two armies demanding an immediate nationwide anti-Japanese war was shattered, and one had to consider whether Zhang and Yang, who held heavy troops in their hands, would make a desperate resistance. What was Chiang Kai-shek thinking about? He believes that Zhang Xueliang's remonstrance time and time again is an expression of loyalty to him.This kind of loyalty started from the Northeast Army's "Change of Flags" and has remained consistent for the past ten years.Zhang Xueliang himself also said, "Everything is disobedience to the leader, and nothing is not loyal to the committee." Therefore, Chiang Kai-shek took strict precautions against Yang Hucheng. When he was stationed in Xi'an, he would rather choose Zhang Xueliang's defense area Huaqingchi, which was 25 miles away from the city, than live in Yang Hucheng's defense area in Xi'an. In the city. On this trip, Chiang Kai-shek only brought a close guard officer and a garrison team (platoon), not even Li Tiehan, the chief of the security team, and his 20 security personnel. The gate of Huaqing Pool was guarded by a strengthened company from the 1st Battalion of the Northeast Army Guards. The 1st Brigade and 3rd Regiment of the 105th Division stationed in Lintong sent a company to guard the Lishan Beacon Tower to control the commanding heights and guard Huaqing Pool. Although Chiang Kai-shek's Xi'an Gendarmerie regiment sent 80 military police to guard the inner courtyard of Huaqing Pool, but 40 of them were used to guard the special train at the railway station, and there were only 40 Jiang's troops in Huaqing Pool who were truly capable of combat. This kind of deployment shows that Chiang Kai-shek can still be said to be at ease with Zhang Xueliang and the Northeast Army. Chiang Kai-shek believed that having a strong military backing would ensure his personal safety.During the more than a month in Luoyang, he has made meticulous military deployments.A large number of troops have assembled in Henan. Liu Zhi, director of the Henan-Anhui Appeasement Office, is in Kaifeng to command the second-line troops.The forward Fan Songfu's army has passed Luoyang and built fortifications between Tongluo.From Ning, Gansu to Hanzhong on the west line, the "Central Army" has twelve or three divisions, and one division of the Wan Yaohuang Army has successively entered the strategically important Xianyang.Fan Jun and Dong Zhao's division are preparing to settle in Lintong.The armored train has been on standby on the Longhai Line.70 Martin-type aircraft have also been stationed in Xi'an and Lanzhou, of which 45 are parked in Xi'an, and some