Chapter 9 Chapter Eight 1985

1985 was a year in which reforms in the economy, science and technology, education, and military systems were comprehensively introduced and deepened. On January 1, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued "Ten Policies on Further Energizing the Rural Economy". The second is to adjust the rural industrial structure, continue to implement the policy of never relaxing grain production, actively develop diversified management policies, face the market, adapt measures to local conditions, coordinate the development of various aspects of agriculture, and gradually realize the rationalization of the rural industrial structure.This document marks the end of the first phase of rural reform centered on the establishment of the rural production responsibility system that began after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee. The second phase of rural reform, which will further reform the rural economic management system and promote the rationalization of the rural industrial structure, is about to come to an end. start.Since then, my country's rural areas have entered a new stage of comprehensive development of commodity production.

From March 2 to 7, the National Science and Technology Work Conference was held in Beijing to discuss the reform of the science and technology system. On the 13th, the "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Reform of the Science and Technology System" was officially announced.It shows that in the past, China's science and technology were all attached to and obeyed the orders of administrative agencies, without any autonomy, and the state of separation of science and technology from production and construction has begun to be reversed and improved.

The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Decision on the Reform of the Educational System" on May 27.Its main contents are: reforming the education management system, while strengthening macro-management, resolutely implementing simplification of administration and decentralization of power, expanding the autonomy of schools in running schools; adjusting the educational structure, and reforming the personnel system accordingly; reforming education that is not compatible with socialist modernization. Ideas, educational content, and educational methods. Deng Xiaoping, chairman of the Central Military Commission, announced at an enlarged meeting of the Central Military Commission on June 4 that the Chinese government has decided to reduce the number of personnel in the Chinese People's Liberation Army by 1 million.This is a manifestation of the strength and confidence of the Chinese government and people.It shows that China is willing to contribute to the maintenance of world peace with its own practical actions.

At the beginning of the year, the State Council issued the "Notice on the Wage Reform of State-owned Enterprises" and pointed out: In state-owned large and medium-sized enterprises, the method of floating employee wages in proportion to the economic benefits of the enterprise is implemented; the total wages are linked to economic benefits... In this year, the separation of government and communes from rural people's communes and the establishment of township governments all over the country were completed.A total of more than 92,000 township and town people's governments have been established nationwide, and more than 820,000 village committees have been established.

In May of this year, the "Spark Project" was approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council.This plan is jointly proposed by the State Science and Technology Commission and various relevant ministries and commissions to serve the revitalization of the rural economy through science and technology. Worker's Daily, January 2, box lunch as a convenient and fast food is quietly rising in Guangzhou.In order to adapt to the new situation of shortening the lunch break, Guangzhou Catering Service Company has taken measures to expand the production of boxed lunches. The daily sales volume of Guangzhou boxed lunches has reached more than 3,000 boxes. And residents are welcome.

Worker’s Daily, January 10th, in order to take care of the health of elderly intellectuals and enable them to better contribute to the construction of the four modernizations, Wuhan City has recently made new regulations, which apply to intellectuals over the age of 55 for men and 50 for women. A system of working 6 hours a day or 5 days a week. Since foreign actress Marilyn Monroe wore high-heeled shoes with a peerless style, high-heeled shoes have become widely popular in our country.The magic of high-heeled shoes does not lie in its height, but mainly comes from a visual illusion it creates: slender and slender high-heeled shoes use the curvature of the ankle to set off the curve of women's legs gracefully and slenderly, This is the so-called sexy symbol.

Worker's Daily, January 13th, in 1985, the phenomenon of hot sales of bed sheets began to appear in the whole country.Its reason is: in the city, because the youth of entering marriage age increases, and the new direction that presents relatives and friends with bed sheet appears; Worker's Daily, January 14th: Recently, the first film and television company founded by farmers in my country - Farm Film and Television Company was established in Changdao, Shandong. Diao Zenghu, a 39-year-old farmer, serves as the chairman, and has hired some professional or amateur filmmakers as screenwriters, directors, photographers, etc.He first selected the script, which is scheduled to start shooting this spring.

"The moon on the 15th shines on the border in my hometown. In the quiet night, you miss me too. You guard the baby's cradle, and I patrol the border defense line of the motherland; you plow the farmland in your hometown, and I stand guard at the border. On duty. Ah...the harvest fruit contains both your sweetness and my sweetness, and the military medal has half of mine and half of yours..." In 1985, there was a popular military song "Moon of the Fifteenth" , moved thousands of Chinese people, and quickly became popular all over the country.Many overseas Chinese and ethnic Chinese also sang this song to express their nostalgia for the motherland and hometown.

Xinhua News Agency, Guangzhou, January 15th. my country's first seawater desalination project - the Xisha Seawater Desalination Station was recently completed and put into operation on Yongguang Island in the Xisha Islands.The Xisha seawater desalination project is installed using a seawater desalination device designed and manufactured by my country, with a daily output of 200 tons of desalinated water, which brings convenience to Xisha military and civilian drinking water. Beijing Evening News, January 16th (Reporter Wang Daren) The reporter learned an interesting news in the computer report class of Beijing Yumin Primary School: after the fourth-grade students learned the computer for 3 months, they were better than the teachers who had learned the same time. The proficiency of operation is still higher than the programming level by a large margin.In this regard, the school's teaching director said: "This situation shows that children have a strong memory, and it is completely possible to start with a computer from a doll."

Beijing Evening News, Harbin, January 20th, on the morning of the 20th, a mass wedding ceremony on ice was held in a park in Harbin. At 10 o'clock, the park was full of music, and three horses carried three couples who paid tribute to people, walking slowly, and there was constant applause and laughter.The person in charge of the Bureau of Gardens said that since young people like weddings on ice, there will be more and more colorful weddings in the future, so that anecdotes about the ice city will spread all over the world. Xinhua News Agency, January 21. From January 10 to 20, the ninth meeting of the Standing Committee of the Sixth National People's Congress was held in Beijing.The ninth meeting of the Standing Committee of the Sixth National People's Congress passed a resolution, stipulating that September 10 every year is the Chinese Teacher's Day.Setting Teacher's Day on September 10 is to consider the start of the new school year for primary and middle school students across the country, which is conducive to promoting the teaching work in the new year.September 10 this year is the first Teacher's Day in my country.

