Chapter 4 Chapter 4 Withdrawal?Capture Jiang?Xi'an City "is about to come"

★Chiang Kai-shek took advantage of the prestige of the return of Guangdong and Guangxi, and sent 30 divisions into Shaanxi, which opened the prelude to coercing Zhang and Yang's troops to launch a new round of "communist suppression" ★Chiang Kai-shek’s plan to suppress the communists was resisted by Zhang and Yang, but it was also difficult for Zhang and Yang to persuade Chiang to change his policy. Both sides were trying to use their own power to influence and change each other ★Chiang Kai-shek's stubbornness is a test of Zhang Xueliang's persistence; Zhang Xueliang's uninterrupted remonstrance and crying, hoping to influence Chiang Kai-shek at the last moment, Jiang and Zhang's judgments of right and wrong are tit-for-tat and neither is willing to give in

★Zhang and Yang were forced to plan to "capture Chiang". Chiang Kai-shek hated Zhang as "incorrigible" and decided to dismiss Zhang and transfer him to another.The city of Xi'an is about to storm, and the danger is imminent Chiang Kai-shek was a man who broke his promise.For him, needs decide everything.This point was most vividly displayed in the summer and autumn of 1936. When the "Guangdong Incident" happened, in order to focus on dealing with Chen Jitang in Guangdong, he publicly issued an order to "maintain the status quo in Guangxi" in order to win over Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi.

When the support of the Soviet Union was needed, he could take the initiative to show his favor to the Soviet Union and take measures to communicate with the domestic Communist Party. When he saved himself from the "Guangdong Incident", he immediately suppressed Shaanxi with his troops to eliminate the Communist Party and the Red Army. highest goal. ★Chiang Kai-shek has the prestige of surrendering Guangdong and Guangxi.Thirty divisions were raised to enter Shaanxi.It opened the prelude to coercing Zhang and Yang's troops to launch a new round of "communist suppression"

On September 14, 1936, marked by Li Zongren's announcement of a peaceful telegram, the Guangdong-Guangdong Incident, which lasted for four months, was declared peacefully resolved. At this time, it had only been a week since the Communist Party of China achieved a great alliance in the northwest (marked by the agreement reached with the 17th Route Army of Yang Hucheng in Shaanxi to cooperate in the anti-Japanese war), and the Red Fourth Front Army and the Red Second Front Army were about to end their Long March and arrive in northern Shaanxi to achieve the Three Great Wars. The victory of the main Red Army joined forces.

At this time, Japan stepped up its instigation of puppet Mongolian soldiers to invade Suidong in an attempt to realize its strategic attempt to occupy Ningxia and Gansu and cut off the relationship between China and the Soviet Union.Just on the 13th of this month, Japan proposed seven harsh conditions to China: (1) conclusion of an anti-communist agreement with Japan; (2) employment of Japanese consultants by political and military agencies; (3) opening of air links between Fukuoka and Shanghai; (4) Conclude a Japan-China tariff agreement and reduce tax rates; (5) Establish a special system in North China; (6) Extradite "illegal" (North) Koreans; (7) Open a port in Chengdu and Japan-China cooperation to develop Sichuan's economy.He also asked the Nanjing Nationalist Government to issue an order prohibiting the rowing of the sun, which should be issued by the Executive Yuan to the chairmen of the ministries and provinces, by the chairman of the Military Commission to the land, sea, and air agencies, and by the vice-chairman of the Central Standing Committee of the Kuomintang to the party agencies. It must be published in newspapers for several days, and Chiang Kai-shek will broadcast it to the whole country in person.

On the 20th, the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued four more specific requirements: 1. Create a buffer zone, including the five provinces of Hebei, Cha, Shanxi, Shandong, and Sui.The Nanjing National Government still retains its territorial suzerainty in the above provinces, and other rights and obligations (such as the appointment and removal of officials, tax collection, and military management, etc.) must be transferred to the local autonomous government; 2. Use the current opportunity to try to resolve the Sino-Japanese transportation contract, Especially the aviation issue; 3. China will fundamentally revise the tariffs imposed on Japanese goods after the September 18th Incident; 4. China should hire Japanese consultants as much as possible.

No matter how outrageous, unreasonable and humiliating Japan's conditions were, Chiang Kai-shek continued to deal with them in the same way as in the past humiliating diplomacy in order to concentrate on implementing his "communist suppression" plan.When he met with Japanese representative Chuanyue on October 7, he was almost begging the other party, saying: "All issues between China and Japan should be resolved through diplomatic channels in a peaceful and friendly atmosphere based on the principles of absolute equality, mutual respect for territorial sovereignty and administrative integrity. Long-term consultations." Because what Chiang Kai-shek was concerned about at this time was how to wipe out the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and its Red Army, which had yet to gain a foothold in northern Shaanxi.It was still in early September, when the reconciliation of the Guangxi issue had just turned a corner, Chiang Kai-shek hurriedly dispatched Hu Zongnan's 1st Army to march northward from Hunan, in an attempt to seize the Jingning, Huining, and Dingxi sections of the Xilan Highway, and cut off the Red Army's 1st, 2nd, and 4th Army. The passage for the rendezvous of the Four Front Armies.At the same time, Chiang Kai-shek ordered Mao Bingwen's 37th Army located in Dingxi, Longxi, and Wushan areas, and Wang Jun's 3rd Army located in Tianshui, Tai'an, and Wudu areas to prevent the Red Second and Fourth Front Army from advancing north; The troops of He Zhuguo and Ma Hongbin in the north, advancing north and south, pinched the main force of the Red Army west of Qingshui River.

For this reason, Chiang Kai-shek stepped up preparations for war. On October 17, he summoned the military generals stationed in the north, including Han Fuju from Shandong, Xu Shichang from Shanxi, Yang Hucheng from Shaanxi, and Ge Dingyuan, the representative of Song Zheyuan from North China, to Hangzhou to hold a military meeting to deploy matters related to the "suppression of communism" in the northwest. .Then, he went to Shandong in person to appease Han Fuju. After receiving Han Fuju's statement that "everything is under the central government's orders", he flew to Xi'an with his wife Song Meiling on October 22 to supervise the "communist suppression" campaign in person.

What caused Chiang Kai-shek to implement the policy of "suppressing the Communists" in the Northwest just as soon as he started the anti-Japanese negotiations with the Communist Party? In fact, Chiang Kai-shek's "determination" to destroy the Communist Party has never wavered. It is just that the Japanese invasion of China has disrupted his "communist suppression" arrangement, and the major changes caused by the major contradictions in Chinese society have caused great changes. He didn't expect it, especially the prospect of the Chinese Communist Party's anti-Japanese alliance with the Northeast Army and the 17th Route Army in the northwest, which really shocked Chiang Kai-shek. He believed that if he didn't do anything, the Northwest would fall into the hands of the Communist Party. The "Communist Party" will be more difficult, which he cannot allow.

