Chapter 8 Chapter VII The Third Anti-"Encirclement and Suppression" War

In August 1935, in order to wipe out the Shaanxi-Gansu Revolutionary Base, Chiang Kai-shek mobilized 100,000 troops in five routes to launch the third counter-revolutionary "encirclement and suppression" against the Shaanxi-Gansu Base. Adopted the strategic policy of concentrating the main force of the Red Army, taking advantage of the enemy's contradictions, avoiding the strong and attacking the weak, and finally defeating the enemy one by one, thus achieving preliminary victories in the anti-"encirclement and suppression" war. The "Leftist" adventurism of the Ming Dynasty expanded viciously in the Shaanxi-Gansu base areas, brewing the disaster of the wrong "suppression of counter-revolutionaries", causing serious difficulties in the anti-"encirclement and suppression" war, and putting the Shaanxi-Gansu base areas in a very dangerous situation. At this critical juncture of life and death, the Party Central Committee and Mao Zedong led the Central Red Army to the Shaanxi-Gansu base area and won the victory in the battle of Zhiluo Town.At the same time, the Party Central Committee promptly corrected and stopped Wang Ming's "left" adventurists' mistaken "elimination of counter-revolutionaries" in the Shaanxi-Gansu base areas, eliminated the crisis situation faced by the base areas, and ensured the consolidation and development of the Shaanxi-Gansu base areas, thereby Make the Shaanxi-Gansu base area the foothold of the National Red Army's Long March and the starting point of the Anti-Japanese War.

1. The beginning of the third anti-"encirclement and suppression" war in the Shaanxi-Gansu base area In August 1935, Chiang Kai-shek ignored the national crisis after the "North China Incident" and stubbornly adhered to the counter-revolutionary policy of "to fight against the outside world, we must first settle the inside". After the failure, a larger-scale third military "encirclement and suppression" campaign was launched to the Shaanxi-Gansu base area, in an attempt to wipe out the Northwest Red Army and the only remaining revolutionary base in the country before the Central Red Army's long march reached northern Shaanxi.This time the "encirclement and suppression" was on a larger scale, successively mobilizing troops from the Northeast Army, Central Army, warlords Jing Yuexiu, Yang Hucheng, Ma Hongkui, Li Guiqing, and Mao Kan's staff The regiment has as many as 150,000 troops for the front line alone.In order to unify the command of this "encirclement and suppression", the Kuomintang reactionaries established the "Northwest Communist Suppression" headquarters in Xi'an on November 1, 1935. Chiang Kai-shek himself served as the commander-in-chief, Qian Dajun was the chief of staff, and Wu Jiaxiang was the secretary-general.There is a Communist Party Office under it, and from November 3, it will start to handle the "communist suppression" matters.The enemy's deployment of troops for encirclement and suppression is as follows: in the east, Yan Xishan's main force of the Jin army launched an east-to-west attack on the Shaanxi-Gansu revolutionary base along the Yellow River; In addition, eight divisions of the Northeast Army were deployed to advance to the base areas along the line from Huanxian, Qingyang, Heshui to Binxian and Changwu; Mizhi, Hengshan, Shenmu and other places were stationed; in the south, the 67th Army, the main force of the Northeast Army, and other units aggressively attacked the base areas along the Luochuan line.Chiang Kai-shek's combat policy in this encirclement and suppression campaign was to use the Northeast Army as the main force of the battle, and the southern line of the base area as the main attack direction, using the tactics of advancing south and blocking the north, and attacking from east to west, in an attempt to gather and annihilate the main force of the Northwest Red Army in the Shaanxi-Gansu area, destroying the enemy in one fell swoop. Shaanxi-Gansu base.

Faced with the serious situation of Chiang Kai-shek's large-scale "encirclement and suppression" this time, although the Red Army has made great progress after the second victory in the "encirclement and suppression" campaign, its weapons and equipment have been greatly improved. Each infantry company is equipped with six There are machine guns, and three mortar companies have also been established. Each artillery company is equipped with 4 mortars, but the situation of the enemy is strong and we are weak has not changed.The total strength of the Red Army and the guerrillas was less than 10,000, which was only one-fifteenth of the enemy's. Moreover, the second anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign had just ended, and the Red Army had not been well repaired.Under such circumstances, what kind of anti-"encirclement and suppression" policy to adopt is a very important issue.On the issue of operational policy, there were two different opinions at that time.One kind of opinion is that the Red Army adopts mobile warfare, combined with the method of positional warfare, and attacks across the board to attack strongholds such as Yan'an, Qingjian, and Wayaobao; , Take advantage of the enemy's contradictions, avoid the strong and attack the weak to defeat the enemy one by one.In order to unify the thinking, on July 21, the former enemy general headquarters led the main corps of the Red Army to gather in the Yangjiayuan area, preparing to rest for a whole day before fighting again.Here, Liu Zhidan was anxious that cadres above the regiment and above the main force of the Red Army held a military meeting against "encirclement and suppression" to study the strategic and tactical principles and military deployment of the anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign.After analyzing the enemy's situation at the meeting, Liu Zhidan pointed out that the enemy mobilized such a large force that it seemed powerful, but it also had weaknesses. Due to the limitations of transportation roads and vehicles, and the lack of food and grass, all warlords had plans to preserve their strength and territory.The enemy's "encirclement and suppression" operations on all fronts cannot be completely coordinated. Therefore, the timing of the enemy's mobilization and deployment of troops cannot be uniform.This provided conditions for the Red Army to concentrate its main force and wipe out the enemies one by one.

Based on this, the former enemy general headquarters of Liuhe Bullet decided to concentrate the main force of the Red Army, take advantage of the enemy's gaps, and defeat them one by one. First, attack Yan Xishan's vanguard troops that extended into our base area along the eastern front, defeat Yan Xishan's plot to cross the Yellow River in the west, and then send troops southward. The first part of the army smashed the enemy's entire "encirclement and suppression" campaign.In order to cooperate with the combat operations of the main corps of the Northwest Red Army, the First Regiment of the Red 26th Army and the Cavalry Regiment continued to fight in the Soviet area south of Luohe and on the east and west sides of Xianyu Avenue, carrying out guerrilla warfare to contain and delay the enemy's movement on the southern front. The guerrilla troops and Red Guards in various guerrilla areas carried out extensive guerrilla warfare.Attacked the transportation team of the enemy's supplies, the storage and transfer stations of grain, grass and weapons, and harassed and contained the enemy's actions on the western front.