Workers' Daily, January 22 According to statistics from the Beijing China Tourism Agency, more than 12,500 compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, overseas Chinese, and foreign Chinese came to Beijing for the Spring Festival this year, the largest number since the founding of the People's Republic of China. Worker's Daily, January 23, my country also has a master's degree in the two major art fields of film and dance. On January 12, at the graduation ceremony of the 84th postgraduate class of Chinese art researchers, among the 40 graduating graduate students, there were 5 graduate students majoring in film history and theory, dance history and theory. This is the first time that my country has trained these two majors The first postgraduate students. Worker's Daily, January 31st, Shanghai's newly established Yanzhong Industrial Co., Ltd. is the first company to issue shares to the public.The total value of the initial issue of shares is 5 million yuan, 500,000 yuan per share, and there are two types of collective shares and individual shares subscribed by enterprises. People's Daily, February 1st: In the countryside of Jiangsu Province, where the commodity economy is booming, 40 "ten million yuan villages" emerged last year.They are praised as the pioneers of rural industrialization.These 40 "10 million yuan villages" had great development in industry, sideline and agriculture last year, and the annual output value of each village exceeded 10 million yuan.Sanfangxiang Village, Zhouzhuang Township, Jiangyin County, with the highest output value, has a total annual output value of more than 28 million yuan, and the per capita output value of the whole village exceeds 21,000 yuan. Beijing Evening News, February 4th, a hot air balloon designed by Hongwei Machinery Factory in Xiangfan City, Hubei Province, successfully flew in Beijing on the afternoon of January 30th.This is the first hot air balloon designed by Chinese researchers. It took more than a month from design to test flight. The hot air balloon has a load of 400 kilograms and can take 6 people into the sky at the same time. People's Daily, February 5th, my country's first group telephone production line was officially put into operation in Beijing Radio No. 3 Factory on February 4th.This production line mainly produces 5S and 10S group telephone systems with the level of the 1980s. Workers' Daily, February 8th, my country's first dome-screen movie "Huangpu River Fleet Road", which was trial-produced by the Mechanical Research Institute of the Naval Academy, was screened at the Navy's leading agency on the afternoon of the 7th.Comrades from the press and film circles in Beijing watched the film with great interest.Ball screen movies are projected on special screens. This is a new type of movie that has just been developed abroad. Its outstanding features are: strong sense of reality and immersive effects. Beijing Evening News, February 14th (Reporter Liao Xiaoying) Over the past few days, a wave of buying artificial flowers has hit the Beijing market.It is reported that only the Beijing Silk Flower Factory sells an average of 30,000 yuan a day to the market for artificial flowers, with a peak of 60,000 to 70,000 yuan, which is still in short supply.According to market managers, people's aesthetics are changing. More and more people pay attention to home decoration and beautify the environment. This is the main reason why Beijing's artificial flowers are selling well this year. Workers' Daily, February 15th, Shaolin Management Office of Henan Songshan Administration recently invested in the establishment of a 150-seat closed-circuit television guide station.Tourists only need to pay 10 cents to enjoy the sights of more than 20 scenic spots and historical sites such as Shaolin Reservoir, Shaolin Temple Gate, Abbot’s Room, etc. on the screen according to the tour route. China People's Daily, February 17th Not long ago, a grand wedding ball was held at the home of Huang Yan, a member of the Happiness Group 1 in Guanxian County, Sichuan Province.Both the bride and groom and the elders of both parties believe that ballroom dancing is better than ancient customs such as "worshiping heaven and earth" and "making troubles in the bridal chamber".To this end, they invited relatives, friends and young men and women to attend the prom wedding, and also invited a band to accompany the prom. People's Daily, February 8th (Reporter Liang Zhaoming) Last year, the Guangzhou Municipal Administration for Industry and Commerce applied for more than 3,400 business licenses for state-owned and collectively developed tertiary industries. On average, nearly 10 shops opened for business every day, and nearly 80,000 people were employed. .Today, it is difficult to find shops in the bustling areas of the city. Hundreds of new stores have been extended outwards, and many formerly remote areas have become downtowns. Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, February 6 (correspondent Fang Zhiyong and reporter Wang Yanbin) According to the materials provided by the Ministry of Civil Affairs: In 1984, a total of 6,828 nursing homes were built nationwide, and more than 72,000 orphans and widows were adopted.So far, the number of nursing homes across the country has increased to 28,750, and more than 241,400 orphans and widows live here in their old age.With the development of the economy, the living expenses of the lonely and widowed elderly in nursing homes in various places have also increased significantly.In addition to the living expenses of more than 300 to 500 yuan per person per year, the widowed elderly also have some pocket money at their own disposal every month.Nursing homes around the country have also added some service facilities and projects. Worker's Daily, February 18th: How do elderly women spend their old age peacefully?How to help children and daughters-in-law to raise their grandsons and granddaughters, and handle the relationship between the two generations?"Mother-in-law schools" to help elderly women deal with these problems have recently sprung up in Guangzhou.At present, there are 160 streets in the city, and 64 schools with more than 200 classes have been set up, and more than 30,000 women have enrolled in the school.The women who enrolled think that going to school can not only learn life knowledge, but also a good place for activities after retirement. People's Daily, February 19th In Shenyang, residents can easily find a nanny just by calling the nanny agency.This nanny agency is run by Maluwan Housework Labor Company in Shenyang City. After recruiting nanny in the countryside, it serves as a bridge for families in the city who need to hire a nanny.Since its establishment, the agency has recruited nannies for 240 households, and there are still more than 100 households registered to need nannies. People's Daily, February 20th, Shanghai Light Industry System launched the first new household appliance product this year - a microwave oven, which can replace coal stoves, gas and pots to cook various foods.According to relevant experts, microwave ovens use a special radio wave - "microwave" to act on food, making food molecules move at a frequency of 2.45 billion times per second, thereby generating a large amount of frictional heat, which replaces the energy used fire heating method.At the same time, it also has the effect of sterilization and power saving. It consumes one degree of electricity for one hour of continuous use, and it only takes 20 minutes for a family of four to cook four dishes and one soup. Worker's Daily, February 23. Shanghai has undergone major reforms in the college entrance examination this year. One of them is that a small number of graduates who are particularly outstanding in morality, intelligence, and physical fitness or have special skills will be exempted from taking the entrance examination in key middle schools in the city this year. Each school recommends 3 to 5 people.Individual outstanding graduates from other middle schools who meet the above conditions can also be recommended. Xinhua News Agency, February 23 On the first day of the first lunar month, more than ten thousand men, women and children in Shanghai flocked to the newly opened amusement park.Residents of my country's largest cities are now lively "playing" in addition to "eating" and "drinking".The rising amusement industry in Shanghai has various forms and each has its own characteristics.On the seashore of Gaoqiao, Chuansha County, near the mouth of the Yangtze River, a "trinity" tourist area of ​​recreation, entertainment and recuperation is under construction.The water sports field in the eastern part of Dianshan Lake in the outer suburbs will soon be rebuilt and expanded into a modern comprehensive sports tourism center.Farmers in the suburbs also raised funds to build an orange orchard combining orchards and parks on Changxing Island for tourists to watch and taste.Most of the parks in the urban area have also added or are planning to build various small playgrounds. People's Daily, February 25th, Beijing-Nanning five/six special express closed-circuit television system, after more than two months of trial, has met the design requirements.The closed-circuit television system installed on the train was jointly completed by China Railway CCTV Technology Development Corporation, Nanning Branch of Liuzhou Railway Bureau and Beijing TV Factory. Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, March 3 (Correspondent Zhang Junyi, reporter Li Ciying) Zhang Yumei, an outstanding female pilot of the Air Force, recently joined the ranks of scientific research test pilots and became my country's first female test pilot.Zhang Yumei was selected from a group of male and female pilots after rigorous assessment.She is one of the third batch of female pilots trained by our country. She has 18 years of flying history and has flown more than 2,700 hours. She is skilled and is an "all-weather" pilot. Workers' Daily, March 5th: Since October last year, there has been a "private phone boom" in Shanghai.According to statistics, from October to December 1984, the average number of households who applied for the installation of private telephones per day soared to more than 1,500 households, an increase of nearly 10 times. Xinhua News Agency, March 8 According to the instructions of the Party Central Committee, Shanghai, Liaoning and other 16 provinces and cities will start Tibet classes this summer to help Tibet cultivate Tibetan middle-level professional and technical personnel, so as to accelerate the pace of Tibet's modernization.The 16 provinces and municipalities that plan to hold Tibet classes are: Shanghai, Tianjin, Liaoning, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Hubei, Anhui, Shanxi, Hunan, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Yunnan and Chongqing. People's Daily, March 15th, one of the famous townships with 100 million yuan in Jiangsu—Zhouzhuang Township, Jiangyin County, set up a farmers' color photography department on the eve of the Chinese New Year.In 1983, the total industrial and agricultural output value of Zhouzhuang Township reached 100 million yuan.The "full moon photos" of rural children, the "marriage photos" of young people, the "family photos" of farmers, and the "product photos" of rural enterprises all hope to have "color".At the beginning of this year, the township's second mechanical and electrical plant spent 20,000 yuan to purchase equipment and