Chapter 10 Chapter Nine 1986

In 1986, "the economy developed rapidly, and too many buildings and halls were built." The Sixth Plenary Session of the Twelfth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was held in Beijing on September 28. The meeting passed the "Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Guidelines for the Construction of Socialist Spiritual Civilization."This resolution further clarifies the strategic position, fundamental tasks and basic guidelines for the construction of socialist spiritual civilization, and is a programmatic document for strengthening the construction of socialist spiritual civilization in China in the new historical period.

This year, the state made further regulations on the reform of the economic system and other aspects.For example, the "Regulations on Several Issues Concerning Further Promoting Horizontal Economic Integration" issued by the State Council on March 23 has become an important content of this year's economic system reform. On July 12, the State Council issued regulations for reforming the labor system: first, the labor contract system should be generally implemented among newly recruited workers; The third is to give enterprises the power to dismiss employees who violate discipline; the fourth is to establish a system of unemployment insurance and pension insurance for employees. On September 15, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued three regulations including the "Regulations on the Work of Factory Directors of Industrial Enterprises Owned by the Whole People", which clarified that the factory directors of industrial enterprises owned by the whole people are at the center of the enterprise.

In order to explore the path of national institutional reform, the State Council decided to start from mid-May of this year, in Jiangmen, Dandong, Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou, Ma'anshan, Xiamen, Shaoxing, Anyang, Luoyang, Huangshi, Hengyang, Zigong, Baoji, Tianshui, etc. The 16 medium-sized cities are the first batch of pilot cities for institutional reform in China.At the same time, the mayors of 14 cities in northern China, including Dandong, Dalian, Yingkou, Panjin, Jinzhou, Qinhuangdao, Tangshan, Tianjin, Cangzhou, Huimin, Dongying, Weifang, Yantai, and Qingdao, along the coast of the Bohai Sea held a meeting in Tianjin to establish a formal The Bohai Rim Economic Zone will be established to carry out multi-faceted, multi-level, and multi-form economic ties to promote economic development and prosperity.

In this year, my country officially implemented the "Seventh Five-Year Plan", that is, the national economic and social development plan from 1986 to 1990.It is stipulated that the gross national product will reach 1,117 billion yuan by 1990, an increase of 44% over 1985, and an average annual increase of 7.5%. In March of this year, four veteran scientists, including Wang Dayan and Wang Ganchang, wrote to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, making suggestions for tracking the development of strategic high-tech in the world.In November of the same year, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council officially issued a notice on the forwarding of the "Outline of the High-tech Research and Development Plan (863 Plan)". topic.

China won a total of 94 gold medals at the 10th Asian Games held in Seoul, South Korea, ranking first in the total number of gold medals. People's Daily, January 4th (Reporter Zhang Yaxin) The Chinese Pinyin orthography computer input system passed the appraisal in Beijing on January 3, 1986.This system was jointly developed by Renmin University of China and the 52785 Army.Based on the "Chinese Pinyin Scheme" stipulated by the state and its orthographic rules, the system has established a three-level system of characters, words, and languages.The Appraisal Committee believes that the system lexicon has a scientific and reasonable structure, good expansion performance, and perfect software functions. Anyone who has learned Chinese pinyin can master the method of Chinese character input within 5 minutes.The system is easy to learn, remember, and use, and has reached the leading level of similar programs at home and abroad.

Workers' Daily, January 8 According to the investigation of relevant departments, sheepskin shoes with advantages such as softness and good brightness have become popular this year.The popular colors are two-color: red and black, black and white, brown and gray, etc. Due to the breakthrough of leather color, the style changes accordingly. Welcome. my country's first music hall specially designed and built for performance concerts - "Beijing Concert Hall" has been officially opened this month.The main building area of ​​the concert hall reaches 6821 square meters and can accommodate 1182 audiences.The stage is 16 meters wide and 11 meters deep.

Xinhua News Agency, January 15th, my country's acupuncture and moxibustion has increasingly become an important part of world medicine.At present, more than 100 countries are engaged in acupuncture and moxibustion treatment and research. According to the incomplete statistics of foreign data in the past two years, there are 170 diseases treated with acupuncture and moxibustion. Strong interest in the medical community. The article in the twenty-second issue of "Ban Yue Tan" introduces the successful typical "Southern Jiangsu Model" of rural development of commodity economy.The article said: The so-called "Southern Jiangsu Model" generally refers to the original road that the rural areas of the nine counties of Suzhou and Wuxi and individual counties of Changzhou and Zhenjiang have traveled in developing their economies.In a nutshell, the "Southern Jiangsu Model" has three characteristics: 1. The great rural changes in southern Jiangsu first originated from the rise and growth of township industries, and followed a broad road of developing township industries as the main body and coordinating the development of agriculture, industry and commerce.2. The township and village enterprises in southern Jiangsu, which have grown spontaneously in the countryside, have used market regulation as the main means to develop the rural commodity economy since their birth.Third, the rural economy can develop the collective economy as the main body.

People's Daily, January 17th (Reporter Wu Shaoyu) The Anhui Science and Technology Association system and relevant departments have worked together to target rural high school graduates returning to their hometowns. In the past three years, more than 500 science and technology amateur schools with a one-year education or above have been established. More than 130,000 people have systematically received primary science and technology training in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, sideline, fishery, agricultural machinery, plant protection, and township enterprise management; more than 30,000 professional and technical training courses have been held, and more than 2.8 million scientific and technological backbones have been trained people, accounting for more than 60% of the province's nearly 5 million returning high school and junior high school graduates.The technical training work carried out by the Provincial Association for Science and Technology to rural youth, the land contracted by the trainees' families, and the county or township-run enterprises where they are located are all practice places.Because the teaching content is combined with the actual production, it insists on serving the adjustment of industrial structure and promotes the development of agricultural production.

