Chapter 7 Chapter Six The Second Anti-"Encirclement and Suppression" War

In the spring of 1935, the Kuomintang reactionaries and the Chiang Kai-shek clique mobilized heavy troops to launch the second large-scale military "encirclement and suppression" against the Shaanxi-Gansu border and northern Shaanxi revolutionary bases in an attempt to completely destroy the Shaanxi-Gansu border and northern Shaanxi bases and extinguish the flames in the Northwest. The prairie fire of revolution.In order to smash the enemy's large-scale "encirclement and suppression", the CPC Shaanxi-Gansu Border Special Committee and the CPC Northern Shaanxi Special Committee held a joint meeting to unify the anti-"encirclement and suppression" operations in the two base areas, and established the CPC Northwest Work Committee and the Northwest Military Committee. And the former enemy headquarters of the Northwest Military Commission.Since then, under the unified leadership of the Northwest Working Committee and the Northwest Military Commission, the Red 26th Army has persisted in carrying out struggles in the Shaanxi-Gansu border base areas, containing and annihilating a large number of enemy troops. The Second Red Regiment also participated) went north to northern Shaanxi and formed the main Red Army Corps in the Northwest with the 84th Division of the 27th Red Army in Northern Shaanxi.After arduous fighting, the Red Army completely smashed the enemy's second "encirclement and suppression" campaign against the Shaanxi-Gansu border and northern Shaanxi base areas, liberated six counties, and joined the Shaanxi-Gansu border and northern Shaanxi base areas into one, forming the The vast Northwest Revolutionary Base created the foothold of the Long March for the Party Central Committee and the national Red Army.

1. The second "encirclement and suppression" deployment of the Kuomintang Chiang Kai-shek Group on the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Soviet Area While the revolutionary struggle in the Shaanxi-Gansu border base areas continued to develop in depth, the fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression" war in the central revolutionary base area failed under the wrong command of Wang Ming's "Left" adventurists. In October 1934, the Central Red Army was forced to withdraw from the Central Soviet Area and began the Long March.At this time, Chiang Kai-shek mobilized heavy troops to encircle and intercept the Central Red Army on the Long March, and at the same time stepped up preparations for the second large-scale military "encirclement and suppression" of the two base areas on the Shaanxi-Gansu border and northern Shaanxi.The enemy's "encirclement and suppression" this time completely copied the counter-revolutionary tactics adopted in the fifth "encirclement and suppression" campaign against the central revolutionary base area, and its characteristics are:

First, in politics, implement the guidelines of the "Policy Outline for Suppressing the Communist Party" and the slogan of "three points to the military, seven points to the politics", strictly implement the Baojia system, set up local security teams, strengthen spy activities, and implement "one household for the Communist Party, ten The so-called "Ten Households Consecutive Law" in which households are exterminated, and the establishment of the "Eradication of Counter-Revolutionaries".After invading the base areas, they immediately destroyed the party and government institutions and mass organizations of the CCP in the base areas, recruited local reactionary landlords, rich peasants, soldiers, and hooligans to form "returning the homeland" and "plainclothes teams", and cooperated with its regular army to hunt down party and government cadres in the base areas , Communist Party members, and Red Army soldiers, used methods such as torture and massacre of revolutionary people, forced to surrender, and threats and lures to "instigate rebellion" against party and government cadres and local Red Army base areas.

Second, in terms of economy, step up the implementation of reactionary laws and regulations such as the "Measures for Blocking Bandit Areas" and "Measures for Blocking Salt, Kerosene, Medicines, and Electrical Appliances in Bandit Areas", build a large number of blockhouses around the base area, tighten the blockade, and ban all industrial products. Transported into the base area, according to the enemy's thirty-fifth division Ma Hongbin's department fought against the Red Army Liu Zhidan's department in Qingyang, Zhengning and other areas on the Shaanxi-Gansu border. The bunker construction method is to build a bunker in the area where the red bandits are active so as to cut off the traffic. The location is selected: five bunkers in Sansanlipu, Xichuan, Qingyang, two bunkers in Xinbao, Dongchuan, one bunker in Yuelebao, and one bunker in Yuan Dynasty. In towns, there are four blockhouses in Wujiao, two in Qiaogoumen, two in Zhaojialiang, one in Liangjiagou, two in Liyuan, two in Baibaochuan, and three in Rouyuanchuan." ① In total, the enemy has built 20 to 30 blockhouses only in the narrow area from the Soviet Area in North Gyeongsang Province to the central area of ​​Nanliang.After the enemy army invaded the base area, they wantonly searched for the people's aspirations, destroyed the industrial and agricultural economy of the base area, implemented the scorched earth policy, created no man's land, and tried to dry up the economy of the base area, so that the Red Army could not survive by itself.

Third, in terms of military affairs, the enemy adopts the combat policy of "strike steadily, step by step, divide and encircle, and defeat one by one".Strategically, the method of encircling the encirclement with 6 divisions and 30 regiments was adopted to divide and encircle; tactically, it was adopted to advance in separate routes, build towers and trenches at the station, step by step, fight steadily, merge villages, and rob all Kill them all, create no-man's land, strengthen local militias, return home groups, and establish "Communist Shoveling Volunteer Teams" to cooperate with the regular army in looting, burning, and killing.Adopt a strategy of defeating the Red Twenty-sixth Army and the Red Twenty-seventh Army.

In order to achieve the above strategic goals, Chiang Kai-shek of the Kuomintang began to adjust its forces in October 1934 and deployed the second "encirclement and suppression".In the north, Chiang Kai-shek shrunk the defense lines of the three regiments of the enemy's 86th Division, Jingyuexiu Division, to Bao'an, Dingbian, Jingbian, Hengshan, Yulin, Jiaxian, Shenmu, and Fugu, and attacked the Shenfu Soviet area; On the front line, Chiang Kai-shek mobilized the 71st Division of the Shanxi Warlord Yan Xishan's Jin Army to garrison at key points on the east bank of the Yellow River, and sent two regiments of the 206th Brigade to cross the Yellow River westward and stationed in Wubao and Songjiachuan, Xinjiagou, Suide Yihe Town and Dingxianku Town in the county were suppressed; on the southern front, the four regiments of the 42nd Division of the enemy's Yang Hucheng Department were placed on the Yijun, Central, Luochuan, Fuxian, and Ganquan lines, sticking to Xian (Yang), Yu (Lin) Avenue, as a strategic warning; on the western front, the three brigades of the Ma Hongbin Division of the 35th Division of the enemy, plus the Second Longdong Police Brigade, a total of 7 regiments were stationed in Quzi, Qingyang, and Heshui. Formed a crescent-shaped front, advancing successively to the Nanliang area; in the southwest, the six regiments of the Yang Bufei Department of the 61st Division of the Southern 61st Division of Hu Zong, Chiang Kai-shek's direct lineage, respectively stationed in the Heshui, Ningxian, and Zhengning areas, wedged into Nanliang, Standby between photos.In order to separate the connection between the Shaanxi-Gansu border and northern Shaanxi base areas, Chiang Kai-shek transferred four regiments of the Gao Guizi Department of the 84th Division of the enemy from the Luoyang area of ​​​​Henan Province to station in Yan'an, Ansai, Yanchuan, Qingjian, Suide, and Mizhi. And attack the Northern Shaanxi Soviet Area.In the second "encirclement and suppression", Chiang Kai-shek mobilized a total of more than 40,000 troops in 6 divisions, about 30 regiments, and 6 divisions of warlords in Shaanxi, Gansu, Shanxi, Ningxia, and Henan provinces.In order to quell the various conflicts among the warlords, especially the enemy's 86th Division Jing Yuexiu and the enemy's 84th Division Gao Guizi, Chiang Kai-shek also sent a staff group headed by Mao Kan to Suide City to adjust and supervise the relationship between the warlords. Act with the troops and act as secret agents.Chiang Kai-shek's above-mentioned "encirclement and suppression" deployment was completed in April 1935, which lasted half a year.