invited 3 experts from Wuxi to set up a farmers' color photo photography department.Farmers from four villages and five miles came to hear the news, and there was an unprecedented color photo craze in Yiyuan Township. People's Daily, March 16 (Reporter Li Qun and Zhang Zhidao) A pair of small snow leopards bred in captivity in the People's Park of Xining City, Qinghai Province, located on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, recently passed technical appraisal in Xining City.This is the first time that snow leopards have bred offspring in Chinese zoos.This has filled the blank for the artificial breeding of snow leopards in my country, has important academic value, and has long-term significance for maintaining the population and quantity of snow leopards in my country. Xinhua News Agency, Urumqi, March 23 (Reporter Bai Ruchen) A group of houses with large glass windows for lighting appeared in the rural areas of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.According to the investigation and calculation of the Construction Department of the Autonomous Region, in the past year, more than 6.3 million square meters of this new type of housing were built in rural areas of Xinjiang, and about 100,000 ethnic minority farmers lived in bright new houses. Xinhua News Agency, Xi'an, March 24 (correspondent: Hui Shucheng) Human bone marrow cells were successfully cultured in Shaanxi in vitro.Famous hematology experts from Beijing, Guangzhou and other places recently appraised this achievement and believed that it filled the gap in China and reached the international advanced level.This scientific research achievement was completed by Li Meisheng, deputy chief physician of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, and a research team led by him.This scientific research achievement is of great significance to the diagnosis and treatment of blood diseases such as obstructive anemia, leukemia and myeloid hyperplasia. When college boys in the 1980s wrote love letters to girls they had a crush on, they often picked up and copied a few lines from Wang Guozhen's poems.Because his poems not only include the life of young people and the clear and clear way of expression, but more importantly, a detached, open-minded, easy-going, and calm attitude towards life.Wang Guozhen's collection of poems has been constantly refurbished and copied.Reading and copying Wang Guozhen's poems has also become a fashionable sign. Reform Information News March 21 Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of my country, 60 to 70 private universities have been established all over the country, offering nearly 100 majors, enrolling more than 50,000 students, and graduating more than 10,000 people.Private universities have become an important front in my country's higher education front. Newspaper, March 23rd, one day before the Spring Festival, the farmer band in Weiyuan County, Sichuan Province received a letter from San Francisco, USA. The letter was sent by an overseas Chinese in the United States. The "International Times" published photos of this farmer's brass band performing. I didn't expect this peasant's brass band to become famous internationally. Beijing Evening News, March 30th (Reporter Xie Xizhang) The reporter learned from relevant meetings last night that my country’s publishing industry has made great progress in recent years. Up to now, there are 367 publishing houses, and last year they published more than 40,000 books. On average, 110 new books enter the cultural market every day, and the number of newspapers and magazines is close to 5,000. Such a large number of publications poses a challenge to the distribution work. In recent years, collective and individual book distribution work has been carried out extensively, which has made up for the state-run to a certain extent. Insufficient issuers. Beijing Evening News, April 20th (Reporter Wang Binghui) Beijing Chinese fast food started relatively late, but the speed is fast.Li Yulin, manager of Huaqing Chinese fast food restaurant in Dongcheng District, Beijing, said: "Our fast food sells six to seven thousand copies every day from 9:00 to 6:00 pm, with an average of 7 boxes every minute." Rhythm, more and more people's attention. People's Daily, April 10th (Reporter Liu Xiaoming) More than half a month ago, the Chinese table tennis team handed over six world championship trophies to Gothenburg, Sweden. On April 9th, with the victorious Chinese table tennis players, they returned to Beijing. .In the lounge of the Capital Airport, the young table tennis players in good spirits were warmly welcomed by athlete representatives Rong Gaotang, Li Menghua and other comrades.Rong Gaotang and Li Menghua praised the Chinese table tennis team for winning honor for the motherland once again with the spirit of hard work, and hoped that the table tennis players will continue to work hard, continue to innovate, and consolidate the advantages they have gained. People's Daily, April 12th: Nylon leather, which is used to make cloth travel bags and handbags that consumers love, has recently been successfully developed by Beijing Plastics No. 3 Factory.In the past, all the nylon leather used in the manufacture of bags and handbags in my country was imported, which was not only expensive, but also limited in supply.Beijing Plastic No. 3 Factory gave full play to the role of technicians in the enterprise reform, optimized the process formula, and used the original equipment and domestic raw materials to trial-produce high-quality nylon leather, which filled the gap in this aspect in our country. People's Daily, April 17th, at the National Household Appliances Fair, the "Little Swan" brand washing machine produced by Wuxi Washing Machine