Under the correct guidance of the Northwest Military Commission and the former enemy general headquarters, the Northwest Red Army's main army corps, guerrillas, and people in the base areas were united and ready to fight against "encirclement and suppression".Taking advantage of the fact that the enemy's entire "encirclement and suppression" deployment had not yet been completed, the Northwest Red Army's main force corps preemptively attacked the vanguard of the Jin army's ears crossing the Yellow River westward. August 10th.Liu Zhidan adopted the tactics of "surrounding the spot and fighting for aid".Suddenly sent troops to Wubao to surround the enemy in Mujiayuan stronghold.Lure the enemy troops from the three strongholds of Songjiachuan, Xinjiagou, and Guojiagou to come to help, and annihilate the enemy troops during the movement.According to the unified deployment, the third regiment of the Red 26th Army launched an attack on the stronghold of the Jin army in Mujiayuan. Because the enemy relied on the bunkers to resist, the Red Army's attacks were frustrated several times, so the regiment leader Wang Shiqin formed a commando team of 130 soldiers. At the same time, one battalion and two companies of the enemy's Jin army, supported by the three strongholds of Songjiachuan, Xinjiagou, and Guojiagou, were all defeated. The Red Army troops surrounded and annihilated.In this battle, six enemy companies and more than 600 people were wiped out, and 600 long and short guns were captured.The first battle was won.The machine hit inspired the fighting spirit of the soldiers and civilians in the base area, and the soldiers and civilians celebrated together and told each other.The enemy suffered a sudden blow.Terrified, he mistakenly believed that Liu Zhidan was about to fall to the Northwest Red Army's main corps, and went north to the priest's area. He hurriedly increased troops on both sides of the Yellow River to strengthen the defense, and was always ready to fight.

According to the characteristics of the enemy's situation, Liu Zhidan and the former enemy general headquarters decided to use the enemy's illusion, put up slogans, three flyers, hold a meeting, and threatened to go north to open up Tongjia (county), Wu (fort), Shen (wood), and Fu (valley) Soviet areas. connect.Using illusions to cause mistakes in the deployment of the enemy's troops, the main force of the Northwest Red Army secretly sent troops southward, looking for opportunities to fight again. On August 11, when the main corps of the Northwest Red Army marched southward under the leadership of Liu Zhidan to the Yishangping area of ​​Suide County, they received a letter of instruction written by Zhu Lizhi and Nie Hongjun in the name of the Northwest Working Committee.The letter demanded that the main corps of the Red Army develop northwards, turn to attack the enemy's fortress area, annihilate the 258th Brigade of the 86th Division of the enemy, open up the connection between the Jia, Wu, Shen, and Fu Soviet areas, and request the Northwest Red Army's main corps to escort the northern Shaanxi Soviet area A group of party and government cadres including Comrades Huo and Weide, Vice Chairman of the Soviet Government, went to the Shenfu Soviet Area to carry out work.

On August 12, the former enemy general headquarters immediately held a meeting to conduct research. The meeting concluded that the enemy had misjudged that the main force of the Northwest Red Army had gone north to Shenfu, and had already made preparations to block the main force of the Red Army. Although it is possible to fight on the march, it is bound to pay a great price in casualties. In addition, if the enemy finds that the main force of the Northwest Red Army goes north to the Shenfu area, they will mobilize Wayaobao to defend the enemy and the enemy troops in Qingjian County to go straight to Shuiping Town. Attacked the rear organs in the Shaanxi-Gansu base area.Party and government leading organs will suffer threats and losses.Under such circumstances, it is a kind of miscalculation that is fundamentally upside-down to abandon the aggressive Jin army and not fight, and to spend long distances with the enemy's 86th Division in the enemy's fortress area.Accordingly, this.The former enemy headquarters decided not to implement the instructions of the northern delegation and the Northwest Working Committee for the time being.The main corps of the Northwest Red Army continued to go south, looking for opportunities to attack the Jin army, and asked Huo Weide and other party and government cadres to return to Yongping Town temporarily.

In mid-August, Liu Zhidan and the former enemy general headquarters led the main force of the Northwest Red Army to continue southward, and encountered an enemy battalion on the bank of Yanjia. The Red Army defeated it and wiped out a group of enemies. Xinzhuang area.At this time, Yan Xishan's Jin army Sun Chu and Li Shengda threw more than 2,500 people and crossed the Yellow River from Songjiachuan.Arrive at Wubao to find the main force of the Red Army for a decisive battle, when the enemy's invasion and suppression troops arrived at Dingxianyuan.Actively prepare to build fortifications.Fight against the Red Army.At this time, the former enemy general headquarters decided to take advantage of the enemy's unstable foothold and adopt the tactics of "surrounding the point to fight for aid" to destroy the enemy.So he ordered the main force of the second regiment of the Red Twenty-sixth Army to rush to Dingxiankou quickly, together with the guerrillas and the Red Guards, surrounded a battalion of the defending enemy, and attracted the enemy to come to help.Surrounded by the main force of the Red Army, guerrillas, and Red Guards, a battalion defending Dingxianqiao was starving and fearful, and could not even get water.It is also difficult to burn firewood for food.Shi Zebo, the commander of the battalion defending the enemy, complained day and night, begging to send troops for help or to take them out of the encirclement.At this time, the Third Regiment of the Red Twenty-Sixth Army, the Northwest Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army, and the First and Second Regiments of the Red Twenty-seventh Army, which belonged to the main force of the Northwest Red Army, were in ambush on the only way to aid the enemy, preparing to encircle and wipe out Yuan Jun. On August 20, Ma Yanshou, the third brigade commander of the Li Shengda Department of the Jin Army, led the sixth regiment from Zaoyuan to come for reinforcements. Blocking the enemy's advance, the 3rd Regiment of the Red 26th Army and the Northwest Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army attacked from both wings, occupied the commanding heights, and tried an unstoppable flanking action against the enemy's marching column.The first and second regiments of the Red 27th Army also intercepted the enemy in a roundabout way, preventing them from retreating and escaping.Under the three-sided attack of the Red Army, the enemy concentrated the mortars and light and heavy machine guns of the whole regiment, and stormed the position of the second regiment of the Red Twenty-six Army, trying to move closer to Dingxiankou.The Second Regiment of the Red Twenty-Sixth Army withstood the enemy's attack, and made the commando boldly intervene to disrupt the formation of the enemy's vanguard battalion.The main corps of the Northwest Red Army pushed the enemy to the bottom of the ditch. The Red Army soldiers, Red Guards, and local people bravely went down to the ditch to catch the enemy. The fierce fighting lasted until 2 o'clock in the afternoon. Except for a few enemies who fled in disguise, all of them were wiped out.In this battle, the Red Army wiped out more than 2,000 enemies and seized 1,980 long and short guns.There are 69 light machine guns, 2 "August 2" mortars, more than 80 mules and horses, and a batch of other military supplies.The Battle of Dingshangao created a glorious record in the history of the Northwest Red Army.This battle defeated the enemy's attack on the Eastern Front. The Jin army withdrew to the Yellow River except for a part of its troops staying on the two blockade lines from Songjiachuan to Zaolinping, Shiduishan to Suide Sansilipu. On the east bank, so far, the threat on the eastern front in the Shaanxi-Gansu base area has been completely lifted, and the main force of the Northwest Red Army can deal with the enemy's actions on the southern front with more confidence and boldness.

