Chapter 78 Construction of Zhaojin Revolutionary Base

In order to meet the urgent needs of the rapid development and consolidation of the Shaanxi-Gansu border revolutionary base centered on Zhaojin, under the leadership of the Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China.The Shaanxi-Gansu border party, government, and military leadership organizations have been established one after another. The establishment of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Special Committee of the Communist Party of China.On January 4, 1933, the Provincial Party Committee decided to establish the CPC Shaanxi-Gansu Border Special Committee in the base area.In mid-January, Jin Science was instructed by the Provincial Party Committee to arrive at the Zhaojin Revolutionary Base to be responsible for the formation of a special committee.On March 8, the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Special Committee of the Communist Party of China was formally established.Jin Like served as secretary, Xi Zhongxun served as secretary of the Military Commission, and Shi Keshou served as secretary of the Special Committee of the regiment.In June, Jin Like was transferred back to the provincial party committee, and Qin Wushan succeeded him as secretary of the special committee.After the establishment of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Special Committee.Attaches great importance to the establishment of rural grassroots party organizations. With the active help of the 26th Red Army, the special committee leads cadres to mobilize the masses, cultivate backbones, and develop conscious poor peasants to join the party and establish rural party branches. .Villages such as Yuyuan, Beiliang, Heitianyu, Jinpen, Laoyeling, and Xiangshan initially established secret party branches.After a period of arduous and meticulous work on the subject, a number of township and city inch party branches were established.And set up a district committee.The General Headquarters of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Guerrilla Army was established.In the process of opening up base areas, the people actively joined the guerrillas and quickly expanded the guerrilla team. At the same time, the Xiangshan, Yuyuan, Zhaojin, Xunyi, and Yijun guerrillas were established one after another.The establishment of guerrillas was expanded, and the number of guerrillas in the border area has grown to eighteen, with a number of more than 900 people.In order to unify the leadership of the guerrillas and coordinate the actions of the various guerrillas, the Provincial Party Committee instructed the Red Twenty-Sixth Army on March 7, 1933, "Should set up a headquarters immediately to command the border areas of Yaoxian and Yijun. The guerrilla army is actively engaged in guerrilla warfare."According to the instructions of the Provincial Party Committee, the general headquarters of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Guerrilla Army was established in mid-March, with Li Miaozhai, a special commissioner of the 26th Red Army, as the general commander. (Huang Ziwen took over later; after Huang Diao left, Li Miaozhai was still in charge: in September, Li Miaozhai died and was succeeded by Wu Daifeng).After the establishment of the general headquarters of the guerrillas on the Shaanxi-Gansu border, the guerrillas were further rectified politically and organizationally, the political and military qualities of the guerrillas were improved, and organizational discipline was strengthened.The guerrillas closely matched the main force of the Red Army and made important contributions to the development of the new Soviet area in Zhaojin.first.Actively provide information for the Red Army and lead the way.Early 1933.Liu Decai, the chief of the Babao Bao who did many crimes, left the stronghold of Hougou Village and went to Zhaojin Village to pick quarrels and bully the people.The masses immediately reported to the Red Army.Upon hearing the news, the Red Army rushed to Zhaojin Village, captured Liu Decai alive, and held a mass meeting to enumerate his crimes and suppress them.Soon, Zhang Yanning's confidant Sun Xiaoli led more than ten regiment members to Zhaojin City to collect grain and collect money.The masses sent information to the Red Army.The Red Army immediately surrounded Zhaojin Village and captured Sun Xiaoli and the rest of the regiment alive.After being educated by the Red Army, the regiment was released, and Sun Xiaoli, who committed the heinous crime, was sentenced to death.The masses also took the initiative to lead the way for the Red Army and captured Ma Jinghai, the head of the Jiubao Bao.Under the resolute attack of the main Red Army, the people and the guerrillas, the enemy's Baojia system in the Zhaojin area quickly disintegrated, and the Zhang Yanning militia had to hide in Hougou stockade for a long time because of heavy planing, until they surrendered.Second, assist the main Red Army to attack.When the main Red Army attacked in the Zhaojin area, the guerrillas often provided full assistance.During the battle when the Red Army raided Niu Village to guard the militia.The guerrillas cut off the enemy's rear; when attacking the Miaowan militia, everyone in the guerrillas hung a two-foot red cloth head logo on their shoulders to assist the main Red Army in launching multiple storms.Third, coordinate the actions of the main Red Army.After the defeat in the Miaowan battle, the main Red Army moved to the outer line area around Zhaojin to find opportunities to wipe out the enemy.In order to cope with the actions of the main Red Army, Li Miaozhai wrote a letter to Chang Laoshi, the leader of the Liulin Militia, under the guise of Chang Mouzi, a bandit from Malanchuan, pretending to be reorganized in Yumen. Favorable conditions have been created.Fourth, raise supplies and funds for the main Red Army.The Yuyuan guerrillas had been to the Tuqiaoyuan area many times to attack the manors of the gentry, capture the false security chiefs, and order them to pay money or buy materials such as flashlights and rain gear for our army.