At this time, Chiang Kai-shek's view of the Northwest, one thing is to see the essence, that is, the anti-Japanese alliance in the Northwest marked that Zhang and Yang began to completely deviate from his "national policy" of first securing the interior and then fighting the outside world. Now, the difference between him and Zhang and Yang is no longer a dispute of political opinions, but a dispute between his personal loyalty or betrayal.This will inevitably lead to the further intensification of the contradictions between Zhang, Yang and Chiang Kai-shek after the formation of the Northwest Anti-Japanese Alliance.

First of all, Zhang and Yang opposed Jiang's handling of the "incident". In April 1936, under the leadership of Liu Lanbo, underground party members Gao Chongmin, Li Youwen, and Sun Dasheng (Wang Yizhe's secretary) of the Northeast Army and the 17th Route Army compiled and printed a pamphlet titled "Alliance with the Communist Party, Anti-Japanese War The slogan of "supporting Zhang" answered how to understand the favorable situation in the northwest and carry out anti-Japanese activities; how to solve the anti-Japanese funds and mobilize the people; how to train anti-Japanese cadres and strengthen the anti-Japanese forces, as well as the rectification of the Northeast Army and other issues.After the manuscript was written, Zhang Xueliang was specially asked to read it. Yang Hucheng also highly appreciated the compilation and printing of this propaganda material, and agreed that the 17th Route Army Printing Factory would undertake the printing task. After dissemination, it had a great impact, and it also attracted the attention of Kuomintang secret agents.They suspected that it was written by Guo Zengkai, a councilor of the 17th Route Army, so they secretly arrested him and escorted him to Nanjing.However, Guo Zengkai, who knew nothing about this matter, could not get any results from the interrogation anyway.Therefore, the spies returned to Xi'an and started to investigate again from the people around Zhang and Yang. This time I found Gao Chongmin, one of the chief editors.However, after Zhang Xueliang learned of the situation, he immediately protected Gao Chongmin. When Chiang Kai-shek's confidant and Jiang Xiongfeng, the second division of the "Northwest Headquarters", presented Zhang Xueliang with Chiang Kai-shek's warrant and demanded the arrest of Gao Chongmin, Zhang Xueliang pretended to be ignorant and immediately stated his position. , and immediately cooperated with arresting people, and ordered his guard captain: "Send a company to follow Jiang Xiongfeng to arrest Gao Chongmin." Although mobilizing teachers and mobilizing people, in the end even Gao Chongmin's shadow was not found. Although Chiang Kai-shek did not catch Zhang Xueliang in this matter, he could smell the Communist Party around Zhang Xueliang. In order to warn Zhang Xueliang of his alliance with the Communist Party, Chiang Kai-shek ordered the arrest of his secretary Song Li, which triggered another "Yanwan Incident" that openly confronted the Nanjing authorities. It happened like this.When Zhang Xueliang was looking for the Communist Party and wanted to unite with the Communist Party to fight against Japan, he invited Northeastern University to send representatives to Xi'an.The representative sent by Northeastern University was Song Li, a member of the Communist Party. After Song was received, Zhang Xueliang stayed with him as a secretary.Later, under the cover of Zhang Xueliang, he engaged in open and secret anti-Japanese activities in Xi'an.In the name of the representative of the All-China Federation of Students, he promoted the anti-Japanese and national salvation movement in Xi'an, and became one of the main leaders of the student movement in Xi'an; he also carried out activities in the Xi'an headquarters, the Northeast Army, and the 17th Route Army, and was invited by Yang Hucheng At the commemorative meeting held by the Xi'an Appeasement Office, he made a report on resisting Japanese aggression and saving the nation. Song Li's actions were quickly detected by Kuomintang agents. In July 1936, Song Li learned from various sources that his activities had been closely monitored by Kuomintang agents, because the Northwest Hotel, where he and another Northeast student representative lived, often had dubious people in front of the window and behind the house Turning around, and sometimes even sneaking into the house to search things secretly.Song Li immediately reported the situation to the higher-level party organization and suggested making contingency preparations.The higher-level party organization sent someone to propose to Zhang Xueliang: It is not safe for your two students to promote the anti-Japanese war in Xi'an, and it is recommended to send the two students to the Soviet area.But Zhang Xueliang did not agree.He didn't think it would be a problem in his position to protect a student or two. But the problem still happened. On August 29, the Kuomintang agents finally took action and arrested Song Li at his residence.After Zhang Xueliang learned of the situation, he was very angry: "I am actually caught on my head!" He decisively decided to take military action, mobilized a regiment of the Northeast Army outside the city to march into the city, and declared martial law throughout the city. Such a big move naturally alarmed Shaanxi Provincial Chairman Shao Lizi.As soon as Zhang saw Shao Lizi, he slapped the table angrily and said: "I am a member of the Standing Committee of the Kuomintang Central Committee, representing the Central Committee; I am the acting commander-in-chief, representing Chairman Jiang. Why do these people in the provincial party department despise me so much and dare to arrest me without authorization?" Arrest my subordinates? Why did you not let me know about the arrest of the Communist Party? What is the intention of such a bold and reckless act?" Shao Lizi had never seen Zhang Xueliang lose such