Chapter 12 Chapter 11 Anti-Japanese National Salvation Activities of the Main Force of the Red Army in Longdong after the "Xi'an Incident"

After the "Xi'an Incident" broke out in December 1936, in order to cope with the pro-Japanese attack on Xi'an by the Northeast Army and the Seventeenth Route Army, the three main forces of the Red Army moved southward from Dingbian and Huanxian areas to Zhengning in the east of Longdong. And gather in the Chunhua and Sanyuan areas.On the way to the south, the Red Army stationed in counties such as Qingyang, Heshui, Zhengning, and Zhenyuan where the Northeast Army had withdrawn. After the "Xi'an Incident" was resolved peacefully, the First Red Army Corps returned to Zhengning, Ning County, and Xunyi in Longdong from Yangjin, Xi'an, for training in early 1937. Soon the Fifth Red Army Corps also returned to Longdong and stationed in the Yimaguan area of ​​Qingyang. In April, the West Aid Army departed from Sanyuan, Shaanxi and entered Zhenyuan, and stayed there for training because of the failure of the West Route Army.During the training period in Longdong, the main forces of the Red Army carried out the party's anti-Japanese national united front policy, mobilized the masses under the slogan of "united and anti-Japanese", organized anti-Japanese national salvation, developed party organizations, and carried out step-by-step reductions in rent and interest. The reasonable burden of the masses was implemented, which promoted the formation and development of the Longdong United Front Area.

1. The First Red Army stationed in Zhengning, Ningxian and Qingyang Yimaguan areas in the east of Longdong Zhang Xueliang, general of the Northeast Army of the Kuomintang, and Yang Hucheng, general of the 17th Route Army, were influenced by the national anti-Japanese national salvation movement and accepted the anti-Japanese national united front policy of the Communist Party of China. After the "Xi'an Incident", He Yingqin, a pro-Japanese faction of the Kuomintang, with the support of Japanese imperialism, mobilized a large number of troops to advance to Xi'an from the east and west under the banner of "crusade against rebellion" in an attempt to expand the civil war and Take the opportunity to seize Chiang Kai-shek's dominance. He Yingqin served as the commander-in-chief of the "crusade army", with two group armies under it.Nearly ten divisions of the East Route Group Army, commanded by Liu Zhi, are approaching Xi'an from the east. Five divisions of the vanguard have entered Hua County; Ningxia Tongxin and Longdong Huanxian concentrated to Gansu Longxi and Tianshui, and then attacked Xi'an eastward.

In order to support the Northeast Army and the 17th Route Army and smash He Yingqin's "crusade army" from east to west, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Military Commission decided that the First Army and the Fifteenth Army of the Red Front Army, the Second Army and the First Army of the Red Second Front Army The Sixth Army Corps, the Fourth Army and the Thirty-first Army of the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army moved south from the Dingbian and Huanxian areas, passed through Qingyang, Changwu, Binxian, Xianyang, and Xingping, and entered the south of Lantian and Shangxian counties. Cooperate with the Northeast Army and the Seventeenth Route Army to attack the enemy's East Route Group Army, and strive to wipe out most or part of it; use the Red Twenty-eighth Army, Red Thirty-two Army, and Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Independent Division to contain the enemy's first army near Huanxian County. The Red 29th Army and the Red 30th Army guarded the enemies of Ningxia in Dingbian, Yanchi, and Wu Banners; the Red 81st Division (later restored to the designation of the Red 27th Army) went east to Yan'an.

On December 26, the main force of the Red Army entered the Qingyang and Zhengning areas, and Chiang Kai-shek had been released.The enemy's East Road Group Army withdrew from Tongguan to the east, and the Red Army immediately rested and waited for orders.Unexpectedly, after Chiang Kai-shek was released, he broke his promise, detained General Zhang Xueliang, and ordered his troops to carry out military oppression on Xi'an. Ten divisions in the east, fifteen divisions in the southwest and northwest, marched towards Xi'an. In January 1937, the Central Army of the Kuomintang re-invaded Xi'an. On January 3, Mao Zedong called the generals of the Northeast Army, "The current situation has changed, and the pro-Japanese sent back to attack our anti-Japanese coalition forces. Only with one mind, consolidate unity, fight resolutely, and strive for the final victory. 99 January 5, led by General Yang Hucheng , issued a stern and strongly worded telegram in Xi'an, protesting against the Nanjing government's detainment of General Zhang Xueliang and its attempt to rekindle the civil war. Ask the Nanjing government to immediately order the cessation of military operations. At the same time, the senior leaders of the Northeast Army, the Seventeenth Route Army, and the Red Army, under the auspices of Yang Hucheng, jointly negotiated and drew up a specific combat plan. The main force of the Red Army quickly attacked and was ordered to enter the The Chunhua, Sanyuan, and Yaoxian areas in Xi'an were deployed, and the 15th Red Army Corps entered the area of ​​Shang County in the southeast of Xi'an; Red 81st Division) was stationed in Luochuan to prepare to support the Northeast Army and the Seventeenth Route Army. At the same time, Huang Luobin led the Red Army's Shaanxi-Gansu local unit Hongyi Regiment to take over the defense of the Northeast Army in Yan'an and other places. Most of the former Shaanxi-Gansu base areas Restoration. On January 13, 1937, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Military Commission moved from Baoan to the foot of Fenghuang Mountain in Yan'an. Since then, Yan'an, a majestic and majestic ancient city, has become a beacon guiding the direction of the people's revolution across the country. It has become a world-famous revolutionary holy place.

