Chapter 13 Chapter Twelfth Brief Introduction to the History of the Red Army in the Longdong Old Area after the Anti-Japanese War

During the Agrarian Revolutionary War, dozens of local Red Army guerrillas under the command of the Red 26th Army and the Second and Third Route Guerrilla Headquarters, which had grown up in the Longdong Soviet Area, set a solid foundation for the creation of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Soviet Area. Immortal feats, then, how did these heroic troops evolve after the War of Resistance?What major actions will they take next?This has always been little known.This chapter gives a brief introduction to this issue. 1. The evolution of the main force of the 42nd Division of the 26th Red Army after the War of Resistance

(1) Reorganized into the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army and marched into the battlefield behind enemy lines in North China In April 1935, under the order of Liu Zhidan.The Red Third Regiment, the main force of the 42nd Division of the Red Twenty-sixth Army, and the Northwest Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army went north to northern Shaanxi and the Eighty-fourth Division of the Northern Shaanxi Red Twenty-seventh Army to form the Northwest Red Army's main force. The Second Regiment of the Second Division was also ordered to join the battle sequence of the Northwest Red Army's main force. In September 1935, the main corps of the Northwest Red Army joined forces with the 25th Red Army that had broken through from the Hubei, Henan and Anhui bases and went northward to form the 15th Red Army.After joining forces, the second and third regiments of the 42nd Division of the Red 26th Army and the Northwest Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army were organized into the 78th Division.The Cavalry Regiment and the First Regiment of the 42nd Division of the Red Twenty-sixth Army did not participate in the reorganization because they stood on the southern line of the Shaanxi-Gansu border base.

After the Red Seventy-eighth Division was formed, it participated in major battles such as the Battle of Laoshan, the Battle of Yulin Bridge, the Battle of Zhiluo Town, the Battle of the East, the Battle of the West, and the Battle of the Mountain Castle, and participated in the three main Red Army in the meeting (Ning) , The meeting in the Jing (Ning) area. In August 1937, the Red 78th Division was ordered to reorganize into the 2nd Battalion of the 687th Regiment of the 344th Brigade of the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army and the second battalion of the 688th Regiment. In September, the troops marched to North China and fought a bloody tie at Xingguan, demonstrating the military might of the Red Army on the Shaanxi-Gansu border and frightening the Japanese invaders. In December, the 2nd Battalion of the 687th Regiment of the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army and the 2nd Battalion of the 688th Regiment were jointly established as the 689th Regiment.Therefore, the 689th Regiment of the Eighth Route Army, which shocked the enemy's rear, is the history of the Red Twenty-sixth Army.

In March 1938, the 689th Regiment went to southeastern Shanxi with the 344th Brigade. In April, in the battle to smash the siege of the Japanese Army's Nine Routes, the 689th Regiment cooperated with the main force of the 129th Division to wipe out a regiment of the Japanese Army in Changle Village, Wuxiang County. In June, the 689th Regiment marched into southern Hebei with the 129th Division, conquered Wei County, and dealt a powerful blow to the target army. In July 1939, the Japanese army launched a large-scale "sweep" against southeast Shanxi, successively capturing Wuxiang, Liaoxian, Changzi, Huguan, Changzhi and other places.During the anti-sweeping campaign, the 689th Regiment fought back and wiped out more than 300 enemies in Huguan, which greatly encouraged the determination of the people in southeast Shanxi to persist in the war of resistance.

(2) Departed to the Central China Anti-Japanese Frontier and reorganized as a New Fourth Army unit In January 1940, the Eighth Route Army headquarters ordered Huang Kecheng to form the second column of the Eighth Route Army with the 344th Brigade of the Eighth Route Army and the Hebei-Shandong-Henan Detachment, and went south to support the New Fourth Army.To this end, the troops were reorganized.After the 688th Regiment was expanded into a new brigade, the 689th Regiment drew part of its troops and formed the new 688th Regiment January together with other troops.The two marched southward vertically, breaking through the blocking attacks of the Japanese army in succession. In June, the Second Column joined forces with the Sixth Detachment of the New Fourth Army in the north of Guoyang and jointly formed the Fourth Column of the Eighth Route Army. In late July, the Fourth Column formed the Fourth Brigade with the 689 and New 688 regiments.Since then, the Red Twenty-six Army has evolved into the Fourth Brigade of the Fourth Column of the Eighth Route Army.

After the Southern Anhui Incident in 1941, in order to expand the New Fourth Army, our party decided to reorganize the Fourth and Fifth Columns of the Eighth Route Army into the Fourth and Third Divisions of the New Fourth Army.At this time, the fourth brigade was reorganized into the tenth brigade of the New Fourth Army, which was first organized into the fourth division of the New Fourth Army, and then the third division of the New Fourth Army, and continued to fight against the enemy in the Huaihai area.As a result, the Red Twenty-Sixth Army, which fought in Qiaoshan, Shaanxi-Gansu, became the main force of the New Fourth Army in the water town of Central China.