aircraft from Guangdong that have taken refuge in Nanjing will be transferred to make up 100 aircraft.In addition, 3,000 tons of bombs have been stored and gas bombs have been prepared.Faced with such a heavy army, if Zhang and Yang confronted him, it would be tantamount to hitting a stone with an egg and killing themselves. He believes that the Northeast Army and the 17th Route Army are in conflict and it is impossible to join forces.Before coming to Xi'an, Jiang's secret service agency reported a steady stream of information about Zhang and Yang.Among them, there are stories about the tense relationship between the Northeast Army and the 17th Route Army, Zhang and Yang's affair with the Communist Party, and so on.In Chiang Kai-shek's view, although the Northeast Army did "communicate with the bandits" in the Sui Dynasty, Zhang Xueliang himself would not "sincerely go to the communist party."Zhang Zhen, who knew the inside story of Chiang Kai-shek's decision-making, once said: "We first received information about Xi'an, saying that Zhang and Yang disagreed and looked like they were going to fight. The contradictions are bound to get bigger and bigger, and conflicts are inevitable in the end. Later, I got information that Zhang and Yang had a close relationship and appeared to be united against the central government. The committee judged this information as unlikely. Because Zhang No matter how you look at it, the two men, Zhang and Yang, could not unite. What's more, the Central Army was gathered in the Tongguan area at that time, and could advance to Xi'an at any time, but Zhang and Yang had very few troops in Xi'an, so how dare they resist the Central Committee? So the seat boldly flew to Xi'an." The reason why Jiang is "at ease" is whether he still thinks that he has his own confidants around Zhang Xueliang, and Zhang Xueliang's every move is under his own supervision.It turned out that after Chiang Kai-shek appointed Zhang Xueliang as the deputy commander-in-chief of the Northwest "Suppression General", he also appointed Yan Daogang, the director of his attendant office, as the chief of staff of the Northwest "Suppression General". The Northwest "Suppression General" Political Training Department, headed by the spy chief Zeng Kuoqing, was responsible for the political training of the Northeast Army, instilling in the Northeast Army soldiers the idea of ​​absolutely supporting Chiang Kai-shek and resolutely opposing the Communist Party, and was responsible for supervising and investigating the Northeast Army and the 17 At the same time, a large number of spies entered Xi'an