a temper, nor had he seen Zhang Xueliang be so rude to him.So he quickly said in a gentle tone: "The deputy commander calm down, the deputy commander calms down. I don't know about this matter. I will go back and find out and report to the deputy commander." After Shao Lizi resigned, Zhang Xueliang immediately ordered his adjutant and deputy commander of the 105th Division Tan Hai to lead the guard battalion to search the provincial party headquarters.They rescued Song Li and Ma Shaozhou, the student representatives of Northeastern University who were being tortured by the provincial party headquarters, and confiscated the secret agents' radio stations, passwords, and files. A list of more than 300 Northeast Army personnel participating in anti-Japanese activities. At this time, Shao Lizi also asked why he wanted to arrest Song Li, and came to Zhang Mansion to report back.He said to Zhang: "I have found out from several Standing Committee members of the Provincial Party Headquarters that the arrests were indeed happening and were directly directed by people sent by the Nanjing Control Office, and the Standing Committee members of the Provincial Party Headquarters were not clear either. According to President Jiang’s telegram, Liu Lanbo, Sun Wanfa (should be Sun Dasheng), and Li Youwen were also named and arrested. It was their serious mistake that the Provincial Party Headquarters did not ask the deputy commander for instructions, and now I am asked to ask the deputy commander for instructions on how to deal with it.” He said. Chiang Kai-shek's original telegram was also shown.After watching it, Zhang Xueliang said to Shao with a pleasant face, "I'm sorry for the disturbance late at night, please go back and rest!" In fact, the arrest of Song and Ma was not only an arrest warrant issued by Chiang Kai-shek himself, but also a special plane was sent to stop in Xi'an, ready to escort the criminals to Nanjing for interrogation at any time. Due to Zhang Xueliang's intervention, the Nanjing plan went bankrupt.This was the raid on the Kuomintang headquarters in Shaanxi Province that took place on the evening of August 29, 1936. According to the finals, the 29th was the word "Yan", so it was called the "Yanwan Incident". Although the "Yan Wan Incident" made Chiang Kai-shek's plan come to nothing, it further intensified the conflict between Zhang Xueliang and Chiang.Zhang has already felt distrust from Chiang Kai-shek from this incident.Therefore, he came up with "cut first and play later".On the second day after the inspection of the Provincial Party Headquarters, an urgent telegram was sent to Chiang Kai-shek, which meant: Ma Shaozhou and others arrested by the Provincial Party Headquarters were members of the "Suppression General". Without formal procedures, plainclothes were sent to arrest the members of the "headquarters" at night because they did not trust Xueliang and the "suppressing the general". It is not without impatience to petition Junzuo, please punish him, and plan to hand over Ma Shaozhou and others to the military law department of the headquarters for strict trial. On the day Chiang Kai-shek received Zhang Xueliang's telegram, Zeng Kuoqing, chief of political training and chief of the "Northwest Suppression General", also rushed to Guangzhou by plane to complain to Chiang Kai-shek.He cried with tears: "Zhang Xueliang was lawless and betrayed the central government; the Northeast Army secretly cooperated with the 17th Route Army and the Red Army, and the reverse track was obvious. Chairman, please make up your mind early to eliminate hidden dangers." Chiang Kai-shek neither believed Zhang Xueliang's rhetoric nor believed Zeng Kuoqing's.So he called Shao Lizi and asked what happened to the provincial party headquarters?Is it related to Zhang Xueliang's threat to resist Japan?After receiving Shao Lizi's reply that "the matter is over, Zhang really has the heart to resist Japan, but he must obey the commission's orders to resist Japan", Chiang Kai-shek finally believed that Zeng's complaint had come from Oka. Next, is how to deal with the issue of Zhang Xueliang's union with the Communist Party.But at this time Chiang Kai-shek was busy dealing with the Guangdong and Guangxi incidents and had no time to deal with the Northwest, so he delayed Zhang Xueliang's troops. He called Zhang Xueliang and said: "This case is handled recklessly, but since you know your mistakes, you should pay attention to it later. Please punish the section. No discussion. As for the review by Ma Shaozhou and others, it must be handled in this way." Zhang Xueliang, who has always been meticulous in his work, knew that this incident had stabbed Chiang Kai-shek's hornet's nest.He once appointed Mo Dehui to meet Chiang Kai-shek in an attempt to ease the conflict and test Chiang Kai-shek's reaction.Unexpectedly, after Mo Dehui talked for a long time, Chiang Kai-shek only said one sentence! "Hanqing should teach them a lesson." This kind of statement made Zhang Xueliang feel that Chiang Kai-shek would definitely settle accounts with him in this matter. The occurrence of this series of events constantly stimulated Chiang Kai-shek's sensitive nerves, prompting him to draw the conclusion that Xi'an will soon become the second Guangdong and Guangxi. However, Chiang Kai-shek misjudged two other issues related to this: one is the strength of the Red Army.Jiang believed that, in his view, the Red Army, which had reached Shaanxi and Gansu after the 25,000-mile long march, had been weakened and had become the last of its strength, and could be wiped out within a few months if only heavy troops were concentrated.The second is the strength of the Northeast Army and the 17th Route Army.Jiang believes that after continuous fighting with the Red Army, the Northeast Army has lost at least three divisions and the 17th Route Army has lost three brigades.His strength was damaged, and he didn't have the capital to fight against