Although the second "encirclement and suppression" war planned by Chiang Kai-shek of the Kuomintang has been carefully prepared for a long time, there are still many insurmountable weaknesses and difficulties.First, the Shaanxi-Gansu border and the northern Shaanxi Soviet area were vast, and the enemy's battle lines were too long, so they could only adopt the method of "suppression and defense" by dividing lines and segments, which could not create the conditions for a decisive battle with the main force of the Red Army for a while; second, those who participated in the "encirclement and suppression" The Kuomintang army, except for Yang Bufei's 61st Division, is a miscellaneous army. All the warlords want to preserve their strength and expand their territory. Although the Gao Guizi Division of the Fourth Division is well-equipped and stationed in the key areas between northern Shaanxi and the Shaanxi-Gansu border base areas, when it first came to fight in northern Shaanxi, the people were sparsely populated, and there was an old personal enmity with the Jing Yuexiu Division of the 86th Division, an old warlord in northern Shaanxi. And because they occupied Jingyuexiu's territory, they were guarded against each other, so it was difficult to coordinate operations; Fourth, the towns and strongholds garrisoned by the enemy's military equipment department were surrounded by the two red areas of the Shaanxi-Gansu border and northern Shaanxi. It is very difficult, lacking mobile forces to actively "advance and suppress"; fifth, although Yang Bufei, the 61st Division of the enemy's lineage, is well equipped and has a strong force, in order to eliminate dissidents, he tried his best to urge the miscellaneous troops to take the lead and work hard. Rewards, therefore cannot form an effective coordination between troops.The above-mentioned weaknesses and difficulties of the enemy forces in the "encirclement and suppression" operations have become very favorable conditions for the Shensi-Gansu border and the Shenbei Red Army.As long as the Red Army's combat policy is correct, the deployment is proper, and the troops fight bravely, it is possible to crush the enemy's large-scale "encirclement and suppression".

2. Formation of the main corps of the Northwest Red Army and formulation of the combat policy against "encirclement and suppression" (1) Conditions for the Second Anti-"Encirclement and Suppression" Campaign in the Shaanxi-Gansu Border and Northern Shaanxi Soviet Areas After smashing the enemy's first large-scale "encirclement and suppression campaign", the Shaanxi-Gansu border and the northern Shaanxi revolutionary base have made great progress.The Shaanxi-Gansu Frontier Soviet Government was established in November 1934 in the Shaanxi-Gansu Frontier Soviet Area. The base area has grown to include Chunhua, Yaoxian, Central, Yijun, Xunyi, Zhengning, Ningxian, Heshui, Qingyang, Baoan, Ansai Parts of 14 counties, including Jingbian, Fuxian, and Ganquan, cover an area of ​​about 23,000 square kilometers, and formal or temporary red regimes have been established in these areas.The 42nd Division of the Red Twenty-Sixth Army of the regular Red Army has developed into five regiments, with a strength of about 2,000 people. The third and third road guerrilla areas have also formed local Red Army guerrillas with more than 2,000 people, with a total strength of more than 4,000 people. .At the same time, the Northern Shaanxi Soviet Area also achieved great development.By the beginning of 1935, Chiyuan, Xiuyan, Yanshui, Yanchuan, Ansai, Suide, Qingjian, Jialu, Shenmu, Fugu, Missi, Jingbei, Wubao, Hengshan, etc. had been established in the Northern Shaanxi Soviet Area. The red regime in 14 counties overthrew the feudal forces and carried out the agrarian revolution.In order to unify the leadership and carry out various tasks in the Northern Shaanxi Soviet Area, on January 9, 1935, the first Congress of Workers, Peasants, and Soldiers in the Northern Shaanxi Soviet Area was held in Baimiaocha, Anding County. The Soviet government was elected and Ma Mingfang was elected as the chairman. On January 30, 1935, the 84th Division of the 27th Red Army of the Northern Shaanxi Soviet Area was formally established in Baimiaocha, Anding County. Yang Qi served as the division commander and Zhang Dazhi served as the political commissar. It had three regiments with a total of more than 1,000 people.In addition, the local Red Army guerrillas still have about 1,000 troops, and the main Red Army and the local Red Army have a total of more than 2,000 troops.

At that time, there were many favorable conditions for the anti-"encirclement and suppression" operations in the Shaanxi-Gansu border area and the northern Shaanxi area. First, in the two years since the establishment of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Red 26th Army, it has experienced hundreds of battles, and has accumulated rich experience in anti-"encirclement and suppression" operations.The Red Twenty-Seventh Army also grew up in the battle and developed into a Red Army unit capable of fighting tough battles; The second is that the Shaanxi-Gansu border and the northern Shaanxi Soviet area have a vast area, and the Red Army has a lot of room for maneuver. In addition, the local Red Army guerrillas and Red Guards insist on fighting in various places.

The third is that the conditions of the masses in the Shaanxi-Gansu border and the northern Shaanxi Soviet Area are good. Under the leadership of the local party and government, the masses fortified the walls and cleared the country to block news. Being harassed by guerrillas and Red Guards, it was very difficult to move. Fourth, the Shanxi-Gansu border and the Northern Shaanxi Soviet area are deep with mountains and ditches, the terrain is complex, easy to defend and difficult to attack, and it is difficult for the enemy's large corps to fight; Fifth, the leaders of the Party and the Red Army in the Shaanxi-Gansu border and the Northern Shaanxi Soviet area represented by Liu Zhidan and Xie Zichang , To get rid of and resist the wrong command of "Left" adventurism from the reality, and fundamentally ensure the formulation and implementation of the correct strategic policy against "encirclement and suppression".

