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Chapter 19 Chapter 16 The Decline of the Southern Dynasties Southern Dynasties Song Qi Liang Chen

Outline of National History 钱穆 2802Words 2018-03-16
Song Eight Emperors, sixty years.
Qi Qidi, twenty-four years.
Emperor Liang Si, fifty-six years.
Chen Wudi, thirty-three years. One hundred and seventy years before and after, it was the Southern Dynasty. During this period, Northern China was also unified and became the Northern Dynasty. Compared with the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Wuhu is not as good as the Eastern Jin Dynasty.Compared with the Southern Dynasties and the Northern Dynasties, the Northern Dynasties are better than the Southern Dynasties. The Jin Dynasty moved eastward, and the well-dressed and well-dressed families led the way across the river. The strength of those who stayed in the north was weak, and they were not enough to reincarnate. However, the influence of the Sinicization of the Hus was still young, so the south was better than the north at that time.The Nandu people are all Qingliu of Wei and Jin. They have many shortcomings, which have become more and more obvious over time, and have gradually declined. Therefore, the world fortune of the Southern Dynasty is not as good as that of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

The Han people who stayed in the north were all of a slightly inferior family at that time, which was not enough for the purpose of "clear and elegant".However, just like this, it is still possible to preserve some of the more valuable true culture of the Han nationality, and after the turmoil and hardships, the spirit has turned new and healthy.The Hus were also familiar with Sinicization for a long time, and they were able to cooperate with the northern scholar-bureaucrats, and their political education was gradually on track. Therefore, the world fortune of the Northern Dynasty was better than that of the Wuhus.

Comparing the north and the south, the north advances to the south and retreats, and the southern dynasty finally merges with the north. The spirit of family status has maintained the world for more than two hundred years in the Jin Dynasty. Although they do not work hard for world affairs, they can still protect their family well.Celebrities talk about it, and if they want to indulge their emotions and ambitions outside, they have their own family style inside.Tracing back to the source of their family education style, they still cannot escape the tradition of the Eastern Han dynasty. The families of Liu and Xiao have humble surnames, which are different from those of the Sima family.

When Liu Yu was young, he felled Di Xinzhou, and was arrested for taking money from Diao Kui Society.Xiao Daocheng called himself "Su Clan", and Xiao Yan and Daocheng were of the same clan.Chen Baxian first worked in the Yixing Xu family, first served as Lisi, and then served as an oil depot official. They are quite thinking about opposing the Jin Dynasty, suppressing famous families, advocating the superior and suppressing the inferior, so they mostly use poor people to grasp the secrets. When the Shihan clan boarded the main road, they took the lead as "good fortune".Emperor Wu of Qi said: "Scholars only let the book's ear, and they can't bear Jingguo. Jingguo and Liu Xizong are enough." This shows the psychology of both sides at that time.Emperor Wu of Liang and his son were the best at literature and talk, but the whole world complained that Emperor Wu of Liang and his son loved villains and neglected scholars and bureaucrats.

But the spirit of family status is originally the main pillar of Jiangnan.If you despise your family background, without a replacement, you will be in vain.The result of the failure became worse. The emperors of the Southern Dynasties were punished by the loneliness of the royal family of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and their families were prosperous. Therefore, the inner court often appointed poor people, while the outer vassal entrusted the clan.However, cold people are not enough to obey the hearts of scholar-bureaucrats, and the clan and powerful vassals cannot be loyal and loyal, which will cause the disaster of flesh and blood to be slaughtered.

In the systems of Song and Qi, all the kings came out as governors, and established a long history to assist them.Most of the kings used their childish years to entrust them with respect, but those who were in charge of their affairs were all long histories and codes.1. After it was reintroduced, the two emperors of the Ming Dynasty all entered into the Datong with side branches, and they were very tolerant.Although the former emperor's descendants were in Tongru, they all met their enemies by force.Those who occupy the powerful vassals and occupy important places are enough to lose their lives in the hands of the lottery.At that time, those who were in charge of signing the code were all mild-tempered and risky people, who either pretended to be on top of them to call chaos, or sold them for merit.The kings of Liang all came out of their primes in their prime, not in the same way as the sons of Song and Qi emperors.However, the capital has changed, and none of them have the same reward for the loyalty of the royal family.When Hou Jing besieged Taicheng, the followers of Rulun, Ruyi, Ruji, and Rucha all supported their soldiers and refused to save them. They entrusted their ancestors and fathers to feed the bandits.In Gai Nan Dynasty, apart from famous scholars, the morale rate of talents was even lower.