himself. Even Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng didn't dare to disobey his orders. Then another unexpected thing happened.Chen Lifu, one of Chiang Kai-shek’s think tanks, was at the end of a discussion with Bogomolov, the Soviet ambassador to China and Soviet negotiator for the Sino-Soviet Nonaggression Treaty. Bogomolov said to Chen Lifu: “Once China We will never help the CCP.” Chen Lifu thought he heard it wrong, but Bogomolov explained to him again: “Mr. Chen, the CCP has only two to three thousand troops. They're wiped out." After Bao Shi finished speaking, he packed up the documents and prepared to leave.But these words sounded like a bolt from the blue to Chen Lifu, which made him open his mouth for a long time, at a loss for what to do.He couldn't figure out what Bao's words meant.He immediately reported the incident to Chiang Kai-shek.Chiang Kai-shek was stunned when he heard this, and he continued to ask, "Did you drink alcohol during the negotiation?" "Does this Mr. Bao have a history of mental illness?" After answering, Chiang Kai-shek asked again: "Can you accurately say that what he said is true?" Chen Lifu said affirmatively: "I think what he said is true! During the negotiation process, Bogomolov was always energetic and serious." "I told him that if China is communisized in the future , What good is it to your Soviet Union? Can you subdue a China with a population three times larger than yours? He did not express any objection, and he also agreed to allow me to tell the Soviet government about this.” Regardless of the motives of the Soviet side for saying these words, Chiang Kai-shek interpreted them as encouragement for his policy of "suppressing communism", which made him continue to implement the already unpopular policy of "suppressing communism" The loss of a scruple also prompted him to make up his mind to solve the so-called CCP issue.In front of Chen Lifu, Chiang Kai-shek immediately instructed that the ongoing "negotiations with the CCP can only be done in vain, and can be completely eradicated when the CCP is isolated and helpless. For the Communist Army in northern Shaanxi, I will personally supervise the war." , ordered Zhang Xueliang's Northeast Army and Yang Hucheng's 17th Route Army to attack with all their strength and destroy them within a limited time."Chiang Kai-shek's remarks can be regarded as a footnote to his sudden adjustment of his strategy towards the CCP and his urgency to resolve the Northwest issue. In short, based on two misjudgments and the political consideration of eliminating the confidant of the Communist Party, coupled with the effect of Bogomolov's words, Chiang Kai-shek rushed from Nanjing to Xi'an. Chiang Kai-shek is a decisive theory of strength, and he never plays his cards hastily when his skills are not as good as others and he is not sure of winning.Therefore, before his multi-route army arrived in Xi'an, he would not immediately turn against Zhang and Yang. After arriving in Xi'an, Chiang Kai-shek immediately showed an expression of being very kind and respectful to Zhang Xueliang during the interview, and blurted out: "Han Qing, I will approve Director Zeng's report for you to read. Did he give it to you?" Zhang Xueliang was busy He replied: "Chairman Chiang, please don't worry, I have seen it." Chiang Kai-shek continued: "I completely leave the affairs of the Northwest to you. I don't listen to anyone who says anything. Anyone who has an opinion can only ask you. I will let you know." No matter. Director Zeng has something to do, and if he doesn’t tell you, it’s very wrong to go to Guangzhou to see me, and he will be punished.” Then, Chiang Kai-shek reprimanded Zeng Kuoqing in front of everyone. When Chiang Kai-shek played Zhou Yu's trick of beating Huang Gai at this time, anyone with a discerning eye could understand at a glance that the intention was to stabilize Zhang Xueliang first.Zhang Xueliang knew Jiang's intentions, but he didn't know what to say for a while. Only Shao Lizi figured out what Jiang was thinking, and stepped forward to persuade Jiang: "Chairman, the matter has long passed, forget it, forget it." A step to change the subject. In order not to make Zhang Xueliang suspicious, Chiang Kai-shek said nothing about the "suppression of communism" on this trip, claiming that he came to Xi'an to "avoid his birthday".Because October 31st is his 50th birthday, he will travel around during this period. Chiang Kai-shek chose Huaqing Pool as the place to stay in Xi'an, which is a major scenic spot in China.According to legend, Qin Shihuang offended the goddess in Lishan, was spat on the face, and then developed sores.The first emperor begged for forgiveness, and the goddess dreamed that he should be healed in a hot spring.Therefore, the hot spring Huaqing Pool is also called Goddess Soup.The Huaqing Palace was established here in the Tang Dynasty. Xuanzong spends the winter here every year with Concubine Yang Guifei, and often bathes here, which leads to many stories.The famous sentence in Bai Juyi's "spring cold bath Huaqing Pool, the hot spring water is smooth and smooth" is here. Why did Chiang Kai-shek stay here, a remote place 25 kilometers west of Xi'an? Is it for quietness or for the convenience of bathing?Of course not.But this place has really become a place of shame for him. Even after many years, when he thinks of this place, he will feel afraid and angry. Huaqing Pool is only one view of the ancient city of Xi'an. If you want to visit places of interest, it is not a problem to travel in Shaanxi for ten days and a half months.Chiang Kai-shek tried his best to appear leisurely and relaxed.He chose to go to Huashan Mountain in Xiyue to visit Huashan Mountain, which is famous for its danger and crowns the world with its extraordinary beauty.Accompanied by Zhang Xueliang, Yang Hucheng and Shao Lizi, Chiang Kai-shek talked while traveling.He pointed to Mount Hua, seemingly with a double entendre, and seemed to express his feelings, and said: "The