Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Breakup

When the Kuomintang was in a mess, Zhang Dashuai, who was far away in Beijing, also did a "big thing". On April 6, 1927, Zhang Zuolin sent troops to search the Soviet embassy in China, arrested Li Dazhao and others who were hiding inside, and immediately executed Li Dazhao, tearing his face with the Soviet Union before Chiang Kai-shek. One of his purposes for doing this was to send a "goodwill" signal to Chiang Kai-shek: We have a common enemy, the Soviet Union, and we don't need to be enemies of each other, so as to ease the pressure on him from the Northern Expedition.As for whether Chiang Kai-shek will accept his favor, we will talk about it later.

Of course, the reason why Zhang Zuolin decided to turn against the Soviet Union was mainly because he already hated Russia and its successor, the Soviet Union. When Zhang Zuolin was young, the Russians killed many people and occupied a lot of land in the Northeast. As a native of the Northeast, his attitude towards Russia is self-evident.In addition to personal feelings, his career development has also been seriously threatened by the Soviet Union. This has to start with a railway.When I talked about Li Hongzhang before, I mentioned that in order to control the Northeast, Tsarist Russia built a railway that almost runs through the Northeast, that is, China Dongqing Railway, referred to as the Middle East Railway.Since then, the Russians have used this railway to carry out economic and military expansion in the Northeast.Later, many patriots strongly urged the Beiyang government to take back the Middle East Railway.The power of the masses is great, and it is necessary to listen to the wishes of the masses.Driven by public opinion, the then Beiyang government took advantage of the Soviet government's eagerness to resolve diplomatic difficulties and successfully reached an agreement with the other party: China took back the sovereignty of the railway, and the railway operation rights were jointly managed by China and the Soviet Union.It should be said that the Beiyang government has performed well.But the question is, with the hegemony inherited from Russia, Soviet Russia, and the Soviet Union, how could the Soviets really hand over this railway?

In fact, the section of this railway south of Changchun is controlled by Japan, which won the Russo-Japanese War, and is generally called the South Manchuria Railway; "Controlled - After the October Revolution in 1917, Lenin ordered the "Soviet of Harbin Engineers and Soldiers" to establish a Soviet regime in the expropriated zone of the Middle East Railway (Li Jiagu's "Sino-Soviet Negotiations on the Middle East Railway Issue after the October Revolution"). For a long time, the Soviet Union and Japan have been stumbling Zhang Zuolin and his son around this railway, such as refusing Zhang Zuolin to use the Middle East Railway to attack Feng Yuxiang, etc., which made Lao Zhang and Xiao Zhang very depressed.

In view of the fact that the strength gap between himself and the Soviet Union is too great, as long as the Soviet Union does not touch his bottom line - to overthrow the old Zhang family's family in the Northeast, Zhang Zuolin's attitude towards the Soviet Union has always been tolerable.However, the situation is different now.Because the recent actions of the Soviet Union are getting bigger and bigger. There are Soviet people behind the revolution in the capital, the Anti-Feng War, and the Northern Expedition. The Soviets had some "color" to look at. Although Zhang Zuolin did not dare to launch a war against the Soviet Union, he still dared to kill someone to warn the other party, and the person he planned to kill was Li Dazhao.

Li Dazhao was not only the head of the Communist Party of China in the north, but also the intermediate agent of the Soviet Union, the Comintern, Feng Yuxiang, and the Kuomintang.For Zhang Zuolin, Li Dazhao was the hub of anti-Bong, and killing him could completely achieve the purpose of warning the Soviet Union.This is the fundamental reason why Zhang Zuolin sent troops to search the Soviet embassy in China and executed Li Dazhao on the grounds of "participating in Soviet espionage work and colluding with the Soviet Union to betray China". When Zhang Zuolin fell out with the Soviet Union, the internal strife in the southern national government also reached its peak.

This is the best chance to get rid of the Kuomintang, don't miss this opportunity, never come again! Seeing this good opportunity, Zhang Zuolin decisively decided to strike first. But when Marshal Zhang looked around, he was surprised to find that the available generals were really limited.Guo Songling was killed by himself, Jiang Dengxuan was killed by Guo Songling, Li Jinglin was dismissed by himself, and now only Zhang Zongchang and Han Linchun are left in the "Five Tiger Generals".Although there is a shortage of generals, fortunately there are plenty of soldiers.After some deployment, in May 1927, he divided his troops into two groups and went south with all his strength to eliminate the infighting Nationalist government.