After the Battle of Ding Shan Ke, the main corps of the Northwest Red Army quickly moved south according to the combat plan of the former enemy general headquarters, preparing to approach the enemy's Northeast Army on the southern line and look for opportunities to fight. August 25.Instead of resting and reorganizing in the area of ​​Wen'an Station that arrived in Yanchuan, short-term tactical and technical training was carried out, and various preparations for operations on the southern front were carried out. At this time, Zhu Lizhi, Secretary of the Central Delegation to the Northwest and Secretary of the Northwest Working Committee, came to Wen'an Station. On August 27, the former enemy commander-in-chief held a meeting in Wen'anyi. There were two topics for the meeting. Resolution on "Opposing Right Opportunism": The second is to discuss the next operational policy of the main force of the Northwest Red Army.The first topic took three and a half days, and Zhu Lizhi systematically conveyed the "resolution against right opportunism."Regarding Zhu Lizhi's resolution on "opposing right opportunism" and other instructions.Guangren Red Army cadres couldn't understand it, let alone accept it, so they raised a question.Zhu Lizhi not only did not explain the questioning of the army cadres, but believed that it was "a conspiracy arranged by the rightist socialists."

When discussing the next step of the main corps of the Northwest Red Army, Zhu Lizhi, Guo Hongtao and others demanded to "use the Red Army's basic mobile warfare strategy and resolutely attack the enemy in conjunction with positional warfare" and demanded that the Red Army seize Yan'an, Qingjian, and Wayao Fort and other "central" towns, the first is to capture Wayaobao.This was not in line with the actual combat guidelines, and was strongly opposed by Liu Zhidan and most of the Red Army cadres present at the meeting.Liu Zhidan and others believe that the current equipment conditions of the Northwest Red Army cannot undertake the task of capturing the central towns in the form of fortified battles and positional warfare.For the central towns such as Wayaobao, which is heavily garrisoned by the remaining enemies.Only guerrilla units and red guards can be used, and the tactics of long-term siege, division and disintegration, and camera capture can be adopted according to the method of encircling the masses layer by layer.In the face of 150,000 enemy troops: large-scale "encirclement and suppression", the next operational policy of the Northwest Red Army's main force should be to fully command the southern line, seek opportunities to strike at the unstable Northeast Army, and use the anti-Japanese and anti-Chiang propaganda to regain the lost ground in the Northeast To disintegrate the enemy army, carry out extensive guerrilla warfare, continuously annihilate small units of the Northeast Army, annihilate the enemy's regiment-level units in motion, turn small victories into big victories, and finally defeat the enemy's offensive on the southern front. The army will not dare to drive straight in, so the enemy's "encirclement and suppression" will definitely be crushed.Liu Zhidan's insights won the support of the vast number of Red Army cadres, but Zhu Lizhi was stubborn. Finally, he decided to ignore the main force of the enemy's attack on the southern front and ordered the main force of the Northwest Red Army to go ahead. Attack the defenders in Wayaobao and Qingjian County.

After the Wen'an Post meeting, under Zhu Lizhi's coercive order, Liu Zhidan and the former enemy general headquarters were forced to prepare to attack the ears of Wayaobao. sports.At the same time, Liu Zhidan ordered the third regiment of the Red 26th Army to go to the southern line to scout the enemy's situation, conduct small-scale operations, and explore the combat rules and technical equipment of the Northeast Army.Accumulate experience to ensure the victory of the Red Army's main corps in the southward battle. On August 30, the 3rd Regiment of the 26th Red Army, led by regiment leader Huang Luobin and political commissar Luo Peixun, marched south according to Liu Zhidan's deployment and entered the Kunxian area. On September 10, the 110th Division of the Northeast Army and the 3rd Regiment of the Red 26th Army stationed in Longfang Town in the central part were lured out by the close cooperation of the Yufu County Guerrillas and the Ganquan Guerrillas of the 3rd Regiment of the 16th Army of the Red Russian Army. Using ambush tactics, an enemy battalion was wiped out and more than 200 enemies were captured.At this time, it was learned from the captured enemy that after the enemy entered Yan'an, he was preparing to conduct a large-scale "encirclement and suppression" and specific deployment of the main force of the Red Army.The third regiment of the Red Twenty-sixth Army reported the information to the former enemy general headquarters.The former enemy general headquarters immediately ordered the Third Army of the Red 26th Army to transfer to the Xiasiwan area of ​​Luohechuan to gather and stand by. At this time, the main corps of the Northwest Red Army, led by Liu Zhidan, arrived at the outskirts of Wayaobao and assembled for the season.Liu Zhidan personally led the cadres above the regiment to conduct surveys of the fortifications and topography of Wayaobao.After investigation, it was found that Wayaobao was well-defended, and people built a large number of fortifications outside the city.The entire defense system formed a powerful firepower network to support each other. There were pits dug outside the city and the outside of the bunker to connect them into plum blossoms and surround the castle.The pit of each plum blossom ring set is about 30-50 meters wide and 3-5 meters deep. On the