Chapter 33 3. Three Jue of Dharma Books

Among the "three wonders" of Dharma books "Quaixuetie", "Mid-Autumn Tie" and "Boyuantie", "Kaixuetie" is the most famous. "Kai Xue Tie" written by Wang Xizhi is a ruler slip, on paper, 23 centimeters in length and 14.8 centimeters in width, less than one square foot, three lines, and twenty-four characters.The original text reads: "Xizhi bowed his head, when the snow soon cleared up, he wished for peace and goodness, but the result was fruitless, and his strength was not enough. Wang Xizhi nodded." There is a line of four characters "Shanyin Zhanghou" on the back of the post, which is imitated from Youjun's script. I don't know why it came from.In the lower left corner, there is an inscription with the word "Junqian".There are many seals on the post.There are the seals of "Xi Shi Zang" and "Shaoxing" in the Southern Song Dynasty, the seal of Jia Sidao's "Autumn Valley Treasures", the gold seal of "Mingchang Yulan", the seals of Zhang Deqian and Zhang Yan's father and son "Zhang's Treasures" in the Yuan Dynasty, Ming Feng Quan, Wu Ting, The seals of Wang Yanshi's families, the "Treasure of Yulan" of Qianlong, Jiaqing, and Xuantong in Qing Dynasty, and the seals of Neifu.There are so many inscriptions and postscripts in this post, which is really rare in history.There were Zhao Mengfu and Liu Geng in the Yuan Dynasty, Liu Chengxi and Wang Yudeng in the Ming Dynasty, and Hongli and Liang Shizheng in the Qing Dynasty. At the front of the volume of "Quick Snow Tie", there is "Small Scenery in Yunlin" drawn by Emperor Qianlong himself, and at the front and at the end of the volume are "Qing Xue Tu" and "Snow Plum Picture" by Emperor Qianlong's order, respectively.This precious post is preceded by "Quick snow and sunny post, the authentic work of General Jin You and Wang Xizhi, the internal historian of Kuaiji".There is a line of small characters in the inscription and postscript of Emperor Qianlong, and there are eight seals such as "Shenpin", "Jiangu", Appraisal Seal of Maoqin Palace, and Appreciation Seal of Wang Yanshi in the order of empty lines before the inscription.After the post, there are inscriptions and postscripts by Zhao Mengfu and Emperor Qianlong.According to statistics, there are a total of about 195 square seals.

Emperor Qianlong loved "Quick Snow Post" very much.During more than 50 years, he has inscribed more than 70 posts on the posts. Whenever the weather is cold or snowflakes are flying, he "writes books as he likes, regardless of the order", and inscriptions at most six times a year.Emperor Qianlong's eyesight was poor in his later years, so Dong Gao wrote his poems on behalf of him: "I don't need glasses in eighty-three times. This year's poems are more difficult than fine books. It is also a good story to order Dong Gao to write them for me." After he returned to power, He also wrote the title on the post, "In the future, there will be no more titles for exhibition and play."Emperor Qianlong also said, "Wang Youjun's "Quick Snow and Sunny Post" is a wonderful work through the ages. Yuanlin's "Boyuan" two posts, stored in the greenhouse, Yan said Sanxitang, to aspire to the gods of the prosperous age" and so on.

Is "Quick Snow Post" authentic?Zhao Mengfu believed it to be the authentic work, and his postscript said: "The Eastern Jin Dynasty has been nearly a thousand years old, and the handwriting has been handed down to this day. It is absolutely impossible to get it. "Quick Snow and Sunny Tie", the book written by Jin Wangxi, is also a treasure in the past dynasties. There are engraved copies, but you can see it today. I am very pleased to see it as an authentic work." But some scholars still have objections.This is left to the experts to study.However, this book has been handed down for a long time, and it has been handed down for a long time. It can be regarded as a "wonderful relic through the ages".The strokes of the post script are smooth, vigorous and beautiful, majestic and vigorous, with a penetrating spirit.In the calligraphy, there may be lines or cursive lines, flow or stagnation, lightness or weight, urgency and density, which reflect the artistic beauty of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy "Zhongzhenghemei".The ancients praised it as "the number one Dharma book in the world".Zhao Mengfu said: "Youjun's character is very high, so the book is a god." He criticized, "Slave boy, son of a sucker, who wrote in the early morning, and boasted in the evening" and so on.Qing Liang Shizheng, Zhang Ruoai and others said in the postscript: "The spirit shines brightly" and "the beauty is good through the ages".This post is known as "divine product" and "rare treasure".

