Chapter 8 Chapter VII 1984

In 1984, our country ushered in the 35th anniversary of the founding of New my country with a new attitude of reform and opening up. From May 15th to 31st, the second meeting of the Sixth National People's Congress was held in Beijing. Premier Zhao Ziyang of the State Council made a "Government Work Report" at the meeting, and proposed that the economic work in the next period should focus on system reform and Opening up to the outside world is two major events to speed up the pace of economic reform.Previously, the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council held a symposium on some coastal cities in Beijing and suggested further opening up of 14 coastal port cities from north to south.The Third Plenary Session of the Twelfth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was held in Beijing on October 20, and the Plenary Session unanimously passed the "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Economic System Reform." The "Decision" proposed the establishment of a planned commodity economic system, and my country's economic system has since entered a comprehensive and systematic reform stage.

After more than five years of economic system reform in rural areas, farmers' enthusiasm for production has been greatly stimulated. Not only has agricultural production increased and harvested year after year, but a number of township enterprises have sprung up like mushrooms after rain.For this reason, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council jointly issued a notice in March stating that the former commune and brigade enterprises were renamed township enterprises.The main production and operation scopes of township enterprises include planting, breeding, coal, electric power and other industries. They are characterized by large quantity, small scale, low investment, quick results, and flexible and diverse operation methods.

Simultaneously with the reform and opening up, my country's scientific and technological development continues to deliver good news. On April 8, China successfully launched a synchronous test communication satellite with the "Long March 3" liquid rocket. On September 1, China's first micronuclear reactor was successfully developed at the Nuclear Energy Institute of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry and passed the appraisal of the Ministry of Technology, providing another important achievement for the promotion and application of nuclear technology. On October 8, China's first Antarctic expedition team was established in Beijing and began its first expedition to Antarctica.

On October 1, to celebrate the 35th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, more than 18,000 members of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Beijing Army, Navy, Air Force, Armed Police Force and Capital Militia held a grand National Day military parade at Tiananmen Square in Beijing. At the beginning of the year, the Premier of the State Council paid an official visit to the United States and Canada at the invitation of US President Reagan and Canadian Prime Minister Trudeau.President Li Xiannian paid state visits to Pakistan, Jordan, Turkey and Nepal.The frequent visits of state leaders have further enhanced the understanding, friendship and trust with the countries concerned.

On September 26, the Chinese government and the British government initially signed a statement on the Hong Kong issue in Beijing, affirming that China would take back Hong Kong on July 1, 1997, and resume exercise of sovereignty, and Britain would return Hong Kong to China. The declaration was formally signed on December 19. From the end of July to mid-August, at the 23rd Olympic Games in Los Angeles, Chinese athletes won a total of 15 gold medals, realizing China's "zero breakthrough" in the Olympic Games. People's Daily reported on January 1, "Health Daily" that 57 cases of liver transplants have been performed in my country alone, ranking fourth after the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Federal Republic of Germany.The rapid development of organ transplantation in my country is mainly reflected in three aspects: 1. The rapid development of clinical transplantation.2. Small organ transplantation is booming.3. Experimental organ transplantation is getting deeper and deeper.Organ transplantation research has entered a new stage of close integration and mutual promotion of clinical and basic theories from simply accumulating clinical experience.This shows that my country's organ transplant surgery has reached the world's leading level.

Beijing Evening News, January 1st (Reporter Cheng Xiaomin and Fan Fang) The Beijing Audio-Visual Unit Equipment Factory cooperated with relevant publishing units to record a large number of music tapes mainly featuring ethnic music and classical music.Recently, 27 such tapes have been released successively. In the previous stage, popular songs were more popular in society, and some unhealthy content was mixed in them.In response to this situation, the audiovisual equipment factory published these tapes mainly featuring ethnic and classical music. These tapes were not only popular in China, but also very popular with compatriots in Hong Kong, Macao and overseas Chinese. After buying a large tape, an overseas Chinese said excitedly: "This is a local accent, and when you hear it, you will think of your nostalgic motherland." These music not only have the value of appreciation, but also have a certain value of preservation.

Worker's Daily, January 3, 80% of households in my country's big cities have TV sets, and the popularization of TV sets in small towns and vast rural areas is also accelerating.In Hebei Province alone, more than 360 TV villages have emerged. In Shandong, Heilongjiang and other places, farmers after the harvest are also scrambling to buy "colored" TV sets, and some color TV villages have been built for the first time. Xinhua News Agency, January 6th, jointly developed by Beijing University of Technology and Fulaerji Electronic Instrument Factory, my country's first medium-speed wide-line laser printer, has recently been successfully developed in Qiqihar City, my country. After passing the appraisal, it will soon be put into mass production.This new type of laser printer widely adopts advanced technologies such as laser modulation technology, scanning, electrostatic transfer printing and microprocessor control at home and abroad, and can meet the needs of domestic small and medium-sized computer output devices.

Beijing Evening News, January 6th In order to clearly announce the station, facilitate passengers and reduce the labor intensity of conductors, some buses in Beijing have installed automatic sound players for the first time.Before arriving at the station, as long as the conductor presses the button, the player can release the pre-recorded service words, and it will stop automatically after speaking. The player can also be used as an ordinary loudspeaker. After the player is used, passengers Generally good feedback. Xinhua News Agency, Tianjin, January 11th. A new type of 120 panoramic camera that can capture all the surrounding 360-degree interior scenery on a 500mm long photo has been successfully developed in Tianjin Photographic Equipment Factory recently. first.

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, January 13 (Reporter Chen Naijin) The reporter learned from the Bank of my country that by the end of 1983, the balance of deposits of urban and rural residents across the country had reached more than 89.2 billion yuan, and the per capita savings was 88.5 yuan.The savings balance and per capita savings of urban and rural residents across the country hit record highs. Xinhua News Agency, Jan. 13 (Xinhua) -- Self-study students who have obtained a junior college diploma in the self-study exam for higher education in Beijing will receive the same treatment as junior college graduates in terms of work arrangements and wages.This was decided by the Beijing Higher Education Self-study Examination Committee on January 7.The first batch of more than 100 self-students in Beijing this year will soon receive a college diploma recognized by the state.