Xinhua News Agency, Nanjing, January 18 (correspondent Ren Xiaohe) Fax has made sending telegrams between 11 provincial cities in Jiangsu Province faster, more convenient and more accurate.Jiangsu Province is the first province in my country to use fax to deliver telegrams to the public.The public telegraph and fax network is centered in Nanjing, and is connected to 12 post network points equipped with fax equipment in other 10 provincial cities.According to estimates, the cost of a 350-character fax telegram is 75% cheaper than that of an ordinary telegram. Xinhua News Agency, Guiyang, January 21 (Reporter Long Wenbin) In recent years, more than 47,000 professional households with minority women as the main body have emerged in Guizhou Province, accounting for about a quarter of the province's professional female households.Ethnic minority women, whose ancestors never went out for generations, broke through the shackles of traditional ideas, walked out of the "boudoir embroidery pavilion", and began to be active on the stage of commodity production.These minority women mainly rely on traditional embroidery and weaving skills to gain a foothold in the new stage.The national commodities such as batik, Miao embroidery, Buyi brocade and Dong brocade produced by them are colorful and have a strong local flavor, and are very popular in the market.Now, the handbags, curtains, tablecloths, bed sheets and other small items they make with batik are exported to more than 10 countries in Europe and Asia.

People's Daily, January 24 News On January 20, Guangdong Province held the first Mandarin Contest.Guangdong Province is one of the main dialect areas in my country, with a wide variety of dialects, but the popularization of Mandarin is poor. In January 1985, the Standing Committee of the People's Congress of this province made a decision to accelerate the promotion of Mandarin throughout the province.Afterwards, Guangdong TV Station held a program to promote Putonghua. Some units also organized employees to learn Chinese Pinyin, held Putonghua training classes, and compiled and distributed Putonghua recitation and conversation materials.

Xinhua News Agency, Guiyang, January 26 (Reporter Pan Yuguo) More than 100,000 people in Guizhou Province where Miao, Buyi, Dong, Yi and other ethnic minorities live in concentrated communities are currently learning ethnic languages.In line with the policy of active and steady progress, all localities adopt various forms such as evening schools, vocational schools, full-time and half-time study classes, etc., in order to meet the needs of the masses for learning ethnic characters. In the past five years, the Guizhou Provincial Ethnic Affairs Committee has edited and published 4 There are a total of 24 kinds of ethnic language textbooks and reading materials in the seven languages ​​of ethnic groups, with a circulation of more than 500,000 copies. People's Daily, January 29th: Prickly pears, seabuckthorns, and wild dates...in the past, they were carelessly cut down as useless shrubs in the wild, but now they have become high-end foods that are not cheap in the eyes of urban residents.Through the vigorous development of food factories all over our country, more and more wild plant foods have entered thousands of households.Now, people have a new understanding of food nutrients.After testing the physical and chemical components of various wild plants, vitamins, amino acids, proteins, and minerals are rich in content, which makes people feel as if they have discovered a new world. Xinhua News Agency, January 30. The beautiful music sounded, and the restless baby in the mother's body fell silent, and the newborn baby was also grinning.The videotape "Music for Prenatal Education" published for the first time in my country is helpful to the development of the auditory nerve and brain function of the fetus. Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, January 31st. Approved by the State Council, starting from February 1st, the postal department will issue a batch of postal services in Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Zhengzhou, Shenyang, Shijiazhuang, Chengdu, Xi'an, Nanjing, Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Changsha and other cities. Post offices have successively started postal savings business.The establishment of postal savings business can not only provide convenience for the general public to deposit and withdraw money, but also absorb social idle funds more widely to support national construction. On February 4th, People's Daily reported a new upsurge in the sales and application of domestic microcomputers according to "China Electronics News".The order quantity of Great Wall 0520C machine has increased rapidly this year, and the order contract has reached nearly 10,000 units by mid-January. This is a new order boom after my country's computer market experienced a period of depression.This shows that the quality and reputation of domestic machines are improving in the competition, and the scope of application is expanding. Xinhua News Agency, Changchun, February 5th (Reporter Gao Xin, Wang Jinghe) There are 47 counties (cities) in Jilin Province that have built science and technology museums.Under the leadership of the local science and technology associations, these science and technology museums often carry out science popularization, science and technology education, academic exchanges and activities by showing science and education films, videos, slides, holding training courses, lectures, science galleries, technical lectures and other forms. Technical services are welcomed by scientific and technological workers and the general public. In order to explore a new way for many small enterprises that are short of funds to solve the housing difficulties of their employees, the "Xinxin Housing Cooperative", which was organized by the Shanghai Toy Import and Export Trade Union and the Housing Office in August last year, was completed in