Factory was particularly eye-catching.It has a unique structure and is easy to operate. The washing tank and the dehydration bucket are combined together and occupy a small area.During operation, the whole process of washing, rinsing and shaking can be completed in one tank, without having to carry wet clothes around.This washing machine is also equipped with a spray device and an automatic filter for cloth debris.Since its dehydration bucket is three times larger than normal, clothes are less likely to wrinkle after dehydration. The "Little Swan" washing machine has won the national "Golden Dragon Award". Last year, it went abroad for exhibition and sales, and was very popular among consumers. People's Daily, April 28 According to the decision of the Heilongjiang Provincial Party Committee, Harbin Normal University began to implement the principal responsibility system on a trial basis.The school decided to do three things in the near future: 1. Follow the spirit of the higher-level leadership on reforming the school's leadership system, and formulate a plan for implementing the principal responsibility system.2. Improve the administrative command system and give full play to the role of the principal's office meeting.Major issues are presided over by the principal, and discussed and decided at the principal's office meeting.The vice-principal shall do a good job in the work of the system according to the division of labor and be responsible to the principal.Strengthen the work of administrative functional departments, further enrich and establish a set of school-wide work and management systems centered on teaching and scientific research.3. In the spirit of renewal, truth-seeking, and efficiency, make overall arrangements for the work of the whole school, highlight key points, encourage excellence, and closely rely on the school party committee to do a good job in the ideological and political work of the school's faculty and staff, and mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties. Exploratory novels such as "The Bull" and "Old Floating Clouds" written by the author Can Xue have attracted the attention of the literary and art circles and readers.The "House on the Mountain" published in the 8th issue of "People's Literature" this year is a representative work of exploration novels, which has aroused controversy among readers and literary circles.It is like a castle, relying on people's thoughts to climb another foothill, stand on tiptoe and look in its direction, but only see a deep purple darkness.This gloomy setting reminds people of the dark side of the moon that cannot be illuminated by the general light. They are like the gloomy light refracted in the swamp, making readers feel inexplicable surprise when their fingers slide over its surface. fear and loneliness. Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, May 3. Young workers under the age of 35, who account for more than 60% of the total number of workers in my country, have become the main force in the front line of production.According to statistics, in the past 10 years, new workers have been added to production and construction positions at an average rate of 1 million per year. At the same time, with the retirement of a large number of old workers, young workers have quickly become the "pillars" of production.Young workers are young, educated, and active in thinking, bringing great vitality to the production sector. Worker's Daily, May 10th A few days ago, Shanghai University of Technology and Shanghai Radio 18 Factory jointly developed the first domestic color double-screen TV.This kind of TV can simultaneously display two different or identical TV pictures on a single TV screen, and while watching a certain TV program, one can enjoy or monitor TV programs of other channels on the other corner of the screen. Worker's Daily, May 31st, with the continuous improvement of consumption levels, small household appliances are rapidly emerging.According to Beijing Xidan Department Store: This year, the sales of kitchen appliances such as rice cookers, electric frying pans, and electric kettles are becoming more and more active. The multi-purpose heat-preserving rice cooker at 70 yuan a piece is very popular, and nearly a thousand units were sold in just one month.Electric heating quilts are even more popular, with more than 1,500 sold in less than a week.After some emerging electrical products are put on the market, they are also very popular. Xinhua News Agency, May 2: On May 1, the new style of clothing for the Chinese navy, army and air force is that all cadres and male soldiers wear big-brimmed hats, while female soldiers still wear caps without brims.The clothing color of the army is brown-green; the navy's winter clothes are navy blue, and the bottom clothes are white and navy blue; the air force's jacket is brown-green, and the trousers are navy blue.Cloth and clothing colors are the same as before.Standard long-sleeved and short-sleeved shirts that can be worn with epaulettes and collar patches have also been added. On May 4, the Ministry of Education issued the "Regulations on the Enrollment of Ordinary Colleges and Universities in 1985" and "Opinions on the Trial Enrollment of Recommended Students in Ordinary Colleges and Universities in 1985."This year’s college admissions reforms include the following: 1. Further expand the right to enroll new students in colleges and universities; 2. A small number of schools will try to recruit individual middle schools to recommend excellent students without examination; 3. Relax the requirements for enrollment health standards; 4. Recommend a small number of technical secondary schools and secondary teachers with excellent Graduates apply for the examination; 5. For young applicants with more than 3 years of practical experience, the age limit is relaxed to 28 years old, regardless of marriage. Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, May 8 (Reporter Yang Zhaobo) According to relevant departments, many regions of the country have made outstanding achievements in popularizing primary education. In 1984, the enrollment rate of primary school-age children nationwide reached 95%, and nearly 400 counties (excluding cities and municipal districts) had popularized primary education. This year, the first "sex study fever" appeared in our country.Ruan Fangfu's "Sexual Knowledge Handbook" and Wu Jieping's "Sexual Medicine" were published. "Chen Shimei" and "third party involvement" became "extramarital affair", "sex" became "sex life" and "making love", and then the term "lover" also appeared.The term "pornographic and obscene videos" used officially is called "pornography".Writers at and above the division level in Beijing snapped up clean books, only 1,000 sets were printed, and 19,610 characters were deleted. There has never been a "sex study craze" in the world of books. Xinhua News Agency, May 12th Consumers in the capital can now buy a new type of refrigerator with a flat back and three doors and a capacity of 150 liters.This kind of refrigerator produced by Hangzhou Friendship Refrigerator General Factory has high cooling performance.It has been sought after by the masses since it was first sold. "Ordinary World" is a masterpiece of Lu Yao.It is a novel of contemporary themes that has caused great shock and reversal in the hearts of young people.Through complex contradictions and entanglements, the author portrays the images of ordinary people from all walks of life in society.Self-esteem, self-improvement and self-confidence in life; struggle and struggle, setbacks and pursuits, pain and joy in life; conflicts between daily life and social torrents, all intertwined and intertwined. Scenes of exciting love stories move people to tears. The tenacity and tenacity shown make people spiritually sublimated. lead to uproar In 1985, the novel written by Zhang Xianliang was the first contemporary literature in my country to break through the "sexual forbidden zone".He was the first person to eat crabs and wrote "sex" nakedly.With a sharp pen in his hand, Zhang Xianliang cut the veil of warmth covering it with one knife at a time, which made the crowd watching around feel uneasy and panic. Once the novel was published, it caused a sensation in our country. Published in the sixth issue of "People's Literature" in 1985 by Han Shaogong; in "Shanghai Literature" Acheng in 1984;Using a magical realism technique, it mixes together the historical changes of a primitive tribe between Xiangshan, Hubei and the rivers, offering sacrifices to injustice, superstition and anecdotes, and rural regulations and dialects. absurd.The author's narration uses a purely descriptive technique, which looks solid and beautiful.Diet and chess are two parallel lines that do not intersect to make the protagonist's image vivid and full, supporting and running through his life.The author pushes a small village far away from urban civilization and hustle and bustle to the world. It is only stating a fact and frankly revealing everything that is dreamed and mysterious in the village. Wang Anyi leads readers into this small village and walks along I entered five or six families who were born, raised, and will end up here, and got acquainted with these 10 or so good people. People's Daily, May 25th, at 3:40 pm on May 26th, TV viewers saw the "CCTV Cup Chinese Chess Grandmaster Invitational Tournament" on the first program of the Central Committee.This is the first time that CCTV broadcasts the live Chinese chess game to the whole country. Xinhua News Agency reported on May 26 that more than 5,000 agricultural workers in the state-owned farms of Guizhou Province have set up more than 3,400 employee family farms, and a situation of "the employees are rich and the farms are prosperous" has begun to appear. In 1983, the province's state-owned farms lost more than 130,000 yuan, and they turned losses into profits last year. "Walk the hole" was originally an old jargon in the theater circle, which refers to going out to perform without the master's back. Since 1980, with the opening and invigoration of the performance market, some popular songs, cross talks, sketches, and movie actors have not been approved by the unit. Going out to perform privately, charging high performance fees, and some people even tried to evade taxes and taxes, which aroused great repercussions in society, and the term "walking holes" began to become popular in society. In 1985, fresh seafood became popular all over the country.A sign of the economic rise of the South is that Cantonese restaurants have opened all over the country. The signs of every family are "fresh seafood shipped by air every day", so eating Cantonese cuisine has become fashionable, because it is high-grade, good service, and suitable for households with ten thousand yuan who get rich first. The psychology of showing wealth and showing off can also reflect people's pursuit of high-quality life.Vigorous seafood has driven the first wave of high-consumption diets in the past 20 years. With the subversion and erosion of Hong Kong and Taiwan songs, Qiao Yu, Gu Jianfen, Wang Liping and others consciously took on the responsibility of raising the flag for pop music in mainland my country. "Songs of Joy Flying from the Waves", "Our Life Is Full of Sunshine", "On the Field of Hope", "I Love You, the Snow in Saibei", "Young Friends Meet"...In such passionate songs created by them In the middle, people have gained warmth and are so moved that