People's Daily, January 16th, my country's first non-steady-state hemispherical total emissivity measuring device processed by computer was recently successfully developed by Beijing Institute of Solar Energy Research and passed the technical appraisal.Due to the application of advanced electronic computer technology and some newer designs, the performance of this device is excellent in all aspects. People's Daily, January 19th, the unique form of radio literature and art propaganda - radio drama, has made great progress in recent years. In 1983 alone, more than 500 dramas were produced nationwide.

Xinhua News Agency, January 22. A fragment of a wooden slip music score more than 1,800 years ago, which is treasured in the Dunhuang Institute of Cultural Relics, is considered to be the oldest music score found in my country so far.Niu Longfei, a teacher at the Dunhuang Studies Research Office of the History Department of Lanzhou University, conducted a textual research on this fragment of Eastern Han wooden slip music score last year, and believed that it is a national treasure. "Qin Score" belongs to the same category of music scores, but it is more than 500 years earlier than these two scores. People's Daily, January 23 (Reporter Fu Lianggui) The electronic translator is another popular electronic product that has appeared in recent years. It is actually a microcomputer.There are letters and symbols on the keyboard. When using it, just press the letter key, input the letters of English words into the machine in turn, and then press the translation key of the desired language, and the screen on the machine will display the translated word or sentence. . Beijing Evening News, January 24th, my country's first generation of automatic answering recorder telephones came out in Beijing and have been put into mass production.The phone has the functions of unattended automatic answering, automatic recording, incoming call monitoring, midway recording, etc. When the user is away, it can automatically record and automatically hang up when the other party calls. Xinhua News Agency, January 28 In some rural towns in Zhejiang, high-end tonics such as ginseng and white fungus have become "new year goods" purchased by farmers for the Spring Festival.Before the Spring Festival, most of the people who went to the drugstore to buy tonics were rural women.Some of them buy tonics to honor their parents-in-law, some to let their husbands replenish their health, and some to visit relatives and friends as gifts on the second and third day of the Lunar New Year. People's Daily, January 30th, Northwest Telecommunication Engineering Institute recently successfully developed a new type of cordless telephone.This new type of telephone utilizes wired telephones through radio transfer, enabling users to listen to and dial calls anytime and anywhere within a radius of 200 meters, which is very suitable for mobile workers in a small area. Xinhua News Agency, January 30th (Reporter Wu Jincai) Due to the progress and development of microwave technology, various information transmission technologies in our country have been greatly accelerated compared with the past.Viewers who are thousands of miles away from Beijing can see the People’s Daily earlier, CCTV’s programs can be broadcast to 26 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, and dozens of major cities across the country can use microwave technology to enable thousands of people to make long-distance calls at the same time. Speaking of waiting, people said with emotion that it has only been a few decades, and technologies that were unimaginable in the past have now been realized. Xinhua News Agency, February 4th: Some non-rice-producing areas in Jilin Province cannot grow rice due to insufficient water sources. It is difficult for farmers to eat rice.The Lishu County Institute of Agricultural Sciences began to carry out dry-planting experiments on rice in 1979. They took advantage of the characteristics of both water and land in rice, selected early-maturing, disease-resistant, and drought-tolerant varieties, adopted dry direct seeding, drought management, and water supply during critical periods. The planting was carried out, and it was successful, and the farmers finally got to eat the rice they produced. Xinhua News Agency, February 5th: Cameras, which used to be called high-end consumer goods, have now become hot sellers in the domestic market with the improvement of urban and rural people's living standards.In the past five years, although the output of domestic cameras has increased by 40% per year, the 940,000 cameras produced nationwide in 1983 are still in short supply.To adapt to the growth and changes of the needs of the masses, my country's camera industry has developed rapidly, and the variety of products has also diversified. Xinhua News Agency, February 6th, Shanghai currently has 38 municipal and district-level hospitals and staff hospitals that have opened laser clinics, accounting for about 1/3 of the total number of such hospitals.Now, lasers have entered clinical use in ophthalmology, dermatology, ENT, internal medicine, general surgery, acupuncture, brain surgery, neurology, hemorrhoids and oncology in some hospitals. People's Daily, February 9th In order to meet the needs of modernization, 32 middle schools in my country have opened computer elective courses.The person in charge of the Ministry of Education pointed out that with the rapid development of my country's computer industry, computer teaching experiments in middle schools will continue to advance. Xinhua News Agency, February 15th: More than 3,000 households in Chongqing have recently begun to use gas for cooking, so that the waste gas that endangers the lives of miners has become a valuable