bottom of the pit, there are jujube wood pickets, bamboo pickets and non-heeled metal sharp objects.As long as you roll down the pit, your body will be damaged and you will lose your combat effectiveness.The plum blossom pits are all under the control of various firepower from the bunker.After surveying the layout of the enemy's fortifications, Liu Zhidan believed that under the enemy's defense system, it would be useless to attack all the casualties with the Red Army's existing equipment and strength.Hard work Wayaobao, we can only become historical sinners.The Red Army cadres also said in unison that Zhu Lizhi's formulation of such a rigid task would destroy the main force of the Northwest Red Army, and the entire army's commanders and fighters would be killed and killed in vain.After research, Liu Zhidan decided not to carry out the task of storming Wayaobao, but to find another fighter to wipe out the enemy. After giving up the plan to storm Wayaobao, Liu Zhidan investigated the deployment of the enemy's defenses in Qingjian County, and found that Qingjian County has more enemy troops, stronger fortifications, and more dangerous terrain, so it is even more difficult for them to attack by force. Hard attack.Under such circumstances, Liu Zhidan's former enemy general headquarters decided to rush to Hengshan County on the northern line in order to give an explanation and answer to the orders of the Central Delegation in the Northwest and the Northwest Working Committee, taking advantage of the enemy's unpreparedness and annihilating the enemy.After succeeding, the Gaoshuangcheng Department of the enemy's 258th Brigade and its 511th Regiment may retreat without a fight, thereby further consolidating the rear of the base area. It can also contain the enemy's 86th Division's actions against the Shenfu Soviet Area, which is conducive to concentration Force to attack the Northeast Army on the southern front. On September 9, Liu Zhiyue led the main corps of the Northwest Red Army to assemble in the Lujiahe area of ​​Hengshan County, and made preparations for the siege and the formulation of combat plans.Its military strength is as follows: the Red Twenty-sixth Army and the Northwest Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army captured the commanding heights of Nanshan, the second regiment of the Red Twenty-sixth Army and the third column of the northern Shaanxi guerrillas climbed the city from the east of the city, and the second of the Red Twenty-seventh Army The regiment captured the stronghold of Niangniang Temple in the west of the city.The 3rd Regiment of the 27th Red Army went to Boluo Town and Yulin to guard and reconnaissance, and built fortifications to block the enemy who came to help. On September 11, colleagues from various departments of the Northwest Red Army Main Corps launched a sneak attack on Hengshan County.Due to the short ladder, the soldiers failed to ascend the city several times, which caused the enemy to notice the Red Army's ascension, and the Red Army immediately turned to a strong attack.After fierce and repeated struggles, the commanding heights of Nanshan, the fortresses outside the city and Nanguan were all captured by the Red Army, but due to the difficulty of climbing the city, the Red Army did not enter the city.The fierce fighting lasted until the afternoon. Liu Zhidan and the former enemy headquarters immediately ordered to withdraw from the battle in view of the heavy casualties of the cadres.The battle to attack Hengshan County ended immediately.Although the siege of the city was not defeated in this battle, it still achieved the strategic goal of attacking the enemy on the northern front and consolidating the ears of the Soviet area.Under the heavy blow of the Red Army, the enemy's 86th Division was forced to shrink its troops and withdrew part of the troops of the 258th Brigade that "encircled and suppressed" the Shenfu Soviet Area, strengthened the defense of Hengshan City, and relieved the pressure of the Third Independent Regiment and Shenfu's various forces. The pressure from the guerrillas reversed the crisis in the Shenfu Soviet Area.After the war, Liu Zhidan led the main force of the Northwest Red Army to rest and replenish in Qiligou, Yujiawan, and Huangjiachuan in Xiuyan County, preparing for the next combat operation. 2. The entry of the 25th Red Army into the Shaanxi-Gansu base area and the establishment of the 15th Red Army In September 1934, in order to ensure the smooth progress of the Central Red Army's Long March, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to send the 25th Red Army to break through the expedition. The Red Twenty-Fifth Army was originally a sequence of the Red Fourth Front Army. It was established in crisis and grew up in battle. In October 1932, the Red Fourth Front Army failed to smash the enemy's fourth "encirclement and suppression".Withdrew from the Hubei, Henan and Anhui base areas. On November 29, the Hubei, Henan and Anhui provincial committees decided to rebuild the 25th Red Army, which consisted of the 74th and 75th Divisions.In order to oppose the enemy's "encirclement and suppression" and "clearance and suppression" and protect the bases of Hubei, Henan and Anhui, they fought arduously and arduously. On November 16, 1934, in accordance with the instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the 25th Red Army embarked on a journey in the name of "the second advance team of the Chinese Red Army going north to resist Japan". In April 1935, the 25th Red Army established a guerrilla base in the Hubei, Henan and Shaanxi areas.In order to adapt to the new situation, the Provincial Party Committee of Hubei, Henan and Anhui was reorganized into Silkworm of Hubei, Henan and Shaanxi Provinces. At the beginning of May, the