to spread rumors and sow discord between the Northeast Army and the 17th Route Army.This made Chiang Kai-shek think that everything about Zhang and Yang was under his control, and he could deal with Zhang and Yang with ease. Chiang Kai-shek's senior staff and secret service system also considered such issues more than once.But except for Chen Cheng who reminded Jiang that "Xi'an is definitely not a suitable place for festivals", no one else doubted that Zhang and Yang would give Jiang a heavy hand. Shao Lizi, chairman of the Shaanxi Provincial Government, had a premonition that the emotions of the grassroots officers and soldiers of the Northeast Army were not right.He confided his worries when Yang Hucheng met him on December 8.He said: I feel that the situation is serious, and I am worried whether something like the "February 26" incident in Japan will happen.After hearing this, Yang Hucheng immediately said: There will never be such a thing.Later, Shao wrote in his recollection: "I was worried that the Northeast Army would be unstable or that there would be actions that would be unfavorable to Zhang. I never thought that Zhang would use his troops to detain Chiang, let alone that Yang would conspire with Zhang." The chief of the secret service once expanded his feelings and never thought that the Chiang Kai-shek incident would happen.During the incident, when he was awakened from his sleep, he thought that there was a military conflict between Zhang and Yang. It was not until he saw Zhang and Yang's power-on the next morning that he "suddenly realized it." Yan Daogang, Chiang Kai-shek's confidant and the chief of staff sent to the northwest to "suppress the general", only suspected Yang's mutiny after hearing the gunshots.No one ever thought about Zhang Xueliang. Zhang and Yang just took advantage of Chiang Kai-shek's misjudgment. On the one hand, they continued to step up military preparations in a state of high secrecy; Party members, creating a scene of singing and dancing, peace and tranquility. On the evening of December 10, Zhang Xueliang drove to Yang Hucheng's mansion in Xincheng alone, studied the political and military situation with Yang, and arranged for the "military remonstrance" operation.Zhang and Yang made the following judgments and arrangements for the political and military situation at that time: 1. Military aspects: The "Central Army" in western Henan is less than 100,000, and they are scattered along the line from Zhengzhou to Tongguan. If Chiang Kai-shek is detained, there is no possibility of the "Central Army" in western Henan immediately concentrating