Shanghai a few days ago.This is the first housing cooperative in my country. It is an economic entity that integrates all housing construction, housing distribution, and housing repairs. It is not for profit. Beijing Economic Information News, February 6th: After the salary adjustment work for elementary and middle school teachers in Beijing, not only families broke through the original consumption pattern, but also rushed to buy high-end products such as cameras, color TVs, and refrigerators.In addition, bicycles need to be brand-name, color TVs need to be over 18 inches, refrigerators need to have double doors, and clothing must be fashionable and of good quality.It is estimated that every 100 teachers' families need 35 cameras, 13 pianos, 5 violins, 3 electronic organs, and 10 sets of sportswear. People's Daily, February 8th: The export of daily-use hardware products has been booming. Since 1980, my country's daily-use hardware products worth more than 100 million US dollars have been sold to more than 120 countries and regions around the world every year.In recent years, on the basis of our country's traditional manufacturing technology, we have introduced modern production equipment from the Federal Republic of Germany, the United States, Japan and other countries, which has improved the quality of hardware products. Wuhan Evening News reported on February 9 that according to Encyclopedia Britannica, 15 universities in China were included in the list of "Main Universities and Colleges in the World".They are: Xiamen University, Renmin University of China, Fudan University, Peking University, Jilin University, Inner Mongolia University, Nanjing University, Lanzhou University, Nankai University, Northwest University, Wuhan University, Sichuan University, Shandong University, Sun Yat-sen University, Yunnan University, Tsinghua University. People's Daily, February 16th (Reporter Zhou Zhou) Liaoning, Hebei, Beijing and more than ten provinces, cities, and districts in northern my country established a "pollution-free" vegetable production base of 287,000 mu last year, and "pollution-free" vegetables were launched The amount has reached 14 billion catties, and the income of vegetable farmers has increased by 21.75 million yuan. In April 1985, more than 10 provinces, cities, and districts in the north established a "pollution-free" vegetable production cooperation group, which undertook the plant protection new technology development project of the State Economic Commission, and popularized it on a large scale. Xinhua News Agency, Jinan, February 17 (Reporter Lu Dianluo) On the eve of the Spring Festival, cadres from more than 20 departments and units in Shandong Province and Jinan City returned all 373 "free tickets" to the Jinan City Bus Company and corrected some of them. The unhealthy trend of people not buying tickets for long-term rides.The crowd said happily: "The bad habits of more than 10 years will be eliminated in three days. It seems that the unhealthy trend can be corrected. As long as the leaders are determined and take effective measures, it will be easy to handle." Worker's Daily, February 17th With the improvement of people's living standards and the number of only children, the demand for toys is also increasing, and the "entertainment" type has turned to "intellectual type".Inertial toys that were once sought-after simply move and make noises have now become mediocre. Toys that are conducive to children's intellectual development, such as modeling, building blocks, and electric toys, are in short supply. The demand for intellectual toys with novel styles and strong interest volume will increase. People's Daily, February 20, according to "Liberation Army Daily" reported that the Department of Orthopedics of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University successfully amputated 10 fingers after obtaining major scientific research achievements in surgical treatment of congenital equinus inverse foot and giant cell tumor of bone. Wang Futao, a young woman who left her home, performed the replantation operation, writing a new page in the history of orthopedics in my country. People's Daily, February 24th (Reporter Zhang Guangnian) Li Zhun's "Yellow River Flows to the East" takes the history of the suffering of the people in the Yellow River flooding area in the 1930s and 1940s as the background, and artistically reproduces the industrious, simple, and chivalrous farmers living in the Yellow River Basin The fate of history enthusiastically eulogized their precious golden qualities and simple and beautiful feelings, and excavated the great soul of the Chinese nation.In terms of description, the author not only has the hard work of line drawing, but also has the advantage of learning the psychological description of foreign novels, making this novel an outstanding combination of local and foreign works.It has received the attention of the literary world and given a high evaluation. Beijing Weekly News March 2 A state-owned enterprise in Shenyang declared bankruptcy not long ago due to poor management and ineffective rectification.This is the first state-owned enterprise declared bankrupt in China since the founding of the People's Republic of China 36 years ago.The factory will auction off all its assets to repay the loan, and its employees will become "unemployed". People's Daily March 34 According to the information provided by the Ministry of Urban and Rural Construction and Environmental Protection: Last year, 119 million trees were afforested in my country's cities, and 8.3 million square meters of lawns were paved. In 75 cities, the coverage rate was above 20%. The number of cities with 3 square meters of public green space has grown to 82.In the past four years, about 100 million trees have been planted in cities every year, and urban lawns have grown to more than 40 million square meters. People's Daily March 6th China Yanshan Computer Application Research Center launched two new