they can't let go. People's Daily, May 27th (Reporter Qin Yong) Farmers in Dangjia Village, Zhangqiu County, Shandong Province recently invested 93,000 yuan to order a 30-minute color science and education film from China Agricultural Film Studio - "Partial Weather Forecast" " (tentative name).This science and education film will introduce farmers how to make accurate weather forecasts for local areas under the guidance of large-scale weather forecasts.China Agricultural Film Studio has reached an agreement with them on favorable terms. People's Daily, May 29th News China Featured Articles Press held a reception in Beijing on the evening of May 28th to celebrate the 35th anniversary of its founding. Established in May 1950, the China Special Articles Agency is the only specialized agency in China that provides news special articles to newspapers and magazines around the world in more than a dozen languages ​​including English, Chinese, French, Spanish, Arabic, and Russian.At present, the agency has established a distribution network of more than 300 newspapers and periodicals in more than 120 countries and regions.There are more than 100 foreign newspapers and periodicals that often use the manuscripts and pictures of the agency. People's Daily, May 31st, a set of figures about children's education in my country: There are 8,537 primary schools in my country, enrolling 24,729,300 students; Including cities and urban districts), there are 1,338 counties with a child enrollment rate of 95%; the number of primary school teaching staff in the country is 6,029,800, including 5,369,600 full-time teachers; there are 166,500 kindergartens nationwide, with 12.95 million children in kindergartens people, 491,100 trainers. (Statistics in 1984) Health News, June 2, the number of only children in my country has reached 35 million.Among couples of childbearing age with children, the number of one-child families accounts for 21.2%, and the number of one-child families in urban areas is significantly higher than that in rural areas. The one-child rate of newborn babies in urban areas is 83%, compared with 62.3% in rural areas. Xinmin Evening News, June 7, according to the "Binyang News" report. After investigating in the countryside, the reporter found that the conditions for finding a partner for rural girls have changed a lot. First, they like to look for young people with economic acumen, and second, they like to look for eloquent people. Young people, the third is to pay more attention to talent than dowry. Girls no longer pursue "three rounds" and "thirty-six legs". Workers’ Daily, June 11th, in rural areas of our country, especially in the suburbs of cities, great changes have taken place in cosmetics: 1. High-grade medicinal skin care creams gradually replace ordinary creams and anti-skin care oils; 2. High-end shampoos such as shampoos and essences Products have gradually replaced soap and alkaline face; 3. Hair cream, wax and high-end bottled hair oil have gradually replaced ordinary bulk hair oil; 4. Toilet water and perfume have become skin care products used by rural youths all year round. Workers' Day, June 13th With the hot rise of jeans, a kind of female sandals matching jeans came into being.After being put on the market, denim women's sandals are very popular because of their good quality, elegant and elegant style, suitable for all ages, suitable for home and out, full of sense of the times, and matching with jeans. People's Daily, June 14th (Reporter Zhang Zhaoji) June 12th was the day when Xu Shubao, the first patient in China who had a heart valve replacement made in my country, lived a healthy life for 20 years after surgery.A few days ago, after a comprehensive examination by a doctor, Xu Shubao's heart functioned well. The artificial heart valve as big as a thumb had worked faithfully in her atrium for 7,300 days, beating about 800 million times safely, and it was still intact.Relevant data show that Xu Shubao has the longest survival time among the people in the world who have had their heart valves replaced. Xinhua News Agency, Lanzhou, June 18 (Reporter Qu Zhi) For the first time, my country conducted a scientific investigation on the northern slope of the Karakorum Mountains, one of the world's mountain and glacier centers, and revealed the mystery of the flooding of the Yarkant River.From April to early June this year, a 38-member expedition team jointly formed by the Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Xinjiang Water Conservancy Bureau overcame various difficulties and successfully completed the investigation of the Karakorum Mountains.The results of the investigation show that there are many huge glaciers near K2. People's Daily, June 19th (Reporter Dong Qianli) Halley's Comet, which comes once every 76 years, has slowly approached the earth where more than 4 billion people live.It is reported that the observation period is from the beginning of November this year to May next year.The spectacular spectacle of Halley's Comet can only be observed clearly with the help of astronomical telescopes.In order to allow more astronomy enthusiasts to enjoy their sights, the Instrument Factory of the Seismological Research Institute of the State Seismological Bureau has recently developed and produced the HOPE-85 Halley dual-purpose telescope for astronomy and tourism. Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, June 22 (Reporter Yin Hongzhu) A computer editing system that is expected to greatly shorten the book publishing cycle - "HPB microcomputer Chinese character book typesetting and advanced word processing system" passed the appraisal here today.由中国印刷科学技术研究所照排研究实验中心研制的“HPB”处理系统，可以使作者或出版单位自行在一台微型计算机上完成写书、编书和排版工作，最后通过软盘向印刷厂一次发排处理好的“信息书稿”。