Sun Chuanfang and Zhang Zongchang formed the Zhilu Allied Forces and marched into Anhui and Jiangsu to deal with the Northern Expeditionary Army in the direction of Nanjing. Zhang Xueliang and Han Linchun led the main force of the Feng army to go south to Henan, and cooperated with Wu Peifu to counterattack Wuhan.In fact, Zhang Zuolin's wishful thinking was to take the opportunity to enter Henan and give Wu Peifu's territory to "harmony". But Wu Peifu is not a fool, he firmly rejected Zhang Zuolin's "good intentions", but at the same time he also said that if Zhang Zuolin is willing to provide him with sufficient weapons, ammunition and funds, he is very optimistic about the long-standing and stable development of the friendship between the two sides.Now it's Zhang Zuolin's turn to quit, because Wu Peifu is a real hero. Once he has enough weapons, ammunition and funds, he may make a comeback. This is what Zhang Zuolin doesn't want to see.

Therefore, Zhang Zuolin decided to forcefully "help the poor". As a result, Zhang Xueliang led 100,000 troops into Henan, occupied Xuchang and Zhengzhou, and Wu Peifu retreated to Nanyang. Zhang Zuolin, the target of the revolution, has taken action, how can the National Revolutionary Army show weakness.But the problem is that after the "Ninghan split", Wuhan and Nanjing both claimed to be orthodox and refused to give in to each other.Especially Wang Jingwei, who always regarded himself as orthodox, looked down on Chiang Kai-shek, a frenzied counter-revolutionary.He was planning to send troops to fight against Chiang Kai-shek at this time, but he didn't expect Zhang Zuolin to get in the way, so he had to let him go temporarily.Fighting between Ning and Han was impossible, but cooperation was also impossible, so both sides chose to go it alone—the Northern Expedition alone.

Let me talk about the Northern Expedition in Nanjing first. Chiang Kai-shek didn't pay attention to Zhang Zuolin's previous overtures. After all, everyone is playing politics, and no one knows these tricks.He ordered He Yingqin, Bai Chongxi, and Li Zongren to use the first and seventh armies as the main force to attack the Zhilu coalition forces of Sun Chuanfang and Zhang Zongchang in three routes. The three did a good job and went northward, defeating Sun Chuanfang and Zhang Zongchang in Xuzhou "Xuzhou Great Victory", and then marched into Shandong. But then something happened that forced Chiang Kai-shek to suspend the Northern Expedition and withdraw his main force to defend Nanjing.As for the specifics, we will talk about it later.

Look at the Northern Expedition in Wuhan.The lineup in Wuhan is very strong, with a total of four armies. The first team, Tang Shengzhi, is the main force of his troops. The second route, Zhang Fakui, the main force is the Fourth and Eleventh Armies expanded from the "Fourth Iron Army", and a Hunan Army unit that performed well in the Northern Expedition-the Independent 15th Division, the division commander is He Long member of the Chinese Revolutionary Party. The third route is the warlord troops who surrendered. The fourth route, Feng Yuxiang, the main force is the Northwest Army (National Army) under his command.