The emperors of the Song Dynasty slaughtered their own flesh and bones, and the barbarians feared that they would never end.Among Song Wu's nine sons, forty grandsons, and sixty-seven great-grandsons, seven or eight out of ten died of accidents, and none of them survived. The chaos in the palace has no ethics, especially unprecedented in history. However, the desolation of the emperors of the Song and Qi dynasties is almost unbelievable. In the Song Dynasty, it was like Yuan Shao Shao who killed his father. former deposed emperor, For the elder sister, Princess Shanyin, set up the first 30 people.Longitudinal dung father's mausoleum.He called his uncle Xiangdong King "Pig King".I want to pay the Taiguan to slaughter pigs.He also ordered the left and right to rape Yang Guifei, the mother of Jian'an Wang Xiuren.

After the abolition of the emperor. At the age of five or six, he can climb the pole with a lacquer stick.Want to cook medicine for Queen Mother Poison.Draw Xiao Daocheng's belly as an arrow stack.At night, I went to Xin'an Temple to steal dogs and cook food. Qi is like the king of Yu Lin, He also placed about 30 men for his mother, the Queen Mother.When his father was sick and died, he announced the good news to his wife.His wife, He Shi, indulged in adultery.Seeing the money, he said: "I used to think that you couldn't use one, but today I can use you?" Marquis of Donghun,

Taste the mouse-catching at night.My father didn't cry when he mourned, and he blamed the cloud for a sore throat.So he took the killing of the prime minister as a task, and the eunuchs returned home wrapped in fish and meat.More than 20 trips in January.The bound wild rice (gu) is in the form of a father, beheaded, and hung at the gate of the garden. All of these are absurd and suspicious.However, if one is given an environment that can be used to one's heart's content, one is also accustomed to some theories that one doesn't care about, and one does not receive a corresponding education, the tendency will naturally come to this.

The ancient aristocratic class had its own traditional and profound education.In the Western Han Dynasty, the common people were regarded as the son of heaven, and not all the princes and kings were educated, and they were not passed on to spread lawlessness, and most of them were beasts.Therefore, Jia Yi strongly said that the first thing to do in governance is to educate the prince.And the court education in the Han Dynasty also had laws and regulations. The royal family of the Southern Dynasties grew up in rich and noble families, and they were only slightly influenced by the unrestrained customs of the famous scholars, but they did not immerse themselves in the family education and family style of the famous scholars, nor did they appreciate the mysteries and ideas discussed by the famous scholars. far.In the way ahead of them, there is only love and nonsense.