However, the anti-"encirclement and suppression" operations in the Shaanxi-Gansu border and the northern Shaanxi Soviet area also faced many difficulties and disadvantages. First, there is a huge disparity in the strength of the enemy and ourselves.The main force of the Red Army in the two Soviet areas was less than 4,000 people. In name, the Red Army consisted of two armies and two divisions. In fact, there was no army leading organization.Compared with the enemy army, the enemy has a clear advantage in terms of strength and equipment, and the Red Army is only one-tenth of the enemy's strength. Second, the Shaanxi-Gansu border and the Northern Shaanxi Soviet area were divided and surrounded by enemy forces.The Shaanxi-Gansu border and the northern Shaanxi Soviet area have not yet been fully connected, and the base areas have also been blocked and divided by the enemy's point-line blockade, which cannot be completely unblocked, mutual support is inconvenient, and the range of dealing with the enemy is limited; Third, the Shaanxi-Gansu border and northern Shaanxi did not form a unified leadership organization.Before the anti-"encirclement and suppression" war began, there were two leadership systems in the Shaanxi-Gansu border area and the northern Shaanxi Soviet area.The Party and the Red Army in the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Soviet Area were under the leadership of the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee, while the Northern Shaanxi Soviet Area was under the leadership of the central representative in the north.As stated in the "Twenty-six Documents of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Red" on January 31, 1935: "In the counties of northern Shaanxi, there are special committees in northern Shaanxi, and in the border areas of Shaanxi and Gansu. , who is leading who, it is not clear, and the relationship is not close." ① This situation is not conducive to the unified action and deployment of the anti-"encirclement and suppression". Fourth, the main force of the Red Army has not formed the ability to attack tough battles.At that time, the enemy troops were stationed in towns and important traffic points, built bunkers and fortifications, reinforced their positions, and marched at every step. The Red Army did not have powerful artillery, engineers and other heavy weapons and equipment, and lacked experience in fortified operations. town. The development of the revolutionary struggle situation in the Shaanxi-Gansu border area and the northern Shaanxi area and the preparations for the anti-"encirclement and suppression" war urgently required the unification of the leadership of the two Soviet areas. In October 1934, Huang Han, a special commissioner of the Northern Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, came to inspect the work in the Northern Shaanxi Soviet Area. According to the objective requirements of the revolutionary struggle in the Shaanxi-Gansu border and the Northern Shaanxi Soviet Area, Huang Han made three instructions on behalf of the Northern Bureau: First, it was decided to establish the 27th Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, with the 84th Division as the backbone, and appointed Yang Qi as the division commander and Zhang Dazhi as the political commissar; The second is to decide to establish the CPC Northwest Working Committee and the Northwest Military Commission to unify the command of the armed struggle in the two Soviet areas in northern Shaanxi and the Shaanxi-Gansu border; The third is to actively prepare to smash the enemy's second counter-revolutionary "encirclement and suppression". Huang Han's above instructions laid the ideological foundation for the unification of the leadership of the Party and the Red Army in the Shaanxi-Gansu border and the Northern Shaanxi Soviet Area. (2) The convening of the Zhou Jiayan Conference, the establishment of the Northwest Working Committee and the Northwest Military Commission According to the instructions of Huang Han, the special commissioner of the Northern Bureau of the Communist Party of China, Comrade Xie Zichang, the military special commissioner of the Northern Bureau in the Northwest, invited the heads of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Special Committee and the leaders of the Northern Shaanxi Special Committee to hold a joint meeting to discuss The two Soviet areas jointly opposed the enemy's second "encirclement and suppression" plan. In early January 1935, under the escort of the 2nd Regiment of the 26th Red Army, Qingyang Guerrilla, and the 5th and 6th Detachments of the Shaanxi-Gansu Guerrilla, Liu Zhidan left Nanliang for northern Shaanxi, where he recuperated in Jingjinggou, Anding County① Xie Zichang, the leader of the Communist Party of China, discussed issues such as the policy of countering "encirclement and suppression" and strengthening the unified command and leadership of the two bases in the Shaanxi-Gansu border and northern Shaanxi.After discussion, Liu Zhidan and Xie Zichang reached a consensus on the following points: first, the establishment of the Northwest Work Committee to unify the leadership of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border and the Northern Shaanxi Soviet Area; second, the establishment of the Northwest Military Commission to unify the leadership and command of the Red Twenty-six 1, the 27th Red Army, and the local Red Army guerrillas in the Shaanxi-Gansu border and the Northern Shaanxi Two Soviet Areas; the third is to concentrate the main force of the 26th Red Army and the 27th Red Army to form a fist in the deployment of anti-"encirclement and suppression" operations. , Annihilate the enemy's battalion and regiment-sized troops during the movement.The local Red Army guerrillas besieged the enemy's strongholds in the base areas, restricted the enemy from going out to loot, burn and kill, harassed the masses, and gradually developed outwards to expand the Soviet area. The 16th Division had conflicts. The towns and strongholds they were stationed were surrounded by the Shaanxi-Gansu border and the northern Shaanxi base. In addition, they were well-equipped, but they were