The first three routes were under the unified command of Tang Shengzhi. He and Feng Yuxiang happened to be one south and one north, and they attacked Wu Peifu in Henan and Zhang Xueliang's Fengjun from north to south. The early stage of the battle was uneventful, and the Northern Expedition was in full swing. They all rushed to the location of the final battle that Han Linchun, the former commander-in-chief of the Feng army, had already booked: the Linying area (the area near Luohe, Henan today), and he had already made complete preparations here. The terrain here is flat, which is especially suitable for Fengjun's ace-tank troops (with nearly twenty Renault FT-17 tanks imported from France) and artillery units to fight. There is a strong force here, and all the 70,000 main forces of the Feng army are here. Strong fortifications have been built here. This is the battle of life and death! Han Linchun was mentally prepared to die in battle, but Tang Shengzhi, the commander of the Northern Expedition Army, did not want to die. Facing a powerful enemy with strong troops and superior equipment, he was afraid of losing his wealth, so he ordered Zhang Fakui to lead the army to the top and put His troops withdrew. Many historians believe that Tang Shengzhi did this to make the Communists in the "Fourth Iron Army" go to death, which is a manifestation of anti-communism.But in fact, this is probably just his habit - let him take advantage of it, and send others to die. As can be expected, this is definitely a fierce battle. But no one would have expected that on the second day of the war, a rising star would fall during the battle against Linying City. He was Jiang Xianyun, head of the 77th Regiment of the 11th Army and the party representative, the head of the "Three Heroes of Huangpu".At that time, he took the lead and rode his horse to charge. He was severely wounded three times in a row and still could not leave the battlefield. Three servants fought three times and insisted on commanding the attack. "The No. 1 Man in Huangpu" left tragically and tragically in such a hasty way. With his great talent, there should have been a wider stage waiting for him to splash ink! The battle in the southeast is still difficult, and the sword energy rises to Wusheng Pass. The sad wind through the ages is Linying Road, and the Central Plains bears seeing the generals and stars. It's so sad!Comrades, follow in the footsteps of Jiang Xianyun! After three days of bloody battles, the Fourth Army and the Eleventh Army paid thousands of casualties, conquered Linying, killed more than ten thousand Fengjun troops, and the main force of Fengjun was defeated. At the beginning of June, the Wuhan Northern Expedition Army and Feng Yuxiang's National Army successfully joined forces. Wu Peifu became an absconded polished commander, and has been playing soy sauce ever since.Zhang Xueliang led the remnants to flee to the north of the Yellow River. Afterwards, Yan Laoxier, who combined the essence of snobbery and snobbery, saw that Wu Peifu and Zhang Zuolin were finished one after another, so he hung the blue sky and white sun flag, announced his appointment as the commander-in-chief of the National Revolutionary Army in the North, and began to make trouble, beating Zhang Zuolin, the dog in the water . At this moment, a fire broke out in the backyard of the Wuhan government, and there were two big fires. Tang Shengzhi was forced to withdraw his troops and return to the division. Let's look at the first fire first. This fire was lit in Changsha, Hunan, and the person who lit it was Tang Shengzhi's subordinate He Jian.He Jian was originally the division commander of Tang Shengzhi's Eighth Army, and later became the commander of the expanded 35th Army, a senior officer belonging to the Northern Expeditionary Army in Wuhan. Not long after Chiang Kai-shek cleared the party, some communists who had worked in Shanghai, Nanjing and other places gathered around the Nationalist Government in Wuhan to vigorously denounce Chiang Kai-shek’s criminal acts while continuing to carry out the workers’ and peasants’ movement.Wang Jingwei himself was a staunch supporter of the three major policies, and naturally he also supported the workers and peasants movement, but something happened that he did not expect. As mentioned earlier, the peasant association movement was relatively radical, and the overthrow of the "local tyrants and evil gentry" was the main activity.At this time, most of the officers in the National Revolutionary Army, including those from the Whampoa Military Academy, were educated intellectuals, because they came from families of "local tyrants and evil gentry"—after all, it is difficult for ordinary worker-peasant families to have the financial strength to support their children's education. , not to mention poor peasant families.In other words, the officers of the National Revolutionary Army from the countryside were mostly rich peasants and landlords.When these soldiers learned that their parents and relatives had been scourged and even executed in their hometown, they were naturally filled with righteous indignation: I risked my life for the revolution, but you revolutionized my life behind my back, what is this? ! Commander He's father also belonged to the downtrodden "local tyrants and evil gentry".Commander He's father was ransacked first, then kidnapped and paraded through the streets. On May 21, 1927, He Jian ordered his subordinate Xu