Chapter 40 1st century 30s BC (70-61 BC)

1. In spring, on March 11th, the Western Han Dynasty (capital Chang'an) emperor (the tenth Emperor Xuan) Liu Bingji (22 years old this year) married Huo Guang's daughter Huo Chengjun as the queen, pardoning the world. At first, Empress Xu Pingjun came from a humble background and had only been on the throne for a short time, so her attendants, carriages, horses, and clothing were all very simple.But Huo Chengjun was born rich and noble, and was used to extravagance. His attendants, carriages, horses, and clothing were all majestic and grand.Rewards to her subordinates are often calculated in tens of millions, which is very different from Xu Pingjun's era.

2. In summer, on April 29th, forty-nine counties and states were hit by an earthquake on the same day.Some landslides, some city walls collapsed, some houses were destroyed, and more than 6,000 people died.The sacrificial temples of Liu Bang (the first Emperor) and Liu Heng (the fifth Emperor Wen) in Beihai (southeast of Changle County, Shandong Province) and Langye (Zhucheng City, Shandong Province). All counties were granted national Liu Bang and Liu Heng temples), and they were all destroyed. Liu Bing has issued an edict requesting that the prime ministers, censors (censors), marquises, and senior officials above the ministerial level (two thousand stones in the middle) should ask senior intellectuals who are proficient in Confucian classics: what is the significance of the earthquake?What warning does it mean?Don't have any taboos.He also ordered the "Sanfu" (Great Chang'an area), the Minister of Sacrifice (Taichang) and the counties near the capital Chang'an to seal the country, and recommended "Xianliang" and "Fangzheng" each.Amnesty to the world.Liu Bing has already put on plain clothes, and will meet in the side hall for five days.

Release Xia Housheng and Huang Ba (the two were arrested and imprisoned for protesting Liu Che's temple name and temple music, refer to May 1972).Appoint Xia Housheng as a commentator (remonstrance doctor) and former imperial supervisor (to Shizhong).Huang Ba was the supervisor (inspector) of Yangzhou (central Anhui Province and Jiangnan area).Xia Housheng is a man, honest and sincere, persistent, kind and approachable, without any official posture.Even when Liu was sick, he sometimes forgot to call him "Your Majesty" and called him "You".Or in front of Liu Bingji, call other officials by their aliases.Because of this, Liu Bing has trusted him even more.Once when he went to court, he told others about Liu's illness.Liu Bing has been reported and questioned him.Xia Housheng said: "Your Majesty's good words and good deeds, I deliberately told others. Yi Qi Fangxun's words are spread all over the world, and even today every household recites them. I think it can be spread, so I spread it."

Every time the government held important decision-making meetings, Liu Bing already knew Xia Housheng was upright, and told him: "Sir, just speak and don't take the past matters to heart." ), and later promoted to Taizi Shifu (Prince Taifu), died at the age of ninety.The Empress Dowager Shangguan rewarded Xia Housheng with a ceremony of two million yuan and wore plain clothes for five days to show her gratitude to her teacher (the Empress Dowager Shangguan once learned "Shangshu" from Xia Housheng, refer to the first seven or four years).Confucian scholars and experts are all proud of it.

3. In May, phoenixes gathered in Anqiu County (Anqiu County, Shandong Province) and Chunyu County (northeast of Anqiu County) in Beihai County. 4. Liu Qu, the king of Guangchuan (the capital of Xindu) (the grandson of Liu Yue, the son of Liu Qi, the sixth Emperor Jingdi), was accused of falsely murdering his master and more than ten concubines, or pouring lead and tin juice into his mouth, or Cut the corpse into eight pieces, boil it with poison, and make it rot.He was exiled to Shangyong (Tianjiaba, southwest of Zhushan County, Hubei Province), and committed suicide. Bo Yang said: Among his wives, Liu Qu loves two beauties the most: Wang Zhaoping and Wang Diyu.When she was mad with love, she vowed to make them queens.However, an illness changed the situation drastically.When Liu Qu fell ill, another beautiful woman, Yangcheng Zhaoxin (Yangcheng, last name), served the decoction and medicine with great affection.Her powerful charm made Liu Qu love her deeply.Once, Liu went to play and hug Wang Diyu, and was surprised to find a sharp knife hidden in Wang Diyu's sleeve.Arrest and torture were ordered, and Wang Diyu confessed that she conspired with Wang Zhaoping to assassinate Yangcheng Zhaoxin.So Wang Zhaoping was arrested and tortured again, but Wang Zhaoping insisted that he didn't know about it.Liu Qu ordered the interrogator to stab him sharply with an iron awl. Wang Zhaoping's face was stabbed into a mass of flesh and blood, so he had to admit it.