ZD series microcomputers earlier this year. ZD-3100 microcomputer has a strong ability to edit graphics and Chinese characters, and can quickly make plane and three-dimensional drawings and transmit images according to regulations. It has a high-precision color display of 712×512 points and 512 colors for adjustment, and the image is vivid. , It is also compatible with the main software of other models; ZD-1000 microcomputer is small and light, adopts CMOS integrated circuit, the whole machine consumes less power, is powered by dry battery or storage battery, and can be used for text processing, data communication and wireless communication in the field.It has a large capacity of Chinese characters, good expansion performance, and convenient conversation editing. Xinmin Evening News, March 9th, a special bookstore——Xin'an Bookstore opened today in Shanghai Prison.Both the salesperson and the customer are reformed personnel serving prison sentences.This is the first time that a prison has opened a bookstore since the liberation of Shanghai.After the store opened, inmates rushed to the bookstore to buy books. People's Daily March 12th (Reporter Qiu Wenzhong) In order to facilitate vehicle maintenance and save urban water, Jilin Changchun City Brush Factory made a new type of car scrubber.This product is suitable for scrubbing the interior and exterior surfaces of cars, trucks, and railway coaches, as well as for wiping glass doors and windows, floors, and marble and tile walls.It is simple in structure, small in size, light in weight, easy to carry, and the brush head can be exchanged for 6 working angles. People's Daily, March 12th (Reporter Hu Hongwei and Hu Xudong) In the coastal area of ​​northern Zhejiang, where there was no Penaeus sinensis in the past, a population of Penaeus sinensis has been reproduced through artificial stocking. Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, March 22 According to the "Science Daily" report, my country's first geothermal power station - Guangdong Fengshun County Geothermal Power Station Unit 3, after three years of scientific research and experimental operation, has recently been officially integrated into the State Grid productive run.Last year, the generating capacity of Unit 3 reached 1.86 million kWh. Xinhua News Agency, Nanjing, March 23 (Reporter Xu Jiling, Correspondent Zhang Yingwu) Chinese medical researchers have discovered 182 new karyotypes of chromosomal abnormalities reported for the first time in the world.This achievement will be included in the internationally authoritative medical monograph "Human Chromosomal Abnormalities and Variation Registration Database", as important information on genetic science and obstetrics and gynecology shared by all mankind. Xinhua News Agency, Chongqing, March 30th. my country's first DC high-speed elevator used in urban public transportation, the Chongqing Kaixuan Road Elevator, was put into business operation today.The installation of this elevator is a new attempt to adapt to the characteristics of the mountain city and adopt a vertical lifting method to solve the difficulties of the masses climbing up and down.Kaixuan Road is one of the main roads from the lower half of the city to the upper half of Shizhong District in Chongqing. The annual passenger flow reaches 300,000 to 400,000 people per month, and pedestrians have to climb a steep slope of 188 stone steps.This elevator has two passenger compartments, with a capacity of 21 people per compartment, and a one-way running time of about 20 seconds.It is safe, comfortable and stable, and can transport more than 10,000 passengers a day. People's Daily, April 2 (Reporter Liu Xiaoming) More than a year has passed since the Olympic Games, and the sporting goods craze is still in the ascendant in my country, and the production of sporting goods and equipment is facing a new situation.With the vigorous development of sports and people's increasing interest in sports, sports are going deep into society and families. In the next few years, my country's sporting goods production will have a greater development. People's Daily, April 5th (Reporter Miao Lu) From April 2nd to 4th, 127 Chinese disabled athletes created a number of good results in the Beijing arena, surpassing 5 disabled world records successively, breaking 33 A record for the Paralympic Games in the Far East and the South Pacific region, and created 50 new national records for the disabled. Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, April 5th. More than 1,400 counties across the country have opened township collectives and individual mines, with a total of 120,000 mines.These mines provided the country with a large amount of mineral products and played a major role in revitalizing the rural economy.According to incomplete statistics in 1985, the number of collective and individual mining employees in the country has reached more than 5 million. People's Daily, April 25th, a fully automatic household washing machine made of domestic materials and spare parts, has recently come out in Shanghai.The materials and spare parts it uses, including motors and automatic control parts, are all provided domestically, and the price is about 40% lower than that of imported similar products. Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, April 25 (Reporter Qu Zhihong) A calligraphy and painting exhibition featuring "new works by old people" opened today at the Beijing Huangshicheng Exhibition Hall.Most of the more than 320 calligraphy, painting and seal cutting works exhibited this time were written by retired veteran cadres and old workers, calligraphy and painting lovers.In addition, Xu Xiangqian, Fang Yi, Hu Juewen, Xu Deheng, Peng Chong, Wang Renzhong, Liao Hansheng, Chu Tunan, Zhang Aiping, Yang Jingren, Hu Ziang, Yang Chengwu, Miao Yuntai, Zhao Puchu and other leading comrades, as well as Wu Zuoren, Li Keran, Guan Shanyue , Lai Shaoqi, Qi Gong and other famous calligraphers and painters also presented their masterpieces.Yang Jingren, vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, cut the ribbon for the second anniversary of the Chinese Painting and Calligraphy Research Association for the Elderly, which opened today. Tianjin Daily, April 27th: Since this spring, nearly a hundred Wowotou stalls have been set up in Tianjin, and each stall sells an average of one or two hundred catties a day.At present, most of the steamed buns on the market are made of corn flour, millet flour, and soybean flour, which taste refreshing and sweet.The hawkers are all freshly made and sold, so there is a reason why Wowotou has become a hot commodity in Tianjin. Xinhua News Agency, Guiyang, May 1 (Reporter Wang Nianhe Tianwen) In Anshun City and Anshun County, Guizhou Province, a group of urban youths went to Ninggu Agricultural Middle School in Anshun County to study.At present, there are nearly a hundred urban youths studying in this school, accounting for 1/6 of the total number of students in the school.In recent years, the party's policy of enriching the people has brought about profound changes in the local countryside, and the lives of farmers have been greatly improved.This situation not only makes most rural youths see that staying in the countryside can also achieve great things, but also attracts some urban youths.It urges them to turn from contempt for the countryside to face it squarely, and to enter the countryside voluntarily. Xinhua News Agency, May 2nd Harbin No. 1 Girls Vocational High School, established with the purpose of providing more job opportunities for young girls, has been welcomed by all walks of life.It stipulates that only 160 people will be admitted, and there will be as many as 2,000 applicants at the time of enrollment.This school has 4 majors, including literature and art preschool teacher class, preschool teacher class, beauty class and secretarial file class.The school pays attention to the combination of basic cultural knowledge and professional knowledge, and hires outstanding professionals from the society to give lectures to improve students' professional ability. Xinhua News Agency, May 3: From May 4 to September 14, Daylight Saving Time will be implemented nationwide.The General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council notified the mobilization of people across the country to save energy and go to bed early and get up early, and required all departments across the country to do a good job in publicizing and arranging work.The specific method of time conversion is to move the hour hand forward by 1 hour at 2:00 a.m. on the day when daylight saving time starts, and then turn the hour hand back from 2:00 to 1 hour on the day when daylight saving time ends. People's Daily, May 5th, a kind of all-plastic car designed by China itself—BS-111 miniature truck has passed the appraisal formally last year.At present, Shenzhen Zhonghua Automobile Company has started mass production.This kind of car mainly uses plastic as raw material. In addition to the walking and shock absorption system, its girder, cargo box, and cab are a whole vehicle body made of plastic, and plastic glue accounts for 80% of the total material.This kind of vehicle has light body, few breakdowns, low fuel consumption, low noise, fatigue resistance, corrosion resistance, simple operation and low cost. Well received by the audience This film explores and reflects on national history from the profound changes in the fate of several ordinary people in a small town in the past ten years before and after the "Cultural Revolution", and from the distorted and alienated personalities to varying degrees.After the broadcast, it was well received by the audience. In 1986, leather bag companies refer to service organizations engaged in scientific and technological consulting. They are keen on doing business, and also generally refer to some intermediary organizations engaged in reselling and buying commodities.Since the leather bag company has no capital, no venue, and no equipment, it seems that it is born to speculate and cheat, buying and selling, and has been blocked by many places.By the end of March this year, nearly a thousand leather bag companies had been banned in Jilin Province alone. In this year's Spring Festival Gala, Jiang Dawei's song "In the Place Where the Peach Blossoms Bloom" was sung throughout the country.His full, resonant voice is very smooth in this song, with a long breath, transparent timbre, and exciting. People's Daily, May 9th (Reporter Li Fengcai Xue Yuhua) In recent years, Beijing has taken active measures to solve the problem of the lack of entertainment venues for children.Since 1982, the Municipal Children's Welfare Foundation, regional (county, township) governments, and the masses have raised funds to build 175 children's playgrounds for children, with a total investment of 13 million yuan.The establishment of children's paradise has added places for rural children's extracurricular activities and enriched children's extracurricular life. People's Daily, May 9th. Recently, a successful human biomagnetic information research experiment was carried out in the low temperature laboratory of the University of Science and Technology of China in Hefei. The researchers detected the magnetic signals emitted by the human heart point by point, and obtained the first in my country. The complete human heart magnetic signal map has made my country's biomagnetic research a big step forward. Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, May 10th. At present, there are more than 16 million retirees, retirees and other retired personnel who have bid farewell to their jobs, which is equivalent to more than 10% of the total number of employees. In 1985, the nationally paid retirement and retirement fees amounted to 14.56 billion yuan, with an average of 935 yuan for each retired and retired person.With the care of party organizations and governments at all levels, the majority of retired and retired people are well-equipped to spend their old age in peace. Health News, May 11th, my country's higher nursing education, which has been interrupted for more than 30 years, is gradually recovering. At present, 11 higher medical schools have tried to run nursing majors and nursing specialties, with nearly 700 students in school.So far, my country's nursing education has entered a new era of both intermediate education and advanced education. Xinhua News Agency, May 13th, my country's first computer-controlled clothing piece design, material distribution, and automatic cutting system passed the appraisal in Shanghai on the 12th. People's Daily, May 16th (Reporter Gao Xinqing) A giant tire production line imported from the United States with an annual output of 1,500 sets was completed and put into operation at Henan Tire Factory in Jiaozuo City on the morning of May 15th.This is the first giant tire production line in my country, which can produce giant tires of 23 specifications.Its completion has made my country one of the few countries in the world that can produce giant tires. People's Daily, May 18th, as long as you pay an insurance premium of 3 yuan a year, if something unexpected happens, you can get 3,000 yuan in compensation.Chongqing Insurance Company has provided group safety insurance for more than 430,000 primary and middle school students.The insurance company also piloted infant health insurance and maternal and child health insurance. Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, May 18th. The new type of artificial blood developed by the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences - perfluorocarbon blood, has been successfully used for battlefield rescue in Laoshan, Yunnan. This is the first in the world. the first time.Perfluorocarbon blood is a new perfluorinated biofunctional material.This kind of artificial blood has a wide range of uses, and is not limited by conditions such as blood type, physique, and supply. Workers’ Daily, May 19th (Reporter Zhu Tianze) In early May, the reporter went to the Shanghai Tractor Factory for interviews. In the sales department, they found that farmers from all over the country were queuing up to buy the Model 50 tractors produced by the factory.A farmer in Shandong bought two tractors at once, and some villages bought more than 20 tractors at once. A farmer in Anhui recently bought seven tractors from the Shanghai Tractor Factory.He said: "In our rural areas, there are more and more households with ten thousand yuan. After everyone gets rich, the water buffalo is replaced by an 'iron cow'. This is not uncommon." People's Daily reported on May 20 that the ISO100/21° and ISO200/24° daylight-type color films researched and produced by the Shenyang Chemical Industry Research Institute of the Ministry of Chemical Industry, the First Film Factory and the Second Film Factory were released on May 20. In the first ten days of the month, it passed the ministerial appraisal and is now ready for mass production.Because of its high quality and low price, it is very popular among the masses. Caifengbao, May 24th: Recently, 28 people in Guangzhou have been elected to work in party and government organs through the recommendation of the masses or self-recommendation in the "open talent selection".The "open talent selection" practiced in Guangzhou has broken the practice of looking through personnel files and only listening to leaders' opinions. The "public selection" not only invites relevant experts and journalists to participate, but also forms an evaluation team by experts to listen to the candidates' "policy speeches" and answer their questions. People's Daily, May 28th (Reporter Song Xilei) "Peacock" brand TV production factory - Suzhou TV Factory is one of the professional factories designated to produce TVs in my country, and has a history of 16 years.The accumulative total output of various models has exceeded 2 million units, and the products are sold well all over the country and exported to Spain and other countries, and have gradually entered the world. Nanfang Daily reported on June 5 that with the approval of the Guangzhou Municipal People's Government and the Municipal Price Bureau, the Guangzhou Municipal Public Utilities Bureau decided to implement a new fare system and new regulations for buses and trams in the city from June 1.The new ticket system stipulates that no matter how far or how far you travel, anyone who should buy a ticket will be charged 1 jiao.The bureau also stipulates that all children with a height of 1.2 meters or more must buy a ticket when taking a bus. Children under 1.2 meters must buy a ticket when traveling alone.Adults can only carry one child under 1.2 meters in height (limited to 1.2 meters) for free, and those who exceed it must buy a ticket to ride. People's Daily, June 5th (Reporter Cao Aiguo) In April this year, Bank of China Shenzhen Branch officially opened the computer network online system, and successively launched two latest computer services, "savings deposit" and "payment of wages", which improved the bank's operation. level of management modernization.In the past two months, the savings deposits of the whole bank have increased by 59% compared with the same period last year.This computer network online system is a relatively large-scale centralized real-time processing bank computer system, which is an important achievement of the introduction and digestion of foreign advanced technology in my country's financial circles. Xinhua News Agency, June 7th: On May 9th this year, a young man dressed in a "Cultural Revolution-style" yellow military uniform and an old military cap appeared on the stage of the "Hundred Singers Concert".He started to frown and howl wantonly: "I used to ask endlessly when you will come with me, but you always laugh at me and have nothing. I want to give you my pursuit and my freedom , but you always laugh at me and have nothing. Oh... when will you come