"Mid-Autumn Tie" written by Wang Xianzhi, has 22 characters, and Mi Fu praised it as "the best in the world".In this post, the front is missing and the back is missing. In the middle, there are eight inches and four inches in length, three inches and six inches in width, and three lines of running script.Because someone "cuts and cuts one or two characters and sells all good things" (Dong Qichang's words).Emperor Qianlong praised it as "extraordinary charm and extraordinary beauty", "the ink marks of the Daling (Wang Xianzhi) in the great inner collection are mostly filled by Tang people, but they are authentic scrolls, with 22 characters, and their looks are as new. .Xiang Chu Yu study, now stored in Sanxi Hall".Jin people believe that the calligraphy of Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi's father and son is the best in the world.Xie An asked Wang Xianzhi: "How is the emperor's book like the honor of the emperor's family?" He replied: "So it should be different." It is the calligraphy of his father Wang Xi, which is beautiful and more elegant, but not as strong as his father.

Wang Xianzhi's calligraphy is excellent in all styles, especially cursive. There is a running script "Yatou Wan Tie" handed down from generation to generation, which is now in the Shanghai Museum.There is also a small script engraved version of "Thirteen Lines of Luoshen Fu". "Boyuan Tie" written by Wang Xun, five elements, forty-seven characters (some say fifty-five characters), paper version, cursive script, 25.1 centimeters in length and 17.2 centimeters in width, the first sentence in the post has "Boyuan" Two characters, so it is called "Boyuan Tie".The Wang family is mostly a calligrapher.Wang Xun was educated by his family when he was young, he was hardworking and good at books, smart and handsome, erudite and versatile.Wang Xun's calligraphy is powerful and elegant, with simple and simple brushwork.Wang Xun's authentic calligraphy is rarely handed down from generation to generation, and there is only one ink mark.Dong Qichang, a famous calligrapher in the Ming Dynasty, commented on his calligraphy: "Straightforward and unrestrained, elegant in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, just in front of your eyes."It was collected by Dong Qichang in Ming Dynasty.During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, it was included in the inner government.In the volume, there are inscriptions by Dong Qichang of the Ming Dynasty and Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, more than 10 seals in the collection of the Qing Neifu and a section of Dong Bangda's landscape painting at the end of the volume.

The "Sanxi" treasure of Sanxitang has a story that has been circulated in twists and turns.In the early years of the Republic of China, after Emperor Xuantong abdicated, he still lived in the Forbidden City.He privately sold the "Sanxi" and other national treasures in the palace.Wang Xizhi's "Quick Snow Post" has been mounted into a huge volume, so it is inconvenient to carry it out of the palace.In 1924, Puyi planned to mortgage Wang Xizhi's "Quick Snow Post" to Citibank of the United States for a price of 400,000 yuan, but it failed.After Puyi left the palace, this post was collected by the Palace Museum. In 1933, "Quick Snow Post" was moved south along with other cultural relics, and moved to western Sichuan. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, it was transported back to Nanjing, and then to Taiwan. It is now in the National Palace Museum in Taipei.I was fortunate enough to see the real work in Taipei.Wang Xianzhi's "Mid-Autumn Tie" and Wang Xun's "Boyuan Tie" are small scrolls and are easy to carry. Xuan Tongzun named Concubine Xuan) was brought out of the Forbidden City and purchased by Beijing collector Guo Baochang.After Guo's death, his son Guo Zhaojun succeeded him. In the early 1950s, Guo Zhaojun and "Erxi" negotiated with the National Palace Museum in Taipei, but failed due to the huge price difference.Afterwards, he transferred to Hong Kong and used "Erxi" as collateral to obtain a loan from a certain bank. The mortgage period expired and he was unable to redeem it. In 1951, after the National Cultural Relics Department received this information, it urgently reported it to Premier Zhou Enlai.Premier Zhou instructed: "Buy real cultural relics, not antiques." He also appointed Wang Yeqiu, deputy director of the Social and Cultural Affairs Administration Bureau of the Ministry of Culture, Ma Heng, director of the Palace Museum, and Xu Senyu, vice chairman of the Shanghai Cultural Relics Management Committee, to Hong Kong to identify "Er Xi" Authenticity and negotiation.After confirming that it was the original of "Erxi", it was purchased for HK$450,000.Therefore, "Mid-Autumn Tie" and "Boyuan Tie" returned to Beijing and belonged to the collection of the Palace Museum.

To sum up, Wang Xizhi's "Quick Snow Calligraphy", Wang Xianzhi's "Mid-Autumn Calligraphy", and Wang Xun's "Boyuan Calligraphy" collected by Sanxi Hall of the Hall of Mental Cultivation are epoch-making milestones in the history of Chinese calligraphy. The reason why the "Three Kings" became great calligraphers is because they have a common cause-the era of wind and waves, the family of the scenery, the experience of the wind and the cloud, the character of the integrity, the pride of the charm, and the calligraphy of the style.