not familiar with the people and places, and their combat effectiveness was not strong. They happened to be the targets chosen by the Red Army; Under the banner of anti-imperialism and anti-Japanese, carry out the work of striving to disintegrate the enemy army; Sixth, the method of the agrarian revolution must be based on the actual situation and formulate practical policies.The opinions discussed by the leaders Liu Zhidan and Xie Zichang made the necessary preparations for the convening of the Zhoujiayan meeting. On February 5, 1935, the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Special Committee and the Northern Shaanxi Special Committee held a joint meeting in Zhoujiayan, Chiyuan County, known in history as the "Zhoujiayan Meeting." The meeting discussed in depth the unification of the party, government and army in the Shaanxi-Gansu Border and Northern Shaanxi base areas. Leading and formulating the second campaign policy against "encirclement and suppression".Xie Zichang was seriously injured and did not attend the meeting. Liu Zhidan conveyed the opinions discussed by him and Xie Zichang.The meeting decided to establish the CPC Northwest Working Committee, with Hui Zijun as secretary, Xi Zhongxun, Cui Tianfu, Zhang Xiushan, Ma Mingfang, Liu Zhidan, Guo Hongtao, Yang Sen, Zhang Dazhi, Yang Qi, Howard, Gao Gang, etc. as executive members, and Cui Tianfu as organization minister , Zhang Xiushan served as the Minister of Propaganda, and Guo Hongtao served as the Secretary-General.After the establishment of the Northwest Working Committee of the Communist Party of China, the former Northern Shaanxi Special Committee was abolished immediately, and the county committees led by the former Northern Shaanxi Special Committee were directly led by the Northwest Working Committee.The Shaanxi-Gansu border special committee is still retained and continues to lead the work of the county committees on the Shaanxi-Gansu border. At the same time, the meeting decided to set up the Northwest Military Commission to unify the command of the anti-"encirclement and suppression" operations of the Red Army and the guerrillas in the two base areas.Election of Xie Zichang as Chairman of the Northwest Military Commission (Because Xie Zichang was seriously injured and did not take office, Comrade Liu Zhidan was actually in charge of the overall work), ① Liu Zhidan was the Vice Chairman, Xie Zichang, Liu Zhidan, Yang Sen, Yang Qi, Zhang Xiushan, Zhang Dazhi, Wang Shitai, He Jinnian , Liu Fan, Ma Yi (formerly known as Bai Bingxin), Gao Gang and others are members. ② After careful discussion, the Zhou Jiayan Conference adopted Liu Zhidan and Xie Zichang's proposals on the operational policy and strategic and tactical principles for crushing the enemy's second "encirclement and suppression", and adopted the policy and tactics of the agrarian revolution, the policy and tactics of the anti-Japanese and anti-imperialist work, etc. Wait.Unified the actions of the Shaanxi-Gansu border and the northern Shaanxi Soviet area.The above-mentioned decision made by the Zhoujiamei meeting was very correct. It formed a fist for the main force of the Red Army, unified the leadership work of the Party and the command work of the Red Army in the Shaanxi-Gansu border area and northern Shaanxi in terms of organization, and was of great help to the subsequent smashing of the enemy. "Encirclement and Suppression" and the vigorous and in-depth development of the Agrarian Revolution played a very important role in promoting it. (3) Formation of the main corps of the Northwest Red Army and the issuance of mobilization orders against "encirclement and suppression" According to the spirit of the Zhou Jiayan meeting, the Northwest Military Commission decided to concentrate the main forces of the 26th Red Army and the 27th Red Army to form the main corps of the Northwest Red Army. Contact, so that the two bases into one. According to this plan, on February 18, Liu Zhidan drafted and issued the "Mobilization Order of the Northwest Revolutionary Military Committee of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army" (abbreviated as the "Mobilization Order against "Encirclement and Suppression"") and transferred the main force of the 42nd Division of the 26th Army to the north. An order to fight in northern Shaanxi. "Anti-"Encirclement and Suppression" Mobilization Order" first analyzed the situation of the anti-"encirclement and suppression" war, and pointed out that in order to crush the enemy's large-scale "encirclement and suppression" campaign, the Red Army must concentrate its main force to first attack the enemy's 84th Division Gao Guizi, which was surrounded by the base area. Temporarily adopt the strategy of local Red Army guerrillas to harass and contain other enemy forces, organize masses in the enemy's rear, open up base areas behind the enemy, form a situation in which the countryside surrounds the enemy's strongholds in cities and towns, and crush the enemy's second "encirclement and suppression". The "Anti-"Encirclement and Suppression" Mobilization Order" pointed out that the third regiment of the 42nd Division of the Red 26th Army and the Northwest Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army went north to northern Shaanxi and the 84th Division of the Red 27th Army formed the main force of the Northwest Red Army. Command, wipe out the enemy's Eighty-Fourth Division Gao Guizi Division, and expand the Northern Shaanxi Soviet Area.The cavalry regiment of the 42nd Division of the 26th Red Army attacked Hancheng, Yichuan, and Taiyang along the Xianyu Highway, pinned down the enemy's 42nd Division on the southern front, carried out guerrilla warfare, wiped out scattered and isolated enemies, and mobilized the masses. Open up new bases.The 1st and 2nd regiments of the 42nd Division of the 26th Red Army cooperated with the guerrillas and Red Guards in the central area of ​​the Nanliang base area and the southern Shaanxi-Gansu border area, persisted in local struggles, mobilized and organized the masses, implemented strong walls and cleared the fields, and flexibly maneuvered Carry out guerrilla warfare in an in-depth manner, contain