on attacking Shaanxi.At that time, the Tongguan pass must be ensured, and time should be gained to gather the Northeast Army and the 17th Route Army scattered in Shaanxi and the Shaanxi-Gansu border to Xitong Road. It will take about 5 days.The task of quickly occupying Tongguan can only use the Feng Qinzai Department of the 42nd Division of the 17th Route Army stationed in the Dali area.At the same time, ask the Red Army to send a unit into the Shangluo area to ensure the safety of the right side of Tongguan.It is estimated that it will take about 10 days for the Red Army to reach the area, but there is no "central army" in the Shangluo area, the Red Army moves quickly, and has a mass work foundation, which is completely suitable for the defense of the Shangluo area.In addition, the 8th Artillery Brigade of the Northeast Army stationed in Luoyang and the Sergeant Brigade of the Northeast Army of the Luoyang Army Branch School were ordered to occupy Luoyang, delaying the westward advance of the "Central Army".For the "Central Army" Wan Yaohuang Department (2 regiments) that had entered Xianyang, they were surrounded and disarmed by the 3rd Brigade of the 17th Army and Police.In Lanzhou, due to Xuezhong's 51st Army steadfastly defending, they also asked the Red Army to send a force into and out of Xilan Highway in Gansu to contain Hu Zongnan and other "Central Army" so that they would not dare to advance to Shaanxi. With such a deployment, the Red Army can be backed and the Qinling Mountains in the south to protect Guanzhong.There are only two divisions in Hanzhong, Wang Yaowu and Li Jilan, from the Jiang family, and they only need to guard the Baoji area to deal with them, and they are not threatened much.Because Chiang Kai-shek was detained in Xi'an, Nanjing must have some scruples; and because the Wan Fulin, Song Zheyuan, and Han Fuju troops were on the Ping-Han and Jinpu lines, threatening the Longhai line, it is estimated that the Nanjing authorities would not dare to take large-scale military operations. Not to dare to rashly go deep into Shaanxi alone, which is conducive to the rapid assembly of the Northeast Army and the 17th Route Army for effective defense. 2. Political aspects: The purpose of the "military remonstrance" is to stop the civil war and unite in the resistance against Japan. It is estimated that they will get the support of Li Zongren, Bai Chongxi in Guangxi and Liu Xiang in Sichuan.Due to the long distance, it is difficult to obtain their direct military support, but political sympathy and solidarity can also strengthen the momentum of "remonstrance".Song