victory of Huashan lies in danger! If you make a mistake, you will fall into the abyss..." Zhang Xueliang was also filled with emotions when he saw the natural wonders and temples of Mount Hua, but he felt differently from Chiang Kai-shek.He immediately expressed his feelings with a seven-character quatrain: I came here occasionally but forgot to return, the scenery is faint and the forest is like flying.Looking back at my hometown, my heart is broken, and the mountains and rivers are safe. After listening to Zhang Xueliang's poems, Chiang Kai-shek thought about it, and asked casually: "Han Qing, what books have you read recently?" Zhang Xueliang replied bluntly: "I have read two books recently, one is "Dialectical Materialism" It was originally "Political Economy." Zhang Xueliang's answer made Chiang Kai-shek further confirm that the secret report he had obtained about Zhang Xueliang's radical thinking and the alliance with the Communist Party to resist Japan was true.Although Chiang Kai-shek was very angry, he was not easy to get angry, so he persuaded: "These books were written by the Soviets, and they are not suitable for China's national conditions. You will be poisoned after reading this." This last sentence, Chiang Kai-shek was worried that Zhang Xueliang would be stimulated, so he asked Zhang Xueliang again. He added: "You should read "The Great Learning" and "The Complete Works of Zeng Wenzhenggong" carefully. If you master these books, you will be able to straighten your mind, cultivate yourself, regulate your family, govern the country, and bring peace to the world. After visiting Huashan, Chiang Kai-shek visited Qinling Mausoleum, Huangling Mausoleum, Zhouyuan, Xiwutai, and the Forest of Steles.At this time, a large number of his cronies arrived in Xi'an one after another.So far, Chiang Kai-shek's direct elite troops in the northwest have reached 260 regiments, with a strength of about 300,000 troops.Many military and political officials of the Kuomintang also gathered in Xi'an. They are: Chen Cheng, Wei Lihuang, Jiang Dingwen, Chen Tiaoyuan, Zhu Shaoliang, Wan Yaohuang, Chen Chengji, Jiang Fangzhen, Zhang Chong, Jiang Zuobin, Shao Yuanchong, etc., as well as Yan Daogang from Xi'an, Zeng Kuoqing should also be among the thousand people. With backing, Chiang Kai-shek began to show his power at this time, ordering Zhang and Yang to suppress the Communists within a time limit. ★Chiang Kai-shek’s plan to suppress the communists was resisted by Zhang and Yang, but it was also difficult for Zhang and Yang to persuade Chiang to change his policy. Both sides were trying to use their own power to influence and change each other Chiang Kai-shek was a veteran in the field of conquering his opponents.This time to deal with the situation in the Northwest, the method he adopted is still to deter with force first, and then divide internally, and defeat them one by one. Therefore, before he set off for Xi'an, he ordered Qian Dajun, the director of the attendant office, to draft a list, and after he arrived in Xi'an, he ordered all the officials listed on the list to go to Xi'an to discuss the plan of "suppressing the Communist Party". .After its direct line troops arrived in the northwest, they deployed troops with great fanfare and expanded the airport, which first put psychological pressure on Xi'an.After doing enough propaganda articles, Chiang Kai-shek summoned Zhang and Yang separately in Lintong Huaqing Pool where he stayed, and announced his plan to "suppress the Communist Party". Zhang Xueliang directly put forward his different opinions.He said: "Commander-in-Chief, please forgive me. In order to save the country and the nation from peril, we must stop the civil war and unite in the resistance against Japan. This is not only my personal opinion, the entire Northeast Army has this request, and the people of the whole country have this request... " Chiang Kai-shek reprimanded him before he finished speaking: "Soldiers take obedience as their bounden duty. If I tell you to go east, you go east. If I tell you to die, you have to die. When the wind blows, the soldiers follow the general. The commander-in-chief is unwavering. , those who serve as soldiers will not waver.” Zhang Xueliang could not agree with Chiang Kai-shek's criticism.He reasoned hard: "It is impossible to mobilize to fight the civil war. If it is to fight Japan, it can be mobilized freely and is unstoppable." Chiang Kai-shek was very unhappy with Zhang Xueliang's refusal to "suppress the Communist Party" on the grounds that the soldiers were unwilling. However, he also found an opportunity to persuade Zhang Xueliang from Zhang Xueliang's words.So he said: "The policy of suppressing the Communist Party cannot be changed. I will solve the morale problem." Chiang Kai-shek is confident that as long as he personally explains the stakes to the officers and soldiers, he will definitely change the thinking of the officers and soldiers of the Northeast Army.At that time, you Zhang Xueliang will have no reason not to "suppress the Communist Party". Chiang Kai-shek summoned Yang Hucheng to talk again. Yang Hucheng did not have the special background of Zhang Xueliang and Chiang Kai-shek, so he could not openly say "no" to Chiang Kai-shek like Zhang did.I can only express my opinion in a tactful way: "I personally completely obey the orders of the chairman, but the anti-Japanese sentiment in the troops is high, and the morale of the bandits is low. It is indeed a worrying problem." Yang Hucheng's answer was exactly the same as that of Zhang Xueliang, which shocked and worried Chiang Kai-shek.He was shocked that these two conflicting forces should come together, which was a little unexpected.What worries him is that now it is not only the issue of Zhang and Yang's personal unwillingness to "suppress the Communist Party", but also the issue of the unwillingness of both troops to "suppress the Communist Party".To dismantle these two units, it is easier said than