and attack the operations of the Ma Hongbin Department of the 35th Division of the enemy and the Yang Bufei Department of the 61st Division of the enemy, consolidate and expand the Shaanxi-Gansu border base areas, and strengthen the red armed forces. In order to effectively lead the local Red Army guerrillas in their struggle against the enemy, the "Anti-"Encirclement and Suppression" Mobilization Order" stipulates that the Shaanxi-Gansu Frontier Military Committee of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army shall be established, with Liu Jingfan as the chairman, and it shall govern the Southern Liangsu Area of ​​the Shaanxi-Gansu Border and the Southern Shaanxi-Gansu Border The guerrillas and military construction work in the area; the formation of the Northern Shaanxi Military Committee of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army, with Ma Yi (formerly known as Bai Bingxin) as the chairman, governing the local Red Army guerrillas and Military construction work.The local Red Army guerrillas in the Northern Shaanxi Soviet Area were collectively organized into the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh columns.The basic tasks of each column are: Relying on Mizhi West District and Hengshan South District, the first column developed to the north of Shenfu District; The second and fifth columns persisted in the struggle in Suide, Qingjiandong District, Wubao, and Jiaxian areas, and developed along the west bank of the Yellow River toward Shenfu in the north; Relying on the Wu Banner area, the third column developed to the areas north of Jingbian and Anbian; The fourth column relied on the Ansai North District and developed to the south bank of the Yanhe River, completing the encirclement of Yan'an and Ansai counties. Relying on the Qing (Jian) ​​Sui (De) and Qing (Jian) ​​Yan (Chuan) base areas on the west bank of the Yellow River, the sixth column crossed the Yellow River eastward and harassed the 71st Division of the Jin Army. The Shanxi base area created conditions to attack and harass the strongholds of the Jin army stationed in Xianqu and Zaolinping on the west bank of the Yellow River, ambush their small units, and contain the enemy's actions; Relying on the South Yanchuan District and the North Yanchang District, the Seventh Column will develop towards the South Yanchuan District and Yichuan, open up and expand new base areas, and adopt a posture of encircling Yanchang County and Yichuan County; , stepped up raids and harassment, wiped out a small group of enemy troops who went out to loot, burn and kill, and cooperated with the main Red Army Corps' anti-"encirclement and suppression" operations. While raiding and harassing the enemy, the local Red Army guerrillas must actively mobilize the masses, openly or secretly organize poor peasant associations, Red Guards, Young Pioneers, and women’s associations, cooperate with local governments to carry out land revolution, distribute land, and open up red villages , to expand new bases. The "Anti-"Encirclement and Suppression" Mobilization Order" pointed out that after the main force of the 26th Red Army went northward to fight in northern Shaanxi, the enemy's 35th, 42nd, and 61st divisions would jointly attack the Nanliang base area on the Shaanxi-Gansu border. With crazy attacks, the struggle environment in the Shaanxi-Gansu border area will be very cruel.When necessary, the party and government leading organizations and mass organizations in the Shaanxi-Gansu border base area can be transferred to the Luohechuan area of ​​the eastern Shaanxi-Gansu border area to continue fighting. The mobilization order finally requires that the Red Army, guerrilla cadres and soldiers, Red Guards, and Young Pioneers must strengthen ideological and political work, and firmly establish the confidence and confidence that the Chinese nation will be liberated, the people's lives will be improved, and communism will surely win. Determined, enforce strict military discipline, obey orders, obey commands, oppose sloppy style and unorganized and undisciplined habits, and conscientiously perform the sacred tasks entrusted to them by the party. After the "Anti-"Encirclement and Suppression" Mobilization Order" was released, the main force of the Red Army on the Shaanxi-Gansu border, local guerrillas, and party and government organizations all carried out serious communication and mobilization.At that time, the "Anti-"Encirclement and Suppression" Mobilization Order" was a top-secret document, and the scope of transmission was limited to the divisions, regiment party committees, military committees, and reserve column party committees.In accordance with the spirit of the "Anti-"Encirclement and Suppression" Mobilization Order", the Shaanxi-Gansu Frontier Red 26th Army immediately deployed its troops. The specific arrangements are as follows: First, the third regiment of the 42nd Red Division and the Northwest Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army went to northern Shaanxi to form the main Red Army Corps in the Northwest with the 84th Division of the 27th Red Army. Second, the cavalry regiment of the 42nd Red Division, in cooperation with the guerrillas, went south to Hancheng, Taiyang, Baishui, and Pucheng to attack the rear of Feng Qinzai's troops of the 42nd Division of the enemy. Ganquan and Yijun areas opened up new Soviet areas. Thirdly, the First Regiment of the Forty-Second Division of the Red Army persisted in the struggle in the southern area of ​​the Shaanxi-Gansu border, attacked the enemy, consolidated and expanded the base area, and maintained contact with the central area of ​​Nanliang. Fourth, the Second Regiment of the Red 42nd Division got rid of the enemy's "encirclement and suppression", opened up Qingyang, Huanxian, Dingbian, and Jingbian base areas, and developed to the three sides.When necessary, Nanliang was abandoned and moved to Xiasiwan area of ​​Luohe River to open up the central Soviet area. The local Red Army guerrillas continued to fight in Nanliang area. At the critical moment when the anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign was just issued and the anti-"encirclement