Chapter 32 2. The Three Masters of the Book World

In "Sanxitang", Wang Xizhi, the author of "Quai Xue Tie", Wang Xianzhi, the author of "Mid-Autumn Tie", and Wang Xun, the author of "Bo Yuan Tie", are great calligraphers who "are of the same family and at the same time, crowned Jiangzuo's romantics". Wang Xizhi, courtesy name Yishao, was born in Langxie Linyi (now Shandong) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.There are many theories about the year of his birth and death.Born in a family of high-ranking officials and eunuchs, his grandfather was Shang Shulang, his uncle was Situ Wangdao, and his father was the governor of Huainan.Wang Xizhi is an official to the general of the right army and the internal historian of Kuaiji. However, his most prominent feature is calligraphy, and he is known as the "sage of calligraphy".

He learned from others' strengths, carefully studied styles, and brought forth new ideas through the old. He changed the simple style of calligraphy since the Han and Wei Dynasties, and created a new style of calligraphy that is beautiful and fluent. When Wang Xizhi was young, he was shy and not talkative, so people didn't think he had extraordinary talents.At the age of thirteen, calligraphy was valued by celebrities and became famous.Gradually, you are good at official script, which is the highest in ancient and modern times. The commentators call it "floating like floating clouds, and resembling a startling dragon" ("Book of Jin·Wang Xizhi Biography" volume 80), which is especially valued by uncle Wang Dao.At that time, Taiwei Xijian wanted to choose a son-in-law for his daughter, so Director Wang asked him to "select" many children in the family. The "auditor" replied to Wang Jian, saying: "All the young men of the Wang family are good. They rushed over after hearing the news, and they were all reserved. There is only one person, who is by the east bed, with his stomach exposed, eating, as if nothing happened." Xi Jian Said: "This is my good son-in-law!" Taiwei Xijian married his daughter to this young man, Wang Xizhi, as his wife.

Wang Xizhi loves geese.A lonely old man raised a goose, which was good at singing, and sold it in the market, but no one bought it.After Wang Xizhi heard about it, he went to see the geese with his relatives and friends.When the old woman heard that Wang Xizhi was coming to her house, she killed a goose to entertain Wang Xizhi.Wang Xizhi wanted to see the goose, but he couldn't see the goose, which was very regrettable. Wang Xizhi also heard that there was a Taoist priest nearby who liked to raise geese, so he went to watch.He saw the goose, was very happy, and wanted to buy the goose.The Taoist said: "Write it for me, and I will give this group of geese as a gift." Wang Xizhi happily finished writing, put the geese in a cage, and went home happily.

Wang Xizhi once saw an old woman selling bamboo fans, so he wrote five characters on each fan.The old woman showed displeasure on her face.Wang Xizhi said to the old woman, "You just say that this is Wang Youjun's calligraphy, and you can only sell it for a hundred dollars." The old woman did as expected, and people competed to buy the old woman's fan.A few days later, the old woman brought the fan again and asked Wang Xizhi to write on the fan, but Xizhi smiled and did not answer. Wang Xizhi became obsessed with writing. Once he went to a student's home and saw that some cases were slippery, so he wrote on them.Later, his father mistakenly scraped off the words on several cases. The students were surprised and regretted for several days.He once said to others: "Zhang Zhi is studying in the pond, and the water in the pond is completely black!" He admired this hardworking spirit.In his later years, calligraphy is even better.People praised Wang Xizhi's calligraphy as "like a god".