Because the Red Army, the Northeast Army, and the Seventeenth Route Army made preparations for the attack of Chiang Kai-shek's "crusade army".Coupled with the fruitful efforts of the CCP delegation headed by Zhou Enlai and General Yang Hucheng, as well as the pressure of public opinion at home and abroad, the "Xi'an Incident" was finally resolved peacefully, thus creating the necessary premise for the KMT and the Communist Party to re-cooperate and jointly resist Japan. At the beginning of February 1937, the First Red Army Corps, which had advanced to the front lines of Sanyuan, Jingyang, and Yaoxian County, returned to Zhengning, Ningxian County, and Xunyi in the east of Longdong to garrison. The Second Division was stationed in Zaosheng Town, Ning County, and the Fourth Division was stationed in Xunyi County.Soon, the Red Fifteenth Army also returned to the Longdong Soviet Area and stationed in the Yimaguan area between Qingyang and Xifeng. The 75th Division was stationed in Yuanmengba Town, and the 78th Division was stationed in Yimen Village, Xifeng. In this way, all the main forces of the Red Army returned to the Longdong base for garrison and training.

At that time, Xifeng Town was the seat of the Third Administrative Inspectorate of the Kuomintang, and was occupied by Lu Dachang, a local warlord in Gansu. After the main force of the Red Army returned to the Longdong base area, in order to implement the Party Central Committee's policy of "consolidating peace", "struggling for democracy" and "realizing the war of resistance", they actively mobilized the masses to carry out the anti-Japanese and national salvation movement. made an important contribution. First, publicize the party's principles and policies of the anti-Japanese national united front, expand the Red Army, and mobilize the masses to participate in the anti-Japanese national salvation movement.

In order to publicize the idea of ​​"stop the civil war and unite against Japan" put forward by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, enhance the people's understanding of the basic policies of the Red Army in Longdong, and mobilize the masses to participate in anti-Japanese activities, whether the Red Army went south through various places in Longdong or returned to Longdong for garrison, the Red Army did everything. Pay attention to mass work.All units of the Red Army formed mobile propaganda teams to go deep into the mountainous areas to publicize the party's anti-Japanese propositions to the masses.In particular, the activities of eliminating banditry while propagandizing, and carrying out activities of reducing rent and interest, made the masses realize that the Red Army has strict discipline and love for the common people.The awakened masses participated in various anti-Japanese and national salvation activities one after another, and many activists emerged from them.The party organization actively absorbed them into the party or joined the Red Army, thus strengthening the anti-Japanese forces.

Deng Xiaoping, director of the Political Department of the First Red Army Corps, also widely publicized the party's anti-Japanese national united front policy to the masses during his southward and northward garrison in Ning County and Zhengning, Longdong, and inspired the masses' anti-Japanese consciousness.At that time, the Political Department of the First Red Army Corps held a military-civilian meeting in Nanyijing, Ningxian County. Deng Xiaoping delivered a speech at the meeting, propagating the party's idea of ​​uniting and resisting Japan.At the same time, in order to strengthen the leadership of the Party's anti-Japanese and national salvation movement, Comrade Deng Xiaoping also listened to the report of Wang Bingxiang, the head of the Organization Department of the Xinning County Party Committee, and Li Jicheng, the head of the United Front Work Department, in Nanyijing, and inspected the implementation of various tasks of the Party. The development of the regional anti-Japanese national salvation movement.

The mass work of the Red Fifteenth Army Corps has also been carried out very well.Under the direct leadership of the Democracy Movement Department of the Legion, mobilized the masses to organize the Anti-Japanese National Salvation Federation and people's national salvation groups from all walks of life.According to the requirements of the poor peasants, the crimes of the bully landlord Yang Kuilong and the traitor Xie Fumin were exposed and liquidated, and their land and property were confiscated and distributed to the working people.At the same time, the 75th Division of the 15th Red Army stationed in Mengba also established mass anti-Japanese groups and grassroots party and government organizations in the local area together with the West Aid Army.Due to the creation of a good mass base, after the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, the anti-Japanese movement continued to rise in the areas where the Red Army was stationed, and finally became an integral part of the Longdong Anti-Japanese Base Area, making important contributions to the victory of the Anti-Japanese War.

Second, actively carry out united front work to the Kuomintang army and local governments, and promote the formation of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in the Longdong area. During the garrison in Longdong, the First Red Army paid great attention to the anti-Japanese national united front work against the Kuomintang army and local governments.When the Red Army went south, Peng Dehuai, the former commander-in-chief of the enemy, arrived at Ningxian County from Xihuachi via Nanyi Well on December 25, 1936. He treated the KMT Ningxian government personnel with sincerity, understood the righteousness of the nation, and inspired their national consciousness. It was welcomed by all the staff below Wang Xubin, the county magistrate of the Kuomintang.During the three or four days of staying in Ning County, Peng Dehuai taught the cadres to strictly observe military discipline, love the people, and respect the local area, which was unanimously praised by people from all walks of life.When the Red Army passed through Zaosheng Town, people from all walks of life took the initiative to offer tea and meals along the street to express their condolences to the Red Army.