The establishment of the Shaanxi-Gansu Frontier Revolutionary Committee.With the expansion of base areas and the rapid development of mass struggles, the establishment of a democratic regime for workers and peasants has been put on the agenda.On March 15, 1933, the "Instruction Letter" issued by the Provincial Party Committee to the Red Twenty-Sixth Army pointed out that "the vast masses of workers, peasants and toilers in the border areas have gone through the heroic struggle of the Red Twenty-sixth Army. The development of the mass struggle has been carried out more extensively, and the struggle has deepened. The masses have voluntarily joined hands to eliminate the rule of the gentry and landlords, and it has reached the stage of the Agrarian Revolutionary Committee and the establishment of the Soviet government.” "The Revolutionary Committee of the Border Region, under the condition of watching the time, is immediately composed of representatives of the Farmers' Federation, the Guerrillas, the Communist Party, and the Red Twenty-six Army. The Revolutionary Committee must perform all the tasks of the regime."In accordance with the instructions of the Provincial Party Committee, the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Special Committee of the Communist Party of China, with the help of the 26th Red Army, hosted the first Workers and Peasants Congress of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region in Zhaojin on April 5, and established the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Revolutionary Committee.Zhou Dongzhi, a poor peasant, was the chairman of the Revolutionary Committee, and Xi Zhongxun was the vice-chairman; under the Revolutionary Committee were functional departments such as land, grain, economy, anti-revolutionaries, and culture and education. Committee member, Wang Wanliang served as anti-revolutionary committee member.

Under the leadership of the Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and the strong support of the Red 26th Army, among them, the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Special Committee, the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Revolutionary Committee, and the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Guerrilla Headquarters consolidated and expanded the Zhaojin Revolutionary Base As the central task, mobilize the people to carry out a series of arduous tasks. 1. In accordance with the outline of the "Land Law" promulgated by the Central Government of the Chinese Soviet, lead the people to confiscate the land of the landlord class, reactionary rich peasants, and temples and temples, distribute it to hired farmers and poor peasants, and provide supplements to middle peasants who lack land.The specific method is that the district and township parties and governments organize the peasant laborers to confiscate a large amount of all the land owned by the landlords, and distribute them household by household according to the combination of population and labor force.And use the method of inserting wooden prongs to distinguish the boundaries.The Shaanxi-Gansu Frontier Revolutionary Committee also solemnly declared that all reactionary divorces and debts would be abolished.The vast number of poor peasants got the land they had longed for for generations, and got rid of the shackles of exorbitant taxes and debts.Land allocation is generally divided into three stages. 1. Launch stage.Xi Zhongxun, Li Miaozhai, Zhou Dongzhi, and Wang Mantang, the leaders of the party, government, and army in the border area, personally led cadres to go deep into the villages, and held mass meetings with grassroots cadres to publicize the significance and policies of land distribution. 2. Organization stage.Usually a supervisor.The village committee, the farmers' federation and the women's association are jointly responsible for determining the distribution targets.Count the number of households, study the distribution plan, etc. 3. Implementation stage.First of all, solemnly announce the confiscation of all landlords and reactionary rich peasants.The land of temples and ancestral halls; secondly, according to the specific conditions of each city, it needs to be distributed in the form of two coins; one is who belongs to who, that is, the tenant farmers' ownership of the skirted land is confirmed, and the rent is no longer paid to the landlord.The second is that representatives of the poor and hired farmers uniformly measure the amount of all confiscated land, determine the standard of each piece of land and register it.Then it is distributed according to the combination of population and labor force.The principle of distribution is: the poor and farm laborers have priority, and the middle peasants who lack land are properly supplemented.