energy source that benefits the people.At present, there are five gas utilization projects under active construction in Chongqing. It is estimated that the gas pumped at the end of the "Seventh Five-Year Plan" will be used by more than 50,000 households and some factories. Beijing Evening News, February 15th (Reporter Chang Linhong) "Comrades who have graduated from college can take self-study exams to obtain a second degree."This is what a deputy minister of the Ministry of Education said at the February 14th Beijing Self-study Examination Graduation Certificate Presentation Conference.This approach can encourage college graduates to continue their studies and then take self-study exams. It also solves the problem that college students face when they graduate and update their knowledge. Supplementing and improving their knowledge structure has become more and more important. People's Daily, February 20 (Reporter Shi Delian) On the eve of the Spring Festival, the Tianjin Municipal Government allocated 68,000 square meters of housing for primary and secondary teachers, and 10% of the households with housing difficulties for primary and secondary teachers will be able to improve.Since 1979, the Tianjin Municipal Government has successively provided more than 200,000 square meters of housing for primary and secondary school teachers through allocation of new housing, special funds, or self-raised funds, and nearly 10,000 teachers have moved into new housing. Worker's Daily, February 22. Farmers in Liuzhuang Village, Qiliying Township, Xinxiang County, Henan Province spent 19,500 yuan to order a "Bee Bee 3" ultralight aircraft from Beijing Aeronautical Academy.This is the first aircraft purchased by farmers in our country. Beijing Evening News, February 22 According to investigations, in recent years, there have been "six fevers" in the spare time life of young people in Beijing and other cities, namely "study fever", "sports fever", "tourism fever", "photography fever", " Stamp Philately Craze", "Martial Arts Craze".With the improvement of people's material life and cultural level, the majority of young people have higher and higher requirements for amateur culture, and their interests are becoming more and more extensive. This year's Spring Festival Gala invited artists from Hong Kong and Taiwan to return to the mainland to perform for the first time.The skit "Eating Noodles" performed by Chen Peisi and Zhu Shimao made the audience laugh.Zhang Mingmin, a singer from Hong Kong, sang "My Chinese Heart" all over the country.In addition, the song "Unforgettable Tonight" even sang people to tears. People's Daily, February 22 (Reporter Chen Dong and Wang Yuzhu) Suzhou Silk Weaving Sample Factory developed a woven polyester plush artificial blood vessel with the close cooperation of Shanghai Chest Hospital.Through clinical application, the effect is good.This is the first clinical application of plush artificial blood vessels in my country. Xinhua News Agency, February 28 Some time ago, the opening of my country's first Western-style fast food restaurant - "Yi Li Fast Food Restaurant" led to the food revolution in some cities in our country.In addition to hamburgers, the shop sells hot dogs, fries, fried chicken, ice cream rolls, pancakes and side meals, and is a hit with customers. Beijing Evening News, February 29 According to observations, young people in Beijing do not like old-fashioned clothing, and are tired of clothing that deviates from national traditions and appreciation habits. Dark blue clothing has become unsalable, and jeans, which are all the rage, are also out of date. Market forecast The staff believes that the life cycle of popular clothing in Beijing has been significantly shortened to one or two years, or even one season. People have begun to consider the practicality, science, beauty, fashion and many other factors of clothing. The standard of living is improving day by day. Beijing Evening News, February 30th, the TV Art Creation Office of the China TV Drama Production Center, rushed to complete the production of my country's first TV animation short film "Panda Little Fatty" before the Spring Festival. Xinhua News Agency, March 12th In recent years, the publishing and distribution of newspapers and periodicals in my country has continued to prosper.The number of newspapers and periodicals issued through the post office has reached about 3,000 by the beginning of this year.Judging from the distribution of newspapers and periodicals at the beginning of this year, comprehensive newspapers and periodicals related to current affairs and politics are still popular.The circulation of various economic newspapers and periodicals has also generally increased, reflecting people's general concern for economic work and economic construction. "Xinhua Daily" reported on March 18th that Nanjing Machine Tool Works cooperated with Traub AG of the Federal Republic of Germany to manufacture a TND microcomputer-controlled universal lathe with contemporary international advanced level.This marks that the production technology level of the factory has leaped over 20 years. People's Daily, March 19th (Reporter Li Kefu) It is learned from relevant parties that the country's township industries continue to develop steadily, and the current total output value has exceeded 80 billion yuan.A series of policies of the Party Central Committee on developing the rural economy have greatly mobilized the enthusiasm of the majority of farmers.Rural areas in various places adapt measures to local conditions, make full use of local natural resources and labor resources, and focus on the development of food and feed industries, construction, building materials industries and small energy industries.Many rural areas close to