enemy concentrated 41 regiments and launched an "encirclement and suppression" campaign against the Hubei-Henan-Shanxi guerrilla bases.The 25th Red Army fought hard. After two months of fighting, they wiped out 7 regiments of the enemy and restrained the strength of 37 regiments of the enemy. The main force of the Red Army also grew to more than 3,700 people. In July, the 25th Red Army crossed mountains and crossed Zhongnan Mountain. The forwards arrived at Wangqu, Duqu, Yinjiahui, and Ziwu Towns in the south of Xi'an, directly threatening Xi'an, the enemy's ruling center in the northwest.During this period, Shi Jianmin, an underground traffic officer in the Hubei, Henan and Anhui base areas, came to the Red Twenty-Five Army Headquarters from Shanghai and reported that the Central Red Army and the Red Fourth Front Army had joined forces in the northwest and were moving northward.This news is basically consistent with the content of a report in the "Huo Gazette" picked up by the Red Army. The Red Army also learned from reconnaissance that the enemy Mao Bingwen and Yu Xuezhong's troops had been transferred from Xi'an to the west in an attempt to intercept them in northern Sichuan.According to this important information, the Hubei-Henan-Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee held an emergency meeting near Ziwu Town to discuss the direction of action of the Red Twenty-Five Army. The 5th and 5th Army immediately went west and marched northward, and cooperated with the 26th Red Army to first strive to consolidate the Shaanxi-Gansu base area, contain and eliminate the enemy, and welcome the Party Central Committee and the 1st and 4th Front Army of the Red Army to advance northward. On July 16, the 25th Red Army set off from Ziwuwu Town and marched westward towards Gansu. The troops marched for more than ten days and passed through various places in southern Shaanxi. On August 1, they occupied Shuangshipu at the junction of Shaanxi and Gansu and wiped out Hu Zongnan 4 companies captured a major general staff officer.From the mouth of the major general's staff, I learned that the vanguard of the Red First and Fourth Front Army has crossed Songpan and is advancing northward.Hu Zongnan's main force has all been transferred westward to stop the attack, and the rear of the Red Army going north is set up in Tianshui. On August 2, the 25th Red Army launched an attack on Tianshui. As soon as it captured Beiguan, a brigade to aid the enemy arrived.The Red Twenty-Five Army gave up its plan to capture Tianshui, turned to Fenghuang Mountain and Yanhe Town, crossed the Wei River by force, captured Qin'an, and advanced into Tongwei.Cut off the Xilan Highway and enter Xinglong Town, north of Jingning County.The troops rested here for 3 days, but there was still no news about the northward advance of the Party Central Committee and the First and Fourth Front Armies. On August 17, the 25th Red Army moved to the Shaanxi-Gansu base area.The troops marched eastward along the Xilan Highway, captured Longde in one fell swoop, and crossed Liupan Mountain overnight. On the 20th, they entered Pingliang, Jingchuan, Zhenyuan, and Taishui, and the enemy pursued closely.The 25th Red Army had already flattened Liangbaishui Town and the Dahushan Highland east of Malianpu, and defeated the 105th Brigade of the Ma Hongbin Division of the 35th Division of the enemy, annihilating one of its battalions.In Sipo Village in the south of Jingchuan City, the rain wiped out the hostility of the 104th Brigade and the 208th Regiment, and killed Ma Kaiji, the head of the enemy regiment.In this battle, Wu Huanxian, political commissar of the Red 25th Army, died heroically. At the beginning of September, the 25th Red Army forcibly crossed the Jingshui River, passed through Zhenyuan, Qingyang, and Heshui, and entered the central area of ​​the Shaanxi-Gansu border base area—the Baozichuan, Pingdingchuan, Baibaochuan, and Wazichuan areas in Dafengchuan, Nanliang.The arrival of the 25th Red Army rejoiced the people in the Shaanxi-Gansu border base areas.Xi Zhongxun, Chairman of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Soviet Government, and Liu Jingfan, Chairman of the Military Commission, immediately went to Wazichuan to welcome the comrades who came from afar.The 3rd Regiment of the Red 26th Army, which was resting in the Xiasiwan area, immediately sent its head, Huang Luobin, as a representative, to Liujiabao to welcome the vanguard of the 25th Red Army, and introduced the situation of the enemy and the situation in the Shaanxi-Gansu base to Xu Haidong and other comrades. .Wherever the 25th Red Army went, the people in the base areas gave warm condolences, and there was joyful scenes of welcoming relatives everywhere.The people of Genchuandi soon composed and sang the folk song "Xintianyou" to welcome the 25th Red Army: On September 7, after the 25th Red Army arrived at Baozichuan, the Hubei-Henan-Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee held a meeting.Since Wu Huanxian, the political commissar, lived in the east of Sipo Village, Jingchuan, and served as the army commander, Cheng Zihua was changed to be the political commissar.thereafter.More than 3,400 members of the 25th Red Army marched for four days and arrived at Yongping Town, Yanchuan County. On September 16, the 25th Red Army and the main force of the Northwest Red Army led by Liu Zhidan, who came after hearing the news, successfully joined forces in Shuiping Town. On September 17, a joint meeting of the Hubei-Henan-Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Northwest Working Committee of the Communist Party of China was held in Yongping Town.The delegation sent by the Central Committee in the North to the Northwest (composed of Zhu Lizhi, Nie Hongjun, and Cheng