Chapter 18 Chapter 15 Long-term Chaos in the North: Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms

The Jin family moved eastward, and their clothes traveled southward, and northern China fell into a long-term state of chaos.It is called the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms in history, and it lasted for 136 years. Wuhu: One, the Huns. One lived in Shanxi, and the founding of the country was the former Zhao. Another branch is in Zhangye, Hexi, and the founding of the country is Beiliang. Another branch went west from Shanxi, and the founding of the country was Xia. 2. Capricornus. Scattered in Shangdang Jieshi, the founding of the country was later Zhao. Three, Xianbei. The founding of the Murong family was called Qian Yan, Hou Yan, and Nan Yan.

The founding of the Tuoba clan was called Yuan Wei. The Duan family founded the country and called it Liaoxi. Yuwen's founding of the country is called the Northern Zhou Dynasty. The bald family lived in Hexi, and the founding of the country was called Nanliang. The Qifu family lived in Longxi, and the founding month was in the Western Qin Dynasty. Xianbei lived everywhere from Liaodong to Hexi, and the Murong and Tuoba clans were the most prosperous. Four, low. The Pu family of Lueyang founded the country and called it the former Qin Dynasty. Lueyang's Lue family founded the country and called it Houliang.

The Qingshui clan in Lueyang founded the country and called it Qiuchi. Five, Qiang. Burning Dangqiang Yao clan founded the country and called it Later Qin. The sixteen countries can be roughly divided into five categories in terms of separate territories: 1. Former Zhao and Later Zhao. 2. The former swallow, the later swallow, the southern swallow, and the northern swallow. 3. Former Qin, Later Qin, Western Qin, and Xia. 4. The front is cool, the back is cool, the south is cool, the north is cool, and the west is cool. Five, Shu. The situation before and after the sixteen countries can be divided into five periods:

Former Zhao Liubao lived in Jinyang, Liu Yuan lived in Lishi, and later moved to Pingyang.Liu Cong lives in Pingyang, and Liu Yao lives in Chang'an. The former Zhao was the first to prosper, and according to each of the four provinces of Yan, Jin, Henan, and Qin, Jin called Zhao and Shu "two bandits". Later Zhao Shile lived in Xiangguo.Shi Hu lives in Ye. Shi Le destroyed Liu Yao, occupying half of the northern part of China, and the north was almost unified. Shihu died, and the Xianbei, Di, and Qiang tribes took advantage of the opportunity, and the situation in the north changed drastically.At that time, Huanwen destroyed Shu, and the north soon became a situation where Yan and Qin were divided.

Former Yan Murong Hao lived in Longcheng.Murong Jun lived in Ji and moved to Ye. According to one part of Yan, Qi, Jin, Henan and Liaoning. Fu Jian lived in Chang'an in the former Qin Dynasty, and Fu Jian still lived there. It was not good for Huan Wen to attack Yan, Yan internal turmoil, Murong rushed to Qin, Qin Jinshi destroyed Yan.Since then, Fu Qin has flourished and entered the third period. According to Yan, Jin, Yu, and Qin each have one. Fu Qin ruled most of the northern part of China, with a vast area of ​​five Hu bandits, and then invaded the south and was defeated by the Feishui River, and the north was divided again.

Houyan Murong lived in Zhongshan. The territory is slightly like that of the former Yan, according to Helong, it was the Northern Yan; it was destroyed by Wei.Nanyan was destroyed by Jin. Later Qin Yao Chang lived in Chang'an. The territory covers the three provinces of Shaanxi, Gansu, and Henan, which were destroyed in Liuyu. Wei is in Pingcheng.Xia is in Tongwan.Cool in Guzang. Liu Yu entered Chang'an and returned with the north undecided.Eager to usurp the Jin Dynasty, it is for the Song Dynasty.Helian Bobo, the ruler of Xia, then occupied Chang'an, and his successor Xia and Liang merged with Wei one after another, forming the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

There are several reasons why the Hu people were able to rule northern China: All Husbands live in the interior, and they are all educated by the Han people, which is one of them. The northern aristocratic families who have not been relocated to the south will take the lead in cooperating with the Lakers. This is the second. The Hus united with each other by living in the Han land as guests, this is the third.

Fu Yi said: "The Qiang and Hu are of different species, living in the Central Xia, and the misfortunes and fortunes are sympathetic. The people of the Central Plains are not united, so the Yi and Di are few but strong, and the Chinese are numerous and weak. Shi Jilong died, Jiehu was in chaos, and Ran Min ordered the Hu people to be indifferent. Listen to those who wish to stay; or those who stay will be punished, and more than 200,000 people died. Di and Qiang were scattered, and each returned to its own division, and the division reached tens of thousands, so Fu and Yao Daixing."

Among the Huns, the Xiongnu were the earliest to be Sinicized. For example, Liu Yuan, Cong Yao, father and son, and their brothers were all involved in Sinology, so the Xiongnu was the first to do so.Xianbei has the deepest feeling of Suihua, so the northern scholar-bureaucrats also have the most officials in Xianbei.Xianbei was able to unify the Northern Zhuhu, and its fate was long, and it was the last to perish.Second to Xianbei is Di. According to Liu Kun's biography: "The remaining grains of Xianbei are collected inside, and the cattle and sheep with stumps are copied outside." Xianbei is also engaged in farming, while Hujie is still a nomad.In the fourth year of Yuankang, Murongxian moved to Dajicheng (now Yixian County, Liaoning).Teach the tribe to use the agricultural and mulberry legal system, which is the same as that of the previous country.This is the proof of the deep Sinicization of Xianbei.Wei Zhi’s 30th Pei Annotation quoted Wei Lue: “Di people have their own surnames, just like Chinese surnames. Harvest more than 100,000 dendrobiums from Digu", so Di also has farming.

Therefore, the person who succeeded Xianbei and flourished was Di.Xianbei is in the northeast, Di is in the northwest, and the construction of Wuhu is considerable. Jie rose from Xiongnu, and Qiang rose from Di.Therefore, the status of the second group is the most advanced, and the cultural construction is the worst. Although Zhu Hu is sinicized, his barbarism is difficult to get rid of suddenly, and it often occurs.The most obvious ones are prostitution and cruelty.But because of its prostitution, politics is often not on the right track, but because of its cruelty, the barbarians often slaughter repeatedly until they are wiped out.