In order to eliminate the situation of confrontation between red and white, avoid military conflicts between the two sides, and ensure the independent status of the regime in the Soviet area in the united front, the First Red Army also sent Deng Hua, political commissar of the first division, to assist Xinzheng and Xinning counties and the local authorities of the Kuomintang to carry out a campaign. The battle to draw the line.After many rounds of negotiations, the two sides finally reached a demarcation agreement.The demarcation struggle in Xinzheng and Xinning counties in the east of Longdong won unanimous praise from the public opinion, further united all anti-Japanese forces, and promoted the formation and development of the joint anti-Japanese situation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. Because the Red Army used the party's principles and policies of resisting Japan and saving the country to inspire the local Kuomintang authorities, the local Kuomintang government in Longdong gradually eased the hostility towards the Red Army and the regime in the base areas before and after the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, and began to contact the red regime in Longdong. .Therefore, in the early days of the Anti-Japanese War, counties such as Qingyang, Heshui, Ningxian, Zhengning, and Huanxian in eastern Longdong were recognized by the local authorities of the Kuomintang as "all belonging to the rear of the Eighth Route Army, and the military-civilian cooperation was safe." ① Third, establish local party organizations and expand the party's influence. The Red Army took advantage of the favorable opportunity of the initial formation of the Anti-Japanese National United Front to carry out party building work in areas under the jurisdiction of friendly troops.The Red Front Army used the method of sending pro-democracy cadres to carry out the national salvation movement, establish mass organizations, cultivate revolutionary backbones, and establish and strengthen the party team.At that time, the main areas where the work was carried out were Qingyang, Heshui, Zhenyuan, Ningxian, and Jingchuan.Each army has successively established and developed party organizations in the above-mentioned areas.expanded the influence of the party.For example, the First Red Army established the Gonghe Branch of the Communist Party of China and the Zaosheng Party Branch in Ning County, the Jigang Party Branch of the Communist Party of China in Zhengning, the Shangguanzhuang Party Branch, the Qinjia Village Party Branch, and the Taiyu District Party Branch in Xunyi, etc. .After the Red Fifteenth Corps sent Zhang Yicheng, Minister of the Democratic Movement, to the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Provincial Party Committee to ask for instructions, it also established the Yimaguan County Party Committee, and established Yimen, Shishe, Yimaguan, Tongchuan, Fosiao, Wangyuan, Dongyuan, etc. Seven district committees have established a county committee guard with dozens of guns.After hard work, by the first half of 1937, the Red Army had successively established five county committees of the Communist Party of China in Heshui, Qingyang, Yimaguan, Zhenyuan, and Ningxian and two working committees of Xifeng and Guyuan in Longdong. Fourth, expand the Red Army, strengthen training, and prepare for the upcoming war of resistance. In order to expand the Red Army and improve its combat effectiveness, the Central Military Commission made a request as early as December 1936 to use every opportunity to expand the Red Army.The Red Army troops responded to the call of the Central Military Commission during their garrison in Longdong.The expansion of the Red Army was generally regarded as an important task, and poor peasant youth were actively mobilized to join the Red Army.The Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Provincial Party Committee alone expanded its army by more than 700 people within half a month. In February 1937, all local guerrillas in Xinzheng and Xinning counties in East Longdong were reorganized into the Fourth Guanzhong Guerrilla Brigade with nearly 400 members. In March, the Fourth Guerrilla Brigade was added to the Fourth Red Division in Fuping, expanding the main force of the Red Army.When the Anti-Japanese War broke out in July 1937, the Red Army in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region had grown to more than 74,000 people and possessed more than 40,000 guns, becoming a relatively powerful anti-Japanese force. ① While actively carrying out the "expanding red" movement, the units of the Red Army also carried out military and political training in peacetime, and put forward different requirements for soldiers, platoon and battalion commanders; they also conducted bombing, shooting, assassination, and offensive and defensive exercises. Carry out sports, cultural and entertainment competitions.In this way, vigorous and solid military training campaigns were launched among the various troops, which set off an upsurge of military training.After more than half a year of training, the military and political quality of the various units of the Red Army has been greatly enhanced, and the tactical and technical level has been greatly improved. 