and suppression" struggle was about to start, Xie Zichang, one of the founders of the Shaanxi-Gansu border area and the northern Shaanxi base area, as well as the Red 26th Army and the Red 27th Army, died due to His injuries seriously deteriorated, and he died on February 21, 1935.The death of Xie Zichang is a great loss to the Northwest Red Army and the Northwest people.In order to commemorate Xie Zichang, the party decided to change his hometown Ding'an County (called Chiyuan County at that time) to Zichang County, and built Zichang Cemetery to commemorate Yongzhi.At that time, in order to prevent the enemy from taking the opportunity to attack and avoid affecting the enthusiasm of the soldiers and civilians in the base area, the Northwest Working Committee kept the death of Xie Zichang absolutely secret for the time being. No obituary was issued, no memorial service was held, and family members and comrades did not wear filial piety or black gauze. Xie Zichang's title and name are still signed in the announcement.The secrecy activities were not gradually declassified until early May, after the Red Army captured Anding County and Yongping Town, Yanchuan County. In March 1935, the third regiment of the Red 42nd Division and the Northwest Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army adopted the tactics of attacking the west from the east. After severely injuring the enemy, he suddenly left Nanliang and sent troops to northern Shaanxi. On April 15, the Third Regiment of the Forty-Second Red Division and the Northwest Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army arrived at Lijiacha and Huangjiamao in Anding County, northern Shaanxi, and were warmly welcomed by the people of the Soviet Area in northern Shaanxi.Wherever the main force of the Red Twenty-Sixth Army went, the masses beat gongs and drums, lined the streets to welcome them, slaughtered pigs and sheep, and rewarded the Red Army and Red Guards. sick and wounded.The enthusiasm of the people in northern Shaanxi to support the army deeply moved the commanders and fighters of the Red Twenty-sixth Army, and they all expressed their determination to kill the enemy. Under the direct leadership of Liu Zhidan, the 3rd Regiment of the 42nd Division of the 26th Red Army, the Northwest Volunteer Army and the 3rd Column of the Northern Shaanxi Guerrilla Army marched through Jingbian to Hengshan. On April 22, an elite company of Jingyuexiu Division of the 86th Division of the enemy was wiped out on the bank of Hengshan Temple, which greatly encouraged the enthusiasm of the soldiers and civilians in the Northern Shaanxi Soviet Area to fight against "encirclement and suppression". On May 1, 1935, the Third Regiment of the 42nd Division of the Red 26th Army, the Northwest Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army and the 84th Division of the Red 27th Army successfully joined forces in Baimiaocha, Chiyuan County, forming the main force of the Northwest Red Army .When joining forces, the 3rd Regiment of the 42nd Division of the 26th Red Army and the Northwest Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army had nearly 1,000 troops, and the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Regiments of the 84th Division of the 27th Red Army had a total strength of more than 1,250.There are more than 2,100 people in the two departments, more than 1,500 long and short, and four light machine guns.On the same day, a division meeting was held, and the Red Guards and the masses from dozens of miles around came to attend the meeting.Liu Zhidan made an inspiring speech at the meeting. He analyzed the situation between the enemy and ourselves, and pointed out the principles and policies of countering "encirclement and suppression".Representatives of various troops also spoke at the meeting, expressing their determination to learn from each other, unite in friendship, and fight together.The venue was always filled with a warm atmosphere of close unity, mutual assistance and friendship between the military and civilians in the Shaanxi-Gansu border area and the northern Shaanxi area.After the meeting, all units of the 26th Red Army and 27th Red Army carried out in-depth political education and combat mobilization, which boosted their morale and enhanced their combat effectiveness against "encirclement and suppression". On May 20, the Northwest Military Commission promulgated regulations on military discipline, political discipline, combat service mobilization and the execution of local tyrants and evil gentry, so that the two main forces of the Northwest Red Army Main Corps had unified discipline and regulations, and guaranteed the anti-"encirclement and suppression" "The unity of combat pace.At this time, the Northwest Military Commission established the Front Enemy Headquarters of the Northwest Military Commission of the Chinese Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army according to the decision of the Zhoujiayan meeting. long.The headquarters of the Red Eighty-Fourth Division served as the staff of the former enemy headquarters.Under its jurisdiction are the 42nd Division of the Red Twenty-sixth Army and the Eighty-fourth Division of the Red Twenty-seventh Army.The establishment of the former enemy general headquarters enabled the main force of the Northwest Red Army to have a unified operational command organization, ensuring the smooth progress of the anti-"encirclement and suppression" operations. 