Zihua, with Zhu Lizhi as secretary) decided to reorganize the party's leadership.In addition to being fully responsible for the leadership of the party, government, and military work in the Shaanxi 20 base area, the delegation also decided to establish the Shaanxi-Gansu-Shanxi Provincial Party Committee, with Zhu Lizhi as secretary and Guo Hongtao as deputy secretary.At the same time, the military leadership was reorganized, and Nie Hongjun was appointed as the chairman of the Northwest Division.In order to unify the command of the two fraternal Red Army units, it was decided to establish the 15th Corps of the Chinese Red Army. Deputy Director of Department.Under its jurisdiction are the Seventy-fifth Division, the Seventy-eighth Division, and the Eighty-first Division, which were reorganized from the original Red Twenty-fifth Army, Red Twenty-sixth Army, and Red Twenty-seventh Army.There were more than 7,000 people in the whole army, and then the troops were reorganized.The reorganization of Yongping Town enabled the two Red Army units, thousands of miles apart, to be reorganized into one unit within a few fires after joining forces, which fully demonstrated the high degree of discipline and organizational concept of the Red Army.Especially Comrade Liu Zhidan, he was the main leader of the Weihua uprising and the main founder of the Shaanxi-Gansu bases of the Northwest Red Army.The prestige in the base area is extremely high, but he does not seek fame and power. He was changed from the former chairman of the Northern Military Commission and the commander-in-chief of the former enemy general headquarters to the deputy commander of the army. What a noble character! On September 18, 1935, the fourth anniversary of the "September 18th" Incident, the National Humiliation Day, the 15th Red Army held a ten thousand people's congress in Yongping Town. Xu Haidong, Cheng Zihua, Liu Zhidan and other comrades sat on the rostrum of the conference.At the venue, red flags were fluttering, swords and guns were like forests, singing was loud and clear, and red, green and green slogans were posted everywhere.Next to the rostrum, there are two eye-catching large slogans, which read: In addition to more than 7,000 commanders and fighters from the Red 25th Army, Red 26th Army, and Red 27th Army, there were also cadres from the Shaanxi-Gansu-Shanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Northwest Military Commission, as well as nearby guerrillas, Red Guards, and Young Pioneers. .People from dozens of miles around, men and women, old and young, also drove donkeys.Bringing comfort items to participate in the conference, the venue is filled with the fighting friendship of the two fraternal Red Army brothers and the warm feelings of the Northwest people for their soldiers. At the meeting, the establishment of the 15th Red Army was first announced, and then Xu Haidong, Liu Zhidan and others spoke successively.Comrade Xu Haidong, who is not good at speaking, spoke very simply. He first expressed his gratitude to the soldiers and civilians in the Shaanxi-Gansu base area for their warm welcome, and then said: "Our two Red Army groups must fight a beautiful ambush!" Comrade Liu Zhidan wore a dark military uniform, He wears a belt around his waist, wears a pistol, and keeps waving his hands when he speaks.He said happily: "The 25th Red Army is here, we are stronger, and we will fight a big battle hand in hand"! After the establishment of the 15th Red Army, Liu Zhidan and Xu Haidong cooperated closely and led the 15th Red Army to the south.At this time, the 7 divisions of the Northeast Army were divided into two routes and attacked the Shaanxi-Gansu base area frantically along the Luochuan and Kunxian areas.The enemy's 110th Division and 129th Division have arrived in Yan'an, and the 107th Division and the 67th Army have also arrived in the Luochuan area.In order to dampen the enemy's spirit, the newly formed Red Fifteenth Army decided to adopt the tactics of "siege the city and fight for aid". It used a small number of troops to besiege the enemy in Ganquan County, one battalion of the 110th Division, and lured the enemy in Yan'an to come to help. An ambush was set up to annihilate the enemy in the area of ​​Mount Lao between Ganquan and Ganquan.On the third day after Ganquan defended the enemy and was besieged by the Red Army, the 110th Division of the Northeast Army hurriedly set off from Yan'an for reinforcements. Fiercely firing and taking over, the main force of the Red Army rushed into the enemy's formation with lightning speed.Suddenly, the enemy was in a mess and had nowhere to escape.After six hours of fierce fighting, the two regiments of the enemy's 110th Division and the troops directly under the division were all annihilated by the Red Army.He Lizhong, the commander of the enemy division, and Pei Huancai, the chief of staff, were killed. More than 3,700 enemy officers and soldiers were captured alive, and the weapons and equipment seized were piled up like a mountain.This is the famous Battle of Laoshan. After the Battle of Laoshan, the 15th Red Army took advantage of the victory to expand its results and sent troops southward. Yang Sen, the commander of the 78th Division (formerly the 42nd Division of the 26th Red Army), led the troops to Yangquanyuan to scout the enemy's situation and wiped out the enemy. Seven divisions and one battalion. In October, the Yulin Bridge in Ganquan was stormed, and four battalions of the 107th Division of the Northeast Army were wiped out. The regiment leader Gao Fuyuan was captured by the Red Army. "The two battles of Laoshan and Yulin Bridge dealt a heavy blow to the Northeast Army, and greeted the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao with practical actions." Just like a