Zheyuan in North China and Han Fuju in Shandong have expressed their willingness to support them with troops, which is more powerful.As for Yan Xishan in Shanxi, he could at least remain neutral and would not threaten Hexi and Henan with force.After the uprising, the Northwest, North China, Sichuan, and Guangxi could unite and confront Nanjing, forcing Nanjing not to dare to attack Shaanxi with arms, and had to give up the policy of "to fight against the outside world, we must first settle the inside" and convene representatives from all parties to participate in the uprising. The National Salvation Conference organized the Anti-Japanese Coalition Government.After detaining Chiang, Chiang Kai-shek must declare to stop the civil war, jointly resist the Japanese, and ensure the current status of the Northeast Army and the 17th Route Army before he can be considered for release. Zhang and Yang also decided that the Northeast Army would be responsible for detaining Jiang in Huaqing Lake, and the 17th Route Army would be responsible for detaining Jiang's military and political officials and some armed forces in Xi'an. It was officially launched on the night of the 11th. After Zhang and Yang made deployments, they separately arranged for the two armies according to their respective tasks. Let me first talk about the Northeast Army that carried out the task of detaining Jiang in Huaqing Pool.In order to achieve the purpose of military operations, Zhang Xueliang authorized Liu Duoquan, commander of the 105th Division, as the commander-in-chief. The 3rd Regiment of the 1st Brigade of the 105th Division stationed in Lintong and the 1st Regiment stationed at the South Gate of Xi'an served as peripheral guards. The commander of the 129th Division Zhou Fucheng Peripheral Security Commander. On the evening of the 11th, Liu Duoquan, the commander of the 105th Division of the 67th Army, assigned the task of peripheral security to the 1st and 3rd regiments of the division, and ordered the headquarters to follow Zhou Fucheng's command. Break out and escape, and support the inside line at the right time.According to this, Zhou Fucheng deployed the 1st regiment to the east of Baqiao. At that time, it will surround the west and north of Huaqing Pool, occupy Lintong Railway Station, disarm the military police at the station, control traffic, and pay special attention to the direction from Baqiao to Lantian; the 3rd regiment Surround the east and south of Huaqing Pool, and set up a mobile force near Lishan Mountain, ready to support the inner line in due course. Zhang Xueliang's Second