In 1942, the Anti-Japanese War was at a difficult stage.In order to smash the cruel sweep of the Huaihai District by the Japanese and puppets, the Huaihai District implemented a streamlined army, simplified administration and localization of the main force.The Tenth Brigade of the New Fourth Army, which persisted in the struggle in the Huaihai District, was reorganized into the Huaihai Navy Division of the North Jiangsu Military Region, with the first, second, third, and fourth detachments under its jurisdiction. In April 1943, the Huai Navy sub-unit launched a summer offensive, captured 5 strongholds, and wiped out more than 5,000 Japanese and puppet troops. In April 1944, the Gao and Yang campaigns were launched again, and more than 3,400 Japanese and puppet troops were wiped out.

In March 1945, the New Fourth Army formed an independent brigade based on the second and third detachments of the Huai Navy Division, and went to fight in the Wanjiang area.At the same time as the independent brigade was established, the Huai Navy Division formed a new regiment and a new regiment to persist in the struggle where the original second and third detachments were located. On August 10, 1945, after the counter-offensive of the Anti-Japanese War began, the Huai Navy Division resumed the tenth brigade system of the Dingxin Fourth Army. Afterwards, the troops launched continuous offensives and successively liberated Suqian, Siyang, and Lianshui counties. In September, conquered Huaiyang City and wiped out more than 9,000 enemies. In October, the Independent Brigade returned to the Huaihai District and returned to the three divisions.Since then, the 10th Brigade of the New Fourth Army and the Independent Brigade, both developed by the Red 26th Army, have been fighting side by side.

(3) Marching into the Northeast, reorganized as the main force of the second column of the Northeast Democratic Alliance Army. In June 1945, after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, our party ordered the third division of the New Fourth Army to enter the Northeast in order to implement the strategic policy of seizing the Northeast. On October 8, the Tenth Brigade and the Independent Brigade, led by Huang Kecheng, embarked on a journey into the Northeast. On November 5, our army arrived at the front line of Jinzhou, Liaoning, and then mobilized the masses in the western Liaoning area.Eliminate bandits, form local troops, and establish bases. In April 1946, the Tenth Brigade and the Independent Brigade participated in the famous Siping Defense War, which dealt a head-on blow to the elite main force of the Kuomintang.

In the spring of 1946, the Northeast Field Army formed the second column based on the Tenth Brigade and the Independent Brigade.After the establishment of the Second Column, it has repeatedly made outstanding achievements in the Northeast battlefield.In the great Liaoshen Campaign, the Second Column captured Jinzhou, fought in western Liaoning, and captured Shenyang, making outstanding contributions to the liberation of the entire Northeast. (4) Command troops to enter the customs and organize them into the 39th Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. After the Battle of Liaoshen, the enemies of Pingjin have become frightened birds.In order to completely annihilate the enemy in North China, the Party Central Committee and Mao Zedong made the decision to enter the Northeast Field Army in advance. In late November 1948, the Second Column of the Northeast Field Army entered the pass as the vanguard to participate in the Battle of Pingjin. In December, the Second Column and other troops occupied Tangshan, cutting off the connection between Pingjin and Tanggu. In late December 1948, the Second Column participated in the Battle of Tianjin, wiped out the defending enemy, cut off the enemy's escape route to the east, and forced Fu Zuoyi to accept a peaceful adaptation.