song "Xintianyou" sang at that time: After the 15th Red Army won the battles at Laoshan and Yulinqiao, Gao Guizi and Jing Yuexiu, who were stationed in Wayaobao, were afraid of being wiped out by the Red Army and fled without a fight. The Red Army took advantage of the situation to liberate Wayaobao.Afterwards, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Shanxi Provincial Committee and the Northwest Military Commission moved to Wayaobao, and Wayaobao became the capital of the Shaanxi-Gansu base area, and all enemy strongholds in the settlement were removed.But at this time, the Northeast Army on the southern front was unwilling to fail, and reorganized its offensive.Dong Yingbin (a commander of the Northeast Army) led 6 divisions to rush towards the Shaanxi-Gansu base in two routes. One division in the east moved northward along the Luochuan and Fuxian Avenues, and the five divisions in the west were the 57th Division of the Northeast Army. The 109th Division, 111th Division, 108th Division, 120th Division, and 106th Division marched along the Hulu River from Qingyang and Heshui in Gansu Province in an attempt to pinch the Red Army in the Kunxian area.The serious battle against "encirclement and suppression" is still to come.The Shaanxi-Gansu base area is still facing serious enemy situation. 3. Mistakes in the Shaanxi-Gansu base area to "suppress counter-revolutionaries" and the mistakes of "Left" adventurism have harmed the third anti-"encirclement and suppression" war At the critical moment when the third anti-"encirclement and suppression" war was in full swing, Wang Ming, the erroneous executor of "Left" adventurism, gained a dominant position in the party leadership in the Shaanxi-Gansu base areas, making the "Left" adventurism erroneous The Shaanxi-Gansu base area expanded viciously, brewing a huge disaster. As early as January 1935, the Zunyi Conference established Mao Zedong's leading position and successfully ended Wang Ming's "Left" adventurism's mistaken rule of the central government.However, since the Party Central Committee was on the Long March at that time, it was not yet possible to clear up the influence of Wang Ming's "Left" adventurism mistakes on various places.Under such circumstances, in June 1935, the delegation of the Central Committee to the Northwest, composed of Zhu Lizhi and Nie Hongjun sent by the Shanghai Provisional Central Bureau, who carried out the wrong line of Wang Ming's "Left" adventurism, came to Shaanxi. Gan base.Before leaving, Kong Yuan, the representative of the Central Committee in the north, wrote a 35,000-word instruction letter and handed it to Zhu Lizhi.It just said in the letter: "There are right-leaning liquidationists in the Shaanxi-Gansu Party, and their conspiracy has been exposed." "The right-leaning liquidationists serve Japanese imperialism and the Kuomintang." The echoers and allies in the party", therefore, "we must fight against the lackeys of the Kuomintang".Kong Yuan, a representative of the Central Committee, once said to Zhu Lizhi, "Now the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Special Committee has mixed in two rightists, Zhang Wenhua and Cai Ziwei, and the right opportunism of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border and the Red 26th Army has been influenced by these two rightists." After Zhu Lizhi arrived in the Shaanxi-Gansu base area, he was instructed to first carry out the anti-rightist opportunist struggle, in which he was exposed to isolate the rightists, and then suppressed them.At that time, Kong Yuan, the representative of the Central Committee, also showed Zhu Lizhi a pamphlet on "Suppressing Rebels" in Hubei, Henan and Anhui, called "Suppressing Rebellions". This pamphlet contained articles written by Zhang Guotao and Chen Changhao.When Nie Hongjun went to the Shaanxi-Gansu base area, some people conveyed to him the opinions of the northern representatives, saying, "Liu Zhidan is the creator of the Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet Area and the Red Army. He is loyal to the party, but his thinking is very right." Instructing Nie Hongjun to rely on Guo Hongtao To solve the rightist counter-revolutionary problem in the Shaanxi-Gansu base area. After Zhu Lizhi and Nie Hongjun's delegation to the Northwest came to the Shaanxi-Gansu base area.Immediately pursue the wrong line of "Left" adventurism. On July 15, under the auspices of the Central Delegation to the Northwest, the Northwest Working Committee Conference was held in Yongping Town. Zhu Lizhi and others, in the name of conveying the letter of instruction from the Central Representative in the North to the Shaanxi-Gansu base areas, forcibly implemented Wang Ming's "left" adventurism wrong policy.Zhu Lizhi and Nie Hongjun copied and copied Wang Ming's "Left" adventurism's wrong assessment of the situation of the Chinese revolution at the Fifth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee. The Soviet area is expanding day by day", "the Kuomintang is bankrupt economically and politically, and its military strength is weakened, and our strength is absolutely superior", and the whole country is not only in the "before the decisive class battle of the great man", but also "we and the imperialists directly武装冲突的阶段迫在我们面前”。他们不顾南方革命根据地丧失后全国革命低潮的现实，认为革命力量已经超过反革命力量。占绝对优势，陕甘根据地“在冲破帝国主义、国民党围剿的战斗中，由于苏区的扩大，工农群众反对帝国主义、国民党的汹涌斗争……使地主资产阶级的统治更加崩溃”。 “国民党的第三次'围剿'中，我们占绝对的优势”。在这种“五”倾冒险主义错误估汁下，中央驻西北代表团给陕甘根据地的任务是：“巩固与发展陕北、陕甘边苏区，建立陕西的广大苏区，更将陕西与四川的苏维埃运动联系起来，并进一步地使川陕苏区与新疆、青海、甘肃的伟大革命运功联系起来”“实行对帝旧主义直接作战，驱逐日本及一切帝国主义出中国，武装保卫苏联”。在反“围剿”作战方针上，要求红军“全线出击”，提出“不让敌人蹂躏苏区一寸土地”的口号。在红军的作战形式上，要求红军“运用基本的运动战的策略，配合着阵地战，在新的'围剿'未布置前先行打碎。”在红军的行动方向上，“要'争取神府和吴绥以南苏区打成成一片'。要向韩（城）、邰（阳）发展，”要“以洛川作中心，积向定边、陇东发展，以马栏为中心，向同官、富平、耀县、泾阳、发展”要主力红军配合地方暴动，消灭苏区内敌人的支持点。攻打延安、清涧和瓦窑堡敌人的中心据点。