Battalion of Guards was responsible for the mission of inside operations, mainly to enter Chiang Kai-shek's Xingyuan in Huaqing Pool to complete the task of detaining Chiang.Tang Junyao, commander of the 2nd Brigade of the 105th Division, served as the interior commander. It is very critical to choose who will take on the task of capturing Chiang Kai-shek alive.Because Chiang Kai-shek was the military and political leader of the whole country at that time, detaining Chiang would be regarded as the next criminal; the surrounding area of ​​Huaqing Pool was heavily guarded, except for the first battalion of the Northeast Army Guards guarding the gate of Huaqing Pool and guarding the surrounding area, the second gate was full of Chiang’s guards, well-equipped , and loyal to Chiang Kai-shek, if the task cannot be successfully completed, it will definitely provide an opportunity for Chiang to escape; let him run away.Therefore, in the selection of candidates to detain Chiang, one must consider: 1. be bold and careful, and not be afraid to act just because you see Jiang; Zhang and Yang are loyal.You can neither use the public to report your own interests because of your enmity with Jiang, nor can you secretly communicate with Jiang and betray Zhang and Yang. At the beginning, Zhang Xueliang once considered Song Wenmei, the commander of the special battalion of the 17th Route Army, to take on this important task. Song also selected 250 trusted soldiers to prepare for this, but the disadvantage of the 17th Route Army taking on this task was that they did not熟悉蒋介石行辕的情况，而行辕周围的驻军概系东北军的部队，张担心两军配合会成为问题，弄不好还会引起东北军部队的误会，影响扣蒋任务的完成。 经过张、杨的反复考虑，最后确定由孙铭九、白凤翔、刘桂武3人共同执行扣蒋任务。作出这种安排，是因为东北军卫队二营是张学良的近侍部队，其营长孙铭九对张素来忠诚，还非常熟悉蒋的行辕的情况，便于应变。骑兵6师师长白凤翔是张学良一手提拔起来的，为执行这次任务，刚把他从固原电召到西安；刘桂武是绿林出身，张学良对他曾有救命之恩，他和白凤翔一样，机智勇敢，枪法极好，因在军官训练团学习时受到张的赏识，遂留在张的侍卫副官处供职。另外，还安排卫队一营营长王玉瓒配合，这是因为蒋介石行辕的外围警卫是张学良卫队一营担任的，吸纳该营长参加扣蒋便于行动指挥。 华清池扣蒋行动的3名具体实施者中，有2人对蒋住处及其周边环境不甚熟悉。为此，张学良先于10日上午安排白风翔、刘桂武到华清池面见了蒋介石；11日，又带着刘桂武去了一趟蒋介石行辕，以熟悉蒋的长相及行辕的地理环境。孙铭九营长也频繁地来往于临潼大道上，察看华清池周围的地形。考虑到西安华清池尚有25公里，为便于行动张学良还令特务2营1连连长王协一率领30名士兵赶到十里铺，与原驻扎于此的王振东排会合，到灞桥驻扎。11日上午，张又令向该地增加了1个连。 为防止意外，张学良始还补充部署了若干应变措施。他要求，凡是蒋介石与南京或与西安方面的通话，必须经过张学良官邸的总机接线，注意蒋介石与各方面通话的内容，一旦发现蒋有所觉察，或有特务或其他方面向蒋介石密告之情形，随时准备以两个加强连立即驰往临潼扣蒋。如果西安方面派兵来不及，即命令驻临潼境内的刘多荃部火速执行扣蒋任务。同时，派人调查国民党中央系统驻西安的部队、办事处、留守处的人员和武器装备情况，以便采取相应的对策。 至此，华清池扣蒋行动实施准备已经就绪，并于11日夜全部到位。 再说17路军。 此时，西安城内共有南京方面的军事机构120个，其中，有武装的42个，主要是：以杨镇亚为团长的宪兵2团，约1000余人；市公安局长马志超率领的公安部队，约2000余人；省公安处处长张坤生指挥的保安部队，约1000余人；公秉藩领导的交警部队，约1000余人；还有“中央军”驻陕各部的留守处和特务机关的零星武装，共计7000余人。 17路军的主力部队多在外县和“剿共”前线，驻在西安城内的只有以孔从洲为旅长的陕西警备2旅和绥署特务营、教导营、炮兵营、卫士队等少部分部队，而能够可靠掌握的官兵只有3000人。 