Kexiang to launch a mutiny in Changsha, destroying the Hunan Federation of Trade Unions, farmers' associations, and farmers' workshops, disarming the workers' pickets and farmers' self-defense forces, releasing all the "local tyrants and evil gentry" in custody, killing More than a hundred members of the Communist Party, leftists of the Kuomintang, and workers and peasants were killed.This event is known as the "Ma-Day Incident" in history. As a result, the activities of the Communists in Changsha became particularly difficult.Mao Zedong's second wife, Yang Kaihui, was also killed by He Jian in 1930. But what is strange is that Changsha is under the rule of the Wuhan Nationalist Government and is under the jurisdiction of Wang Jingwei. Wang Jingwei has not yet turned against the Communist Party. The position of He Jian and Xu Kexiang’s big boss Tang Shengzhi is also very clear: support Wang and oppose Chiang, then He Jian and Xu Kexiang Why act on your own?Don't they understand that what they are doing is rebellion? To be fair, the IQs of He Jian and Xu Kexiang are not low, they are normal people.But with the degree to which He Jian's father was bullied, it seems that it is not enough for a normal person to do things that make the whole family lose their heads, right?The answer is simple, someone is behind it.The person standing behind them is their new boss, Chiang Kai-shek. The evidence is quite obvious. On the day of the mutiny, Xu Kexiang announced his support for Chiang Kai-shek's Nanjing National Government, and then led his troops to defect to Nanjing before the attack of the former boss Tang Shengzhi came.As for He Jian, he has been very popular with Chiang Kai-shek since then, and he is the vanguard of his "anti-communism". After the "Ma-Day Incident", the Communist Party appealed to the Wuhan Nationalist Government, demanding that "unlawful officers" be punished. However, "benefits are the last word."The excessive behavior of the workers and peasants movement has harmed the interests of the majority of Kuomintang members, causing the Kuomintang officials of the Wuhan government to have doubts and resistance to the policy of the Communist Party of China. approve. To briefly explain, the Communist Party in this period had no autonomy, and was in a period of "blind obedience" to the Comintern. For example, joining the Kuomintang, cracking down on local tyrants, and dividing land were all the results of following the instructions of the Comintern.This was because the Communist Party at that time was immature, with no bases or sources of income, and the funds were basically provided by the Communist International.In other words, its economic lifeline was tightly held in the hands of the Soviet Union. The drastic change in the situation in China gave rise to a political struggle in the Comintern, in Moscow as well. As the power struggle between Stalin and Trotsky had entered its final moments, the two were at odds with each other on the China issue.Stalin was a realist and demanded that the Communist Party maintain cooperation with the Kuomintang before the Kuomintang unified China.Trotsky was a radical, demanding that the Communist Party abandon the Kuomintang and establish a real Soviet regime through violent revolution. Therefore, under the pressure of these two big bosses, the Communist International did not consider the status and situation of the CCP at all, nor the situation of Wang Jingwei, nor the actual national conditions of China. On May 31, 1927, the Communist International issued such a Contradictory magical order to the Communist Party. On the one hand, it puts forward corrective propositions such as "we must fight against excesses" and "don't touch the land of officers and soldiers", but on the other hand it requires: "mobilize 20,000 Communist Party members and 50,000 revolutionary workers and peasants in the Lianghu area to form their own Army", "establish a revolutionary military tribunal headed by famous Kuomintang members and non-communists to punish reactionary officers", "absorb new workers and peasant leaders from the lower levels to join the Kuomintang Central Committee, and change the current composition of the Kuomintang." This is the important content of the famous "May Instructions". But the problem is, for the communists who have just experienced the "April 12" massacre, this is an impossible task. What is even more exaggerated is that the Soviet Union even informed Wang Jingwei of the "May Instructions", hoping that Wang Jingwei could assist the Communists in completing this task. The Comintern did not take into account the situation of the Wuhan Nationalist Government led by Wang Jingwei at all. At this moment, the situation of the Wuhan Nationalist Government is very bad. Firstly, the two lake areas controlled by the Wuhan government were in economic recession due to the radical worker-peasant movement, and the economic situation of the Wuhan Nationalist government was already in jeopardy. Second, Chiang Kai-shek set fire to the sidelines to make trouble.I'll talk about this later. Three years ago, according to reliable sources, Feng Yuxiang, who had never been firm in his stance, seemed to have changed his stance again.This matter is more complicated, and I will elaborate on it later. In short, Wang Jingwei is under tremendous work pressure at this time.Therefore, when he saw the "May Instructions" of the Communist International, he exploded in anger. He immediately went to