After the three major battles, the People's Liberation Army was reorganized.The Second Column of the Northeast Field Army was compiled as the 39th Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army.From then on, the troops that supported the growth of the Longdong Soviet Area embarked on the journey of liberating the whole of China. (5) Send troops to North Korea and reorganize into the 39th Army of the Chinese People's Volunteers After the outbreak of the Korean War, the U.S. aggressor army ignored the warnings of the Chinese government and crossed the 38th parallel to attack the Yalu River on October 8, 1950. The security of New China was threatened. On October 19, the Thirty-ninth Army, as the vanguard of the Chinese People's Volunteers, crossed the Yalu River together with fraternal troops, and began the great War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea. From October 25th to November 5th, the Chinese People's Volunteers launched the first battle. The 39th Army was brave and tenacious, and defeated the so-called American invading army in the Yunshan area with a heavy blow.Since then, the 39th Army has participated in five consecutive battles, regained Pyongyang, flew across Shuangjiang, and captured Seoul. It made outstanding contributions to the victory of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, and received praise from Peng Dehuai.Since then, this people's army, developed from the main force of the Red Twenty-Sixth Army in the old Longdong area, has become famous all over the world and has become a strong force to defend the motherland. 2. The history of the Red Twenty-sixth Army Cavalry Regiment and the First Regiment after the War of Resistance (1) Reorganized into the 120th Division of the Eighth Route Army and created the Shanxi-Sui Anti-Japanese Base Area In April 1935, after the main force of the Red Twenty-sixth Army went north to northern Shaanxi to participate in the anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign of the Northwest Red Army's main corps, the Red Twenty-sixth Army's 42nd Division Cavalry Regiment and the Red First Regiment were ordered to persist in carrying out campaigns in the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Soviet Area. Guerrilla warfare, to contain the teaching troops on the western, southern, and southwest fronts, and to cover the combat operations of the main corps of the Red Army. On November 11, 1935, after the battle of Zhiluo Town, under the order of the Central Military Commission, the Red Twenty-sixth Army Cavalry Regiment was reorganized into the First Red Front Army Cavalry Regiment, which was directly under the command of the Front Army Headquarters.The First Cavalry Regiment successively participated in major operations such as the Eastern Expedition, the Western Expedition, and the reunion of the three main Red Army forces, contributing to the expansion and defense of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia base areas. In February 1937, the First Cavalry Regiment was ordered to join the Western Aid Army's combat sequence and stationed in the original area of ​​Longdong Town. In April 1936, the Northeast Army of the Kuomintang attacked the Guanzhong Special Zone with 6 divisions. The first regiment of the Red 26th Army was ordered to retreat. In April, the Red 1st Regiment arrived in northern Shaanxi. The military system, went to Anding to defend the Party Central Committee.Later, he participated in major combat operations such as the Western Expedition with the Red Twenty-eighth Army. In February 1937, he was ordered to join the Western Army's combat sequence. In August 1937, both the Cavalry Regiment and the Red 28th Army (including the Red First Regiment) were incorporated into the 120th Division of the Eighth Route Army, and the Cavalry Regiment was incorporated into the 120th Division Cavalry Battalion.The 28th Red Army was organized into the 716th Regiment of the 358th Brigade.After the reorganization, the troops marched into North China, galloped to the northwest of Shanxi, and dealt a heavy blow to the Japanese invaders. In late August 1938, in accordance with the order of the Central Military Commission, the cavalry battalion of the 1120th Division formed the Daqingshan Detachment together with the brother troops. Under the leadership of Commander Li Jingquan, they set off from Pinglu and other places in the northwest of Shanxi to advance towards Suiyuan. On the night of September 1, the main force of the Ministry crossed Pingsui Road, entered the Daqingshan area, and joined the local Mongolian and Han people's guerrillas. On September 3, our army attacked Taolin City (now Chahar Right Wing Middle Banner) for the first time, and then marched westward.Capture the big beach.Then use this as a starting point to actively mobilize the masses to carry out anti-Japanese guerrilla warfare and establish base areas. In late September, the main force of the detachment entered the west of Guisui (now Hohhot) to Wuchuan Highway, attacked Tao Sihao, Su'angai and other stations on Pingsui Road, and occupied Bi Keqi. In Shangdian in November, it smashed the siege of more than 2,000 Japanese cavalry on the mountainous area north of Saraqi.By the winter of 1938, the Daqingshan Anti-Japanese Base Area, including the three districts of Suixi, Suinan and Suizhong, was initially formed. (2) Return to the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region to participate in the battle to defend the Party Central Committee and liberate the Northwest In 1942, the Anti-Japanese War entered a stage of strategic stalemate. Under the stubborn joint attack of the enemy and the puppets, the anti-Japanese base areas behind the enemy entered a difficult period.In order to overcome difficulties and strive for the final victory of the War of Resistance, Mao Zedong issued a call for "do it yourself, and have enough food and clothing." In the summer of 1942, based on the cavalry battalion of the 120th Division, Licheng's cavalry brigade was expanded and returned to the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia area, and stationed in Hulu River, Taizi Town, Heshui, Longdong, to carry out mass production campaigns. In mid-April 1943, the cavalry brigade moved to the Shengjiaqiao area of ​​Quzi County for rest and training. In March 1945, under the situation that the Anti-Japanese War was about to be won, in order to support the counter-offensive operations in the liberated areas behind the enemy.The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China dispatched a cavalry brigade to the Daqingshan area.Conduct guerrilla warfare and open up liberated areas. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the Kuomintang reactionaries intensified their encirclement, encroachment and offensive operations on the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region in order to eliminate the Chinese Communist Party and the People's Army.In order to defend the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao.The 358th Brigade and the Cavalry Brigade successively entered the Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region from the Jinsui Border Region to undertake the arduous task of defending the Party Central Committee. In March 1947, in order to crush Chiang Kai-shek's "key attack", the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to form the Northwest Field Army. The 358th Brigade was incorporated into the first column of the field army and participated in previous major battles to defend Yan'an. In February 1949, according to the order of the Central Military Commission on the unified reorganization of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, the Northwest Field Army was renamed the First Field Army, its first column was also renamed the First Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, and the 358th Brigade was organized as the First Division.Therefore, the First Division of the Second Army of the Chinese People's Liberation has the origin of the development of the original First Regiment of the Red Twenty-sixth Army and other Longdong Red Army units. At the same time, the cavalry brigade, as a unit directly under the Northwest Field Army, galloped across the vast area on the border between Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia, effectively cooperating with the actions of the main force.After the establishment of the First Field Army, the cavalry brigade was still directly under the command of the First Field Army headquarters, and played an important role in the battle to liberate the Northwest. Throughout the War of Liberation, the Cavalry Brigade and the 358th Brigade made outstanding contributions to defending the Party Central Committee and the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, and made immortal contributions in the fierce battle that swept across the enemy forces in the Northwest.These two people's armies, which grew up on the basis of the Northwest Red Army, continued to complete the unfinished revolutionary cause of Liu Zhidan, Xie Zichang and other martyrs on the Northwest battlefield until they planted the red flag of victory all over the Northwest. 3. The evolution of the local units and guerrillas of the Red Army in the old Longdong area after the War of Resistance (1) Reorganized into the 129th Division of the Eighth Route Army and stayed in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Dozens of local Red Army units and guerrillas under the jurisdiction of the second and third guerrilla headquarters in the Shaanxi-Gansu border area.After the Central Red Army arrived in northern Shaanxi on the Long March, it was successively reorganized into units such as the 28th Red Army, the 29th Red Army, and the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Independent Division, or supplemented into the main Red Army units, making new contributions to the consolidation of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia base areas. grades. December 30, 1935.The Central Military Commission decided to establish the 28th Red Army and the 29th Red Army based on the local guerrillas and detachments of the Red Army in the Shaanxi-Gansu border.The 28th Red Army and the 29th Red Army participated in the Eastern Expedition and Western Expedition successively, and quickly grew into the main force of the Red Army. In July 1936, in order to defend the vast new areas opened up by the Western Expedition, the Central Military Commission decided to form the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Independent Division with 4 regiments under its jurisdiction based on the independent battalion and guerrilla units of the Red Army in Longdong.After the establishment of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Independent Division, in order to defend the red regime in the new Soviet area.Actively carried out the struggle against bandits, which hit the arrogance of the local reactionary armed forces of the Kuomintang. In August 1937, the Red Twenty-ninth Army and the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Independent Division were reorganized into the 129th Division of the Eighth Route Army. The Seventh Guard Regiment, these troops later stayed in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region. In the battle to defend the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, under difficult conditions, the Seventh Police Regiment and other troops maintained a high degree of vigilance against the friction plots of the Kuomintang diehards, and defeated the incidents caused by the diehards time and time again. (2) Formed as the fourth column of the Northwest Field Army to participate in the battle to defend Yan'an The Seventh Police Regiment was originally organized under the 385th Brigade. Later, the Third Police Brigade merged with the 385th Brigade, and the Seventh Police Regiment was changed to the Fifth Police Regiment, which was under the jurisdiction of the Third Police Brigade. In March 1947, at the same time as the formation of the Northwest Field Army, the Central Military Commission ordered the Third Police Brigade and the First Police Brigade (adapted from the local armed forces in Xinning and Xinzheng) to form the Northwest Field Army Guerrilla Corps. Guerrilla warfare in medium-sized areas.Threatening the rear security of the Hu Zongnan Group. In September 1947, according to the order of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China, the Northwest Field Army formed the fourth column with the Third Police Brigade, the First Police Brigade, and the Sixth Cavalry Division to participate in the combat operations of the main force. In February 1949, the Fourth Column was renamed the Fourth Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army.Therefore, the Fourth Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army actually developed and expanded on the basis of the former local troops of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Red Army. In summary.The Red Twenty-Sixth Army and its local Red Army units and guerrillas developed from the old area of ​​Longdong were incorporated into the three main forces of the Eighth Route Army, the 115th Division, the 120th Division, and the 129th Division, respectively, after the War of Resistance Against Japan. Made important contributions to the victory of the Anti-Japanese War.After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, these units based on the Northwest Red Army either stayed in place or marched into the Northeast, becoming one of the main forces preparing for the battlefield during the War of Liberation.Since then, the troops developed on the basis of the original Red 26th Army, together with the brothers of the whole army, have shouldered new historical missions and entered a new historical period. The glorious deeds of the heroic Longdong Red Army will be recorded in the annals of history forever!