Wang Xizhi had a good reputation, court ministers and social celebrities all loved his talent and called him to be an official many times.Wang Xizhi said frankly: "I have never had any aspirations for a temple!" I have no ambition to be an official in the court at all.The imperial court appointed him a general of the guard army, but refused to worship him, and later awarded him the title of general of the right army.So people call Wang Xizhi Wang Youjun.When Wang Xizhi was an official, he focused on livelihood and sympathized with the people's livelihood: when there was a famine in the local area, he opened warehouses to relieve the disaster;

Wang Xizhi loved Kuaiji, which is now Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, for its green mountains, green waters and elegant residences of famous scholars, especially the Lanting in Shanyin of Kuaiji (the Temple of Wang Youjun was built later).Because of discord with Wang Shu (Zeng Guan Shangshu Ling, General Jianwei, Kuaiji Internal History), he resigned from his official position and settled in Shanyin (now Shaoxing) in Kuaiji. It is said that on March 3, the ninth year of Yonghe (353), they wrote the famous "Preface to Lanting" and "Preface to Lanting" (Tang Feng Chengsu copy 28 lines, 324 words): In the ninth year of Yonghe, at the age of Kuichou, at the beginning of late spring, I will meet at the Lanting in Shanyin, Kuaiji, to do auspicious things.A group of virtuous men arrives, and young men and women gather together.Here there are lofty mountains, luxuriant forests and bamboos, as well as clear and turbulent streams, which are reflected on the left and right.Although it is not as prosperous as the silk and bamboo orchestra, a glass of wine and a chants are enough to express the quiet feelings.It’s the day, the sky is bright and the air is clear, the wind is gentle and smooth, looking up at the vastness of the universe and looking down at the abundance of categories, so wandering around the eyes and bosom is enough for extreme audio-visual entertainment and trust in Coca-Cola.The wife's relationship with each other is admirable for the whole life: either take it into your arms, and understand the words in one room; or because of the entrustment, let it go outside.Although it is very interesting and restless, it is different from being calm and restless. When you are happy with what you meet, you can get it for yourself temporarily, and you will be satisfied quickly, and you don't know that old age is coming.It's because of the tiredness, the emotion changes with the situation, and the emotion is the same.Xiang Zhi's delight, between pitching, has become a thing of the past, and you can't help but be happy with it.The situation is shortened and the situation is changed, and the end will come to an end.The ancients said that death and life are also great, so it is not painful!Every time I look at the reasons for the excitement of the ancients, if they are united, they will be mourned by the text, which cannot be described in their hearts.Knowing that death and life are false births, and Qi Pengshang is a vain act, the future looks at the present, and the present looks at the past, sad husband!Therefore, to list the people at the time of the narration and record what they said, although the world is different and things are different, so they are happy, and they are all the same.Those who read it later will also feel the gentleness. (According to Yuan Lu Jishan's "Shuanggou Orchid Pavilion Preface"): In the ninth year of Yonghe, at the age of Kuichou, at the beginning of late spring, I will meet at the Orchid Pavilion in Shanyin, Kuaiji, to repair (xi) things.A group of virtuous men arrives, and young men and women gather together.Here there are lofty mountains, luxuriant forests and bamboos, as well as clear and turbulent streams, which are reflected on the left and right.Although it is not as prosperous as silk and bamboo orchestras, a glass of wine and a chants are enough to narrate the quiet feelings...

After Wang Xizhi resigned from his official position, he went to visit the mountains and rivers with others, drink wine and enjoy fishing.He also communicated with Taoist priests, cultivated his mind and cultivated his character, and died at the age of fifty-nine.The imperial court donated gold to Dr. Ziguanglu, but his sons refused to accept it because their father had his last words.He has seven sons, five of whom are well-known, one of them is Wang Xianzhi. Wang Xianzhi (344-386), courtesy name Zijing, was the seventh son of Wang Xizhi.He and his father are called "the second king of the Eastern Jin Dynasty".Xianzhi's official worship of Zhongshuling is the prime minister, also known as "Wang Daling", and Princess Shang Xin'an is the son-in-law.