the Soviet adviser Borodin and vented his full of resentment to him: the first article of the "Sun Wenyuefei Joint Declaration" said, In fact, neither the Communist organization nor the Soviet system can be applied to China.Now your Communist Party not only wants to establish its own army and political power, but also wants to disintegrate our Kuomintang from within!Borodin, you are treacherous!The national government doesn't need you anymore, you can go back to your country! Borodin naturally knew this instruction. Being in China, he knew the actual situation in China far better than the officials and lords at the headquarters, so he firmly opposed this ultra-left approach. Borodin was not the only one who thought this way, Chen Duxiu also believed that the instructions of the Communist International were very unreliable. Therefore, the two agreed that the understanding of the Wuhan Nationalist Government should be obtained, and the "May Instruction" should not be implemented for the time being, so as to help Wang Jingwei and not force him into another Chiang Kai-shek. What Chen Duxiu didn't expect was that most of the party members headed by Zhang Guotao opposed his opinion, thinking that he was "rightist opportunism" and a line of compromise and surrender, and his power in the party was suspended.As a result, at the emergency meeting held in Hankou on August 7, 1927, the "August 7th Meeting", the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China simply revoked Chen Duxiu's five consecutive terms as General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and Chen Duxiu faded out of the Chinese political arena.At the meeting, Mao Zedong said a very insightful sentence: In the future, we must pay great attention to military affairs, and we must know that political power is obtained by the barrel of a gun. The topic returns to the "May Instructions". On July 13, under the instructions of the Communist International, the Provisional Central Committee of the Communist Party issued the "Declaration on the Current Situation", publicly exposing the various reactionary crimes of Wang Jingwei's Wuhan Nationalist Government and the Kuomintang Central Committee's intention to betray the revolution, and at the same time announced that the CCP withdrew from the Nationalist Government. On July 15, Wang Jingwei held an emergency meeting. Wang Jingwei issued an important instruction at the meeting - we will not engage in "forced purges" like Chiang Kai-shek, we will protect the personal freedom of communists, and we will engage in "peaceful division of the Communist Party".The meeting also passed the "unification of the party's policy bill", requiring the Communist Party members serving in the national government and the Kuomintang must leave the party within a few days, otherwise they will all stop their posts. This incident is commonly known as the "July 15th Incident". Obviously, Wang Jingwei's approach was much milder than that of Chiang Kai-shek.But then a major event happened, which made the always gentle Wang Jingwei release his classic saying-"I would rather kill a thousand by mistake than let one go." But if we want to clarify this matter, we have to start with the fire that Chiang Kai-shek lit for the Wuhan government. As mentioned before, Wang Jingwei originally planned to send troops to clean up Chiang Kai-shek, but was disturbed by Zhang Zuolin's large-scale southward movement.Wang Jingwei's idea at the time was to resolve the external conflict with Zhang Zuolin first, and then resolve the internal conflict with Chiang Kai-shek.From this point of view, Wang Jingwei is a "kind" person, after all, he gave Chiang Kai-shek enough breathing time. Chiang Kai-shek was more insidious. Although he was busy with the Northern Expedition and had little time to spare, he still took the time to think about a social problem: how to increase Wang Jingwei's workload so that the other party was in a hurry and had no time to trouble himself.After careful consideration, this man made a lot of tricks in private.For example, taking advantage of the anti-communist psychology of the Sichuan warlords Liu Xiang, Liu Wenhui, Deng Xihou, and Yang Sen who had been involved in the "War of Protecting the Nation" and other incidents, they led troops out of Sichuan to attack Wang Jingwei, and Xia Douyin, a subordinate of Tang Shengzhi, counterattacked Wuhan. Chiang Kai-shek set fires everywhere, and Wang Jingwei spent a lot of energy and resources to put out all the fires before and after the "July 15th Incident". But honest people also have a temper, and once it explodes, you may not be able to resist it!Wang Jingwei, who had recovered his breath, was determined to learn from the experience and lessons of the last time, and solved Chiang Kai-shek and the Communist Party together. The preparations will be ready soon, let's start. In mid-July 1927, Wang Jingwei appointed Tang Shengzhi as the commander-in-chief and Zhang Fakui as the vanguard, leading the army to march eastward, "anti-communist and overthrowing Chiang Kai-shek", and strived for the rule of law of the Nationalist government. Commander-in-Chief Tang and Zhang Daxian were high-spirited and high-spirited, and they went down the river and quickly arrived at the front line of Jiujiang, Jiangxi. Subsequently, Wang Jingwei and his working team arrived at the tourist attraction - Lushan Mountain in Jiangxi Province.Wang Jingwei did not come to Lushan for business trips to