At that time, Yuyuan Township allocated more than 2,000 mu of land occupied by Yaoxian School and Xiangshan Temple; Jinpen Township allocated more than 5,000 mu of land owned by Li Buke, a landowner in Yaoxian County, and Mei Shengyu, a landowner in Chenjiapo; Xiufanggou Village allocated All the land of the big landlord An Dongcai; Dayazi City allocated more than 500 mu of land from the landlord Du Shier.Xingshan, Chenjiapo, Beiliang, Hanjiashan, Yangjiashan, Xiejiazhuang, Laoyeling, Heitianyu, Nantang, Xiaoyazishicun, Lukeping, Tuerliang, Yangliuping, Sunjiashan and other townships, A large amount of land of the big landlords of the Yaoxian Plain, the Pan family, the Lei family, the Shuang family, the Yaoxian school, the Xiangshan temple, and local landlords were allocated.During the land distribution movement, the Shaanxi-Gansu Frontier Revolutionary Committee, in accordance with the decree of the Central Government of the Chinese Soviet, announced the abolition of the tenants, debts and all the exorbitant taxes imposed by the landlord class on the peasants by the reactionary government.

The land distribution movement greatly stimulated the revolutionary enthusiasm of the masses.In order to defend the reality of the struggle and consolidate the development base, Zhaojin people set off an upsurge of joining the army. More than 30 outstanding children joined the main Red Army, and more than a hundred passionate men and healthy women joined the local guerrillas.Many of them gave their young lives in the struggle to defend the base areas.The people in Zhaojin also actively carried out pre-support activities. The men transported food and grass, built fortifications, and built butterfly walls for the troops day and night, while the women worked hard, making military shoes, grinding flour, cooking and washing for the troops.The masses also enthusiastically nursed the wounded and sick of the Red Army and guerrillas.

2. Destroy the grassroots political organs of the Kuomintang.Establish a revolutionary regime for workers and peasants.Awareness is common among the poor peasants.Under the situation of rising revolutionary sentiment, the Special Committee of the Border Region and party organizations at all levels led the peasants to sweep the reactionary Baojia Li government organs and destroy all reactionary systems; Village committees in Xiangshan, Yuyuan, Qijieshi, Laoyeling, Taoquyuan, Malanchuan, etc. elect enlightened and prestigious mass leaders to serve as leading positions in the red regime at all levels.Promulgate revolutionary decrees and establish a new revolutionary order.Township Cun Revolutionary Committees are generally composed of township chairmen and clerks, under the jurisdiction of various administrative city Cun Revolutionary Committees and natural villages, and have a relatively complete administrative system.Taking Jinpen Township as an example, the Township Revolutionary Committee was set up in Jinpen Village, with Cui Jinyou as its chairman and Sui Delang as its secretary.The township revolutionary committee has three administrative village revolutionary committees under its jurisdiction, one is Huxiang Village, the village chairman is Nan Jixiang; the second is Yaogou Village, the village chairman Bai Dongzhang; the third is Fangshicun.The village chairman is Ma Changgui.

3. The establishment of peasant associations in general.Peasant associations generally have one director and several committee members, all of whom are poor peasants with revolutionary consciousness.At that time, the director of Yuyuan Village Farmers Association was Wang Wenqiang; the director of Fangshangbencun Farmers Association was Ma Changgui; the director of Chenjiapo Farmers Association was Wang Mantang; the director of Hanjiashan Farmers Association was Shuang Sanshao; The persons in charge of the Luyuping Farmers Association are Li Longfa and others; in Dayazi Village are Zhang Laowu and others; in Laoyeling are Pan Kejun and Zhu Gui; in Jinpen are Pan Keshun and Ding Yueliang;At the same time when peasant associations were generally established.Women's federations have also been established.Ruan Jinlian, Wang Shi, Yang Xiuzhen and others are the heads of women's associations in Beiliang, Laoyeling and Xiufanggou.The establishment of farmers' associations and women's associations, together with the sabers used by the Red Army, strengthened the working foundation of the Party, the Red Army, and guerrillas in the countryside, and created favorable conditions for the smooth development of base areas.

4. Mass armed organizations shall be generally established to defend the victorious achievements of the revolutionary struggle.According to the wishes and demands of the masses, the party and the government have generally formed peasant red guards and young pioneers in all districts and townships.The Red Guards and Young Pioneers often stood guard.Defend the Red Revolutionary Power.Eliminating hidden enemy agents has made great contributions to maintaining the revolutionary order, assisting the Red Army and guerrillas to carry out guerrilla warfare, and continuously sending outstanding elements to the Red Army and guerrillas.For example, the Red Guards in Jinpen Township once set up checkpoints in the Hujiaxiang and Gaoshanhuai areas on the edge of the Soviet area, interrogated suspicious passers-by, captured several enemy spies, and repelled the reactionary militia groups that came to harass many times, maintaining the The revolutionary order in the Soviet area.