针对兵力对比的实际情况，杨虎城指令陕西警备第2旅旅长孔从洲马上搞清西安城大街小巷有多少交叉路口，以便配置兵力，同时令孔在城内连续组织夜间军事演习，“按照中央体系军、警、宪、特驻地配置，他们1个营，你就放1个营；他们1个团，你就放1个团。分区演习，占领位置。” 连续两天的演习，基本摸清了西安城内蒋系武装的兵力、驻地及周围地形情况，相关部队也陆续进入了指定位置待命。 12月11日晚，杨虎城召集17师51旅旅长赵寿山、警备2旅旅长孔从洲、38军军长孙蔚如、绥署参谋长李兴中开会，正式部署17路军在西安城内的军事行动。确定：杨虎城与孙蔚如在绥署掌握全局，军事方面由赵寿山、李兴中负责，并委任赵寿山为总指挥。 杨虎城首先讲话：“蒋介石不顾民族危亡，一意孤行，坚持内战，竭力挑拨我们和东北军的关系。这次蒋介石召开军事会议，决定大举'剿共'，实际上也要消灭我们和东北军。我和张先生（学良）决定硬干，要干就彻底干下去，把蒋介石扣起来。我们分工负责城关的军事行动，包括西安车站、西郊飞机场，解除中央系统军、警、宪、特的武装，扣留西京招待所以及散住各处的中央军政要员等。临潼方面，由东北军负责执行。” 杨虎城接着宣布：一、17路军在陕北以及外县各部队，由孙蔚如拟定布防以及向西安附近集结计划；二、西安方面由赵寿山负责指挥警备第2旅、教导营、炮兵营、特务营执行任务；三、必须掌握足够的机动兵力，特别要注意防止中央系统特务武装的干扰捣乱，破坏秩序；四、必须于12日凌晨3时部署完毕，6时开始行动，8时解决战斗，10时恢复秩序。 杨虎城讲完之后，此次行动的总指挥赵寿山作出如下军事部署： “命陕西警备2旅孔从洲担任解除宪兵团、保安司令部、警察大队、省政府常驻的宪兵连和西关飞机场驻军的武装，并占领飞机场（当时蒋系在西安机场停有数十架战斗机和轰炸机）的任务，并以一部担任西安各街、巷口（东南一隅归东北军）的警戒。蒋方每一街巷口有一武装警察，我们即派武装士兵监视。为加强警备2旅的领导力量，增派许权中为副旅长。” “命炮兵营归孔从洲指挥，炮兵位置在北城门楼上，对西安车站警戒，准备轰击外来的蒋军。” “命西安绥署卫士队（2个队共200人）担任绥署及杨将军公馆的警戒。” “命特务营营长宋文梅率特务营及卫队各一部分士兵负责逮捕住在西京招待所的蒋系军政高级官员，特务营其余部队作为预备队待命。” “派绥署参谋处处长王根僧去教导营监视李振西，该营归我（赵寿山）直接指挥，担任警戒新城城防及解除新城东北几个警察大队的武装。” 在两军完成行动部署的同时，蒋介石也已着手做离开西安的准备。11日晚，他在临潼举行告别宴会，召集中央军将领和张、杨商议军事计划。在这个宴会上，张学良得知蒋介石要于第二天返回南京。真是巧啊，当12月8日张学良定下兵谏的决心时，蒋介石几乎同时作出了撤销张学良职务及调东北军去福建的决定；而今张、杨已决定在12日早晨6点实施扣蒋行动，而他却在张、杨作出决定的同一天宣布对红军总攻命令后决定翌日即离开西安，但令他料想不到的是，他的计划只是迟了几个小时，却注定无法实施而他也很难脱身了。 在这次晚宴上，蒋介石还发表了另一则消息，公布蒋鼎文、卫立煌、陈诚等人的新任职务。这就是说他已要解除张学良的兵权，众人对此用意早已心知肚明，张学良此前也早已经知道，但为麻痹蒋仍然装出十分生气的样子，对蒋说：“刚才委员长发表的三位总司令，他们的资历和身份都和学良不相上下，他们的防区又在现在三省'剿匪'总部的防区，紧紧接壤，在这小小的三省之间，竟有了4位总司令，将来作战的时候，如何配合，由谁指挥谁呢？”蒋介石听了当即大怒，当众训斥道：“屡次训示，你是军人，只要服从命令，不要再问什么？怎么？你又提出问题来了？” 张学良虽然受到了蒋的再次指责，但却充分发挥了麻痹蒋介石的作用。 蒋介石的晚宴到7点钟就结束了。之后，张学良又拉着这些军政大员到新城大楼，与杨虎城一起继续宴请款待，一直10点才席终人散。 送走了军政大员，张、杨留下来商定实行扣蒋的最后决定行动计划，并定于12日早晨6点两军同时行动。 决定之后，杨虎城郑重地表示：“坚决拥护并服从张副司令指挥。”张学良则说：“成功了大家共享，失败了我个人承担。”他又说：“我总指挥，你副总指挥，指挥部就设在新城”。之后，两人分头向所部传达，作最后的战前动员。 这时，蒋介石和国民党军政大员已经入睡，而张、杨及其两军的行动则刚刚开始。 张学良回到金家巷公馆之后，立即向已经等候在此的文武亲信正式宣布实施“兵谏”行动。参加这次会议的高级将领有：于学忠、王以哲、缪激流、刘多荃以及高级参议员鲍文樾等；文职官员有：“西北剿总”秘书长吴家象、办公厅主任洪舫、第4处处长卢广绩、西北政训处副处长黎天才以及抗日同志会书记应德田等。 张学良情绪激动地说道：“我们东北军有着数十万人马，本来是有足够力量同日寇一决雌雄的。可是我们丢弃了东北，丢弃了东北父老，从东北到华北，从华北到华中，又从华中来到西北，辗转奔波，流离失所，究竟落了个什么结果？我们不仅亡省亡家，遭受损失，而且背上了不抵抗的罪名，为全国人民所不能谅解。究竟是谁不抗日呢？到现在，罪名却由咱们背上了。我屡次请求委员长停止内战，一致抗日，共产党的问题应该用政治方法解决，'先安内而后攘外'是给日本造机会等，反倒多次挨他的训骂。最近我在洛阳痛切陈词，请求准许东北军去察绥支援打日本，他骂我是反革命。说什么他说是革命，违反他的意志，就是叛国反革命。骂共产党不要父母，说我也不要父母；骂共产党不要祖国，说我也不要祖国。在临潼拍桌子骂我，说：'等我死后你再去抗日'。逼得我连话也不能说。现在死逼着东北军继续去打内战'剿共'，不听他的命令，就调咱们到福建去。实在逼得咱们没办法了。我现在已与杨主任商量决定把他扣起来，逼他停止内战，一致抗日。” 接着，张学良起身宣布两项重要决定： 一、任命董英斌为总部代理参谋长。二、此次行动的具体部署是：以直属105师师长刘多荃为临潼行动的总指挥；以105师2旅旅长唐尧君指挥原担任华清池外围警戒的一个团，包围华清池四周，不使一个漏网；以骑兵6师师长白凤翔、该师18团团长刘桂武和卫队营营长孙铭九率卫队营冲入华清池，活捉蒋介石；同时电令驻兰州和洛阳的东北军部队也一齐动手。 张学良讲完后，询问大家有无意见。会场沉寂了片刻，于学忠问道：“第二步怎么办？”