总之一句话要红军四面出击。 朱理治、聂洪钧等人还毫无根地指责刘志丹等在指挥笫二次反“围剿”战争中，没有普遍地发动广大人民进行斗争，在某些地方允许组织清乡会和敌人和平苟安进行妥协。在敌人进攻面前悲观失望，在战略上退却逃跑，以及执行单纯的坚壁清野政策，阻碍了革命战争的发展。没有充分开展敌人后方游击战争，完全忽视了地方动动的配合，没有及早订出军事汁划，既经决定计划之后，事行动动迟缓，不得迅速执行②等。因此，在这次永坪镇扩人会议上通过的决议中，号召陕甘根据地党和红军开展反对右倾机会主义的斗争。但是，这时“左”倾错误还没有来得及在陕甘根据地党和红军中全面贯彻执行。因此，西北红军主力兵团和红二十六军坚持陕甘边的部队以及游击队、赤卫军在刘志丹的指挥下，仍然取得了第二次反“围剿”战争的辉煌胜利和第三次反“围剿”战争的初步胜利。使红军和根据地得到了空前的发展。 劳山、榆林桥战斗后，驻瓦窑堡敌人惧遭歼灭，弃城而逃。这充分显示了刘志丹关于集中主力，歼灭南线之敌，打破敌人围剿的作战方针的正确性。但是，红军在南线作战的胜利，却被朱理治、聂洪钧等人严重歪曲了。他们在《中共陕甘晋省委关于庆祝劳山大捷及夺取瓦窑堡空前胜利的紧急通知》中，将这次胜利硬说成足“党战胜右倾取消主义的胜利”，是“克服了过去右倾机会主义的退却逃跑路线的残余与游击主义的错误”，“切实地组织了瓦窑堡地方暴动”的结果。为了存政治思想和反“围剿”作战中进一步贯彻反对“右倾取消主义”的斗争，朱理治、聂洪钧在组织上实行了宗派主义的错误路线，打击执行正确路线而不同意或反对他们“左”倾错误的同志。他们取消了“西北工委”，成立了陕甘晋省委，由朱理治、郭洪涛担任正、副书记，他们又改组了西北军事委员会，以聂洪钧为西北军委主席，不公正地将刘志丹排除在陕甘晋省委和军委领导之外。他们对创建苏区有功绩，在群众中有威信的党和红军的干部，大都采取不信任的态度，并指责这些干部是“右倾机会主义者”，加之_打击。正当反“围剿”战争胜利发展的时候，“左”倾冒险主义错误的执行者们却不顾敌强我弱，敌军大兵压境的严重形势，利用他们在组织上取得的统治地位，进一步强行贯彻王明“左”倾冒险主义的路线。号召在陕甘根据地党和红军中更加猛烈地开展反对反革命右倾取消主义的斗争义。彻底肃清右倾取消主义的反党派别。顿时，残酷斗争的恐怖阴云布满了陕甘革命化根据地的上空。 为了贯彻“左”倾错误，朱理治、聂洪钧等人迫不及待地在陕甘根据地的后方机关开始了错误的“肃反”。他们将红十五军团七十八师（原红二十六军）从前线调到安塞县的高桥，把红八八十一（原红二十七军）调到鄜县的羊泉原。为错误“肃反”作好准备。然后在甘泉县夏寺湾的王家坪召开会议。根据陕甘晋省委会议确定的“肃反”方针，部署了具体的“肃反”计划。任命戴季英为陕甘晋省委政治保卫局局长，负责“肃反”事宜。朱理治、聂洪钧等根据“根据地要依靠肃反老巩固”的荒谬的理论，根据“反节命组织主要存在于陕甘边党与红二十六军”的错误认识，以对敌斗争的方式在党内军内开展“肃反”。戴季英早在鄂豫皖苏区时就推行过张国焘的错误“肃眨”路线。大搞扩大化，制造了许多冤、假、错案。枉杀了不少革命同志。红二十五军到达陕甘根据地后，他又将张国焘在鄂豫皖苏区的错误“肃反”经验带到陕甘根据地，在朱理治的支持下，颁布赤色戒严，采取突然袭击的办法，在一个月内便将陕甘边根据地县以下干部和红二十六军营以上干部全部逮捕，几乎无一幸免。他们对被捕的同志进行严酷逼，有德关押在狱，有的悲惨杀，据不完全统汁，这次“肃反”惨杀陕甘边党和红军干部战士达200多人。 更为恶劣的，朱理治、戴季英提名要被捕的同志承认刘志丹师“右倾反革命的首领”。后来，他们根据从后方被捕人员口中刑讯逼出来的材料，硬说刘志丹、习仲勋、杨森、张秀山、刘景范等陕甘边党和红军的领导都是反革命右派，并有很大的阴谋活动。为了逮捕在前线指挥作战的刘志丹。朱理治等人立即以陕甘晋省委的名义，指令聂洪钓在前方逮捕刘志丹同志，但又恐怕在前方逮捕刘志丹会发生“乱子”，他们又展阴谋。10月6日，戴季英等人秘密地命令红十五军团保卫部准备逮捕刘志丹。遂以将刘志丹调到后方，主持军委工作之名，将刘志丹骗到瓦窑堡后加以逮椭。当时，刘志丹因公去瓦窑堡，半路上碰到传送戴季英命令的通汛员，通讯员不知底细，把信交给了刘志丹。刘志丹看到了逮捕命令时，对这种不顾大局，搞阴谋诡计陷害同志的卑劣行径十分愤慨。但是刘志丹头脑非常冷静，他“明智一部分同志被枉关起来，自已也会被捕，他有枪杆子，有群众，要干就越来了，那就打起内战了，结果是分裂，给敌人造成一个人缺口。他明知个人会有危险，但还是顾全大局，服从纪律。”。刘忠丹同志具有极高党性觉悟，具有顾全大硒的优秀思想品质。为了不使党内分裂，不使红军自相残杀，不给敌人以可乘之机，为了保存陕甘根据地。使党中央和中央红军有一个落脚点，他丝毫不顾个人安危。镇定地将信叫还给通讯员，说：“你快把信送到军团部，说我自己去瓦窑堡”立即翻身上马，毫不犹豫地毅然直赴瓦窑堡，打算向中央驻西北代表团申诉，宁愿自己被捕，也不要逮捕前线其他红军干部。但他一到瓦窑堡即被打入监狱，连他带着五岁的孩子的妻子同桂荣也被打入劳改队。随后，聂洪钧、戴季英等人又在前线逮捕了杨森、习仲勋、刘景范、郭宝珊等许多陕甘边苏区和红军的领导干部。制造了一场大案。 刘志丹等被捕后，“左”倾冒险主义的执行者罗织了许多罪名，攻击刘志丹同志。他们硬说“刘志丹没有打下横山是反革命阴谋”，“同国民党军队有秘密勾结”，“创造苏区创造红军是为了消灭苏区、消灭红军”。甚至对刘志丹的赤胆忠心，人义凛然行为进行污蔑。说刘志丹知道自己要被捕，反而不跑，是“狡猾地以此使党对其信任”。①他们还给刘志丹加上了“反革命”、“白军军官”、“反革命右派首领”等大帽子。进行政治迫害。刘忠丹承受不白之冤，在监狱受尽折磨，面对随时都可能处死的残酷现实，始终泰然处之，体现了一个伟大共产主义者的胸怀和情操。 王明“左”倾冒险主义的执行者制造的错误“肃反”的灾祸，给西北红军和陕甘根据地带来了严重的危机。在反“围剿”作战的关键时刻，把刘志丹等党和红军的许多领导干部抓起来，严重地挫伤了部队的士气。此外，“左”倾冒险主义者，还在前线部队中，就地惨杀了许多忠诚的红军干部战士，造成了红军部队和根据地群众人人自危的恐怖混乱局面王明“左”倾冒主义错误在陕甘根据地起到了敌人无法起的破坏作用，恶果是很大的。它使许多忠实于党的革命事业来的的红军干部蒙受冤屈。并进而引起了红军部队很大的动摇恐慌，使红军力量受到削弱。不仅如此，更严重的是在红二十五军与西北红军部队之间，在红二十五军与陕甘根据地人民之间关系也顿时紧张起来。根据地基层干部和群众，只要听到南方战士来了，就慌忙地上山逃跑。使苏区一天天缩小。①地主、豪绅、反革命分予乘机捣乱，进行挑拨煽动，致使根据地的一些县区发生反水现象。这时，敌人也增调兵力，完成了对根据地“围剿”的新部署，妄图从南北两路夹击红军而消灭之。在内忧外患的严重威胁下，本来形势大好的陕甘根据地，一下陷入岌岌可危的境地。 四、党中央挽救陕甘革命根据地的危机和第三次反“围剿”战争的彻底胜利 （一）党中央及时制止陕甘根据地的错误“肃反”，刘志丹等同志被释放 在西北红军和陕甘根据地处于存亡绝续的紧急关头，党中央、毛泽东率领中央红军迅速地向陕甘根据地挺进。 1935年9月20日。中央红军进占哈达铺。毛泽东从缴获到的敌人报纸中了解到了陕甘根据地和西北红军发展壮大的详细情况。 9月22日，中央军委在哈达铺召开了团以上干部会议。毛泽东在会上作了关于形势和红军整编的报告。他指出，现在民族危机在一天天加深，我们一定要完成北上抗日的原定计划。我们要抗日。首先要到陕北去，那里有刘志丹领导的红军。会后，中央军委将一、三军团及干部团等部队共6000余人改编为陕甘支队，彭德怀任司令员，毛泽东任政委，林彪任副司令员，杨尚昆任副政委。陕甘支队组建后，以佯攻天水的动作，把敌军主力吸引于天水方向，然后以急行军自武山、漳县之间，迅速通过了渭水。 9月26日，陕甘支队进抵通渭县榜罗镇。中央政治局在这里召开丁扩大会议，讨论了当前的政治形势和党的任务。贾拓夫同志介绍了陕甘根据地的情况。 ①会议确定了以陕甘根据地为中国革命大本营。随后，中央红军在毛泽东率领下连续突破两道敌封锁线，翻越六盘山高峰，进入陇东地区，行军七天，经镇原、环县、花池境内的12个区，48个行政村，113个自然村，176个村庄行程510华里。 10月1919日，中央红军胜利到达陕竹根据地吴旗镇，就此，中央红军的二万五千里长征胜利结束。at this time.敌东北军骑兵笫二军何株国部第六师师长白凤翔率四个骑兵团尾追中央红军，紧紧跟了上来。毛泽东在吴旗镇召开会议说，我们不能把敌人带进苏区，要赶快打退他们。他集合陕甘支队的干部讲话，动员大家要坚决打退敌人，②割掉“尾巴”，进入陕甘根据地。 10月21日，在毛泽东的亲自指挥下，中央红军向敌展开英勇反击。红军战士以排山倒海之势猛攻敌阵。顷刻间将敌截为数股截，与敌展开激烈格斗。敌军指挥系统顿时失灵，敌军乱作一团，仓皇上马。妄图夺路逃窜。红军猛攻猛打，敌人在红军的猛烈打击下，东奔西窜，无路可逃，伤忘甚大。经过两个小时的激战，一举歼灭一个团，击溃三个团，俘敌700余名，缴获战马：1000余匹和大量武器弹药，痛快淋漓地割掉了这个“尾巴”。 毛泽东率领中央红军到达陕甘根据地，给根据地人民以极大的鼓舞。吴旗镇的人立即用鸡毛信将这一特大喜讯传遍了各个村庄。赤源县委立即派了一个赤卫军大队长，抬着牛、羊慰劳中央红军，陕甘晋省委也派人前去迎接中央和中央红军，苏区人民全体行动起米，为中央红军赶制棉衣、棉鞋。Simultaneously.当地的干部群众也立即向党中央和毛泽东反映了在陕甘根据地错误“肃反”中刘志丹等大批党和红军干部被捕被杀的情况。党中央和毛泽东了解到这一严重情况，立即下令：“刀下留人”、“停止捕人”，并派王首道、李维汉、贾拓夫等人代表党中央前往瓦窑堡接管政治保卫局，先把事态控制起来，避免进一步恶化。吴旗镇切尾巴战斗之后，毛泽东立即挥师洛河川南下，11月3日到达廿泉县的夏寺湾。毛泽东、周恩来等中央领导人到达夏寺湾后，立即听取了有关汇报，召开会议研究“肃反”问题。当朱理治、聂洪钧等人谈及逮捕刘志丹等人的情况时，毛泽东当即严肃指出：“把刘志丹都逮捕了？要慎重！考虑一下吧！”同时，党中央决定由张闻天、博古、刘少奇、董必武等人率领中央机关进驻瓦窑堡，开始了纠正错误“肃反”的工作。 11月初，中央组成了秦邦宪领导下由董必武任主任，王首道、张云逸、李维汉、郭洪涛组成的五人“党务委员会”。审查错误“肃反”问题。 11月底，中央组织部召开会议，宣布中央及党务委员会1935年11月间《审查肃反工作的决定》。会上王首道代表五人“党务委员会”宣布刘志丹等同志是无罪的，党中央决定立即释放，并且分配工作。但当时的党务委员会着眼于尽快分清革还是反革命。以便迅速释放刘志丹。没有也来不及对陕甘边根据地特委及红二十六军的路线作调查研究，因而作出了陕甘边区及红二十六军的负责同志“犯了右倾取消主义及对反革命派采取自由主义的态度的错误”的论断，并认为“进行肃反工作是必要的。”①这样就对纠正王明“左”倾冒险主义的错误带来了一定不良影响。 1935年12月初，毛泽东来到瓦窑堡后，立即听取了王首道等同志的汇报。他严肃地指出：这次肃反事件是完全错误的，逮捕刘志丹完全是莫须有的诬陷，是机会主义的狂热病。所有被冤屈的同志均应释放，恢复领导工作，同时，为严明党纪，党中央决定给直接执行这次错误肃反的聂洪钧、戴季英以纪律处分，并在中共中央党校批判戴季英的严重错误。 对于这次错误“肃反”，党中央十分重视。在相隔7年以后进行的延安整风运动中，陕甘宁边区高干会议再次对错误“肃反”产生的社会、历史条件和思想根源以及错误的性质进行了客观的分析。1942年12月，中共中央正式作出了《中共中央关于1935年陕北（包括陕甘边及陕北）“肃反”问题重新审查的决定》。这个决定指出：“中央根据10月（1942年）陕甘宁党的高干会议对于陕北历史问题的检讨与结论，认为1935年9、10月间朱理治郭洪涛等同志所主持的'肃反'将陕北苏区和红军创造者刘志丹、高岗、张秀山、杨森等同志逮捕，并杀害了200以上党政军干部，这种将党的最好干部诬认为反革命分子，加以逮捕和杀害，不仅是完全错误的，而且是革命的罪恶。”②从而对错误“肃反”作出厂客观公正的结论。 刘志丹出狱后，毛泽东和周恩来亲切地接见了他。刘志丹先见到周恩来，他亲切地说：“周副主席，我是黄埔四期的，你的学生。”周恩来高兴地说：“我知道，我们是战友。”①接着周恩来又领刘志丹会见毛泽东。毛泽东亲切地安慰和鼓励刘志丹说：“你和陕北的同志受委屈了”。刘志丹毫无怨言，立即代表全体获释干部感谢党中央和毛泽东的英明处理，激动地说：“中央来了，今后的事情都好办”。入冬后，他看到毛泽东还没有穿棉鞋，就让爱人赶做棉窝窝鞋，要求里子要棉，帮子要紧，鼻梁要高，底子要厚。他说：“你知道，毛主席脚踏千山万水，要踏倒三大敌人，在冰雪风寒里指挥千军万马，创建一个新中国！②他怀着对毛泽东的崇敬深情，在毛泽东和党中央的领导下，忘我工作。在党中央召开的受害同志座谈会上，刘志丹一再谦虚地表示：我们工作中也有缺点错误，强调大家不要记仇，中央来了，毛主席来了，我们要在党中央领导下团结起来奋斗。在此前后，有些受迫害的同志出于对'左'倾冒险主义路线的愤怒，多次要求刘志丹向党中央、毛泽东反映，处理犯错误的人。刘志片胸怀坦荡，一再进行解释说服工作，他一方面严肃批评那搞错误'肃反'的人是不相信从土地革命中生长起来的红军，不相信从长期斗争中锻炼出来的干部，而表现了小资产阶级的极'左'主义与疯狂病”。①另一方面已在劝勉受害同志，以大局为重，团结一致，共同对敌。他常说：“党内历史不必急，要相信党中央、毛泽东会分清是非，做出正确结论。②他要习仲勋同志转告受过整得同志：”过去的事不要放在心上，这不是哪一个人的问题，是路线问题。要相信党中央、毛主席会解决好，要同从中央分配，到各自