5. Build Xuejiazhai and make it the political, military and economic center of the Zhaojin Revolutionary Base and the rear defense base of the Red Army and guerrillas.Xuejiazhai stands between Heitianyu Village and Jiazhai, and belongs to a branch of Qiaoshan Mountains with Dangjia Mountain and Jingangmiao Mountain.It is about ten miles away from Zhaojin Town.The village is surrounded by Tianyu River (also known as Xiufanggou River), Langan River and Wafang River, and spans Yaoxian County and Xunyi County; the village is tall, surrounded by steep cliffs, with cracks in the middle; Jiashan, Jierjia, Wuzishan, Wunvshan and other peaks are interconnected.The entire cottage is majestic, easy to defend and difficult to attack militarily. According to legend, it was once a camp for some peasants who resisted the official army in history.The taro garden peasant guerrillas chose Xuejiazhai as the offensive and defensive roundabout area at the beginning of their activities.With the establishment of the Shaanxi-Gansu border revolutionary base centered on Zhaojin.In the spring of 1933, the party, government, and military leadership of the border area moved from Tuerliang to Xuejiazhai, and the village became the rear base of the 26th Red Army and various guerrillas and the political, military, and economic center of the Zhaojinsu area. .The Red Twenty-Sixth Army successively built logistics units such as the Red Army Hospital, Clothing Factory, Equipment Repair Institute, and Warehouse on the village.There are three doctors in the Red Army Hospital, all sent by the provincial party committee. They are Chen Shouyin, the director of the clinic, and doctors Bai and Meng.The main task is to rescue, diagnose and treat the seriously injured; there are about 20 to 30 workers in the clothing factory, all of whom are poor women who have experienced the test of revolutionary struggle. The task, also known as the "Women's Guerrilla", was led by a poor woman, Wang Youlian; Hui Zijun was the director of the repairing machinery, and there were at most 40 to 50 workers.Among them, most of the technical belt workers were mobilized by the provincial party committee from Xi'an and other places, and they had a strong revolutionary will.The work is full of enthusiasm, and the main task is to repair and manufacture firearms, prepare explosives, bullets, and grenades for the Red Army and various guerrillas.The Repair Institute once developed a powerful "braid grenade", which played a role in the defense of Xuejiazhai many times; the warehouse is mainly used to store food, various materials and equipment.In order to consolidate the rear base, the border region government has repaired Xuejiazhai.According to the characteristics of the cottage, it focuses on building defensive positions, renovating caves, and establishing logistics storage.Constructed by guerrilla activists and rural activists, it built the North sentry gate, Xiufanggou whistle gate, Dangjiashan, Jierdai and other checkpoints.A large number of pool mines and rolling stone barriers were laid around the checkpoints, and sidewalks were built between the checkpoints.On the narrow road between the five spacious natural caves that are molded on the cliff of Xuejiazhai, thick wooden piles are cut in, and the fences are tied between the wooden piles; or butterfly walls are built to ensure walking safety.

6. In order to break the Kuomintang's blockade of the gold revolutionary base area and activate the economy of the border area, the leading agency of the border area established a market trade in Tingzigou under Xuejiazhai.It created good conditions for the Red Army to collect food and other materials and facilitate the material transactions of the masses.At first, Falcon City stipulated that there would be an episode every five days, and the items on the market were mainly grain and vegetables.Because the logistics department of the border area traded fairly and insisted on letting the masses buy first, the surrounding people actively traded in the market, and many people in the white area also tried their best to bring food and some important materials to sell.Through the establishment of bazaar trade, it not only solved the problem of the Red Army and the guerrillas buying food, vegetable stems and other necessary materials nearby, but also activated the economic exchanges between the masses, thus breaking the enemy's economic blockade of the Soviet area and expanding the Soviet area. influences.

After the above-mentioned work, the revolutionary accumulation of the people in the base areas has been further improved, and many fathers have sent their sons to join the army, and their wives have sent their husbands to join the army.The touching deeds of the brothers joining the army together created a gratifying scene of thriving development in the base area.Xuejiazhai has truly become the political, military, and economic center of Zhaojinsu District.