engage in "unhealthy business travel" and "training corruption", he really came to work.There are two important things that require him to make a quick decision. One is to draw up a specific battle plan, and the other is to discuss how to share among Zhang Fakui's troops. Wang Jingwei put up such a big battle and the situation was so severe that Chiang Kai-shek had to withdraw his elite main force to defend against Wuhan's eastern expedition.This is why Chiang Kai-shek had to suspend the Northern Expedition before. Chiang Kai-shek wanted to lift a stone to hit Wang Jingwei, but he hit his own foot. It seems that one must be kind! However, even when Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei were killed, they could not have imagined that their internal strife would trigger two super-major incidents.For these two dear friends, August 1927 was really "Black August". The first major event is related to the Communist Party. After the "July 15th Incident", the Communists who had completely broken with the Kuomintang decided to resort to armed insurrection.This task was entrusted to Zhou Enlai, the leader of the young and strong faction in the party and who was familiar with the military circles. Zhou Enlai's first thought was to instigate Zhang Fakui, who was stationed in Nanchang, to lead his troops southward, return to Guangzhou to establish a political power, and separate from Nanjing and Wuhan. Why did you think of uniting Zhang Fakui first? Relying on his outstanding performance in the Northern Expedition and his firm stance in supporting Wang Jingwei in the "Ninghan Split" incident, Zhang Fakui was quickly promoted by Wang Jingwei to the commander of the Second Front Army, and he was in charge of the No. The 20th Army expanded from the Fourth Army, the 11th Army and the He Long Independent 15th Division.In terms of military strength, Zhang Fakui is definitely a super giant in the National Revolutionary Army, and Tang Shengzhi, who has a higher official position than him, can also lift his shoes for him. Zhang Fakui not only holds an elite division, but more importantly, Zhang Fakui has the largest number of Communist Party members, as well as the largest number of Kuomintang leftists and independents who sympathize with the Communist Party, and most of them hold high positions. Ye Ting, commander of the army, and He Long, commander of the 20th army. Ye Ting introduced before that under the leadership of Zhou Enlai, he created the first regular army under the control of the Communist Party - the Ye Ting Independent Regiment. Here I will focus on explaining He Long.He is a native of Hunan, born in poverty, and belongs to the pure proletariat. He has no military school education. He joined Sun Yat-sen's Chinese Revolutionary Party at the age of 18. He rose up in the "War to Protect the Nation" and participated in the melee of warlords. , and later led the army to join the Northern Expedition halfway through, and worked hard to get to the current position of army commander.Although he was quite sympathetic to communism, he was not yet a member of the communist party at this time.Especially after "April 12" and "July 15" just happened, He Long dared to stand on the side of the Communist Party. In fact, Zhang Fakui, He Long's superior leader at this time, can barely be regarded as interesting. After "April 12", he did not "Qing the Communist Party", and after "July 15", he did not "separate the Communist Party".He did this because he was more sympathetic to the Communist Party, and because he didn't want to abolish his martial arts. After all, the best talents of the Communist Party stood up the backbone of the Second Front Army. But now it is impossible not to divide. One of the purposes of Wang Jingwei's coming to Lushan is to let him "share and share", and score points even if he doesn't want to.At the military conference held in Lushan, Zhang Fakui was forced to agree to the plan of "split the communist party" after encountering a siege: trick Ye Ting and He Long into Lushan for detention, and then surround and disarm their troops with superior forces. If Wang Jingwei is allowed to complete this matter, I am afraid that modern Chinese history will have to be rewritten.However, this extremely important secret message was leaked. The person who leaked this news was Ye Jianying who was attending the meeting at Lushan Mountain. After "April 12", Ye Jianying, who was originally a direct descendant of Chiang Kai-shek, sent a telegram to oppose Chiang in Jiangxi, and then defected to Wuhan Wang Jingwei, who was then the chief of staff of the Fourth Army.It seems that Ye Jianying is a staunch leftist of the Kuomintang, but this is only a superficial phenomenon. In fact, Ye Jianying has secretly joined the Communist Party a few days ago. Gantang Lake near Lushan Mountain in Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province - the place where Zhou Lang of the Three Kingdoms practiced his navy, and where the "Jinyue Pavilion" in Bai Juyi's "Pipa Xing" is, with blue waves and Kuanglu reflection.A small wooden boat drifted with the current, leisurely and comfortable, but Ye Jianying, Ye Ting and He Long on board couldn't relax. Ye Jianying brought definite news that Wang Jingwei was about to attack, and Zhang Fakui was unreliable. Seeing the urgency of the situation, Ye Ting and He Long immediately decided to go to Nanchang to join Zhou Enlai, lead an uprising, and go south to Guangzhou to open up a new