3. The anti-"encirclement and suppression" struggle against the part of the 42nd Division of the 26th Red Army and the local Red Army guerrillas in the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Soviet Area On January 15, 1935, the Ma Hongbin Department of the 35th Division of the enemy took the lead in launching an attack on the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Soviet Area.The enemy army started from Ningxia and divided into two routes: one route passed through Zhongwei, Huanxian, and Quzi to Yuele; the other route passed through Guyuan, Xifeng, and Qingyang and entered Liucunyuan. On February 21, the enemy occupied Qingyang, Xinbao, Yuele, Yuancheng, Rouyuanchengzi and other places.The enemy adopted the "fortress" tactics. After arriving in Yuele, they forced the masses to emigrate and merge the villages, establishing a "strategic village" in an attempt to cut off the connection between the guerrillas and the masses; 35 blockhouses were built in places such as Baobao, Yuele, Wujiao, Rouyuan, and Baibao.With the enemy's soldiers pressing down on the border, Zhu Zhiqing, commander-in-chief of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Red Guards, and Mei Shenggui, deputy commander-in-chief, led the guerrillas and red guards in the second guerrilla zone to confuse and attack the enemy. Many felt tents were erected on the top of the mountain, and many red flags were raised in the dense forest.During the day, the guerrillas held high the red flag to go around guerrillas. At night, they lit bonfires all over the mountains and fields, and sent small groups of troops to harass the enemy continuously. For many months, it effectively covered the strategic actions of the main force of the Red Army. According to the established combat deployment, the third regiment of the 42nd Red Division, the Northwest Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army, and the Cavalry Regiment marched eastward to meet Feng Qinzai's troops of the 42nd Division of the enemy who invaded the base areas from Yijun, Central, Fuxian, Ganquan and other areas. Annihilate two platoons.Later, due to the dense enemy forces, it was impossible to capture fighters, so he returned to Longdong to meet the enemy who invaded Longdong. In late March, the cavalry regiment went south through Yuanchengchuan to attack; it wiped out two platoons of enemy cavalry troops that invaded Wujiao, and wiped out more than 50 enemies. Before and after this, the Second Red Regiment and the Northwest Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army launched the Battle of Tianguxian.At that time, after the 105th Brigade Ma Dianbang Regiment of the 35th Division of the enemy occupied Yuele, they defended Tian Guxian with a battalion.After the enemy's occupation, they forced the masses to gather together and established a "strategic village". On the other hand, they chose favorable terrain, repaired fortifications and built bunkers, and prepared to attack Nanliang after finding out the real situation of the Red Army. Joy.The enemy troops stationed in Tiankuxian controlled the nearby commanding heights with a company of troops, and built a large number of fortifications on it.According to the deployment of the enemy's troops, the Red Second Regiment and the Northwest Anti-Japanese Volunteer decided to attack the enemy's stronghold in Tian Kuoxian.The Red Army troops were divided into three groups: the Red Second Regiment, the Northwest Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army, and the Nanliang Government Security Brigade were the main attackers. The enemy army implemented a roundabout encirclement and blocked the enemy who came to help.At dawn, the battle started. The Second Red Regiment and the Northwest Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army launched a fierce attack on the enemy.The nearby enemy battalion and two other companies rushed to reinforce, but were stopped by the Heshui and Qingyang guerrillas and were unable to advance.After the Second Red Regiment, the Northwest Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army and the government security brigade wiped out the enemy at the commanding heights, they took advantage of the victory to pursue and cooperated with the Heshui and Qingyang guerrillas to surround the enemy from three sides.Seeing that they were besieged on three sides and isolated, the enemy army was afraid of being completely annihilated, so they hurriedly fought and retreated, and fled back to Yuele in a hurry.The battle was fought beautifully, more than 100 enemies were wiped out, and a large number of weapons and ammunition were seized. After the Red Second Regiment and other troops won the battle of Tian Guxian, the Red Third Regiment, the Cavalry Regiment, and the Northwest Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army launched the "Six-inch Plains Battle". At that time, the Red 42nd Division received a report from the Heshui guerrillas that a battalion from the 105th Brigade of the Ma Hongbin Division of the 35th Division of the enemy, and a battalion from the Yechengzhang Division, entered Liucunyuan, Heshui County, built fortifications and set up camp. Xiushan (after Xie Zichang was injured, Zhang Xiushan served as the political commissar of the division) decided to take advantage of the opportunity when the enemy's foothold was not stable, and rushed to annihilate him. Liucunyuan is a small soil plain with ravines and ravines. There are many small hills forming a mountain ridge.The enemy built a lot of fortifications on the mountain ridges, and set up deer rocks with grenades on them to prevent the Red Army from attacking. After a long march, the Red Army arrived near the village under the mountain beam of Liucunyuan in the early morning of April 3.Before dawn, the Northwest Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army first attacked the village, wiped out more than 20 enemies, and surrendered more than 20 guns.After dawn, they began to attack the enemy positions on the ridge. When the enemy heard the gunshots under the ditch, they immediately entered the position, relying on favorable terrain and fortifications, desperately resisting.The 1st and 2nd companies of the Red Third Regiment and the Northwest Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army, who were the main offensive missions, launched several charges from the southeast to the mountain ridge, but were all stopped by enemy fire. The fierce fighting continued until 12 o'clock at noon.When the first and second companies of the Red Third Regiment attacked the front of the enemy's position again, the cavalry regiment suddenly charged towards the enemy's position from the mountain ridge on the left, but was stopped by the enemy's intensive firepower.The cavalry regiment suffered heavy casualties, and the head of the regiment, Comrade Zhao Guoqing, was seriously injured. Under such circumstances, the cavalry regiment was forced to retreat.During the retreat, the infantry teams of the first and second companies of the Red Third Regiment were disrupted.At this time, the enemy's 105th Brigade arrived and took the opportunity to counterattack.The First and Second Companies of the Red Third Regiment and the Northwest Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army then took the initiative to retreat.During the retreat, Wang Shitai, the leader of the Third Red Regiment, was injured, and the Liucunyuan battle was defeated. 