2. Composition of the Red Army Aid to the West and its stationing in the original area of ​​Longdong Town In November 1936, after the plan for the Ningxia Campaign was forced to be suspended, the Red Fifth Army, Ninth Army, Thirty Army and troops directly under the Fourth Front Army headquarters, which crossed the Yellow River from Jingyuan and entered Hexi, formed the West Route Army to carry out the westward march to Xinjiang. Task. On November 9th, the West Route Army withdrew from a mountain area and began to advance westward. It entered Gulang on the 14th, crossed Liangzhou on the 16th, stationed in Yongchang on the 18th, and occupied Shandan on the 21st.So far, the West Route Army has completely occupied the Fengyao area of ​​the Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province, extending to Shandan in the west and Xisishilipu in Liangzhou in the east, which is about 300 miles long.Ma Bufang took advantage of the fact that the Red Army's forces were scattered and in a difficult situation, and concentrated its forces in the Yongchang area to find a decisive battle for the Red Army.Although the Red Army repelled the crazy attacks of the enemy many times, it suffered heavy casualties, and its strength was reduced from more than 21,000 to more than 15,000. In late December, the West Route Army withdrew from the Shandan and Yongchang areas, braved the severe cold weather, and continued to advance westward. On December 30, the Red Army entered Fuyi (now Linze) City, and on January 1, 1937, Gaotai was captured. On January 12, the enemy attacked Gaotai City with 4 brigades and three regiments. The Fifth Red Army fought bloody battles with the enemy for nine days and nights. , More than 3,000 Red Army soldiers under the commander Dong Zhentang died heroically. On January 23, 1937, the West Route Army carried out a defensive battle in the Nijiayingzi area in the southeast of Fuyi. The battle lasted until the 29th, killing and injuring more than 10,000 enemies. On February 21, the West Route Army decided to return east in view of the hopelessness of the defense, and broke through that night. On the 24th, at Xidongbao and Longshoubao in the southwest of Ganzhou, they repelled a cavalry division and militia chasing the enemy, killing and wounding more than 400 enemies. On the 25th, the enemy army swarmed after them. The West Route Army wiped out the enemy militias and surrendered more than 1,200 guns. They attacked the enemy and encouraged themselves. On the 26th, the troops returned to Nijiayingzi. On the 27th, the enemy besieged again with heavy troops, and the West Route Army fought bloody battles with the enemy for seven days and nights. They suffered heavy casualties, ran out of ammunition and food, and fell into an extremely difficult situation. When the West Route Army was in a dangerous situation, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Military Commission decided to form a "West Aid Army" in order to rescue the West Route Army and march westward rapidly. On February 27, the Chinese People's Red Army West Aid Army was ordered to formally form, with Liu Bocheng as the commander, Zhang Hao (Lin Yuying) as the political commissar, Zuo Quan (later Li Da) as the chief of staff, and Liu Xiao as the director of the Political Department.Jurisdiction: The Fourth Red Army, Commander Chen Zaidao, Political Commissar Wang Hongkun, Chief of Staff Geng Biao, Director of the Political Department Liu Zhijian, governed the Tenth Division and the Twelfth Division. The 31st Red Army, commander Xiao Ke, political commissar Zhou Chun (acted by Guo Shushen), Tang Tianji served as chief of staff, and Wang Xinting, director of the political department, governed the 91st Division and the 93rd Division. The Red Twenty-Eighth Army, commander Song Shilun, political commissar Song Renqiong, chief of staff Tang Yanjie, governed the 250th, 251st, and 252nd regiments. Red Thirty-two Army, Army Commander Luo Binghui, Political Commissar Yuan Renyuan, Chief of Staff Guo Peng, Director of the Political Department Li Ganhui, under the jurisdiction of the 280th Regiment, the 282nd Regiment, and the 286th Regiment. The first regiment of cavalry, head Kong Lingfu, political commissar Gao Jinchun. After the establishment of the Western Aid Army, it set off from Chunhua and Sanyuan areas, and traveled westward at a fast speed. On March 2, the Central Military Commission issued a clear instruction on the operational principles of the Western Aid Army: "The implementation and extent of reinforcements must comply with the following principles: (1) It does not affect the overall situation of peace. Therefore, the reinforcements began to move. Zhou (Enlai) Immediately tell Gu Zhutong and ask for understanding; if it does not affect peace, we will implement reinforcements, otherwise we will stop in the middle and place the reinforcements in the Xifeng, Zhenyuan, and Guyuan areas. With Nanjing's understanding, when our army marches westward, we can only control a section of the Yellow River, mobilize two horses, pick up the West Route Army, and return to the east bank. We cannot go further westward, because it has been proved that the west will not survive." ① In accordance with the instructions of the Central Military Commission, in mid-March, the Western Aid Army arrived at the original area of ​​Longdong Town. At this time, the West Route Army had completely failed. On March 12, the West Route Army suffered heavy losses at Liyuankou and retreated into the Qilian Mountains. Xu Xiangqian and Chen Changhao, the leaders of the West Route Army, called the Central Military Commission and reported: "...the entire army is less than five regiments. Fight to the death with mules and horses." "Seventy percent of them are wounded and sick. They are fighting day and night, and their ammunition is almost exhausted. Fatigue is too great, and it is not easy to control the fortress. Now the whole army is desperate for help. I hope to cooperate with the counterattack quickly. ①In When the Western Aid Army could not arrive quickly, the rest of the West Route Army retreated to Shiwo, south of Kanglong Temple in Qilian Mountains, on March 14, and was attacked by enemy cavalry again, causing heavy casualties. According to Chen Changhao's suggestion, the Military and Political Committee, Decision: The main leading cadres left the army and returned to the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia base area; the remaining 2,000 people were divided into two detachments and went deep into the Qilian Mountains to fight guerrillas. The detachments led by Wang Shusheng and Bi Zhanyun (Chief of Staff of the Fifth Red Army) were pursued by the enemy, and most of them died (Red Nine Sun Yuqing, the commander of the army, was captured and died in Xining), and a small number of personnel scattered back to the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia base area. A detachment led by Li Xiannian of more than 1,000 people marched westward along the Qilian Mountains. After more than 40 days of hard marching and fighting, the rest 437 people arrived at Xingxing Gorge at the junction of Gansu and Xinjiang at the end of April. On May 1, representatives of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Chen Yun and Teng Daiyuan led a car convoy and took them to Dihua (now Urumqi). After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, this The troops returned to the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia base in batches to participate in the War of Resistance Against Japan. When the Western Aid Army arrived at Zhenyuan, they received news of the failure of the West Route Army.According to Comrade Yang Guoyu's recollection: "On March 5, when we departed from Chunhua and Sanyuan, Shaanxi, and walked to Zhenyuan in eastern Gansu, the headquarters of the Western Aid Army held a cadre meeting with more than one company here. At the meeting, a telegram from the West Route Army was read out, It is said that the West Route Army has already reached Qilian Mountains. After many brutal and bloody battles and repeated setbacks, they have no way to go to Kanglong Temple in Qilian Mountains. They have reached the point where they have run out of ammunition and food. As soon as the telegram was read, there was a burst of crying in the meeting room. Some comrades burst into tears, and Comrade Liu Bocheng couldn’t continue his speech. What a good army, some of them were workers and peasants who were rushed out from the Jute Riot and the Shangnan Uprising. Some are guerrilla athletes who once shocked eastern Sichuan, and some are strong fighters who have been tempered from the flames of war in the Central Soviet Area. What about heartbroken? After crying a lot, Comrades Zhang Hao and Comrade Liu Bocheng both spoke, consoling us to turn our grief into strength. The failure of the West Route Army is still partial, and the domestic situation is still good. Encourage everyone to reorganize our troops Well, if you want to work hard, the flames of revolution will always burn more and more. After some persuasion from the chief, the mood of the troops was calmed down." ① Since then, the West Aid Army has followed the order of the Central Military Commission, stopped its westward advance, and stationed in Zhenyuan.The distribution of the troops is as follows: the headquarters of the Western Aid Army and its accompanying school are stationed in Zhenyuan County, the Fourth Red Army is stationed in Tunzi Town, the Red Twenty-eight Army is stationed in Kaibian, the Red Thirty-one Army is stationed in Pingquan, Zhongyuan, and Xincheng. The 32nd Red Army and the 1st Cavalry Regiment dispersed to garrison Sancha, Taiping, Mengba, and Maqu.During the garrison of the Western Aid Army in Zhenyuan, it mainly carried out the following aspects of work: First, actively carry out the work of responding to and rescuing the lost and captured personnel of the West Route Army. Zhenyuan is located on the north side of the Xilan Highway, the west gate of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Base Area, close to the important towns of Pingliang and Jingchuan on the Xilan Highway.After the West Route Army dispersed the guerrillas, the soldiers who sneaked back to Yan'an had to pass through this place. When the Ma Jiajun escorted the captured West Route Army soldiers to the Nanjing government, they also had to pass through Pingliang and Jingchuan.Taking advantage of favorable geographical conditions, the Western Aid Army established secret reception stations in the county seat, Pingquan, Zhongyuan, and Xincheng on the one hand, and on the other hand, the Political Department sent a large number of liaison personnel to try to meet them in Jingchuan, Pingliang, Guyuan, and along the Xilan Highway. The lost West Route Army personnel, and wrote and posted slogan notices, instructing the lost personnel to find the route and location to contact the Red Army. Under the support and cover of the West Aid Army, many lost members of the West Route Army successfully returned to the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia base area and returned to the embrace of the party. Xu Xiangqian, the commander-in-chief of the West Route Army, disguised himself as a commoner in Hexi to do business, and returned alone.After going through setbacks and risks, he came to Zhenyuan with the help of the West Aid Army. After returning to Yan'an in August 1937, he was cordially received and encouraged by Mao Zedong, and then was sent to the anti-Japanese front line. Deputy commander and chief of staff, president of the Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political University. Wang Shusheng, the deputy commander-in-chief of the West Route Army, returned to Yan'an after the right detachment led by the West Route Army was disbanded. Li Jukui, Chief of Staff of the Ninth Army of the West Route Army, returned to the old area of ​​Longdong to beg for food.During the Anti-Japanese War, he served as chief of staff of the 129th Division and 386th Brigade of the Eighth Route Army, commander and political commissar of the Anti-Japanese Advance Column. Du Yide, commander of the cavalry division of the West Route Army, returned to the border area with Wang Shusheng.During the Anti-Japanese War, he served as the vice principal of the camp school of the 129th Division of the Eighth Route Army and the brigade commander of the New Fourth Brigade. Zheng Weishan, political commissar of the 88th Division of the 30th Army of the West Route Army, escaped from death and returned to Yan'an.During the War of Resistance Against Japan, he served as political commissar and head of the teaching regiment of the Jinchaji Military