done with the support of the public and the support of the Communist Party later!In particular, the Northeast Army's desire to fight back home is getting stronger and stronger. Who can shake this homesickness? Chiang Kai-shek still decided to go to the Wang Qu officer training regiment as a leader to give lectures, and wanted to personally "solve" the problem of the reluctance of grassroots officers and soldiers of the two armies to "suppress the Communist Party." This is October 27, and the third phase ceremony of the Wang Qu Officer Training Corps was held as scheduled.The Northwest "Suppression General" and cadres above the regiment of the Northeast Army and the 17th Route Army were called to listen to Chiang Kai-shek's lectures.Chiang Kai-shek preached with a strong Ningbo accent: "Our revolutionary soldiers must first be aware of etiquette and shame, be filial at home and parents; be loyal to the country and obey the commander. This is the duty of our revolutionary soldiers. At the same time We revolutionary soldiers also need to distinguish the distance of the enemy and the priority of things. Our nearest enemy is the Communist Party, and the damage is the most urgent; Japan is far away from us, and the damage is slow. If the distance is not distinguished, the priority will not be discerned, and we will not actively 'suppress the Communist Party. "While talking lightly about resisting Japan, it means ignorance of right and wrong, and turning the front and back is not revolutionary. That is unfilial at home and disloyal for the country; disloyal and unfilial, you cannot be regarded as a revolutionary soldier. The country has laws and disciplines, and it is not revolutionary. Disloyal and unfilial soldiers will be punished." He went on to say: "If we don't concentrate on attacking the main enemy in front of us now, but yell that we want to attack the enemy thousands of miles away, it will be a violation of my 'security. The policy of "fighting inside and fighting outside" and violating this policy is a counter-revolutionary, and counter-revolutionaries I will overthrow." Obviously, these words were not only for the trainee officers, but also a warning to Zhang Xueliang, Yang Hucheng, the Northeast Army and the 17th Route Army.It was difficult for the trainee officers with strong anti-Japanese ideology to accept Chiang Kai-shek's fallacy that he was not afraid of subjugation but of civil strife. Therefore, during the short half-hour speech, there were many continuous coughing and stomping sounds in the venue.Afraid of causing Chiang Kai-shek's displeasure, Zhang Xueliang immediately announced the disbandment after his speech, and temporarily canceled the originally arranged on-site questioning. Chiang Kai-shek did not show any concern for the phenomenon in the venue.After the meeting, continue to go to Qinglongling accompanied by Zhang and Yang to enjoy the scenery of Zhongnan Mountain after the rain.In the evening, I went to the provincial bank to appreciate the famous painting of the Song Dynasty "The Picture of Ten Thousand Miles of the Yangtze River" as a gesture of indifference to Wang Qu's officer training corps. On the 28th, Chiang Kai-shek invited Zhang Xueliang for talks.Chiang Kai-shek said straight to the point: "Didn't Mao Zedong write to me? My coming is my answer to him." This sentence was murderous, and it also expressed his dissatisfaction with Zhang Xueliang's connection with the Communist Party behind his back.But Zhang Xueliang, who only wanted to fight against Japan, didn't care so much, he took the conversation and said: "Xueliang is going to report to the chairman of the committee." So, Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai sent a letter to Zhang Xueliang on October 5 and forwarded it to The content of Chiang Kai-shek's letter was relayed to Chiang Kai-shek.The letter reads as follows: After listening to the content of the letter, Chiang Kai-shek immediately reprimanded Zhang Xueliang: "You have fallen under the magic of the Communist Party! Before killing all the Red Army and catching all the Communist bandits, you will never talk about the Anti-Japanese War." But Zhang Xueliang still said that we should "stop the civil war and unite against Japan."Chiang Kai-shek originally wanted to vent his anger on Zhang Xueliang, but Xuan thought about going to Luoyang tomorrow, so he softened his tone and said: "We must completely take the situation into our own hands. Don't worry, the Soviet Union will be fully willing to discuss the alliance issue , it doesn't matter if we have the Red Army or not. If we eliminate the Red Army first, we will be in a much better position in future negotiations with the Soviet Union. Our responsibility is to eliminate the communist threat at home, first of all to remove the Chinese people from the Red Empire Saved from the hands of the doctrine. Then, we will consider other alliances to resist Japan on the basis of common interests." This passage seems to be influenced by the speech of the Soviet ambassador to China Bogomolov mentioned above, and revealed to Zhang Xueliang that the Soviet Union may no longer care about the future of the CCP, so as to dispel Zhang Xueliang’s worries about launching an anti-Japanese war. It is impossible for Zhang Xueliang, who is insider, to hear the mystery from his words. After talking with Zhang Xueliang, Chiang Kai-shek accepted an exclusive interview with a reporter from "Ta Kung Pao", publicly expressing his determination to carry out the "communist suppression" civil war to the end.Chiang pointed out: "The government decided to implement the anti-insurgency policy, because the Communist Party is under international command and does not take the interests of the Chinese nation as its standard... (the government) must not allow the forces of international manipulation to use force to destroy the country and destroy the independence of the Chinese nation." In this conversation, Zhang Xueliang was deeply disappointed