large and medium-sized cities, such as Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, etc., make full use of the conditions of being close to the city and convenient transportation, and form a complete set of products with large urban factories, becoming a powerful assistant for urban industries.All localities also regard strengthening intellectual investment as a strategic task to develop township industries, adopt various forms of training for various business technicians, and further improve the level of enterprise management and production technology. People's Daily, March 19th, my country's first allogeneic testicular transplantation was successfully performed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Medical College.The patient has recovered male function, and the testosterone index has reached the standard of a healthy person. People's Daily, March 25th, the tourist ship "Emei" fully loaded with passengers recently arrived in Hankou successfully on its maiden voyage.This is currently the largest and well-equipped tourist ship on the Chuanjiang River. Beijing Evening News, April 6th: Buses, trams and cars are cheap, but they are crowded and wait for a long time, so you can’t get on and off nearby; taxis are comfortable and you can get on and off nearby, but the cost is high.After analyzing the passenger transport market, on April 1, the "Beijing Taxi Company" opened up a "small bus" operating route using medium-sized vans. "Small public vehicles" are on the road, because of their large station intervals, fast speed, uncrowded, and flexible parking according to passengers' requirements, they are quickly favored by passengers. Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, April 8. In some large and medium-sized cities in my country, a new market form - the wholesale market of agricultural and sideline products has emerged.At present, this kind of market has grown to more than 200, and it has initially shown its vigorous vitality in promoting the exchange of agricultural and sideline products.After the establishment of this kind of market, professional households, key households or long-distance traffickers can sell commodities in bulk here, or purchase commodities and sell them in batches in another place.State-owned and collective stores, individual merchants, canteens and restaurants of government agencies and groups in the city can also send people to the wholesale market to purchase goods. People's Daily, April 9th, my country's first "China Luxury Express Train Travel" train, departed from Beijing Railway Station on the evening of April 8th.This 7-day train journey will run at night and stop during the day. Tourists will visit the Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang, the ancient capital Xi'an, and the Leshan Giant Buddha, and then arrive at the famous southwest city of Kunming along the Chengdu-Kunming Railway. Worker's Daily, April 11, Chengguan Town, Huangyan County, Zhejiang Province recently approved 48 farmers to enter the city to engage in processing and retailing and other service industries, and opened sales offices to communicate channels between urban and rural areas, expand urban and rural transportation, and activate the market economy.Urban residents warmly welcome farmers to open shops in the city, and the town has also expanded farmers' markets to encourage farmers to trade. Beijing Evening News, April 12th: On April 9th, the State Ethnic Affairs Commission formally approved the renaming of the Nationalities Culture Palace Library as the Nationalities Library.This is the first nationwide specialized library for ethnic minorities in my country, and it will become an important place to study the culture and history of ethnic minorities in our country.It provides better conditions for domestic and foreign exchanges, and it is also an important measure to strengthen the development of national libraries. Published in the middle of a huge controversy Wen Wei Po April 12th (Reporter Wu Liang) After Zhang Xianliang's article (published in the second issue of "October" this year) was published, it was involved in quite a huge and long-term debate.Because the core of this novel touches on intellectuals' spiritual beliefs, especially the conflict of values ​​reflected in Zhang Yonglin's ideological transformation process, some debates inevitably have a certain political nature; The problem of instinct is connected with historical suffering, trying to explain the causal inference that mental suffering leads to physical atrophy of intellectuals from a sexual perspective.In this way, he was involved in the double debate of politics and ethics. Xinhua News Agency, April 19th Ma Shengli signed the "Contracting Responsibility Certificate" and recommended himself to be the first contractor of a state-owned enterprise in China, thus leaving behind the reputation of "Ma Contracting".He revived a paper mill in Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, which was on the verge of bankruptcy.Immediately under the influence of Ma Shengli, a "contracting whirlwind" rolled up across the country. In old Shanghai, boss was a kind of respectful title for businessmen. When they met in social situations, they bowed their hands: "A certain boss, get rich and get rich." environment of.After the reform and opening up, private business owners and self-employed teams became a new class in society, so the title "boss" reappeared and became popular in people's daily life. In order to reduce social shocks, starting this year, my country has implemented a unique dual-track price system: for the production of the same product, the planned price is the national unified parity, and the unplanned price is negotiated, that is, the market price.There is a huge disparity between