Region, deputy commander and commander of the Fourth Military Division.During the Liberation War, he served as the commander of the 63rd Army of the People's Liberation Army and led the troops to sweep the Hexi Corridor.He was one of the few generals in the West Route Army who had the honor to personally participate in the liberation of the Hexi Corridor. Zhu Liangcai, head of the West Route Army Teaching Corps and political commissar, returned to Yan'an and served as deputy director and director of the Political Department of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Military Region. Ouyang Yi, director of the Fifth Bureau of the West Route Army Headquarters, used his good handwriting to become a "confucian beggar" and made a lot of money, and finally returned to the border area.After the Anti-Japanese War, he served as the Secretary-General of the Anti-Japanese War and the Deputy Minister of the Anti-rape Department of the Military Commission. We don't need to list the names of the soldiers of the West Route Army who sporadically returned to the border area with the help of the West Army.The above facts fully prove that the rescue work of the Western Aid Army was very effective, and it protected a large number of talents for the party in the war of resistance. In addition to working hard to meet the soldiers of the West Route Army who returned to the border area sporadically, the Aid Army also actively rescued those captured soldiers of the West Route Army. In late May 1937, the reception station of the Western Aid Army received accurate information: the Kuomintang Lanzhou Concentration Camp had captured more than 1,300 soldiers of the West Route Army, organized them into an officer team (more than 130 people) and a soldier team (more than 1,200 people), and will escort them to Xi'an.The Western Aid Army immediately sent a large number of scouts along the Sealand Highway, ready to rescue them on the way. When the Kuomintang army escorted the captured soldiers of the West Route Army through Sishilipu in Pingliang, the scouts of the Western Aid Army disguised themselves as tea sellers, "guokui" steamed buns, and chasers, scattered in Pingliang to Sishili. The scouts skillfully approached the captured soldiers of the West Route Army.Put the contact signal and money in the "guokui" bun and "sell" them to the captured soldiers.After the captured soldiers of the West Route Army received the pot helmet, they opened it and saw that the note in the middle read: "East of Shisilipu is the guerrilla zone", and the signature read "Scout of the Western Aid Army".The captured soldiers were very happy when they saw such a note.They also secretly sent messages to each other, and agreed to disperse and flee to Zhenyuan at Sishipu that night.It just so happened that there was a lot of wind and rain that night. Under the support and leadership of the liaison personnel of the Western Aid Army, the officers and some soldiers escaped from Sishipu that night, crossed the Jing River, climbed up Caofengyuan, crossed Panyangjian and returned to the village. The station of the Zhenyuan Aid to the West Army.Some soldiers of the soldier team failed to return to the team because they could not be contacted.Among those returning to the team were Fang Qiang, who later served as the Organization Minister of the Military Commission and Deputy Political Commissar of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Remaining Corps; Under the rescue of the West Army, "the number of separated personnel who broke out from the West Route Army returned to the team one after another, and the number of people who were taken back after being captured was still quite a few. There were thousands of them in total." ①According to Geng Biao's recollection, the Fourth Red Army alone Rescued and rescued more than 2,000 soldiers of the West Route Army. ②.Commander Liu Bocheng and political commissar Zhang Hao went to visit all the officers and soldiers of the West Route Army who were rescued and rescued. "Come back to see one by one, come back to see a group, and express welcome and condolences to them.... Comrade Liu Bocheng praised the vast number of commanders and fighters of the West Route Army for fighting bloody battles with enemies that were several times their own. Their performance is very heroic." Cadres and soldiers also treated the returned soldiers of the West Route Army as their own flesh and blood, brothers, and gave them haircuts, bathes, and changes of clothes, and warmly received them.Under the careful care of the soldiers returning from the West Route Army, they put on new clothes and modified their "facade". They looked like many years younger all of a sudden. Let's talk about the bitterness and suffering of the past together, and return with laughter and victory. ④ In order to let the returning commanders and fighters of the West Route Army keep abreast of the rapidly changing domestic situation and the party's policy of the Anti-Japanese National United Front, Commander Liu Bocheng, Political Commissar Zhang Hao, and Director Song Renqiong of the West Army Aid Army also gave lectures and reports to the returning commanders and fighters.Talk about the current international and domestic situation and the tasks of the party.Explained in detail the meaning, principles and policies of the party's anti-Japanese national united front, explained the significance of peacefully resolving the "Xi'an Incident" and why Chiang Kai-shek was released, so that the returning commanders and fighters of the West Route Army who were far away from the central government and were busy fighting did not study hard. I have received a very profound education and gained a further understanding of the party's correct line under the new situation.Commander Liu Bocheng also specifically explained to the returning cadres and soldiers Zhang Guotao's various crimes of opposing the party, splitting the Red Army, undermining the policy of going north to resist Japan, and