because his efforts to persuade Chiang Kai-shek were fruitless.Chiang Kai-shek was even more dissatisfied with Zhang Xueliang, and even wrote in his diary that day: "Han Qing is so ignorant, it is heartbreaking." On the 29th, Chiang Kai-shek took the train to Luoyang to celebrate his birthday, but as soon as he arrived in Luoyang, he quickly held a military meeting to deploy and attack the three main Red Army forces that had just joined forces in Shaanxi and Gansu.Jiang decided: the 1st Army, the 3rd Army, the 37th Army, and the 67th Army and Cavalry Army of the Northeast Army, from Huining to Guyuan, from south to north, divided into 4 routes to attack the Red Army. On the 31st, Chiang Kai-shek issued a general attack order. After receiving this order from Chiang Kai-shek, the various "encirclement and suppression" armies behaved differently. The two armies led by Zhang Xueliang had already reached a tacit understanding with the Red Army, so they were unwilling to exchange fire with the Red Army. The troops of the Communist Party of China seemed to work very hard, and the lone army advanced to the hinterland of the Red Army.By November 21, the main force of the Red Army not only got rid of the interception of the "encirclement and suppression" army, but also formed an encirclement trend against several divisions of Hu Zongnan.On this day, the main force of the Red Army took the initiative to launch the Battle of Huanxian Mountain Castle.In the afternoon, Zuo Quan's Red 1st Army and Xu Haidong's Red 15th Army launched a general offensive. Wang Hongkun's 4th Army of the Fourth Red Army cooperated with Xiao Ke's 31st Army of the Second Red Army. After a day and night of fierce fighting, the 78th Division in the south of Hu Zong The two regiments of the 232nd Brigade and the 234th Brigade were all wiped out.Hu Zong's Southern 1st Brigade in the direction of Yanchi and Dingbian was also defeated by the 28th Red Army led by Song Shilun.After suffering such heavy losses, the Kuomintang "encirclement and suppression" army had to temporarily withdraw from the siege and reorganize the siege. Let us go back to October 31, Chiang Kai-shek's 50th birthday. On this day, Luoyang is more lively than a festival.The whole Luoyang has been carefully "dressed up".The Guanghan Palace Auditorium of the Xigong Military Branch School in Luoyang was newly decorated. Congratulatory scrolls and birthday couplets were hung all over the walls. In the center of the podium was a large colorful flower basket, setting off a huge portrait of Chiang Kai-shek.The congratulatory speeches and congratulatory speeches during the celebration were full of praise and praise for his "unification" and "communist suppression" feats.Diplomatic representatives from various countries, including German Head of State Hitler and Japanese Prime Minister Hirota, also sent congratulatory messages.After the celebration, there is a birthday banquet; after the birthday banquet, there will be an airplane show. The airplanes for these performances were purchased by the attendants in the name of the War of Resistance. Aerobatic maneuvers.This unique form of birthday celebration is much fresher than the 50 candles that are lit and then extinguished, and of course the cost will not be small. On this day, Nanjing also held a grand birthday presenting ceremony.At the Ming Palace Airport, 68 new fighter jets took to the sky successively to congratulate Chiang Kai-shek's family from the sky over Nanjing. A total of more than 230 units attended the celebration, with a total of about 200,000 people. Various birthday celebrations are also arranged all over the country.The party, government and military from all walks of life called Lin Sen, Chairman of the Nanjing National Government, to congratulate him on his birthday.Flags were hoisted all over the country to pay tribute, and "Zhongzheng Hall" and "Jieshi Hall" were built in many places. Among the birthday celebration team in Luoyang, Zhang Xueliang and Yan Xishan had the highest reputation and qualifications. They both served as deputy commanders-in-chief of Chiang Kai-shek's army, navy and air force.Because the two are always by Chiang Kai-shek's side, this cannot but attract people's attention.But this time the two followed Chiang Kai-shek around, or to persuade Chiang.Zhang and Yan had long had a tacit understanding of persuading Chiang to abandon the policy of "suppressing the Communist Party" and unite in resisting Japan. In May 1936, Zhang Xueliang went to Taiyuan in person to persuade Yan to accept his lessons from the September 18th Incident, not to have illusions about Japan, and not to adopt the doctrine of non-resistance; if Japan wants to invade Jinsui, it must resist resolutely. In October, Zhang went to Taiyuan twice to meet with Yan, and learned that Yan had doubts about the policy of "communist suppression", so he agreed with Yan: If Chiang Kai-shek did not fight against Japan, the Jin army and the Northeast Army would join the Red Army to fight against Japan.Zhang also sent Li Jinzhou, Secretary of the Northwest "Suppression General" and Chief of Section 6 of the General Office, to Taiyuan twice to meet with Yan to discuss joint resistance against Japan.At this time, Yan had invited Bo Yibo and other five Communists to Taiyuan to assist him in preparing for the Anti-Japanese War.When Yan Xishan went to Luoyang to celebrate Jiang's birthday on October 30, he deliberately detoured to Xi'an to go with Zhang, also in order to discuss with Zhang about admonishing Jiang. As soon as the birthday celebration was over, Zhang Xueliang and Yan Xishan went to meet Chiang Kai-shek.The conversation began to cut into the topic from this aircraft performance.As soon as Zhang Xueliang met Jiang, he said: "This time the plane performance is very good, and the plane is also very good." Chiang Kai-shek was immersed in the joy of celebrating his birthday at this time, and when he heard this, he signaled Zhang to continue talking. Zhang Xueliang changed the subject and said, "However, does the chairman know what the attendants said when mobilizing donations?" Chiang Kai-shek hurriedly asked: "How did you say it? Come and listen to it!" 