the two prices. Xinhua News Agency, April 22: 11 farmers in Xingtai County, Hebei Province have recently jointly set up an industrial company in the scenic Goutou Spring District at the foot of Taihang Mountain to operate tourism, breeding and other industries. This year, many excellent films have been screened in China, such as "Greath under the Mountain", "Girl in Red", "Yellow Earth", "Yamaha Fish Stall", "Girl from Mount Huangshan", "Tan Sitong", "Echo of Qilian Mountain", "No. 5 Huayuan Street", "A Passionate Love", "Why I Was Born", etc., all won the Ministry of Culture's annual excellent film award, among which "Girl in Red" won the fifth "Golden Rooster Award" Best Feature Film Award, and the eighth "Golden Rooster Award" won the Best Feature Film Award. Popular Movies Hundred Flowers Award for Best Feature Film. "Girl in Red" won the Best Feature Film Award at the 5th "Golden Rooster Awards" of Chinese Film, and the "Hundred Flowers Award" Feature Film Award at the 8th "Popular Cinema".During the broadcast, the main character Ran's attire set off a trend of wearing red skirts all over the country.Won the Hundred Flowers Award for Best Feature Film.The pioneering significance of the film lies in that when it reflects various complex and contradictory lives in contemporary Chinese society, it examines life with a distinct contemporary consciousness and an open film concept, breaking through the traditional story structure of films, thus bringing human feelings, rural customs, and poetry to life. Philosophy and other factors can appear on the screen calmly. Xinhua News Agency, April 24th Wang Yongmin, the engineer who developed the "Wubi Chinese Character Coding Scheme" with advanced level at home and abroad, has been promoted to two levels of salary after approval.Wang Yongmin, 40 years old this year, led the whole team and after three years of hard work, successfully developed the "Wubi Chinese Character Coding Scheme", which passed the appraisal in August last year.This simple and easy scheme draws on the strengths of others in hundreds of kinds of Chinese character encoding schemes both at home and abroad, intentionally innovates, and is very unique.It can input about 100 Chinese characters per minute, which is faster than English input.In October last year, at the International Symposium on Chinese Information Processing held in Beijing, it was well received by experts at home and abroad. Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, April 24. In order to do a good job in the allocation of graduates from colleges and universities, the Ministry of Education recently decided to expand the trial implementation of the "supply and demand meeting" method this year, allowing schools to participate more in the allocation work.The specific content of this method is: the deployment department sends the graduate deployment plan (draft) to the school and the employing department in advance, so that the school can directly contact the unit that accepts the graduates, introduce the graduates' professional content and application direction, and understand the arrangements for use. According to the intention of the graduates, carefully consider the distribution list according to the requirements of the employer and the specific situation of the students, and at the same time put forward adjustment opinions for the graduates who are improperly allocated or allocated in the allocation plan or the allocation plan, and the employer arranges and uses unreasonably. So that the assignment of each graduate can achieve professional counterparts and make the best use of their talents.This reform measure was put forward after summarizing the pilot experience last year.This year, the Ministry of Education issued a graduate deployment plan (draft) directly assigned by the state half a year earlier, giving schools more than two months to "meet" with employers. Workers' Daily, May 1st, the self-selected supermarket built by the farmers of Beijing Sijiqing Commune, officially opened today in 1984. It is located in the Zhongguancun area where scientific and technological personnel are concentrated, with an area of ​​600 square meters.The supply of goods in the supermarket is sufficient, and the vegetables are fresh, which are very popular among the masses. On April 10, Beijing Aviation Food Co., Ltd., a Sino-foreign joint venture, was approved to be established. On May 1, the company was listed in Beijing.This is the first Sino-foreign joint venture in the country after the reform and opening up, and has obtained the "001" Sino-foreign joint venture issued by the State Foreign Investment Commission. Xinhua News Agency, May 6th, my country will gradually implement the identity card system.All Chinese citizens living in the territory of the People's Republic of China, except those under the age of 16 and active soldiers, armed police, prisoners serving sentences and persons reeducated through labor, should apply for a resident identity card. The State Council announced on April 6 this year The "Regulations of the People's Republic of China on the Trial Implementation of Resident Identity Cards" issued stipulates this system.The State Council pointed out that the implementation of this system is a major reform of my country's current household registration system, and an important measure to protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens and maintain social stability. "Young friends, come to meet today. Ditch the boat, and the warm wind blows gently. The flowers are fragrant, the birds are singing, the spring is intoxicating, and the songs and laughter are flying around the colorful clouds. Ah, dear friends, wonderful Who does the springtime belong to? It belongs to you, it belongs to me, and it belongs to