张回答说：“先扣了再说，只要他答应我们抗日，还拥护他做领袖。” 于是，大家表示：“既然张副司令已经决定了，我们都愿意服从命令。” 这时，执行扣蒋任务的卫队营长孙铭九应召而来。张学良当面向他布置：这次扣蒋任务，白师长、刘团长和你3人共同完成。你要听白师长的话，服从他的指挥，要谨慎小心。张学良郑重地嘱咐他：“千万不可把委员长打死了，万不得已时，只能把他的腿打伤，不要叫他逃跑了。” 散会时已过午夜，张学良立即派人请来刘鼎，极为郑重地向刘交待，请其：立即发电报给中共中央，说明他已决定实行军事行动逮捕蒋介石，请中共方面配合行动。刘鼎旋于凌晨2点发出了这份紧急电报，这成为中共中央得到的最早的关于西安事变的一份电报。 杨虎城回到他的公馆后，也进一步检查了兵力布防。这时，他所考虑的，不仅是17路军所担负的城内战斗的任务，而是整个军事行动的全盘。因为，这次行动的胜败都与张学良联结在一起了。那么，就不能不考虑：如果蒋介石跑了，孙铭九扑了个空怎么办？万一蒋介石被打死了又该怎么办？扣起来个活的蒋介石，必然得放一个活的蒋介石，既扣又放，又该怎么办？他有义务协助张学良把问题考虑得全面一些，才能使胜机更大一些。 杨虎城认为，停止内战，除了扣蒋以外，没有别的办法。但是，扣蒋容易放蒋难啊！把他握在手里，会危机四伏；把他放了，后果更是无法设想；而如果把蒋打死了，或者让蒋跑了，意味着马上就爆发战争。看来，必须做好应对战争的准备。 他马上命令参谋长李兴中拟定了三套预备作战方案：一是同东北军、红军联合作战的方案；二是同东北军联合作战的方案；三是单独作战的方案。三套方案，都是要在咸阳、渭南阻击进犯之敌，以坚守西安为目的，主力放在东路，以确保右翼安全。为此，杨虎城命令冯钦哉率精锐部队迅速由大荔经三河口袭占潼关，令陕北前线西路一带的第17师、警备2旅及总指挥部直属部队，不分星夜，轻装前进，分别集结于渭南、西安地区，策应潼关方面的防御作战；命令警3旅以隐蔽行动，巩固后方。此外，成立戒严指挥部，以孙蔚如为戒严司令，赵寿山兼公安局长。 当17路军方面各项准备就绪的时候，已经是次日凌晨了。此时，张学良一行10余人也已赶到，他们将与杨虎城及其亲信幕僚一起在杨公馆坐镇指挥这一重大行动，直至活捉到蒋介石。 ★清晨6时，扣蒋战斗打响。8时蒋氏在山洞中被擒。城内仅用两个小时即结束兵谏行动。蒋介石撤张、调防东北军的命令终成一纸空文 1936年12月12日凌晨。此时，在华清池的蒋介石及其亲信侍卫们还在沉睡之中。朦咙的天色下，可以依稀看到华清池内外两院的轮廓，走进高大的月洞门，就是外院。在这里部署了中央宪兵第2团的40多名宪兵，还有张学良卫队1营的官兵负责外围警戒。而二道门虽然与头道门相比，要小出许多，但刻在上方的“华清胜境”四个大字，却显出了高贵和典雅。进得里面，即谓内院，内院的迎面就是一个大鱼池，池上有一座小桥，是谓飞虹桥。穿越飞虹桥，有路直达“五间厅”，蒋介石就住在这里的第三号房子里。与蒋介石住在一起的，有侍从室主任钱大钧，侍从室组长蒋孝先，以及他的10多个秘书、参谋办事人员。为蒋介石警卫的30多个亲信侍卫也住在这个院里。 这里的兵力虽然不多，但战斗力却不弱。而翻过蒋介石住的五间厅后面的围墙，出去即是骊山，如果蒋介石从这里逃出，会加大扣蒋的难度。所以，扣蒋行动既要设法在院内解决问题，也要周密设置外围，确保蒋介石无法逃脱。 张学良看到了外线部队的重要性。午夜过后，他即令刘多荃督促外线部队开始行动，至凌晨3时许，负责外线的两个团共5000人已经进入阵地，完成对华清池的合围。 接着，内线行动的命令也于凌晨1时许发出。驻守在华清池蒋介石处担负外围警戒任务的卫队1营营长王玉瓒和张学良卫队队长谭海，在第一时间内接到张学良的命令。于是，谭海立即驾驶摩托车先到十里铺，向在此待命的骑兵连连长邵某传达了张学良的命令，并分工该连包围华清池外围地带，抓住一切企图外逃的人员。随后又赶到灞桥镇，命令这里的东北军驻军参加扣蒋行动。 在张学良扣蒋的命令传达到卫队1营全体官兵之后，卫队2营副营长商亚东率领所部两个连的队伍也已在这里整装待发。 孙铭九和白凤翔、刘桂武是凌晨2点30分左右到达灞桥的。他们对参战官兵作了简短的动员。白凤翔师长首先讲话：“我们东北军之所以流离失所，无家可归，都是他蒋介石一手造成的。我们张副司令要求打回老家去，他不但不批准，还想消灭我们。今天，为我们东北军人洗刷不抵抗耻辱的时候到了。大家要同仇敌忾，奋勇冲杀。不过，张副司令告诉我们，千万不要把蒋介石打死了，要抓活的。” 孙铭九营长也进行了动员。作为一名基层军官，他虽然没有讲出多少道理，但是那种忠于张学良的思想情绪，却产生了极大的鼓动作用。孙铭九说：“今天到华清池去，是为了救副司令。委员长不抗日，也不叫我们东北军抗日，我们副司令向他请求停止内战、一致抗日，他不但不接受，反而把我们的副司令扣押起来。我们今天去华清池，是要把委员长扣起来，逼他抗日，营救我们的副司令出险。保护副司令的安全是我们卫队营的神圣职责，我们一定要完成这个极其重要的任务，一定要扣押住委员长。但要注意，绝对不能把他打死。” 白、孙的动员，使全体行动官兵情绪异常激愤。这时，白凤翔师长布置：孙铭九率卫队营先冲进去，他随后跟进。 孙铭九根据白师长的指示，考虑到华清池只有40多名宪兵，而且他们大多数人都在睡梦中，反击力量薄弱，如果突袭进攻组织得好，有把握快速制胜。就当即布置： 1.由王协一连长率领30人乘第一辆汽车，负责解除华清池大门外岗哨的武装，堵住各门窗的出入口，逐次将院内的岗哨缴械，尽可能不开枪，然后来协助我。 2.由我带领一部分人直接寻找蒋的住处，进入房内请他出来，如不顺利，则用武力把他挟持出华清池，架到车上。 3.由商亚东副营长带人负责包围院外的宪兵，并警戒华清池的周围。 这时，已经是凌晨4时。待所有内线部队到达华清池蒋介石的临时行辕时，已是5点30分左右。此前，东北军105师一个团在唐君尧旅长的指挥下，已将华清池团团包围。卫队1营已经收缴了院外驻禹王庙宪兵的武器。 但卫队营的汽车声，惊动了蒋的卫兵，并开枪示警。这时，东北军卫队营两士兵开枪还击，顿时枪声大作，扣蒋战斗提前打响！ 卫队营的突然袭击，很快解决了守卫在一道门的宪兵。但部队向内院冲击时，遭到蒋介石侍卫的顽强抵抗。孙铭九率领部分人冲入二门，本想直奔小桥进入蒋介石的卧室