world. No one would have imagined that one of the most important decisions in modern Chinese history was born on this small boat. At two o'clock in the morning on August 1, an armed uprising led by Zhou Enlai, He Long, and Ye Ting, the most famous and highest-ranked soldiers, broke out. After four hours of fierce fighting, more than 20,000 rebel soldiers successfully captured Nanchang City. Although the uprising process was uneventful, the light of the uprising participants was bright enough for this night of history. These people escaped death, and after going through wind and rain, they finally survived until 1955 when they were awarded the title. Zhou Enlai, He Long, Ye Ting, Ye Jianying, Liu Bocheng, Nie Rongzhen, Zhu De, Lin Biao, these are all super masters who were later named marshals or qualified to be named marshals. Among those who were awarded the title of general, Zhang Yunyi was the division chief of staff, Chen Geng was the battalion commander, Xu Guangda was the intern platoon leader, Su Yu was the squad leader, Luo Ruiqing was the deputy squad leader, and Tan Zheng was the secret service battalion secretary. In fact, at that time, there were many ranks in the rebel army higher than the above-mentioned elites. It is a pity that most of them died in the subsequent revolution and did not survive until 1955 to be awarded the title.For example, Zhou Yiqun, Wang Erzhuo, Li Shuoxun (Li Shuoxun's son Li Peng later became the Prime Minister of the Republic) and so on.If these people don't die, with their qualifications, they are not only marshals but also generals. The non-combat attrition of the rebel army was very serious. As soon as it left Nanchang, Cai Tingkai, the commander of the Tenth Division, expelled the Communists working in the division and led his troops to leave the rebel army.Based on this, you may think that Cai Tingkai is a complete villain. In fact, different positions and different angles lead to different conclusions.Later, the Japanese army invaded China and launched the "January 28th Incident". Cai Tingkai led his troops to fight bloody battles in Shanghai, marking the most glorious chapter in his life. While the rebel army continued to downsize, there were three people who went the other way and planned to join this revolutionary team that no one was optimistic about. One was Chen Yi, secretary of the special agent company of the teaching regiment under Zhang Fakui. Chen Yi was lucky and caught up with the team halfway. One is Xu Xiangqian, the captain of the headquarters of Zhang Fakui, but Xu Xiangqian chased and lost the team, but he started his own legendary journey because of this. There is also Lu Deming, the head of Zhang Fakui's second front army guard regiment. He led the army from Wuchang to Nanchang, but failed to catch up with the Nanchang Uprising, and later launched the "Autumn Harvest Uprising" in Hunan with Mao Zedong. Under the siege and interception of the overwhelmingly dominant Kuomintang army, the rebel army was finally defeated and dispersed.At the critical moment, Zhu De and Chen Yi stepped forward and led a team of 800 people to Lien Chan and Lian Jie, and moved all the way to southern Shonan. With the assistance of the local party organization, they opened the prelude to the "Shunan Uprising". Most of these generals who started from the Nanchang Uprising and were about to enter the vast battlefield came from the Whampoa Military Academy.It can be seen that Huangpu is not only the cradle of the "National Army", but also the cradle of the "Communist Army". Before wrapping up this section, we have two things to do. First of all, Zhang Fakui, who is depressed because of the loss of a large number of talents, is awarded a "Lifetime Achievement Award" for two reasons. First, eight of the top ten marshals and seven of the ten generals (including Xu Haidong, the platoon leader who did not participate in the Nanchang Uprising) were under his command. Second, all the branches of his "Iron Army" are very powerful. One of the branches: Lin Biao's Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army's First Red Corps—the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army—the Northeast Field Army—the Fourth Field Army. The second branch: the Nineteenth Route Army of Cai Tingkai and Jiang Guangnai. The third branch: the New Fourth Army led by Ye Ting, Xiang Ying, Chen Yi, Su Yu, and Zhang Yunyi. Ye Ting, the head of the "Iron Army" independent regiment, specially asked for the designation of the New Fourth Army, intending to restore the courage of the "Iron Army" back then. Branch Four: The Fourth Army of the National Revolutionary Army, this designation has been reserved. Finally, I will briefly explain the status quo of the invincible Cantonese army in the Northern Expedition——"Iron Fourth Army". The Northern Expedition was undoubtedly a glorious era, but when that page was turned, everything changed, and the soldiers in Guangdong seemed to lose their way collectively. Chen Keyu, deputy commander of the army, retired, and several well-known high-level leaders were divided into several groups because of ideals and interests. Xingui wore a pair of trousers; Chen Mingshu, Cai Tingkai, and Jiang Guangnai were considered a group, mainly attached to Chiang Kai-shek; Chen Jitang, who stayed in Guangdong and did not participate in the Northern Expedition, was a group. Because he did not go out to fight in the province, his combat effectiveness was relatively weak.