persecuting Commander-in-Chief Zhu.Point out; "Zhang Guotao is a consistent right-leaning opportunist. His mistakes have caused serious losses to the party and the Chinese revolutionary cause, especially the failure of the heroic West Route Army." For the returning West Route Army personnel, the Political Department of the Western Aid Army followed the instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and quickly conducted a review and screening.Except for a few who did indeed have traitors, all of them were trusted, and the party's life was quickly restored, and work was redistributed.The results of the Western Aid Army’s examination of the returning personnel of the West Route Army proved that when the West Route Army failed, the commanders and fighters of the Red Army fought bravely, and the vast majority of comrades performed well. They were loyal to the party and the people. Under the special circumstances of the collapse of the army, it is inevitable that some comrades will be captured by the enemy.The fact-based review work of the West Aid Army has protected the precious wealth of the party, and enabled the returning personnel to happily move to their new posts and make contributions to the party and the people in their new posts.History has proved that the response and rescue work of the Western Aid Army made an indelible contribution to the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. Second, carry out in-depth work of exposing and criticizing Zhang Guotao's mistakes in the Western Aid Army, and help the commanders and fighters draw a clear line from their mistakes and eliminate their influence. The Fourth Army and the Thirty-first Army of the Western Aid Army belonged to the Red Fourth Front Army.Because Zhang Guotao's mistakes had a long-term influence on the Red Fourth Front Army, and the lingering poison was deep, therefore, in the aid of the West Army, Zhang Guotao's right-leaning separatist mistakes were exposed and criticized in depth, and the cadres and soldiers were helped to improve their ideological awareness, distinguish right from wrong, and eliminate the influence. become an important political task. On March 31, 1937, after the "Decision on Zhang Guotao's Mistakes" issued by the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Western Aid Army immediately held the first meeting of party activists to conduct mobilization and deployment to criticize Zhang Guotao's right-leaning separatist mistakes. In April, Ren Bishi was entrusted by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to come to Zhenyuan County, where the Western Aid Army was stationed, and formally conveyed the decision of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee. .During the study campaign, Liu Bocheng, Zhang Hao and other military and political leaders strictly insisted on distinguishing the cadres and soldiers of the Red Fourth Front Army from Zhang Guotao and his mistakes, insisted on positive education, insisted on presenting facts and reasoning, adhered to the principle of being gentle and gentle, and treated momentary thoughts The cadres and soldiers who couldn't turn the corner were patiently persuaded, never held criticism meetings, and never punished anyone.In view of the fact that 80 to 90 percent of soldiers are uneducated, the specific learning method adopts a combination of conference reports, group discussions, and individual heart-to-heart talks.Learning to criticize activities will come to an end by the end of June.Through learning and exposing and criticizing, the cadres and soldiers of the Western Aid Army drew a clear line with Zhang Guotao's mistakes, improved their ideological understanding, and inspired their spirits.On this basis, Commander Liu Bocheng paid close attention to the construction of various systems in the army, rectified and strengthened military discipline, established and improved various systems, and strengthened military training. All troops conducted exercises, practiced marching actions, and assembled in an emergency , Marching at night, etc., the combat effectiveness of the troops has been improved, and ideological and military preparations have been made for the War of Resistance Against Japan.Later, this unit of the Western Aid Army became the basic unit of the 129th Division of the Eighth Route Army during the Anti-Japanese War, and became the backbone and foundation of Liu Deng's army during the War of Liberation, making important contributions to the victory of the Chinese revolution. Third, actively carry out the Anti-Japanese National Salvation Movement. The Western Aid Army carried out extensive publicity and organization of the masses in Zhenyuan and other areas, expanded the work of the Red Army, and sent cadres to the local Kuomintang army to carry out propaganda and education work for anti-Japanese and national salvation, and established a friendly united front with the Kuomintang county government and all walks of life relations and enlist the broad masses to participate in the anti-Japanese struggle.At that time, the county magistrate of Zhenyuan County of the Kuomintang actively cooperated with the Red Army and supported the Anti-Japanese War after fighting for it with the aid of the Western Army. He also did a lot of useful work in raising food and grass for the Red Army.With the support and cooperation of the Kuomintang county government and people from all walks of life, the Western Aid Army also carried out extensive democratic movement activities, established anti-Japanese salvation associations and anti-Japanese self-defense forces at all levels, and developed a large number of CCP members on this basis. Central Plains, Xincheng and other places have established grass-roots party organizations, laying a solid foundation for the establishment of the Zhenyuan County Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Zhenyuan Anti-Japanese Democratic Government.Under the slogan of "contributing with strength, giving money with money", the West Aid Army also mobilized the local people to donate a large amount of military rations and other materials for the anti-Japanese activities.Only the investigation and statistics of the three townships of Tunzi, Shangxiao, and Shuguang show that the Fourth Army of the Western Aid Army mobilized the masses to donate and borrow 1.5 million jin of military rations in the above three townships, which ensured the needs of the troops. 