这种处理系统中配有一套“微型机自动排版软件”，可排出各种字体、字号的中、英文字，并具有自动处理分页、分行、分段、标点和注解等功能。这种新的系统比现有一般电脑文书处理系统具有更大的优越性，在版式、字体、字号上更具多样化。 人民日报6月22日讯（记者王永昌）自1982年开办集体所有制单位职工养老金保险以来，截至今年3月底，全国已有1。9万多个单位的80万名职工参加了保险，累积保险基金达6000多万元。集体所有制单位职工养老金保险，是由单位作为投保人。解决了退休人员增加，在职职工人数与退休人员间的比例不断缩小，单位负担愈来愈重的矛盾。 人民日报7月9日讯记者毕全忠从国家教育委员会获悉：今年参加全国普通高等学校招生统一考试的考生为176万多人，比去年增加11万人。考生最多是江苏省，达11.2万人。由于高校招生数比去年增加，据估计，今年考生录取率全国平均仍然为1/3左右。在各地党政领导的重视下，今年各地考试组织得很周密。治安、防暑、考生生活服务等工作准备充分。 新华社合肥7月9日电（记者孔祥迎通讯员李晓黎）最近记者从安徽省妇联获悉，全省已涌现出48万个以妇女为主角的专业户，这个数字约占全省专业户总数的1/4之一。这些心灵手巧的妇女在养殖、编织、服装加工、刺绣、饮食服务、商业、运销等十几个行业崭露头角。她们肯学习，爱钻研，成为广大妇女冲破传统观念的先锋。 新华社北京7月11日讯江西上饶地区最近发现一株巨型硅化木。它比意大利博物馆珍藏的世界稀世之宝————14米长的硅化木还长1倍，它的长度为28米，围径1米多，重约60吨。 新华社呼和浩特7月12日电（记者石圭平）我国第一台蒙古文照相排字印刷机，最近在呼和浩特蒙古文印刷厂正式投入使用。蒙古文照相排字印刷机是自治区蒙古文印刷厂和西北光学仪器厂等单位联合研制成的。这种印刷机比起铅字排版，缩减了繁杂笨重的工序，印刷速度快、质量高、还能减轻工人的劳动强度。 新华社合肥7月15日电（记者姚燕戈）6月中旬以来，合肥市工商行政管理局多次组织冒牌商品巡回展览，让假货在街头公开示众，在群众中引起强烈反响。 人民日报7月17日讯（记者王立忠宋岚芹）“婚前不检查，照样生儿育女”的传统想法，目前正在改变。哈尔滨市道里区人民医院婚姻保健科开设两年多来，为近两万名男女青年进行了健康检查、遗传咨询，并积极宣传婚姻卫生、计划生育等方面的知识。这一做法正在哈尔滨市各医院推广。现在，青年婚前去医院做体检，已逐渐成为顺理成章的事情。 新华社西安7月17日电陕西省近千所山区中、小学积极开展勤工俭学，对学生免收学费、书本费和文具费。为了让更多的孩子读上书，这些学校根据当地情况，办起了小工厂、小农场等。这些活动不仅增强了学生们的劳动观念，而且使学校收入增加。 人民日报上海7月18日电（记者肖关根）华东师范大学今天上午举行仪式，授予中文、数学、英语3个专业的282名夜大学毕业生以学士学位。这在我国文、理科夜大学历史上是第一次，表明我国成人教育质量已经达到了一个新的水平。这批毕业生来自社会各个方面，年龄最小的25岁，最大的40岁。他们边工作、边学习，把学到的知识应用于社会实践，得到了人事、组织部门的重视。5年内3个专业有37名学生被提升担任了局、区或基层单位的领导工作，53名学生调整了工作。中文专业学生的毕业论文有80%以上是优秀，中文、数学专业有4名毕业生已考取研究生。 新华社广州7月24日讯1985年广州客运段跨出了极有远虑的一步，告别了一张票、一盒饭、一杯水的列车服务单一模式。他们扩大经营项目，将商场酒店“搬”上车，旅途变成了大市场，餐车24小时供应不停，旅客喜欢什么就供应什么，能同时做出饭菜、点心等十几个品种。特别新鲜的是，每节车厢的列车员都有一辆卖商品的手推车，既为服务了乘客又获得经济效益。 人民日报7月28日讯（记者肖蔚楠）重庆市今年高考学生第一志愿填报高等师范院校的人数比去年大幅度增长。据统计，仅报考本科师范院校的考生就有1.013万多人，占全市考生总数的61.2％。据有关部门对去年报考本科院校的考生统计，第一志愿报师范的仅占9％。据23所重点中学初步统计，报考省内外6所本科师范院校的人数达1700多人。其中，中等成绩以上的有1100多人，占这些学校报考师范总人数的65％。 今年，我国相当数量的荧幕被惊险式影片所占领。如峨眉厂的《峨眉飞盗》、《深谷尸变》；长影电影厂的《峡江疑影》、《波斯猫行动》、《梅山奇案》、《哈尔滨大谋杀》；西影厂的《蜜月的阴谋》、《大刀王五》、《盗马贼》、《东陵大盗》；珠影厂的《瓜棚女杰》、《黑林鼓声》、《舞狮人传奇》、《丈夫的秘密》；上影厂的《黑匣子喋血记》；北影厂的《绝处逢生》、《血海深仇》等。这其中有很多的题材新颖、风格独特的影片。今年电影界可以堪称“惊险片年”。 人民日报7月28日讯位于藏北草原的当雄县畜牧兽医站去年对60头牦牛进行人工授精试验，其中44头牛怀了胎，成活的37头牛犊现在发育良好。 新华社济南7月28日电（记者李择红）最近在烟台市召开的全国中青年文学翻译经验交流会认为，我国的文学翻译工作已出现繁荣局面，这对于促进国际文化交流起着重要的作用。与会者谈到专门发表外国文学著作的刊物，几年来，已达20余种，这是我国历史上从未有的，也是翻译发达国家少见的现象。我国已有一支近30万人的翻译队伍。其中，中青年占3/4。文学翻译质量也在进一步提高中。 人民日报8月4日讯由全国120家出版社联合发起的“首都第一届社科书市”和“全国第三届科技书市”，将于8月13日起分别在北京劳动人民文化宫和天坛公园举行。届时，各出版社将向读者提供社会科学和自然科学方面的书籍共4。5万多种。出版社办书市，是改进图书发行工作的一种尝试。 北京晚报8月5日讯近日，从中国太阳能学会获悉，我故现有太阳灶4万台，是世界上使用太阳灶最多的国家。我国从50年代开始进行太阳灶、太阳能热水器和太阳能电池研究，目前已逐步走向推广应用的阶段。 新华社8月8日讯河南省项城县20多万农户，户户家中都有一口压水井，用上了干净水。近两年，县委、县政府先后筹款10多万元，研制出操作简便、价格低廉的压水井。 人民日报8月14日讯（记者冯望）一种适用于医疗、科研、体育的新型健身车，在上海自行车三厂无锡分厂诞生，投放市场受到许多人的欢迎。健身车是目前世界上较流行的室内炼身器械之一，广泛用于体育场所、文体活动室、健身房、医院、疗养院的健身锻炼、病员康复以及人体心肺功能测定。 人民日报8月20日讯一座世界上最高的北回归线标志塔在广东从化太平场油麻埔落成，它的主体工程是7月15日完工的。这座世界上最高的北回归线标志塔塔高23.5米，连塔台总高为27.55米。其底座为3层台阶，塔身为火箭形，基部篷下为钢筋混凝土，高7米，东、西、南、北各有拱门，可供游人进内参观。塔底正中铺大理石，以红色玛瑙嵌入中圆点，以示太阳直射位置。正面刻有“北回归线标志”金字，顶部是直径120厘米的铜球，球中间圆孔供太阳直射校验之用。整个标志塔浑然一体，富有天文、地理学意义。 人民日报8月20日讯由中国图书进出口公司主办的首届外国及香港地区音乐录音制品展销会，8月18日在北京展览馆开幕。展出了英、美、法、荷兰、匈牙利、新西兰、联邦德国、苏联、南斯拉夫以及香港地区近20家公司的唱片、盒式磁带和激光唱片5000余种，其中大部分是世界著名古典音乐作品。 人民日报8月24日讯国产卫星电视单收站已由航天部第504研究所研制成功，今天通过了鉴定。这种专门用来接收通信卫星传播的电视节目的接收站，不受地区、地形、气候等条件的影响，它同小功率电视发射机配套，具有县一级的电视覆盖面，适合在我国广大边远地区和山区推广。 人民日报8月27日讯一位因大胯骨股骨头软骨坏死造成瘫痪的成年患者，经济南军区总医院进行死胎儿软骨移植手术，又重新站立起来，能自如行走。这位患者叫梁照亮。他的双侧股骨头软骨组织坏死造成腿疾，长年卧床不起。今年3月，济南军区总医院将死胎儿软骨移植到他的两条大腿胯骨上，取代了坏死的软骨组织。到目前为止，这个医院已作了3例这样的手术，均获得成功。 工人日报8月30日讯8月23日讯，中国服装工业总公司召开中外记者招待会，展示了我国首次赴巴黎参加国际服装博览会的女时装，这是中国时装走向世界的一个开端。 新华社9月2日讯夏秋季节是广东捕获出口蟋蟀的最好时机。广东的蟋蟀深受港澳市场的欢迎，著名的“粤北正江蟋蟀”和粤北的“连滩蟋蟀”售价颇高，出口一只打斗能力强的蟋蟀，价值上百美元，可换回买一头猪的外汇。 深圳特区报9月6日讯（记者王旭玲）美容院一直以来都被人们认为是女人的天地，到美容中心护理皮肤，保持容貌青春，在深圳的女士中间，已不鲜见。最近，市人民医院开设的医学整形美容中心，却吸引了不少男士光顾。该医院的美容师跟记者说，爱美并不是女人的天性，随着物质生活与精神生活的普遍提高，男士光顾美容院也成了一件很自然的事。 新华社北京9月7日电“六五”期间，我国坚持全民所有制经济主导的前提下，鼓励扶持集体经济和个体经济的发展，作为公有制经济的必要和有益的补充，出现了多种经济全面增长的繁荣景象。据84年统计，农村已有99%以上的农户实行大包干责任制，城镇的集体所有制由1978年的2048万增长到3216万个，个体劳动者由15万人增加到了339万人。 人民日报9月10日讯对长江有兴趣的国内游客，如今可以持一张票在5000里的沿途行、吃、住、游，畅览两岸叠连不绝的奇山异水和名胜古迹。这种服务是上海、南京、芜湖、九江、武汉、宜昌、重庆等沿岸7个长江旅游公司提供的。 人民日报9月11日讯（记者孙凯）自行车播种器结构简单、价格合理、使用方便，一出现就受到用户的欢迎，最近被国家专利局受理了专利。这种新式小农具的发明者是河北省阜城县城关镇普通农民常向前。 新华社上海9月11日电一种新的第三代半合成抗生素新药——头孢哌酮，由上海第三制药厂和太原制药厂合作研制成功，今天在上海通过鉴定。这种新药抗菌谱广、疗效好、副作用小。经上海13家医院7个月临床试验，用于治疗败血症、脑膜炎及肝胆、呼吸道、腹腔、尿路等处感染患者总有效率超过85％。 人民日报9月17日讯国家统计局对农村住户进行抽样调查的结果表明，“六五”期间，农民家庭收入持续增长，生活水平不断提高，消费构成发生显著变化。“六五”前4年，农民个人建房25亿平方米。到去年末，平均每个农民拥有的房屋面积达13.6平方米，比1980年增加4.2平方米。1984年底，全国农民储蓄达438.1亿元，比1980年增长2.74倍。 新华社北京9月20日电据中国专利局统计，从今年4月1日我国专利法实施到9月12日止，中国专利局收到的专利申请已突破1万件。申请数达到1万件时的各种专利申请情况是：发明专利申请为6176件，实用新型专利申请为3400件，外观设计专利申请为424件；国内单位和个人专利申请为6689件，外国企业和个人来华专利申请为3311件。这一速度在世界专利史上是罕见的。 人民日报9月27日讯北京吉普汽车有限公司经过两年的建设，正式投产BJ1×J213四轮驱动吉普轿车是在我国生产的第一代吉普轿车。9月26日，该公司举行剪彩仪式，上百辆新颖美观的吉普轿车出厂。 工人日报10月12日讯现存于兰州大地湾原始先民的地画，被艺术史专家公认为是已发现中国最早的美术作品。大地湾原始社会遗址距今5000多年，该画发现于遗址的一所房子内，用黑炭绘成，约1平方米。 人民日报10月13日讯（记者孙洪康）上海市教育局编印了一本小学生法制教材。上海市的800多所小学近日已陆续收到这批教材，并安排了具体教程。 在哈尔滨，人们风趣地称贩运鸡蛋的农民为“倒蛋部队”。正是这支规模不小的“部队”，维持了全市300万人的吃蛋的需要。过去哈尔滨每年为全市民吃蛋，要花费数百万的财政补贴，而每个市民一年凭票才能买到5斤鸡蛋。从去年开始，政府决定鸡蛋全部放开经营，农民便“合法”的进入了鸡蛋流通领域，“倒蛋部队”的规模也越来越大，市民再也不用为想吃鸡蛋而犯愁了。 长江日报10月17日讯武汉市教育改革出现了一桩新鲜事，全市办起了家长学校近500所。家长教育学习有多种形式，如爷爷奶奶班、家庭教育研究班等。市政府还规定，今后凡有子女在幼儿园乃至初中上学的家长，必须进学校举办的家长学校学习。 人民日报10月21日讯（记者柯文）由国家体委、农牧渔业部、共青团中央联合举办的首届全国农民田径运动会，10月20日在济南郊区农民新建的王舍人庄文体中心拉开战幕，该文体中心是当地农民集资兴建的。参加这届全国农民田径运动会的有25个省、市、自治区的247名运动员。 人民日报10月22日报道改革开放以来，中国人的生活方式有了很大变化：一是从温饱型向小康型转化；二是从自给型向商品型转化；三是物质型向文化型转化；四是从标准型向多样型转化；五是从耐久型向更新型转化。 公共关系小姐，这一全新的行业，在实行对外开放的广州应运而生了。一批充满青春活力、学有专长、训练有素、仪态洒脱的公共关系小姐（简称公关小姐）开始惹人注目的出现在社会大舞台上。“公关”俨然是大宾馆的“外交部长”，她们要对国内外新闻单位提供资料，回答记者提问，接待中外来宾；每逢春节、端午节、圣诞节、情人节等中外重大节日，她们要安排一些别开生面的活动，以娱宾客。 获得本年度“优秀影片奖”的最佳故事片：《咱们的退伍兵》、《少年犯》、《索伦河谷的枪声》、《迷人的乐队》、《野山》、《相思女子客店》、《秋天里的春天》、、《黑炮事件》、《流浪汉与白天鹅》、《女人的力量》。其中是由曹禹同名戏剧改编。扮演翠喜的演员王馥荔获得金鸡奖和百花奖的最佳女配角奖。饰演陈白露的方舒获得1986年百花奖的最佳女主角。该片描述来到大城市生活的陈白露成为一个有名的交际花，她所接触的人都是形形色色醉生梦死的人，最后白露含情而死，这是一部非常成功的作品。由话剧到电影，改编者打破了舞台剧所受的时空控制，发挥了电影的特长，更广阔的展示了时代的风貌。 人民日报10月26日讯（记者董焕亮）我国动物园事业发展迅速。目前，全国已有171个动