六寸塬战斗的失利，主要原因：一是敌情不清楚，二是步骑配合不协调，造成了不应有的损失，这些教训是非常深刻的，应当认真吸取。 六寸塬战斗后，红三团、西北抗日义勇军由张秀山率领开赴陕北，参加西北红军主力兵团在陕北地区的作战。骑兵团、红一团、红二团和各路游击队，由杨森指挥，坚持陕甘边根据地的反“围剿”斗争。 4月14日，敌三十五师马鸿宾部在得悉红军主力已撤离南梁，转兵陕北的消息后，恼羞成怒，于是倾巢出动，占领了南梁根据地的中心区二将川、荔园堡和陕甘边苏维埃政府驻地寨子湾，并紧紧追击刚刚转移的陕甘边苏维埃政府机关。4月16日，敌军在豹子川、白沙川的交汇处张岔沟将习仲勋率领的陕甘边苏维埃政府机关包围。在这危急关头，习仲勋等临危不惧，沉着地指挥保卫大队和赤卫军掩护政府机关转移。赤卫军副总指挥兼参谋长梅生贵奉命阻击敌军，在只剩下自己一人的时候，还英勇地击退了敌军的四次冲锋，掩护了政府机关，使习仲勋等领导人安全脱险，可是梅生贵本人终因伤重被俘，壮烈牺牲。 此后，习仲勋率政府保卫大队、赤卫军和机关工作人员，连续拚杀，又突破敌军的三次包围，转移到陕甘边东区洛河川的石峁湾。二十多天后，敌军又尾追而来，习仲勋又率领陕甘边党政机关转移到洛河川的阎家湾。6月上旬，陕甘边党政机关迁至洛河川夏寺湾，从此以后，夏寺湾就成了陕甘边苏区的中心地区。 敌三十五师侵入南梁根据地后，根据地人民在游击队的带领下，坚壁清野，将粮食、灶具掩埋转移，把牛羊赶进山里隐藏起来，敌人找不到粮食，做饭又没有锅，就四处搜山，烧山，向山林开枪。一些群众不得不返回家里。敌人又对群众严刑拷打，企图从群众口中得到苏维埃政府的去向。南梁人民一心向着红军，向着苏维埃政府，始终坚持革命的气节。敌人在坚强的人民面前终究还是一无所获。气急败坏的敌人为了彻底摧毁根据地，实行法西斯的保甲制度，将南梁中心区的南梁堡、小沟门、平定川、豹子川一带的房屋全部烧毁，所有的村庄变成了一片废墟，南梁人民又遭受了一场浩劫。 国民党反动派在摧毁根据地的同时，还网罗地主“还乡团”对人民实行反攻倒算。这些地头蛇，由于情况熟悉，对革命有着刻骨的仇恨，对人民的残害更恶毒。他们四处搜捕共产党员和红军干部战士伤病员。骑兵团长赵国卿在六寸塬战斗中受伤，因伤势严重，不能行动，被安置在南梁附近的森林里，后被敌人搜山捕去，壮烈牺牲。“还乡团”的反革命报复活动，残暴之极，加重了根据地的灾难。 在极端恶劣的形势下，南梁地区的游击队、赤卫军战士，除跟随主力红军转战陕北，迂回外线外，都转入地下秘密活动，侦察敌情，积极打击敌人，骚扰敌人，使敌人一夜数惊，疲于奔命。奉命坚持陕甘边苏区斗争的红二十六军第四十二师骑兵团、红一团、红二团纵横驰骋在陕甘边苏区的广大地区，牵制和打击敌军三个师的兵力，占敌军投入“围剿”作战总兵力的60％以上，有力地袭扰了西线、南线、西南线三个方面的敌军的“围剿”行动。 根据西北工委和西北军委的指示，红二十六军骑兵团由夏寺湾调往宜川、甘泉一带活动。5月21日，红二十六军骑兵团在宜川的屯石崾岘歼灭敌民团武装160余人。然后北上临镇。此时，西北前敌总指挥部命令骑兵团开赴延长作战，当骑兵团到达延长时，战斗已经胜利结束，西北前敌总指挥部遂将缴获的170余匹战马补充给绮兵团，扩建了第四连。此时骑兵团已拥有兵力500余人，战马500余匹。此后，骑兵团配合红一团又分别到宜川、鄜县、澄城、邰阳、宜君、中部一带开展游击活动，扫荡了观音堂、芝川、甘井镇、咎村等50余个反动民团据点，打土豪，分粮食，摧毁反动政权，又开辟了洛川、中部、宜君游击区，控制了咸榆大道，切断了敌军的交通运输线，牵制了南线敌四十二师冯钦哉部的进攻，有力地配合了西北红军主力兵团的作战。7月，骑兵团在完成任务后，又回到夏寺湾地区。 红二十六军第一团在黄子文、张文华率领下，进军宜君、中部一带开展游击战争，随后红一团退回陕甘边南区，配合第三路游击区的各游击队，以正宁湫头塬为中心，广泛开展游击战争。1935年3月，国民党军驻底庙的一个骑兵连进犯下南坡头，新正四支队阻击失利。红一团闻讯迎战，毙敌数人，余敌溃退。4月，回民支队在龙嘴子一带设伏袭击敌军一个骑兵连，俘敌连长以下7人，缴获步枪6支，机枪一挺。4月1日，红二十六军第一团和宁县三支队开赴宁县金村塬一带开展游击活动。当红一团由瓦扇子行军到金村庙附近，得知金村庙已驻扎敌三十五师马培清骑兵团。红一团立即向湘乐川转移。敌三十五师骑兵团倾巢出动，穷追不舍。当红一团由湘乐川北上盘克塬时，在半坡受到优势敌人前后夹击。在十分危急的情况下，红一团二连连长张治怀率领全连战士抢占盘克塬的一个高地，凭借有利地形阻击敌军，掩护主力突围。在二连的有力掩护下，团部及一连、先锋连、宁县三支队安全突围。但二连却陷入了敌军的重重包围之中。二连顽强抵抗，战斗从上午11时进行到下午3时，打退了敌军多次强攻，击毙敌补充营副营长以下10人。但终因众寡悬殊，难以在白天突围。于是，二连决定用缓兵之计迷惑敌军。“此时，红军阵地上走出一个人，经骑兵团长马培清询明，他本人是龙嘴子的回民，参加了红军。他们部队的番号是红一团，要求不要进攻，可商议缴械投降。……不久，日落天黑，尚不见红军出降，于是乘夜幕降临又发动攻击，红军已开始突围，突出高地，跳崖而走，战斗不久即行结束。此役骑兵团伤亡官兵10余人，红军方面，除阵亡者外，被俘30余人，内中一部分人要求回家，在金村庙就地释放了。尚有在湫头塬被红军俘去三十五师二0八团二营列兵数人，送回了原营，余下20来人，一半送交师部，一半留骑兵团编为一班。这班人直到北上的中央红军在阜城战役中打垮了伪三十五师，仍归向红军去了。”① 金村庙战斗，红一团损失严重，团长陈国栋负重伤，二连长张怀治等30余人壮烈牺牲，20余人被俘。但这次战斗表现了红一团这支新组建的红军部队顽强作战、不怕牺牲的品格和优秀的政治素质。红一团突围后，转移到九岘塬桃树庄一带休整补充。战后第四天，宁县三支队指挥员刘永培受党组织派遣从小石崖前往金村庙一带收容失散和受伤的红军战士，失散的战士陆续回到红军部队，被俘的红军战士也最终返回红军的怀抱，表现了坚定的革命立场。 根据西北军委的命令，红二十六军第二团坚持在陕甘边苏区的西北部和东北部开展游击活动。4月21日，红二团在杨青川伏击敌八十六师井岳秀部警三团一个骑兵连，全歼敌军，并将缴获的战马扩建了一个骑兵排。5月20日，又在保安县顺宁川和安塞川的五城镇，全歼敌民团100余人。接着北上定边，深入敌八十六师的后方地区活动，摧毁了张廷祥匪部设在韩家集的一个修械所，扫荡了敌人的保甲政权，逼迫张廷芝、张廷祥匪部撤回其靖边、安边老巢。然后，红二团又挥师南下，奔袭驻守吴旗镇之敌民团，解放了吴旗镇。红二团在两个来月的游击活动中，粉碎了敌八十六师警三团对保安苏区的“围剿”，开辟定边以东靖边以西、以北的大片游击根据地。6月，红二团奉西北军委的命令，参加西北红军主力兵团作战序列，北上靖边作战。 在红二十六军部分主力部队坚持在陕甘边苏区开展游击战争的同时，南梁中心区的地方红军武装也不畏强暴，积极开展对敌斗争。3月，庆阳游击队大部编入红四十二师第三团，随主力北上陕北，剩余人员在元城进行整编。王宝珊任庆阳游击队政委，下辖环县、镇原、定边3个游击队。整编后，庆阳游击队时而集中，时而分散，灵活多样地开展斗争，部队得到很快发展，达到100余人。4月中旬，庆阳游击队突破敌三十五师马鸿宾部的包围后，在麻地台又一次进行整编，正式成立庆北游击队，下辖两个大队，7个分队。庆北游击队成立后奉命在保安、吴旗、定边、靖边一带开展游击活动。8月，李培福联络失散的老游击队员李树林、田生弟等十二人，以此为骨干，在二将川一带重新组织起庆华游击队，共60余人。庆华游击队在南梁地区打击敌人，发动群众，恢复红色政权。此时，红二十五军长征来到陇东泾川一带，敌三十五师前去阻击，南梁中心区一带敌人大部撤离，李培福，李树林等人加紧南梁根据地的恢复工作，先后恢复了温台区、柔远区、城壕区、白豹区的红色政权。9月，恢复建立了庆北办事处，这时；南梁根据地中心区基本上得到了恢复。1935年9月下旬，华池战区成立。华池战区管辖原庆北县和华池县的红色政权。在华池战区的领导下，南梁根据地人民拆碉堡、平战壕，重建家园，迅速消除战争创伤，各区、乡、村的红色政权都逐步恢复和建立。南梁又回到了人民的手中。 四、西北红军主力兵团的反“围剿”作战行动 （一）杨家园战斗和马家坪战斗的胜利，安定县城的解放 当红二十六军第四十二师第一团、第二团、骑兵团及地方红军游击队坚持在陕甘边苏区牵制和打击南线、西线、西南线“进剿”的敌军主力的时候，红二十六军第四十二师第三团和西北抗日义勇军与陕北红二十七军八十四师组成的西北红军主力兵团集中兵力，横扫陕北战场的敌八十四师高桂滋部，连续取得了辉煌的胜利。 4月下旬，敌八十四师和八十六师各一部向陕北苏区发动“围剿”，敌人步步进逼，修寨筑碉，向苏区中心区实施向心挤压。4月30日，敌八十四师一个营进驻清涧县与安定县之间的杨家园，修筑碉堡，建立据点，妄图在根据地中心区楔入久扎。西北军委前敌总指挥部和刘志丹决心乘敌立足未稳，歼灭强敌。 5月7日拂晓，西北红军主力兵团分三路，向杨家园据点的敌军发起攻击。一路以红二十六军西北抗日义勇军为主攻部队，从蜜蜂峪出发，向玉皇峁进攻，夺取制高点。一路是红二十七军第一团，从魏家岔出发向杨家园西街据点进攻。一路是红二十七军第二团从冯家岔出发向杨家园东街据点进攻。当红二十六军西北抗日义勇军接近玉皇峁寨时，发现寨墙很高，不好攀登，地形又狭窄，兵力无法展开，不宜强攻。刘志丹毅然下令，撤消进攻计划，部队退回原地待命。 这时，杨家园之敌发现了红军的行动，当各路红军撤退时，敌自恃兵力多，装备好，气焰嚣张，竟然兵分两路尾随追击红军。一路向红二十六军西北抗日义勇军追击；一瞬间红二十七军第一团追击。红二十七军第一团边阻击，边撤退，退至吴家寨一带。这时，赤卫军报告，安定县瓦窑堡驻敌一个连前来增援杨家园敌军，正向吴家寨前进。红二十七军第一团一面将敌情上报西北军委前敌总指挥部，一面将部队埋伏于铺口上。8时许，敌军增援部队进入红军埋伏圈。红军指挥员一声令下，全团战士如猛虎下山，立刻将敌前卫排全歼，敌后续部队吓得调头逃跑。红军战士乘胜直追，在张家峁一带将敌全歼，俘敌100余人，缴获步枪90余支，轻机枪9挺。 此时杨家园的敌军已追至吴家寨，并于10时左右进占吴家寨及其后山制高点。红二十七军第一团立刻向吴家寨及其后山发起冲击，敌军见势不妙，抢占白家园后山老虎坞，并在园峁高地，修筑工事，企图依山顽抗。这时敌军已脱离杨家园据点的工事依托，处于野战状态。西北军委前敌总指挥部立即命令各红军部队围歼顽敌。红二十六军第三团和西北抗日义勇军抢占如天山、大小坞山制高点，然后分左右两路向老虎坞发动钳形攻势。西北抗日义勇军奋勇冲锋，越战越勇，手榴弹打光了，就捡起敌人未及揭盖甩来的手榴弹，“回敬”给敌军，一连甩回了30多枚，攻入了敌阵地。红二十六军第三团也以迅猛果断的战术，攻占敌前沿阵地。敌抵抗不住，被迫退至园峁高地。此刻，红二十七军第一团、第三团也从侧翼击敌背后，遂将敌压入沟底全歼。杨家园战斗胜利结束。此役红军毙伤俘敌500余人，缴获骑、步枪500余支，轻机枪27挺。 5月7日，敌八十四师一个营兵力护送400余驮军用物资及军官家属，由绥德经清涧前往安定县瓦窑堡。清涧城地下党组织得到敌情报告后，立即通过赤卫军报告西北军委前敌总指挥部。由于西北红军主力兵团尚在进行杨家园战斗，暂时无法前往歼敌，前敌总指挥部决定，先以地方红军游击队和赤卫军对敌实施包围，待主力红军赶到后，再歼灭这股顽敌。 7日中午12时，当该敌进至马家坪时，立刻陷入陕北游击队九支队、秀延县武工队及万余名赤卫军、少先队的包围之中，敌前卫班12人当即被歼。敌军不知虚实，见红军来势凶猛，慌忙在马家坪卸下辎重，占领有利地形构筑工事进行防御抵抗。8日，敌先后向西、向东突围，均被九支队，秀延县武工队击退，9日，刘志丹率西北红军主力兵团赶到，立即发起围歼战。红二十六军第三团向马家坪北面的东山梁发起冲击；西北抗日义勇军从单头村由西向东，侧击马家坪之敌，红二十七军第一团向马家坪南面的西山梁冲去；红二十七军第二团从秋峪沟由东向西，侧击马家坪之敌。陕北游击队九支队和赤卫军布下天罗地网，等待捕捉溃散之兵。红军主力兵团以泰山压顶之势，从四面八方向敌发起总攻，经两个小时的激战，全歼敌军。马家坪战斗共歼敌正规军500余人、“铲共义勇军”及地主民团100余人，缴获长短枪450支，轻机枪27挺，八二迫击炮两门，重机枪两挺，单军衣2000余套，银币20000余元，医疗器械8驮（16大箱）及其他军用物资一批。 杨家园战斗和马家坪战斗的连续胜利，打开了陕北反“围剿”斗争的新局面。这两次战斗，共计歼敌八十四师两个营又一个连，俘敌近干人，缴获步枪千余支，轻重机枪56挺，迫击炮两门，给敌以沉重的打击，使其收缩据点，不敢小股出扰。5月10日，敌安定县城和延川永坪镇的守军在西北红军主力兵团强大威力的震慑下，弃城而逃。红军乘胜前进，解放安定县城。这是西北红军解放的第一座县城。 杨家园和马家坪战斗的胜利，是西北红军主力兵团、游击队和赤卫军、武工队等多层次武装力量体系联合作战的模范战例。战前，根据地群众立即行动起来，家家户户磨白面，碾小米，做豆腐，准备蔬菜，杀猪宰羊。男女老少人背、驴驮，川流不息地把军粮、猪肉、鸡蛋、蔬菜送到红军部队。干部、赤卫军、游击队员还分头给红军带路，侦察敌情，广大人民群众严格保守军事秘密，侦察敌情，严密封锁消息，造成了有利于我不利于敌的良好条件。战斗中，赤卫军、游击队和人民群众踊跃参战，救护伤员，送水送饭，打扫战场，不