张学良见蒋介石愿意听，就说：“侍从室下达捐款献机的通知时，是打着抗战的旗号。委员长，现在国难当头，民生凋敝，民众之所以能如此踊跃捐献，其热忱完全是出于抗日，是为拥戴委员长领导收复失地，领兵抗日。所以，这次捐献盛况空前。” “是啊，汉卿、百川，听说小学生把买铅笔、糖果的钱都拿出来了，群情如此。”蒋介石顺口说着，突然觉得话茬不对，又一想：这两天这两人一直追着我转来转去，是不是来做说客，劝我来了。于是，笑容顿失，改口道：“抗日，又是抗日，你讲了多少回了。你作为一个军人，应该分清敌人的远近。共产党就在你们的身边、面前，而日本远在千里之外。我们应该先消灭眼前的敌人，免除后顾之忧，然后再去解决远处的敌人。” 蒋介石自己听不进张学良的劝说，反而劝起张学良来：“汉卿，共匪已成强弩之末，短期内不难消灭。消灭了共匪，可以永绝后患。” 张学良觉得蒋介石还是老调重谈，不愿听下去，就把话题转到东北军身上：“我眼看着损失的兵力无法补充，遗下的孤寡无法抚恤，流亡的东北官兵，到西北来'剿共'，离家乡一天比一天远。”说到这儿，他的眼圈湿润了，而“共产党提出中国人不打中国人，停止内战，一致抗日，打回东北老家去，我们的官兵听了怎能不动心。共产党与日寇，究竟谁是中国国家民族的最大敌人？” 对于张学良的又一个提问，蒋介石没有立即回答，而是看了看一言没发的阎锡山，遂把球踢给了阎锡山。既是有求于阎帮助解危，又是放出了一个试探性气球：“百川，你说谁是最大的敌人？”阎锡山见问到自己头上，就按照与张学良商量好的话说：“依我看还是日寇。汉卿讲的停止内战，实行中华民族的抗日，很有道理。” 阎锡山不仅没能帮助蒋介石劝说张学良，而且证实了张、阎二人这几天形影不离，就是充当说客的。蒋介石立刻生怒，打断了他的话：“不要说了！我现在只要你们答复我一句话，到底是我该服从你们呢？还是你们该服从我？” 蒋介石的这番话说得很重，二人觉得蒋已把话说绝，不能再谈下去了，只好告退。临走之前，蒋介石还告诫他们：我叫你们打共产党，你们就全力“剿共”，不要三心二意，不要向我来讲什么“团结抗日”的老调。这道理我不懂吗，我蒋某人难道不抗日吗？我心里比你们还急！只是共产党在我们背后捣乱，不消灭他们，我们能安心抗日吗？这么个简单道理，你们都想不明白！ 晚上，张、阎二人密谈了许久。分手时，阎拉着张的手说： 汉卿呀！看委员长态度，咱们不能再说话了，只有咱们以后看机会慢慢地做罢。 这句话到底意味着什么，可以作多种解读。张学良以为这是阎锡山的某种默许，即以后一旦时机成熟，他举旗抗日时阎锡山会声援和支持他。就是凭着这句话，张学良后来误以为阎会支持他对蒋实行“兵谏”的。 第二天，蒋介石在洛阳军分校阅兵并发表讲话。这时他还没有从前一天与张学良、阎锡山谈话的阴影中解脱出来。因此，一开头就讲起了“剿共”问题，并且别出心裁地把联共与汉奸联系起来。他严厉地说： 汉奸有两种：一种是无知识的低级汉奸，如李守信、王英，另外有一种有知识有组织的高等汉奸。他们出卖整个国家与民族，实为汉奸之尤者……现在断不能用任何理由去主张联共，否则就要出卖国家民族，存心与共匪同声相应，甘心为共产党下面的二等汉奸。 听了蒋介石这番话，张学良顿觉心灰意冷。正如他自己回忆时所说：“蒋公在阅兵后训话，痛斥共匪为大汉奸，主张容共者，比之殷汝耕不如，良聆听之下，有如冷水浇头，良欲向蒋公陈情者，至是则绝望矣，沮丧万分，回至寝室，自伤欲泣，为端纳、阎百川先生所见，皆赠以温言相慰。” 张学良觉得没有必要继续留在洛阳，遂登机返回西安。一路上他做出态度已然转变的样子，在飞机上故意对何柱国放话：“阎百川饱经世故，昨夜劝我不能再谈停止内战，共同抗日之事，我已决心不再谈了。”张学良是有意让他这一番话不胫而走，造成一种掩护。同时，他也在构想回去应该怎么办。 ★蒋介石的顽固不化，考验着张学良的执著；张学良不间断的苦谏、哭谏。寄望于最后一刻能感化蒋介石。蒋、张二人的是非判断针锋相对谁都不肯让步 张学良自从11月1日在洛阳被蒋介石公开羞辱之后，即开始考虑万一蒋介石最终不同意停止“剿共”、发动抗日该作何种打算。摆在张学良面前的有三种方案可供选择：第一，和蒋告别，自己辞职走开；第二，口头对蒋作最后的诤谏，使蒋能在最后时刻改变误国之策；第三，采取非常行动，实行类似于“兵谏”的办法“逼蒋抗日”。 第一种方案，对于像张学良这位急切希望洗刷“不抵抗”耻辱，收回桑梓故乡的爱国将领来讲，是不会选择的，那样不仅对不起乃父的在天之灵，而且对不起国家，对不起东北父老，对不起东北军的几十万将士。 第三种方案，是万般无奈之举，对于张学良这样重情义、讲忠信的人来讲，非万不得已，是不会采取此种极端办法的。至少这时的张学良与蒋介石还有着无法割舍的感情。 剩下的办法只有继续劝谏蒋介石的第二种方案了。 张学良对此一方案的信心却是明显不足。11月4日，他带着西北“剿总”参谋长晏道刚飞往兰州，以拜会甘肃绥靖公署主任朱绍良、甘肃省省长于学忠，商谈“剿共”事宜之名，与共产党接头商讨下一步的行动办法。他首先将自己的想法告知了周恩来，随后中共便急派叶剑英到西安带来中共的详细停火计划和由毛泽东签署的正式停战协议。协议提出：如果东北军今后的军事行动都是完全针对日本侵略军的，就把红军的指挥权移交给张学良将军。张学良建议，红军向北撤退，创造一个缓冲地带，红军果真撤离瓦窑堡，向北驻扎于靖边、安边、定边一带。张学良从这件事上体会到：共产党为了民族的利益，说到做到，是完全值得信赖的。他决心把自己与共产党达成的协议当作誓言，决不轻易背弃。从此，红军与东北军的关系由互不侵犯发展到相互合作。后来，张学良在回忆这段经历时，留下了这样一段文字： 良由洛返陕，答复共党，一时无法向蒋公请求实行停战计划，遂与共相约商，局部暂停，仍由良担负向蒋介石从容陈情。共党曾派叶剑英来见，并携有双方停战计划和毛泽东之约书，愿在抗日前提下，共同合作，军队则听受指导。良要求彼等须暂向北撤退，以期隔离，给予时间，容余酝酿。彼等认为河套地瘠天寒，需棉衣和补给，良赠以巨额私款赠之，令彼自筹，共党遂撤出瓦窑堡，向三边北行。 这段文字虽然不长，但却准确地反映了为了抗日这一共同的事业，张学良与红军的良好合作与配合。其中提到的“赠以巨额私款”，其实远不止此，随巨款一起的还有不菲的物资。这不仅解了红军的燃眉之急，还救了中共高级领导人邓小平的一条命。1992年5月，邓小平的女儿邓榕在纪念聂荣臻去世的文章中说：“父亲邓小平罹患严重的副伤寒，昏迷不醒，什么东西都不吃，生命垂危。当时任中央红军先遣队政委的聂荣臻把张学良送来的一些罐装牛奶全给了邓小平。正是靠了这些牛奶，才救了邓小平的命。” 正当张学良穿梭于陕甘之间，设法打开僵局，为尽快实现联共抗日大计而努力的时候，绥远抗战爆发。东北军群情振奋，强烈要求援绥抗日。集国难家仇于一身的张学良，深受抗日氛围的感染，他于11月27日上书蒋介石，请缨率部开赴抗日前线。但蒋介石以“时机尚未成熟”，否决了他的要求。 这次上书再一次加重蒋介石对他的成见。蒋在28日的日记中这样写道：“张学良要求带兵抗日，而不愿'剿共'，此其做事无最后五分钟之坚定也。亦其不知做事应有段落。告一段落后，始可换一段落。始终本末与次节之理，何其茫然也。可叹！” 从蒋介石的日记看，尽管蒋对张的训斥一次比一次严厉，尽管张学良之所为使其在蒋处已然“失宠”，但蒋介石此时却没有像以往对待政敌那样去对待他，可见他们之间的关系确实是十分特殊的。 蒋介石可以把张学良当作晚辈那样不给面子，外界的人却把它看作是一个非常严重的事情，连蒋氏的心腹幕僚都觉得“甚是不妥”。就在蒋介石针对张学良大骂汉奸的当天，蒋的侍从室主任钱大钧马上找到东北军的何柱国，托他转告张学良：不要多虑，蒋公的脾气说完就过去了。蒋介石安插在西安“剿总”的参谋长晏道刚，也向蒋发去电报，给张学良转圜。这份由晏拍发的所谓“有亥”电文说： 东北军自去冬陕北直罗镇役之后，109、110师遭受重大损失，中央不予补充，还要取消110师的番号，因而对中央颇有怨望。他们对“剿共”心怀畏怯，认为“剿共”不是他们的前途。东北地方被日寇侵占后，一些军官家属逃到关内，流离失所，生活极感困苦。对日寇敌忾同仇，是东北军官兵普遍心理。前线官兵已有许多与共产党联系。张副司令心中痛苦，指挥确有困难，万望对于张副司令不要督责过严，使他难以忍受。张副司令曾经请求开赴绥远前线抗日，此时可否考虑将东北军开赴绥远、察哈尔一带，担任抗日前线作战。 蒋介石对这封电文是重视的，曾反复考虑是否派张领兵绥远。但最终还是于12月2日否决了张的请求、晏的建议。 获悉蒋介石的决定后，张学良只身一人驾机飞往洛阳，晋见蒋介石，准备冒死再行力劝。 行前，张学良曾表示：“他如果仍是那样蔑视我的意见，对我发动抗战毫无诚意，我将考虑我自己的问题。”蒋介石抑或是猜到了张学良的心思，或受到了晏道刚电文的影响，见到张后格外客气，并主动表示，可以恢复在崂山和榆林桥战役中被红军歼灭而被取消的东北军两个师的番号。 但张学良不为所动，直言剖白“剿共”不得军心民心，要求东北军开赴前线抗日。对此，蒋介石一口回绝说：“你的责任就是'剿共'，不许到前线抗战，若要不然，就把你撤掉。”这是蒋介石第一次公开地向张提出撤职问题，是恫吓，还是警告，后人不得而知，但往下发展的事态说明，蒋介石的“撤职牌”没有发挥效应。 张学良把话题转到释放“七君子”上。 “七君子”就是11月23日国民党在上海逮捕的沈钧儒、章乃器、李公朴、邹韬奋、王造时、史良、沙千里等7名爱国人士。他们7人都是上海各界救国领袖，主张宣传抗日救亡。南京国民政府指控他们的罪名是：“非法组织所谓上海各界救国会后，托名救国，肆意造谣”，“勾结'赤匪'，妄倡人民阵线”，“密谋鼓动上海总罢工，以遂其扰乱治安，颠覆政府之企图”。 张学良建议蒋把“七君子”放了。他说：“上海的几位救国领袖究竟犯了什么罪，我想全国大多数人谁也不晓得。事实上，他们根本就没有罪，如果说他们也有罪，那就真成了沈钧儒所说的，是'爱国未遂罪'了。” 蒋介石还是没有同意张学良的建议，说这是政治需要，他让张学良不要管政治上的事，而要专心“剿共”。这时，张学良突然跪了下来，眼含热泪，一句一顿地说： 委员长，不是学良非要违背你的意愿，实是几年来国难家仇，使学良中夜彷徨，有鲠在喉！委员长，请您正视一下现实吧，这些年来，党争兵争，亿兆愁苦，内失统一之力，外无御侮之能。而自家同胞依然战祸连绵，生灵涂炭。灾荒无救，饥馑在途，这样下去，将是人无乐生之心，国有累卵之危…… 堂堂七尺男儿，身居国民党的中常委，为了国家和民族，不惜向蒋介石下跪，其言何其真诚，其情何其感人，但依然不为蒋介石所动。 不仅如此，蒋介石不等张学良说完，就怒气冲冲地拍了桌子，叱骂张学良：“放肆！” 张学良也是个吃软不吃硬的人。听了蒋介石的话，腾地站了起来，改变语气道：“委员长，请问你这样听不得意见，这样专制，这样摧残爱国人士，你同袁世凯、张宗昌还有什么区别？” 此时，劝说变成了质问。蒋介石平时听惯的全是奉迎和恭维话，此时这样尖锐的批评，哪里受得了。蒋介石也站了起来，指着张学良：“好你个张学良！你太放肆、太狂妄了！全国只有你一个人，除了你张学良，没有第二个人敢这样对我说话，没有第二个人敢这样批评我！”接着又嘶喊着说：“我是委员长，我是革命政府，我这样做就是革命！不服从我，就是反革命，革命的进来，不革命的滚出去！” 张学良不是魏征，蒋介石也不是唐太宗。劝谏变成了吵架，什么问题也没有解决，却使两人的矛盾更加激化了。 如果说，蒋介石于11月1日的“汉奸说”深深刺激了张学良，使他开始考虑一旦蒋介石坚持不改变主意，他在可供择取的三套方案中仍是立足以第二套劝谏方案来解决问题的话，那么到了12月3日与蒋争吵之后，张学良已经开始考虑采用第三套方案，也是最后的无奈之举即对蒋实行“兵谏”的方案了。 张学良从洛阳回到西安，杨虎城正在客厅等候。杨早已从张的神色猜到了劝谏之举是个什么样的结果。在张学良介绍了劝谏的情况并征求杨的意见时，杨虎城就顺势提出了类似于“兵谏”的建议。 杨虎城主张“兵谏”，下这一决心比张学良要容易得多。从杨的角度看：只有这个办法才能逼迫蒋介石停止内战，推动全国一致抗战局面的出现。同时，这对17路军的发展来说也是有利的，可以使17路军避免遭受两面夹击的窘境，也有利于彻底解决杨本人与蒋介石之间的矛盾。 张学良就不同了，他与蒋介石的私人关系较好，在国民党内的地位较高，受蒋的影响较大。他始终相信蒋介石能领导全国抗日收复失地，所以真诚地拥护蒋介石。但是，这次听到杨虎城的“兵谏”建议时，虽然没有明确表态，但也并没有表示反对。这说明他的态度开始转变。张学良后来在回忆中谈及这一细节时，这样说道： 迨自洛阳返来，心情十分懊丧，对杨谈及蒋公难以容纳余等之意见，该时良对蒋公发有怨言，并问计于杨，彼有何高策，可以停止内战，敦促蒋公领导实行抗日之目的。杨反问良，是否真有抗日决心？良誓志以对。杨遂言待蒋公来西安，余等可行“挟天子以令诸侯”之故事。良闻之愕然，沉默未语，彼露有惧色，良即抚慰之曰：“余非卖友求荣之辈，请勿担心，不过汝之策，在余有不能之者。”彼遂讥良乃感情作用，以私忘公。良答以“容余思考商讨，请其安心，余绝不同任何人道之彼之意见也。” 12月4日，也就是张学良从洛阳返回的第二天，蒋介石也来到了西安。两天之后，蒋介石召见张、杨，公开摊牌。蒋介石说：“无论如何，此时须讨伐共产党。如果反对这个命令，中央不能不给以相应的处置。”接着，蒋提出两个方案供张、杨选择：（一）服从“剿共命令”，将东北军和17路军全部开赴陕甘前线，进攻陕北苏区，“中央军”在后面接应督战；（二）如不愿“剿共”，就将东北军和17路军分别调到福建和安徽，陕甘两省让给“中央军”去“剿共”。 蒋介石提出的这两个方案，都是张、杨绝对不能接受的。按照第一个方案，不仅张、杨自己不愿意打内战，而且他们的部队也不愿意打内战。与红军的几次作战已经使他们损失惨重，再打下去将会自我毁灭。按照第二套方案，张、杨两军都要离开西北，互相还要分开，不仅两军不能联合，而且得不到红军的支