with me." People were stunned.That sharp voice saw like a knife from the depths of the stage, causing people's eardrums to swell with scorching air waves and strong shocks.This young man named Cui Jian opened the door to Chinese rock music in this way. His powerful and hoarse voice, his slightly rude but culturally rich lyrics, and his anguish, thinking, doubt and pain all injected Chinese pop music a deeper affection.A new era in popular music has drawn a new curtain. This year, bodybuilding was officially included in the national competition. The girls in the competition wore bikinis for the first time to compete on stage, and they were criticized together. Xinhua News Agency, June 19th The language TV teaching film "Modern Chinese Language" recently came out in Lanzhou.The film was compiled and filmed based on X-ray photography and the principles of Chinese pronunciation. Wenzhou's rural economic development path, known as the "Wenzhou Model", has attracted the attention of people from all walks of life in China.Many experts and scholars spoke highly of this model, believing that it has become a regional model of China's rural economic system reform and economic development, and has reference significance for rural areas in China's economically underdeveloped areas.The so-called "Wenzhou model" is that after the relaxation of rural policies since 1980, farmers in Wenzhou broke through the shackles of the natural economy and chose household industries in the field of production and professional markets in the field of circulation. Urban and rural areas across the country collect information, purchase raw materials, and open up sales outlets for household industries, thus blazing a new path of developing the rural commodity economy to eradicate poverty and become rich. Worker's Daily, June 21 (Reporter Qin Guangyuan) High-end glass tea sets, which are regarded as a hot item in cities, have recently become popular items that the masses are vying for in some cities and towns in Liaoning.According to the statistics of Donggou joint-operated shopping malls, thousands of sets were sold from April to late May.The reason why glass tea sets sell well is that farmers' living standards have improved, and they have begun to pay attention to home decoration. Young people are willing to use this to decorate their new houses when they get married, and they are also willing to buy new catering services. People's Daily, July 9th (Reporter Gao Xinqing) After two years of hard work, my country's domestic satellite communication network has been officially announced. On the afternoon of July 8, at the Beijing Central Satellite Earth Station, as well as domestic satellite communication stations in Urumqi, Hohhot, and Lhasa, the opening ceremony of the domestic satellite communication network was grandly held at the same time. Vice Premier Li Peng of the State Council attended the opening ceremony and expressed his appreciation for this achievement on behalf of the State Council Congratulations. People's Daily, July 10th, on the afternoon of July 9th, the 1986 national general college admissions unified examination, which lasted for three days, was all over.More than 1.914 million examinees across the country felt relieved and started their vacation.This year, ordinary colleges and universities across the country plan to enroll 543,000 people. In addition, Radio and Television University will enroll 42,000 high school graduates, a total of 585,000 people. Xinhua News Agency, Lhasa, July 9th (Reporter Wang Haoshi Wenyan) In a spacious Tibetan-style compound on Bajiao Street in downtown Lhasa, dozens of Tibetan young men and women and lamas in cassocks sat in two classrooms, Seriously listen to British friend Day Kaz?Antrancastor and Marita?Antya Mazira teaches English.The reporter couldn't help feeling that with the progress of the times, the young lamas in Lhasa also began to read ABC.In order to meet people's requirements for learning foreign languages ​​in this area, various evening schools and training classes for teaching English came into being. Xinhua News Agency, July 20th: The average life expectancy of the Chinese people has increased from 35 years old before liberation to 68 years old; the death rate has dropped from 25‰ to 6.6‰; the infant mortality rate has dropped from 200‰ to 34.68‰.These indicators are close to the level of developed countries. The professional model pre-examination held by the Beijing advertising company is more stringent than previous exams.Fashion models must adapt to the trend of international fashion shows in terms of height, lines, appearance, demeanor, and temperament.But this time, to the surprise of the examiners, many young people from high-level cultural circles came to take the exam.It is reported that among the more than 480 candidates, 1/3 are college students or people with a college education level, including students from Peking University and Tsinghua University, and even a few graduate students who are willing to be amateur fashion models. People's Daily, July 24th To celebrate the 59th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, China Central Television will broadcast 8 military feature films across the country starting today.These TV films include "Barracks, Take-off", which reflects the wave of army reform, and "Soldier's Melody", "Sea Rhyme" and "Green Flower Field", which show the combat life of the army, navy, air force and armed police forces. , Emotional, real and touching.The on-site recordings of "Peng Liyuan in Laoshan", which recorded the performance of Peng Liyuan, a young female singer of the army, went to the front line to condolences, and "The Cowherd", which praised the Mongolian soldier Bao Qingyu's dedication to army building, are even more touching and touching. Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, July 26th. The reporter learned from the Office of the Central Treasury Bill Promotion Committee that banks across the country have begun to handle the repayment of the treasury bill in 1981.The treasury bills purchased by the unit shall be cashed at the bank where the account is opened; the treasury bills purchased by the individual shall be cashed at the designated banks in various places.为了便于人民群众兑付，中央国库券推销委员会办公室要求各地应在报纸上和储蓄所公布办理兑付银行的名称和地址。 上海汽车报7月28日讯据有关部门最近统计，全国私人拥有的汽车已经达到29万辆，其中95%是货车。 人民日报7月29日讯盲人有了称心的书写工具——盲文打字机。在27日举行的技术鉴定会上，中国盲人聋哑人协会副主席滕伟民作了现场打字表演，打出的盲文字符排列整齐，手感清晰，受到与会专家和盲人代表的赞许。这台盲文打字机长39厘米，宽23厘米，高9厘米，重量仅3公斤。 新华社呼和浩特7月29日电（记者班和平）我国高等院校出版事业发展迅速，已由50年代的两家出版社增加到66家，占全国出版社总数的16％。截至1985年底，这些出版社共出书4400多种，其中大多数是质量较高的教材和学术著作。 7月27日至30日，东辽河4天降水量125至340毫米，梨树县双山渠首降水量高达429毫米，为历史所罕见。这场大雨导致了30日东辽河太平水文站流量达1010秒立方米，出现了新中国成立以来最大的洪水，东辽河多处漫堤和决口，沿河地段平地水深2米。黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古在这次洪涝灾害中共计受涝农田9924万亩，受灾人1501万人，倒房63.8万间，直接经济损失67.8亿元。 新华社8月5日讯我国第一家证券交易市场今天在沈阳正式开业。目前确定的债券买卖方式主要有3种：一、交易部门每天挂牌公布买卖转让价格，持券人和购券人可以按公布价格卖出和买进；二、持券人自己提出售价，委托加以部门代卖；三、买卖双方自由议价，成交后经交易部门签证并收取一定的手续费，加盖戳记后视为合法交易。 新华社北京8月5日电（记者鹿永建王满）曾经受到中央领导同志称赞的我国奶牛胚胎移植技术研究又传出新消息：承担这项研究任务的中国农业科学院畜牧研究所去年利用奶牛冷冻胚胎移植技术对32头杂种牛和黄母牛进行纯种奶牛繁殖试验，受胎率达到50％。这一成果不仅在国内处于领先地位，而且在国际上也是比较先进的。 人民日报8月7日讯据外电报道，来自中国、美国、日本和香港5家银行的代表，7月25日在广东深圳签订一项关于在中国建立一家国际银行的协议。在协议上签字的有：中国银行深圳分行、美国太平洋证券公司、日本住友银行和野村证券有限公司以及香港东亚银行。 人民日报8月10日据《今晚报》报道天津市郊区农民首次集体建造商品房，第一批竣工的10万平方米住房最近一售即罄，预计年底竣工的也已大部分预售出去。农民兴建商品房，大大促进了郊区农村经济。 人民日报8月11日讯中国国际旅行社总社，最近开展了海外旅行业务，专门为驻华机构的外国人、外国侨民、外国旅客、华侨、港澳同胞和因公务、因私事出国的中国人，提供优质价廉的海外旅行服务。服务内容是，代办前往世界各地的签证、飞机票；代订国外饭店、旅馆及旅行、导游、翻译、抵离接送；承办海外旅行日程、参观游览项目的安排。 辽宁日报8月13日讯辽宁省东沟县400多名农民业余作者，去年在县以上报纸、杂志上发表和在国内外展出的各种文艺作品450多篇（次），其中出国展出的农民画200多幅。这支创作队伍，有青年人，也有老艺人。创作的形式和体裁，有诗歌、小说、散文、绘画、剪纸、雕塑。这些作品从不同的角度，歌颂了党的富民政策，反映了美好的现实生活，充满了乡土气息。 新华社8月13日讯我国农村已有3000个电视村。这些电视村的出现，对加快农村文明建设起到了积极的促进作用，据国家统计局调查表明，1985年底我国农村已拥有电视村近3000万台，农村平均每百户有电视及11.8台。目前，我国农村出现了35个电视县，100多个电视乡。 新华社北京8月14日电我国依靠自己力量研制成功的环幕电影，在广播电影电视部主持下，日前通过鉴定。中国电影科学技术研究所摄制的我国第一部环幕电影《广州风貌》，试验放映获得成功。 新华社8月15日讯北京市在交通枢纽和繁华地区安装了10台被誉为“活地图”的电脑交通查询机。若想问路，只需查清所去地址的数字编码，然后向机器内投入五分硬币，再按编码按动键钮，银光屏上立即显示出换乘汽车或地点的路线，并随后打印出一条小纸条上。 文汇报8月16日讯今年女中学生当中又开始出现了“琼瑶热”。借阅琼瑶小说的盛况有增无减。一本小说经过几个班级传看。新华社书店柜台上的为数不多的琼瑶小说也被女学生们抢购一空。女学生们对记者说：“琼瑶小说是我们感情成熟的教科书。” 让读者进入浑然一体的艺术境界 人民日报8月18日讯（记者刘文）凌力的两部小说《星星草》和，可以毫无愧色的立于长篇小说历史画卷的文学创作之林。《星星草》是三条多线索的多元结构，意在多侧面地反映当时的社会风貌，但辅助线与主副线之间，存在着明显的游离。围绕顺治及其以下一大批王公大臣、宫妃宫女，大至军国大事的处置，小至日常生活的料理，集中主要篇幅，以酣畅淋漓的笔墨，逼真而生动地再现了一幅幅宫廷生活的画面。给予读者的都是一个浑然一体的艺术境界。这两篇小说反映着作家把历史感和现实感相结合，体现着作家思想境界的深浅和艺术视野的宽窄，更重要的是证实着作家历史使命感和社会责任感的强弱。 人民日报8月19日讯记者最近从全国普及电视工作会议上获悉，近几年，农村电视机的购买量每年平均以递增49%的速度不断增长。据国家统计局调查表明，到1985年年底，我国农村已拥有电视机近3000万台，农村平均每百户有电视机11.8台。 竺诗忍和徐锦峰在《世界经济导报》上撰文指出，当前我国生态环境仍在继续恶化。共有以下一点：一、1982年全国排放废水310亿吨，此后连年增长，但污水处理能力的增长远远不适应；二、目前全国硫沉降量的平均指数超过国际标准的3倍；三、我国森林覆盖面只及8%。全国每年造成活林面积约1560万亩，而每年伐木、毁林、火灾损失面积约3755万亩；四、全国水土面积30多年来扩大了近40万平方公里，占国土面积1/6。我国人均面积已由30年代的3.5亩下降到70年代的1.56亩；五、我国23%的草场正在退化，草原产草量70年代比30年代减少1/3的一半。全国沙漠、沙漠化土地面积已占到国土面积13.3%。 新华社8月19日讯据国家工商行政管理局统计，我国城乡个体工商业者从10年动结束时的10几万，发展到现在的1700多万，增加了396倍，星罗棋布的个体经营网点占到全社会经营网点的76.2‰。 新华社南京8月22日电（记者高峰）江苏省吴县渭南村的330户农民，如今家家都安装了立体声有线广播音箱，成为全国第一个实现立体声有线广播的村。近些年来，渭南村经济发展较快，人民的物质文化生活不断提高，于是去年便在全村建起了立体声广播系统。 人民日报8月24日讯广州市率先在大中型企业中试行“合股经营，共负盈亏”股份制，第一批试点的广州绢麻纺织厂、侨光制药厂、明兴制药厂，有7成至9成职工投资参股，并建立了董事会或股东代表会。半年多来的实践证明，这样做，收到了较好的效果，有利于发挥职工的主人翁精神和缓解企业资金不足的问题。 中国科技报8月25日报道一支引人注目的地方科研“部队”——省、自治区、直辖市科学院，在各地迅速崛起。据初步统计，全国省（市、区）已拥有90多个科研机构，近五年取得1400多项成果，创经济效益10亿元。 人民日报9月14日讯我国第一台电气化架线作业车组12日在洛阳通过铁道部部级鉴定。铁道部宝鸡工程机械厂研制的DAF2型电气化架线作业车组功能多，双轴驱动，操作灵活。这种车组曾在洛阳至三门峡电气化铁路投入试用，比人工架线提高工效3倍。 新华社贵阳9月16日电（记者杨锡玲）贵州省人民医院、贵州省心血管病研究所的医务人员，最近首次在国内应用体外循环心脏直视手术治疗心内膜心肌纤维化心脏病获得成功。 新华社沈阳9月18日电（通讯员赵德安陈光明）由于电视台之间的经验交流和节目交换日趋活跃，各地电视观众都能及时地看到更多更好的电视节目。目前，全国已有城市电视台140个，还有36个台正在筹建。这些城市电视台的出现，丰富了中央电视台和各省电视台的节目来源。 中国电子报9月27日报道国产第一代带电脑自动选曲双卡收录机，日前在常州无线电总厂批量生产。该收录机在调频调幅、双卡立体声的基础上，增加了电脑自动选曲、速录、五频音调补偿、编辑等功能。 新华社北京9月27日电我国第一台“读卡机”由长春市读卡机厂试制成功，今天在北京通过了国家语言文字工作委员会主持的部级鉴定。这种读卡机的试制成功填补了国内的空白，它在今年全国儿童玩具展销会上被评为十佳产品之一。 人民日报10月1日讯“外出旅行不用带现款，随用随取很方便。”从今天起，全国又将有39个城市的46个邮电局开办活期储蓄异地存取业务。至此，全国已有24个省、市、自治区的43个城市共55个邮电局开办了这项业务。 新华社北京10月2日讯（记者何卓新江钱峰）国庆节的天安门广场是姹紫嫣红的花海。游人自带照相机拍照的不可胜数。据行家粗略统计，“十一”晚上广场上的私人照相机至少有1万台。有关方面的抽样调查表明，我国城市居民去年每百户拥有12架照相机，而1981年只有4架。 新华社10月8日讯全国各地大批青年踊跃报名参加高等教育自学考试，仅今年上半年就有140多万人报考。在17个开考较早的省、市，五年来已有4.46多万人经过高等教育自学考试，取得了专科或本科证书。 北京晚报11月9日讯（记者关春芳）据从刚刚闭幕的国际整形外科美学研究会上获悉：随着人民生活水平的提高，我国整形外科发展迅速，是很多人先天畸形的躯体恢复常态，变得健美。而做手术的人从演员发展到工人、干部、农民。做双眼皮、老年性眼皮松弛的绷紧，招风耳整形已开始普遍。 人民日报10月14日讯广州市汽车公司的八百多辆出租汽车最近全部在车内装上价目表，上面清楚地印着日间、夜间、市区和郊外等各种情况下的收费标准及本车号码、车队电话，乘客下车前对自己该交多少车费一目了然。 生活周刊10月17日报道盘踞在高达16层上海冶金大楼上达19年之久的两条“文革”标语，目前被一洗而净，为之付出的代价是8500元，耗用了200个劳动日。他们采用化学清洗的办法，经过反复喷射，冲洗，终于剔除了“文革”遗迹，楼面本色终见天日。 工人日报10月17日讯四川简阳县一些农民在吃饭问题解决后，把兴趣转向办学育人上来。目前经批准农民私人办起的学校已有12所，使1600多名因各种原因未能上学的农民子女重新获得学习的机会，学校还由补习型向正规方向发展。 新华社北京10月21日讯我国着力改善群众居住环境的努力正在取得显著成效。往年住宅建设一排排一般高，楼楼紧相连的单调、呆板的格局被突破，代之而起的是建设合理、协调、富有群体美的一批披新型住宅小区，居民们的居住质量同时有了提高，近3年来，全国每年都要建20个左右新型小区。居民们高兴的对记者说：“现在我们不但有的住，而且住的实在是好呀！” 新华社南京10月27日讯据从最近在广西壮族自治区南宁市召开的全国绿化文员会办公室主任会上获悉：我国城市绿化工作取得显著成绩，大部分城市的绿化状况有明显改善，一部分城市经长期绿化美化，形成了绿树成行、园林叠翠、花坛处处、草坪成片的优美环境。据有关部门统计，到1985年底，全国城市园林绿化面积已达1.1291万公顷，比1981年增长了45‰。 中国新闻11月4日讯广州最近出现了由街道集资兴办的一批城市“小钱庄”，分布在北京街、诗书街等共4间城市合作信用社，最近同时开业。这批民间兴办的集体金融企业，突破了旧金融体制由国内独家经营的局面。 新华社北京11月11日电目前我国已跨进了世界上年产量在5000万只以上的少数几个手表生产大国的行列。每月生产手表470多万只，比1965年以前历年产量的总和还要多。我国手表工业始于50年代中期，比世界手表生产大国大约晚了半个多世纪。现在我国已有生产手表的定点企业40家。1985年产量达5431万只，今年前10个月又比去年同期大幅度增长。机械手表走时每昼夜一般不超过正负30秒钟，机芯部分总的质量达到了国际先进水平。 新华社北京11月13日电（记者张慧贤）自从1977年以来，先后有美国、英国、法国、联邦德国等17个国家的留学生到中央戏剧学院学习。他们都很喜欢中国戏曲，许多人达到如醉如痴的程度。许多外国留学生回国后成为向世界各国介绍中国戏曲艺术的传播者。瑞典进修生聂珂玲写的《梨园的果实——中国戏曲》一书已经出版。法国留学生尹瑞培写的《中国戏曲音乐》即将出版。 我国向国外出售6架“运12”飞机，到10月底已有2架在哈尔滨飞机制造公司装配成功。试飞完毕，购方经验收对飞机的质量表示满意。这是我国首次向国外售出的第一批民用飞机。 新华社北京11月14日电（记者朱玉）首都医学界最近取得了我国自己的脑电图正常值数据，结束了几十年来依靠欧美和日本脑电图标准的历史。从1983年至1985年，中华医学会北京分会协同其它33个单位，完成了对北京地区各年龄组2357例的脑电图调查。调查结果表明：我国儿童、青少年的脑波，6至7岁、11至12岁、15至16岁具有3个加速期，均为学习重要阶段；10至11岁少年大脑发育正常，脑波频率比国外同龄者稍快，女孩比男孩早成熟约1至2岁。20至45岁是工作、生活的黄金时代。 新华社11月16日讯打电话不一定非得在固定的地点，现在只要每个人腰间拴上一个一包香烟大的盒子，便可和城市的电通信网络建立了联系。全国20个城市新近开办的无线点寻呼业务，这种不用电线的打电话方式，已经吸引了3.35万多名用户。 人民日报11月20日讯（记者李斌）目前全国共有城市公园约1400多个。另外县、镇、区约有公园1000个，共有各类公园2400多个。据1985年统计，全国城市公园年接待中外游人达8亿人次之多。10月底在湖南衡阳市召开的第一次全国公园工作会议，就如何加强公园管理、为城市创造良好生态环境等问题进行了讨论。 新华社上海11月26日电（记者汪洪洋）建国以来我国美发美容界规模最大