Wang Xianzhi was famous in his youth and was very noble. Although he had nothing to do at home, he was well-dressed and suave, and he was the crown of the moment.I once went to Prime Minister Xie An's Mansion with my elder brother to thank him. The two elder brothers talked more about common things, and only exchanged a few words of greeting.After they left, the guest asked Xie An——Wang brothers are good or bad. Xie An said: "The younger one is better." Wang Xianzhi has a little story.One night, Wang Xianzhi slept in his fast.Some thieves came in and looted everything.Wang Xianzhi said slowly: "Stealer, that piece of green felt is an old thing from my house, you can put this old thing down." After hearing this, the thieves put down their things and ran away in panic.

Wang Xianzhi has the character of Wei and Jin scholars.Once, Wang Xianzhi passed through Wu County and heard that Gu Biqiang's family had a famous garden. He didn't know Gu, so he took a shoulder car and entered without saying hello.At that time, Gu Piqiang was gathering with guests and friends, and Xianzhi traveled around as if there was no one else around.Pi Qiang's way of counting: "It's inappropriate to be proud of the master. It's not the way to be proud of people. If you lose both, it's not worth the ear of the swindler (pronounced cang or chen, Wuzhong swearing language)." Wang Xianzhi's arrogant attitude is like this .Another time, when Xie An built a new Taiji Hall, he wanted to ask for an inscription as a treasure for all generations, but it was difficult to say, so he tried to say: Wei Shiling Yundian was built, and the plaque was not inscribed, but the craftsman nailed it by mistake and could not remove it. So, Wei Zhongjiang was asked to write on a high place by climbing a hanging ladder.After finishing writing, he told his children that he could not do this in the future.Wang Xianzhi understood the meaning of these words, and said: "General Zhong, Minister of Wei, I would rather have this matter! Make it like this, so as to know that Wei De is not long." Xie An no longer forced him to write a plaque. ("Book of Jin The Biography of Wang Xian" Volume 80)

Wang Xianzhi's Gong Cao Li is good at Danqing.When he was learning calligraphy at the age of seven or eight, Wang Xizhi secretly pulled out his brush from behind, but he couldn't pull it out, and sighed: "This child will be famous again." When Wang Xianzhi was young, he once wrote large characters measuring one foot square on the wall.Hundreds of people watched and Wang Xizhi appreciated it.One day, Huan Wen, the son-in-law, powerful minister, and chief minister, wanted to write on a fan, but accidentally, the pen fell off by mistake, because the cow with black and white spots in the painting was flexible and clever.After Xianzhi's death, his elder brother Huizhi, "go to the funeral without crying, just sit on the coffin, take Xianzhi's qin and play it, without tuning for a long time, sighing and saying: "Woohoo, Zijing, everyone's qin is dead!" Death. ("Book of Jin·Wang Huizhi Biography" Volume 80)

Wang Xun (350-401), courtesy name Yuanlin, nicknamed Fahu, was a famous calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, grandson of Prime Minister Wang Dao, son of Wang Qia, and nephew of Wang Xizhi.In his early years, he was Huan Wen's subordinate.At that time, Huanwen managed to manage the Central Xia Dynasty, but there was no Ning Sui. He was entrusted with Wang Xun's military affairs, and there were tens of thousands of civil and military personnel, and Xun knew his face.Later, he served as General Zhenglu, Chief of the Chinese Army, Shi, and official minister. The Xun brothers are all sons-in-law of the Xie (An) family, and the gap is created by suspicion.Taifu Xie An not only divorced Xun, but also divorced Min (Xun's younger brother) wife, Xie and Wang's families, so they became enemies.Wang Xun had a heart. Since he had a rift with Xie An, he heard that Xie An had died, and disregarded the dissuasion of his tribe, until Xie An's spirit, weeping very much. Emperor Jin was fond of classics, and Wang Xun accompanied him. Wang's parents do calligraphy, but their lives are short - Xun is fifty-two years old, younger brother Min is thirty-eight years old, and father Qia is thirty-six years old.Xun gave birth to five sons, all of whom were famous. "Book of Jin Wang Xun Biography" commented: "Xun's expression is bright and enlightened, and the history is clear, and the beauty of romance is sent by public and private."