our new generation in the 1980s!" In the 1980s, this song was familiar to everyone. Hearing this cheerful melody made the busy people feel happy and was very popular among the masses. Xinhua News Agency, May 9th: At present, in addition to the "China Peasant Daily", there are 176 peasant newspapers established in various provinces, municipalities, autonomous regions and some areas.Farmers' newspapers in various places use various forms to publicize the Party's rural policies, cultural, scientific and technological knowledge, and commodity production information, and other issues that farmers care about. Farmers from all over the country subscribe to the farmers' newspapers very enthusiastically. Beijing Evening News, May 11th, the advanced construction company in Handan City, which was once famous for its reform, distribution and distribution, and high-quality and fast construction, made a new breakthrough in wage reform. In April, it began to implement internal floating Salary, job allowance, post allowance system.It opens up a new way to mobilize construction workers to make more contributions.In March this year, the central leaders fully affirmed the company's achievements in persisting in reform over the past few years. Beijing Evening News, May 12th (Reporter Su Wenxiang) Music plays an important role in the cultural life of college students in my country after literary works. Taking Beijing as an example, a recent survey of Peking University, Tsinghua University and other representative universities in the capital 8 The above conclusions have been drawn. Each student dormitory has at least two or more tape recorders. In addition to being used for learning, the main purpose is to enjoy music.The concerts and music lectures held by the school are welcomed by college students, and the radio broadcasts music programs on weekends and Sundays, and college students are also the most loyal listeners. Shanxi Daily, May 17th, Shanxi Province's first university for the elderly was established in Yuncheng City. 112 retired and retired cadres enrolled in the school. The average age of the students was 65 years old, and the oldest was 84 years old.The school has hired 23 active and retired veteran cadres as teachers. People's Daily, May 17th: On the evening of May 15th, PLA General Hospital organized 90 neurosurgery and otolaryngology experts from all over the country to participate in the first medical international teleconference in Beijing Telegraph Building.The teleconference was held by AT&T through the international communication satellite, and Professor Shami, a neurosurgery expert from West Germany, gave a special report on "Treatment of Acoustic Neuroma".This is the first time that my country has participated in an international teleconference. People's Daily, June 3rd, my country's first light aircraft airport built and used by farmers themselves - Mulin Airport was built in Mulin Township, Shunyi County, Beijing not long ago.In November last year, Mulin Township ordered a "Bee-3" agricultural aircraft.Construction of the airport began in early March this year. On the afternoon of May 18, a "Bee-3" aircraft of Beijing Aeronautical Academy landed safely at the airport. People's Daily, June 7th (correspondent He Zongmin, reporter Huang Wenfu) On May 20th, the multi-functional computerized automatic processing system for bank savings business was officially put into use in the third-section savings office of Renmin South Road in Chengdu.This is one of the latest achievements in the application of computers in banking business, and it will gradually replace the account pages and account cards used in the savings business in my country since 1912. Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, June 9th The electronic computer processing of my country's third population census data has basically been completed, 5 months ahead of the time stipulated by the relevant departments of the State Council.The State Council Census Leading Group and the State Science and Technology Commission recently sent congratulatory letters to all staff involved in the data processing of the third national census.In less than two years after the census registration on July 1, 1982, the arduous task of processing 40 billion characters with a population of 1 billion was basically completed. The first major achievement of large-scale data processing by computers.It is the first time in our country to process census data with electronic computers.The amount of data in this census is unprecedented not only in our country, but also in the world. People's Daily, June 19 (Reporter Zhang Meizhen) The Department of Thoracic Surgery of Beijing Military Region General Hospital has created a new surgical method - pleuroplasty.The pleuroplasty created by the Beijing Military General Hospital is a new method of plastic surgery using the parietal pleura as a barrier.Practice has proved that this new method of surgery can keep the thorax intact without deformation, and the organs do not shift, which can protect the lung function to the greatest extent and bring good news to patients undergoing lung surgery. Workers' Daily, June 19th (Reporter Wang Tianhua) Kunming City Federation of Trade Unions held a dance party for older unmarried youths on the evening of June 16th.After the All-China Federation of Trade Unions issued a notice on the marriage of unmarried young workers over the age of 30, the Kunming City Federation of Trade Unions decided to hold dances and other activities on a regular basis to create conditions for social activities for unmarried young workers.The municipal trade union also proposed to further run the marriage agency. So far, it has helped 200 couples of young people to build beautiful families. Workers' Daily, June 21 (Reporter Chen Zongshun) A 50-member tour group of peasants from Hebei Province at their own expense will depart from Beijing for Japan on the 29th of this month.It is the first time for farmers to travel at their own expense in our country, which also reflects the profound changes that have taken place in rural China since the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Party Congress.Farmers who have become rich through labor are eager to broaden their horizons, visit exotic scenery, and enrich their spiritual life. Xinhua News Agency, June 22, Shanghai Samsung Daily Chemicals Factory successfully developed smokeless mosquito coils.It has been determined that the smokeless mosquito-repellent incense made of charcoal powder instead of sawdust powder not only has a better mosquito repelling effect than ordinary smoked mosquito-repellent incense, but also does not contain organic chlorine components that are harmful to human health. People's Daily reported on June 26 that according to "Liberation Daily", Shanghai University has boldly broken the stereotype that college students get "iron rice bowls" as soon as they enter the university through reforming teaching management. Such a teaching reform has greatly mobilized their enthusiasm for learning, and a good style of study has emerged in the whole school. Beijing Evening News, June 30th, in the 1970s, electric fans began to enter the homes of ordinary people.This year, electric fans have been rapidly popularized in our country, and "fan fever" has appeared in some big cities. A customer in a shopping mall in Beijing said: "This year's "electric fan fever" is hotter than the weather. And now the appearance is novel, beautiful and luxurious. Electric fans are more popular with customers." Beijing Evening News, June 30th, Hangzhou News, Hangzhou City, held during the Cultural Revolution, the confiscated cultural relics, calligraphy and paintings will start on June 27th.In the large-scale Zhejiang Exhibition Hall, many confiscated households were invited to come in one after another to claim them, and some of them came from far away.At the meeting, everyone reacted strongly, thinking that holding such a recognition meeting in Hangzhou was a practical action to completely negate the "Cultural Revolution". Xinhua News Agency, July 2nd, the first car rental company founded by peasants in the suburbs of Beijing——Daxing Car Rental Co., Ltd. officially opened its business in Huangcun Satellite City, Beijing on July 1st.This company was established by raising funds from Nangezhuang Township, Daxing County. Beijing Evening News, July 6th, recently, a new type of drink - fresh orange juice was launched in the capital market.This beverage is jointly produced by Beijing Jinxing Beverage Factory and Hubei Orange Juice Factory. Compared with similar products, it has a unique color, fragrance and rich nutrition, and is greatly welcomed by consumers in the capital city. At this year's Spring Festival Gala, the unassuming Zhang Mingmin sang "My Chinese Heart" in a Chinese tunic suit and glasses. "Although I wear western clothes, my heart is still Chinese..." Under the specific background that the Chinese and British governments have just signed a joint statement on the settlement of Hong Kong, "My Chinese Heart" holds the hearts of all Chinese people tightly. They are tightly connected together, becoming a song that everyone can sing except the national anthem.This song not only changed people's concept of comparing Hong Kong and Taiwan songs to "sexy music", but also the singer Zhang Mingmin became famous overnight in the mainland. His Chinese tunic suit and white scarf combination also fascinated countless young people. People's Daily, July 10th, the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Education disclosed that more than 1.643 million young people across the country have participated in the unified examination for college admissions this year.Since the number of examinees this year has decreased compared to last year, but the planned enrollment has increased by more than 40,000 compared to last year (this year's planned enrollment is 430,000), the admission rate of the national college entrance examination this year will be greatly improved compared with previous years.According to preliminary estimates, this year's college entrance examination admission rate is about a quarter, the highest since the resumption of the college entrance examination system in 1977. People's Daily, July 12th (Reporter Jiang Maosheng) In cooperation with Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Xi'an Polytechnic Institute, the "Huangdi Neijing?All the text and research programs of "Plain Questions" were entered into the computer, and the computer was used to search scriptures, search for various data, and compile the "Tongjian" of the whole book.Now with an electronic computer, all the chapters and sentences in the book that contain this entry can be displayed on the screen in a few minutes. Worker's Daily, July 12th In the past three years, residential quarters composed of brand-new buildings, streets and green spaces have emerged rapidly in our country.According to relevant statistics, about 200 such residential communities have been built, with a construction area of ​​more than 20 million square meters. This will be another major reform trend of my country's housing and living environment. People's Daily, July 15th, the new vehicles that have been put into production in my country include the five-ton Jiefang brand CA15 basic and economical trucks, the Dongfeng brand EQ140 truck, the eight-ton Yellow River brand JN151 diesel truck, and domestically assembled vehicles.载重10吨、12吨、19吨的罗曼柴油车。近两年将发展解放牌CA15K型柴油车和载重10吨的黄河JN162型柴油车。这表明我国的汽车制造业正在逐步的更新换代。 