3. The anti-Japanese and national salvation activities carried out by the central instructors of the Red Army in the Qingyang and Huanxian areas of Longdong The Central Instructor of the Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Red Army is also known as the third department of the Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Red Army University.Founded in June 1936, its basic mission is to train military cadres at the training class and platoon level. In July, the central instructor of the Red Army moved from Wayaobao to Mubo area in Quzi County. Zhou Kun, the instructor of the Central Committee, Yuan Guoping, the political commissar, Guo Huaruo, the head of education, and Luo Guibo, the director of the Political Department.Training Minister Su Jin.Under the jurisdiction of the first regiment, head Yang Bozheng, political commissar Liao Haiguang; second regiment head Pi Dingjun, political commissar Huang Hua, third regiment head Huang Yanbin, political commissar Huang Oudong; special task force chief Wei Guoqing, political commissar Chen Renqi .There are more than 800 students in total. When the teachers of the central government were stationed in Mubo, the Quzi area had just been liberated in the Western Expedition, and the political organization had not yet been established and sound. Several groups of bandit forces were running around, attacking local cadres and the Red Army, robbing the people's property, and disturbing social order. Trying to subvert the people's power in the new Soviet area.On the Maling and Qingyang lines south of Mubo, the Northeast Army of the Kuomintang is still stationed.According to the characteristics of this complex social environment, the central instructors proposed three important tasks at that time: (1) study and training; (2) maintain social order, eliminate banditry, publicize and mobilize the masses, and help establish and improve local political power; (3) Prevent the invasion of the Northeast Army on the southern front, and gradually contact it to carry out united front work. Since the central tutor is also the third subject of the Anti-Japanese University, so.Teaching is its most important job.Mao Zedong once instructed: "Three subjects of cultural education (the development of literacy, composition, reading books and newspapers, etc.) are one of the most important and fundamental parts of the entire education plan." ①In the education and training work, the central instructors follow the educational policy of "firm and correct political direction, hard and simple work style, flexible and flexible strategy and tactics", and pay equal attention to politics and military affairs, and pay equal attention to cultural learning and training. Carry out teaching activities.The content of the study includes the basic theory of Marxism-Leninism, issues of the Chinese revolution, anti-Japanese guerrilla warfare, and general military knowledge.Special emphasis is placed on political and ideological education, requiring theory to be integrated with practice, while studying, fighting, and working. There is also a great feature of the teaching of the central tutors, that is, from the teacher to the leaders at all levels, they are both students and teachers.当时正是内战基本停止抗战还未开始，中央教导师即抓住这个难得的宝贵时机，集中了一批指挥员及政治工作人员在这里进行学习：除课堂教学外，教导师还很重视在日常生活中的讲话，每周的生活检讨会，每次的首长报告，每个节日的活动，以及春耕夏耘秋收冬藏的生产劳动等等活动中，潜移默化地改造着学员们的人生观，价值观及道德情操。 中央教导师的全体干部学员的教学和生活完全是按照毛泽东给抗大确定的“团结、紧张、严肃、活泼”的校风去实践的。先说“团结”一教导师的学员来自五湖四海。出身、年龄、经历都很不同，但他们在一起学习、战斗、生活，确实极少发生不团结的现象。在这个革命大熔炉里，野蛮的也变得文明了；骄傲的也变得谦逊了；自私的也变得大公了；狭隘的也变得开朗了。人与人之间的关系是真诚而友爱的。即使发生问题，通过及时批评与自我批评都得到解决。在这里，批评与自我批评就成了家常便饭。后说“紧张”…教导师学员的学习、生活同红军战斗部队战士的训练、生活一样。一天时间里，白天上课，晚上讨论，午休时间必须休息，游戏时间又多是集体活动，星期日常有背粮、背柴、浇地、锄草等劳动。在教导师看不见悠哉游哉的散漫现象。再次谈一谈“严肃”——教导师的训练及日常生活，都是严格地按照红军的肯关条令、条例进行的。违犯条令、条例的必须严格处理。在这里非常讲究政治、立场、原则，讲究认真负责，一丝不苟。但在政治上、经济上及教学上又提倡民主作风。最后说一下“活泼”——它是最突出地表现在文化娱乐和体育活动方面。整天歌声不断，早操后、上课前、吃饭前、点名前，歌咏委员都要抓紧机会教歌或唱歌。大队集合听报告，那就更热闹了，各队互相拉歌，唱歌声、拉歌声、鼓掌声，此起彼伏响成一片，热火朝天；各队在一期的学习中都要组织几次文艺晚会，节目丰富多彩，活跃了学员们的生活。 中央教导师在完成培训干部任务的同时，还注意开展地方工作，发动群众，广泛团结各阶层的群众，为陇东地区抗日救亡运动的发展作出了积极的贡献。 “西安事变”后，驻守在庆阳县城的东北军一0九师撤往西安，中央教导师当即移往庆阳城接防，1937年春，教导师与红二、四方面军的两个随营学校合并组成抗大第二校，3月改称“抗大步兵学校”，对外则仍称红军中央教导师，学员扩大到1400余人。 在红军教导师进驻庆阳后不久，以蔡畅为首的陕甘宁省委工作团也来到了庆阳县城。红军教导师除完成自身的教学训练任务外，还与省委工作团互相配合，开展了轰轰烈烈的群众抗日爱国运动。 在当时，庆阳县城是陇东的一个古老城镇，经济、文化相对比较发达，但同时由于长期的封建统治，封建文化传统观念根深蒂固，阶级矛盾尖锐。城内有所谓的“八大家”，他们霸占着大片土地，又都开着商号，其中的首富是封建官僚地主冯翊清。在封建势力的压迫下，广大人民群众生活贫困，政治热情被压制。在红军教导师进驻庆阳后，国民党在城内还设有区政府。设在西峰的国民党庆阳县政府也派其民政科长在这里“督导工作”。在国民党和封建势力的控制下，群众一时不敢接近红军教导师。针对这种情况，红军教导师首先扎根群众，进行深入细致的民情调查，在此基础上开展发动群众。宣传群众的工作。教导师设立了问事处，负责接待来访并解答群众提出的各种问题。同时，四处张贴占标语，宣传抗日救国的道理，征求对红军的意见。在群众发动起来之后，1937年元旦，教导师和陕甘宁省委联合发起成立了“庆阳县民众抗日运动指导委员会”。蔡畅任主任。经过一段时间的发动串联，团结了一批抗日积极分子，又成立了“庆阳县各界抗日救国联合会。”陆为公任主任，下设贫民、工人、青年、妇女、商民等各界抗日会。还办起了“庆阳县民教馆”，采取出板报、办夜校、识字班等活动，广泛开展抗日宣传，帮助青年学文化。在教导师女战士的带动和蔡畅的直接领导下。庆阳县的妇女运动开展得有声有色，红军发动妇女学文化，放足，废除童养媳陋习，争取男女平等，参加抗日运动，这些活动深受广大青年妇女的欢迎。在红军的影响和教育下，许多青年妇女后来走上了革命道路。为了打击封建势力，从思想上进一步发动群众，掀起抗日救亡运动的新高潮，1937年4月，红军教导师和陕甘宁省委工作团，还发动和领导了庆阳人民开展了一场“反冯斗争”。当时庆阳豪绅冯翊清依仗官府、勾结土匪，包揽诉讼，贪污赈款，鱼肉群众。红军教导师民运科和庆阳县各界抗日救国联合会在深入调查，掌握大量罪证的基础上，首先与国民党甘肃省第三行政督察专员公署交涉，开展了有理有节的斗争，逼其与红军合作成立了“冯案检查委员会”。1937年4月71日，红军教导师根据掌握的确凿事实，将冯翊靖等6名豪绅逮捕，并通电南京政府，免致掣肘。当时冯翊清之弟在国民党南京政府任参议员，在国民党各级政府势力和影响较大，因此，国民党对冯案采取了包庇的态度。4月14日，教导师召开了3000余人的声讨大会，抗议国民党南京政府和甘肃省府包庇冯案，、市民也纷纷游行罢市，表示支持。在群众斗争和社会舆论的压力下，国民党政府最终不得不同意“组织会审，就地结案”。5月7，日，经开庭会审，正式判处冯翊清等3名豪绅有期徒刑10一15年。“反冯斗争”的胜利，进一步发动了群众，使人民群众认清了自己的力量，团结抗日的力量进一步加强。 抗日战争爆发后，红军中央教导师改为八路军总部随营学校，韦国清任校长，张平凯后任政治委员，开赴山西抗日前线。 总之，“西安事变”后，红军各部队在陇东经过半年的集中准备，士气高昂，兵强马壮，为出师抗日，实现由国内战争到抗日战争的战略转变，提供了可靠的保证。同时红军各部队在陇东地区开展的抗日救亡活动进一步地发动了人民，推动了陇东地区抗日统一战线局面的形成。使陇东地区成为八路军敌后抗战的战略后方。