If it is done by a celebrity, it will be a visit to friends on a snowy night. If there is no knowledge and no cultivation, it will become Dadan catching mice. Celebrities do it for them, but if they are ignorant and uncultivated, they will go to the temple to steal dogs to eat. Zhuang and Lao said that they abandoned the "famous teaching" and returned to "nature". They did not teach people to exercise in family groups and political organizations.Celebrities in the Wei and Jin Dynasties talked about nature while adhering to famous teachings, so they said that famous teachings and nature "will never be the same".The royal family of the Southern Dynasties lacked the edification of etiquette and could not devote themselves to the simplicity of nature.Those who despise world affairs will wander and never return; those who pay attention to reality will be cruel and ruthless, usurping and killing in circles, with no bottom to stop. There is only one old man Xiao Yan, who is frugal in Chinese and as diligent as Wang Mang, who can be called the leader of the Southern Dynasty.However, his ideological conception cannot exceed the scope of being famous in the world.Not only did he convert himself to Buddhism, but he also favored fake scholar-bureaucrats. As a result, the upper and lower officials misunderstood state affairs in their idle discussions and speculations. It is said in history that Liang Wudun was elegant, simplified the criminal law, favored fake scholars too much, and the herdsman invaded the common people.It is also said that he is a good relative and a villain.Wang Wei called on Hou Jingcao, saying: "Since the age of Liang, he has used his power to cut and strip the people of Qi for his lust. If it is not the case, the public will try to see today's national pool garden, the prince's mansion, and the temple tower of monks and nuns. , as well as the reigning bureaucrats, Ji Jiang Baishi, thousands of servants, no farming, no weaving, rich clothes and fine food. If you don’t take away the people, where do you get them?” This shows the political customs at that time. At that time, the possible way out of the emperor stopped here.The dignity of the central government has not existed for a long time.The political theories since the Qin and Han Dynasties have also been abandoned for a long time.The support point of the world fortune below Wei and Jin is only in the aristocratic family.The moral concepts and ideals of life at that time had long been narrowed within the small scope of the family.The rise of the emperors in the Southern Dynasties was humble, and they wanted to overthrow the old situation of family lineage, but they couldn't come up with a new spirit, and the result could only get worse. Although the family status was the support point of the world fortune at that time, the family status itself has no strength and cannot withstand the storm.Therefore, when barbarians swarm up, they will avoid them; if powerful officials usurp theft, they will change their appearance.We can neither do our best to restore the Central Plains, nor can we maintain the peaceful discipline of the small court.In the constant political changes, those who sacrificed and slaughtered were not counted, and those who survived could not keep their dignity in the Qingping era. There were no meritorious officials and no martyrs in the Southern Dynasties.After Hou Jingbai, Wang Ke greeted Wang Sengbian, and Sengbian Lao Ke said: "It's very bitter, and I'm the king of Yidi." Ke couldn't be right.He asked again, "Where is the Xi Fu?" The long-standing superior and comfortable life only wears down their ability to fight for their own survival. The family motto of the Yan family: "The scholars of the Jiangnan dynasty, until now eighth or ninth generation, have not had any farmland, and they have received their salary. Those who have false orders, they all believe in child servants. I have never seen a poach of soil and a seedling. I don't know how many months it is now, How many months will it be collected, and will you be able to understand the rest of the world?" He also said: "When the Liang Dynasty was in its heyday, most of the children of Guiyou had no academic knowledge. As for the proverb: 'If you get on the car and don't leave it, you can write a book, and if you are in the body, you can be a secretary.' They all smoked their clothes and shaved their faces, put powder on them and put them on red, drove a cart with long eaves, wore high-toothed clogs, sat on a square mattress with mottled silk hidden pouches, played with the utensils on the left and right, walked in and out calmly, and looked like gods." After Hou Jing's rebellion, the noble families were wiped out. Yan's family motto: "The scholars and bureaucrats of the Liang Dynasty all admired the clothes and belts, and the crowns and high shoes. When they go out, they will be chariots, and when they come in, they will be accompanied by servants. There are no horses in the suburbs. And Hou Jing's chaos, the skin is fragile and the bones are soft, unbearable. Walking; weak body and weak energy, not resistant to cold and heat. Sitting and dying in a hurry often happens." He also said: "Jiankang ordered Wang Fu to be cowardly and elegant, and he had never ridden a horse. Seeing horses neighing at Lu Liang, everyone was shocked. It is said that people said: "It is a tiger, why is it called a horse?" Its custom is here." He also said: "After the chaos, the government was relocated, and the power and balance were elected. They are not relatives of the past; when Lu Bingquan, The party of the past is nowhere to be seen. Between the deer and the soldiers and horses, when they turn to die in the ravine. All the captives and Yu, although they have been crowned for thousands of years, do not know the book and reporter, and they all plow the fields and raise horses." Chen Ba first rose up as a humble man and proclaimed himself emperor. At that time, all the scholars from the dragon came out of the southern land, so the status of the northern nobles was further promoted. Xiao Xi died and the Jiangling nobles died. The clothes of Nandu are all gone, and the luck of Jiangdong is also gone.
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