新华社7月17日讯行驶在青岛至北京的239／240次直达快车，从7月初起设立了休息娱乐厅，每晚10点至翌晨5点开放，备有书籍、画报、棋类、扑克以及冷饮等。 人民日报7月19日讯（记者泽富）不久前在美国洛杉矶举行的奥运会射击预赛中，中国队的年轻射手许海峰面对来自世界56个国家的神射手，力挫群雄，以568环的好成绩夺得手枪60发慢射比赛的冠军，成为我国第一个奥运会金牌的获得者。 《大众日报》7月20日讯有“小戏之乡”之称的山东临朐县，一年来，农村文化事业蓬勃发展，目前，全县已涌现出文化专业户1000多个。这些文化专业户形式多样，有家庭画展，家庭书画学习班，家庭放映队。有的全家搞创作，有的全家演小戏，有的办图书阅览室、文化室等。 工人日报7月24日讯我国邮电事业发展迅速，以空中微波，地下电缆等有形无形电路，和以铁路航空等组成的邮政网络已连接祖国各方沟通世界各地。目前26个城市打长途电话如同在市内一样可以直接拨号。全国城乡除了西藏、新疆外，都可以通过微波线路直接接收党中央电视台的节目，并可借助国际通信卫星看到大洋彼岸的世界体育比赛节目。 新华社7月26日讯25日上午，中国第一家股份制企业天桥百货股份有限公司在北京成立。 人民日报7月29日讯北京铁路分局北京列车段继21／22次京沪列车由包乘改为轮乘后，京丹27／28次列车从7月份也试行轮乘制。这项改革，使列车在不增加设备、人员的情况下，多售了卧铺票，增加了运输收入。 新华社7月31日讯有人招手示意，司机就立即停车，满面笑容地上前接客。这是哈尔滨市出租汽车公司实行单车承包后出现的新气象。6月上旬，这家公司在3个车队以一个大修里程为承包期限，把收入、利润、出车率、安全等指标包给每台汽车，实行单车核算。司机的收入在扣除税金、物耗和上缴指定数量的管理费后的剩余部分，按比例提成，超支自付。 人民日报8月5日讯杭州自行车工业公司与杭州大河造船厂联合研制的海狮牌电动自行车，3日在杭州通过新产品技术鉴定，不久将在市场上与消费者见面。这种单人乘骑的自行车用蓄电池作动力能源，以电动机驱动为主，也可脚踏骑行。车速一般为每小时15至18公里，最高可达25公里。 人民日报8月5日据《中国新闻社》报道石家庄市郊区农民投资建造商品住宅楼，向城市职工和单位出售。首批78栋19万多平方米，将于1985年春节前后交付使用。河北省会石家庄市近年人口增加到100多万，城市居民住房紧缺。市政府看到郊区农民资金雄厚，有建造商品住宅楼的条件，便提倡和支持农民在发展商品生产中兴办房地产行业，缓解城市居民住房紧张的状况。 文论报8月10日讯（记者陈达专）小说《北方的河》的诞生标志着我国当代题材文学创作已经大刀阔斧地从思考跨入实践。一个巨大的惊叹号从这篇小说中升起。what!原来我们的现实生活竟是这样的气势磅礴、充满生机，我们正在进行的伟大事业竟是这样地富于魅力、多姿多彩。小说中所赋予的“男子汉”这个概念的内涵，已不拘于性别或性格的诧异了。我们奋发图强的中华民族，我们的雄心勃勃地要实现四化的亿万人民，都是真正的男子汉。 《北方的河》是新时期文学进展到公元1984年的一曲激昂而又热烈的迎春曲，这支迎春曲过后，必然是万紫千红，繁花似锦。 新华社8月12日讯我国第一幢采用混凝土空心小砌块建筑的10层住宅楼，最近在广西南宁建成。广西建筑科学研究所和广西第二建筑公司共同配合，经过两年多时间的试验，终于得出可靠数据，证明了混凝土小砌块适用于高层建筑。 新华社8月12日电7月28日至8月12日在美国洛杉矶举行了第二十三届奥林匹克运动会。在此届奥运会上，中国的奥运健儿共夺得了15枚金牌、8枚银牌和9枚铜牌，金牌总数居第四，打破了中国在奥运会上奖牌为零的记录。 新华社8月12日讯似乎是一夜之间，各式各样的黄裙子成了80年代各个阶层，各个年龄段女性时髦的装束。刚刚从蓝灰军绿装束中解放出来的女性对艳丽色彩的渴望，在今年黄裙子流行中得到了些许满足，流行概念也因此有了一个置换，这一次潮流的发起不是来自政府号召而是来自民间的感染，尽管人们还不习惯张扬个性，而是更乐于从众，但能去尝试穿一种迥异与过去20年的服装与心理行动都是一次大胆的突破。穿着黄裙子的女性成了当代中国的时尚先锋，黄裙子也是中国第一次时装潮流的符号。 组合家具一时之间风靡大江南北。电视柜、大衣柜、装饰柜、书柜合称“四大柜”，小伙子结婚没有组合家具是会被人耻笑的。 今年全国刮起了一股“公司热”。专家专家指出：似乎只要组织起公司，管理经济这个问题就能解决。于是全国公司林立，甚至今天还是××局，第二天就换成了××公司。许多人把公司作为行政管理机构的一个层次来对待的，“局—公司—厂”就是他们设计的管理体系。“公司热”出现还有一种情况，由于行政机构的设置受到限制，就把一些管理部门改成公司，实行事业编制。 今年，我国出现了一股健美操热，跳健美操成了一种最普遍的健身运动。国外评论说，健美操的独特之处是把太极拳和现代舞蹈融合起来，在西欧风格中的广播体操中，吸取了“踢腿”和“出拳”这些中国武术动作。跳健美操既可强身健体，又可丰富娱乐生活，被人们所喜爱也是有原因的。 人民日报8月22日讯美尼姆斯餐厅最近在北京崇文门饭店一楼开业。这个餐厅营业面积400平方米，可同时接纳150人用餐。它与先期开业的马克西姆餐厅，都是由北京市与法国皮埃尔？卡丹公司合作开设的。这表示北京人不出国门就能品尝到国外的菜点。 新华社8月25日讯我国目前最大的加工中心机床——自动换刀数控卧式镗铣床，14日在沈阳通过国家鉴定。该机床技术性能达到国际70年代末期水平，填补了我国大型加工中心机床的一项空白。 工人日报8月25日讯由天坛旅游开发总公司组织的北京第一支职业时装表演团——东方时装艺术表演团，于8月24日下午在天坛公园正式成立。20名演员都是来自基层厂矿和商店的优秀青年，表演团旨在以东方时装的特点向观众宣传新时装。 人民日报8月26日讯（记者崔秀芝）1979年以来，我国电视机行业得到了迅速发展。5年的总产量已达1468万台。其中，彩色电视机的年产量由1978年的7300台增加到1983年的50.6万台。1983年底全国电视机拥有量为3500万台，其中，农村拥有量近800万台，职工家庭户普及率达83％。 人民日报8月28日讯我国自行设计的第一套铁路闭路电视系统，27日起在93、94次列车上正式投入使用。这套设备系统是由中国铁路闭路电视技术开发公司、上海铁路局和上海无线电仪器厂等单位共同研制成功的。 新华社大连8月28日电（通讯员李臂平）我国第一家用电脑控制的“汽车医院”——大连市运输公司汽车站已于近日投入使用。从而使汽车检测仪器仪表显示的自动化流水作业，代替了眼看、手摸的落后方式。 新华社北京8月29日讯目前，我国城乡市场正在发生历史性的变化：各种商品空前丰富，而限制购买商品的票证大大减少了。党的十一届三中全会以来，我国农业连年丰收，轻工业大幅度增加，各式各样的农副产品和日用工业品源源不断的涌向市场，商品丰富了，因而城乡人民也由持市抢购一变而为储市选购。 工人日报8月29日讯历史上弓腰背物赶牦牛运输的西藏农牧民，如今破天荒的在“世界屋脊”上驾驶了自己的汽车。据西藏自治区交通厅提供的最新数字西藏农牧民现有私家汽车450辆，另有2000多人申请购买汽车，西藏农牧民已经有一部分人先富起来。购买汽车，发展个体运输业，成为了西藏农牧民的新追求。 人民日报8月31日讯近5年来我国出版事业发展迅速。1983年，全国共有出版社292家（其中中央级132家），比1978年增加175家（其中中央级增加73家）。 人民日报9月2日讯我国第一座微型核反应堆最近在核工业部原子能所研制成功并于9月1日通过部级技术鉴定，为核技术的推广应用提供了又一项重要成果。 人民日报9月2日讯近日，吉林市光学机械厂和长春地质学院一起合作研制成功了我国第一台用微电脑控制的电动照相排字机。它不但可将字模版上文字或花纹图案印在感光片上，进行排版印刷，而且还能自动运算、记忆和存储，用时根据事先编好的程序进行工作。 新华社上海9月3日电（记者余曦）初秋的上海兴起了一股前所未有的“针织装热”。首次投放市场的新式针织服装，不仅男女青年争相购买，就连上了年纪的人也解囊换装，不愿落后。一时间大街上穿针织装的人们成了上海一道靓丽的风景线。 人民日报9月5日讯（记者吕炳文）深圳特区创办前后，在电脑软件的研制上还是空白，但随着中航深圳工贸中心的电脑电气技术有限公司成功地研制出Officestar英文字处理系统，终于实现了“零的突破”。这一突破，预示着更大规模的电脑软件开发正在我国兴起。 人民日报9月9日讯（记者石德连）天津市119名首届自费走读、国家不包分配的大学本科毕业生，全部被天津市党政机关、大专院校、公检法和工厂等37个单位录用。这批自费走读、不包分配的毕业生试用期为一年，表现不好的，用人单位有权辞退。被录用者认为不能发挥本人专长的，可以辞职。试用期满后，按大学本科毕业定工资级别，技术业务水平低的，可低于大学本科毕业工资待遇，打破了大学生的“统一价格”。 人民日报9月12日讯湖北沙市第一针织厂生产的丹凤牌汗布印花添领衫，系用21支专纺纱在机上编织成平汗布，纹路清晰、条干均匀。该产品采用树脂领布做成添领衫，具有外衣风格，又有轻薄、吸汗、柔软、舒适等特点。而且该产品低档纱支，高档整理，价廉物美，是当前青年人流行的夏令服装。 人民日报9月15日讯（记者沈进）我国目前规模最大的立交桥——北京三元立体交叉桥已基本建成，将于国庆前夕正式通车。该桥位于北京市三环路、机场路和京顺路3条大干道的会合处，占地35万平方米，由3座小立交桥和五座栈桥组成；桥面为1100平方米，路面为8.6万平方米，地上有人行梯道9座，地下有人行通道8条；桥上还矗立着新式高杆灯11杆。这样一座大型立交桥仅用10个月时间建成，创我国立交桥建设速度新纪录。 人民日报9月17日讯（记者陈祖甲）把现代信息技术引进医学领域，提高早期心脑疾病诊断的准确率，已在我国获得成功。这项成果是在中国环境科学研究院、航天工业部二院计算站、航天工业部测控公司、北京市劳动保护研究所主持下，联合北京急救中心，北京友谊医院和北京市神经外科研究所等单位研制成功的。 工人日报9月24日讯随着生活水平的提高，我国乘坐飞机的人越来越多。民航局提供的最新统计材料说，1983年我国平均没25人中就有1个人乘坐飞机旅行，1950平均每4.5万人中才有1个人乘坐飞机。 人民日报9月28日讯（记者石德连）作为国家的技术改造项目之一的微型汽车日前在天津汽车厂诞生。这种微型汽车载重量为650公斤，既可乘人，也可载货，在同样载重量的情况下，耗油量比吉普车和上海轿车都低，排出的废气也达到了国际标准。由于汽车小巧灵活，适用于城乡工商企业穿街走巷、旅游出租和农村专业户、重点户的短途运输。 新华社北京9月28日电（通讯员黄持民）一种多用途的无人驾驶飞机在北京航空学院研制成功，从而填补了我国航空工业的一项空白。它标志着我国的航空科学技术又有了新的突破。 新华社10月1日讯今天是中华人民共和国成立35周年的伟大日子。在北京庆祝游行的队伍中，北京大学几个学生突然扯出一条横幅，上面写着“小平你好”4个大字。北大学生的行为十分大胆，因为游行队伍都是经过多次彩排，整齐划一，他们的游行是违法纪律的，而且直呼“小平”也有些不敬。但是在城楼上向学生们挥手的邓小平笑了，学生们也笑了，这表达了游行学生对他的爱戴，对改革开放的支持。 新华社10月1日讯今天，中国人民银行发行了第一套流通纪念金属币。这套名为“中华人民共和国成立35周年”的纪念币共3枚，面值都是1元，直径30毫米，镍铜合金铸造，色泽呈银灰色。这套金属币一共发行了240万套，成为了国内钱币爱好者、收藏夹及广大群众收藏、鉴赏的珍品。 北京晚报10月4日讯（记者常彬彬）中央美术学院今年夏季对去年入学的新生实行本科试读条例。这是北京切实推行试读制度的第一所学校。按条例规定，试读期间户口和粮食关系留在原区，学校只调档案，一年试读期满，考试及格的同学才能取得就读院校的正式学籍，这主要的为了鼓励学生积极进取，克服高考一榜定终生“铁饭碗”的弊病。 工人日报10月15日讯由北京、天津、广州等地专程来沪的体育记者和上海记者，13日第一次穿上了采访服，出现在第十届亚洲篮球锦标赛的比赛场地。这是由中国体育记者协会提供给体育记者的第一套采访服。 人民日报10月17日讯（记者刘景高许步伟）据悉，中低档金银首饰今年在农村市场销量增长较快。金戒指、翡翠戒子、金项链、银项链、玛瑙鸡心等中低档金银首饰品种，由于贵者只要300元左右，贱者只要10几元，因而很受顾客欢迎。据了解，买主70%以上为农村青年，其原因是由于近年来大多农民在吃穿住行问题基本解决以后，其需求开始向高级消费品转移。有些经济较为宽裕的男女青年把首饰作为定亲必备礼物。可以预料，金银首饰在农村的市场必将有增无减。 新华社10月22日日讯21日，中共中央批转中央政法委员会《关于严厉打击严重犯罪刑事活动第一战役总结和第二战役部署的报告》。这是1950年镇反运动以来规模最大的一次集中打击，其打击的实际效果，已经远远超出了社会治安的范围。它对于党风、社会风气的转变，对于物质文明和精神文明的建设都产生了积极的影响。 10月24日讯（记者李学江）随着退休职工的增多，老年健身用品销路很畅。就拿健身球来说，仅北京市文体用品采购供应站一家，今年1至8月份就销出1.5万多对，预计到年底将超出2万对，是去年销售量的2。5倍。王府井百货大楼去年销售2000对，今年前9个月就已售出5000对，其中还脱销了两个月。老人健身用的各种类型的太极剑，销售量也逐年上升。去年，北京市文体用品采购供应站销售中档伸缩剑7000把，今年会销得更多。 中国教育报10月28日讯今年国家已确定直接投资装备的10个重点实验室中，建在高等学校的占5个。它们是：南京大学“固体微结构物理实验室”，山东大学“晶体材料实验室”，复旦大学“遗传工程实验室”，吉林大学“酶工程实验室”和中山大学“超快速激光光谱学实验室”。