Liu Qu then called all the concubines for a public trial.Liu Qu personally hacked Wang Diyu to death with a sword, and taught Yangcheng Zhao to slash Wang Zhaoping with a sword.The two beauties died instantly by the sword.Yangcheng Zhaoxin was far-sighted and said: "Those maidservants of the two vixen may leak it." So, three more poor maidservants were hanged.Later, Yangcheng Zhaoxin fell ill and dreamed that the ghost of Wang Zhaoping was demanding her life, so she told Liu Qu.Liu Qu roared and said: "This female bandit may still come to scare me and destroy them completely." He ordered the bodies of the two beauties to be dug up and burned to ashes.

In the end, Liu went to Liyangcheng Zhaoxin to be the queen.Yangcheng Zhaoxin's vicious heart is directly proportional to her beautiful appearance, and she wants to completely control Liu Qu.This is certainly not an easy task, but it leads to a series of more brutal killings. Liu went to another favorite beauty, Tao Wangqing, named Mrs. Xiumi, who was in charge of silk and satin.Another beloved beauty, Cui Xiucheng, named Mrs. Mingzhen, is in charge of palace affairs (Yongxiang).Yangcheng Zhaoxin made a small report to Liu Qu, saying: "Tao Wangqing doesn't respect me and has no manners; she also dresses more beautifully than me, and often rewards the palace people with noble silk and satin." Liu Qu said, "You said Tao Wangqing's bad words are useless and cannot reduce my trust in her. Unless she has committed adultery with a wild man - I will boil her to death in a cauldron." This sentence reminded the dreamer that Yangcheng Zhaoxin changed his methods, starting from adultery. proceed.

Soon, Yangcheng Zhaoxin told Liu Qu, "There is one thing you must pay attention to. A while ago, the painter came to paint Tao Wangqing's house, and Tao Wangqing sat beside him, deliberately taking off his clothes to reveal his shoulders. Huo often goes to the South Study Room to peek at the little boy, and I'm afraid the inside story is not simple." Liu Qu was really suspicious, and replied, "Please look carefully." From then on, he became indifferent to Tao Wangqing.Later, Liu went to the Queen Yangcheng Zhaoxin to have a banquet and drink together. The young wives, dressed in fragrant clothes and shadows on their temples, served by the side. Of course Tao Wangqing was also present.Liu Qu felt very uncomfortable, and sang a song he composed himself—let's call it "The Song of Liu Qu":

"Betrayed your upbringing / like a dead flower / fluttering / what a wonderful idea / you are trying to be brave / you are running around / you are falling into the net / how loving you were / now, you still What hope!" While singing, teach the little wives to follow the harmony.After singing, Liu Qu said with a stern face: "Among you, there are some people who know it well." Including Tao Wangqing, although they were afraid, they didn't know who they were referring to.Only Queen Yangcheng Zhaoxin knew who it was referring to, and knew that the bewitching poison she had injected into Liu Qu's body had already taken effect, and if he kicked again, it would explode.So he provided secret information to Liu Qu, saying: "Tao Wangqing often goes to the dormitory of the imperial guards (lang) and small staff (officials), and he knows who sleeps on which bed, even the name." Officer Commander (Lang Zhongling) Jin was flirting with her, the two may have a relationship in bed."

As expected, Liu Qu roared like thunder, and together with Yangcheng Zhaoxin, led a group of young wives, went to Tao Wangqing's house, stripped her naked, beat her up first, and ordered the other concubines to use red-hot iron bars to burn Tao Wangqing's jade. body.Tao Wangqing wailed and fled for her life, throwing herself into a well to beg for death, Yangcheng Zhaoxin rescued her urgently—rescuing her was not to spare her, but to make her suffer even more.After binding her hands and feet, she stuffed Tao Wangqing's vulva with a wooden stake, and then cut off her nose, lips, and tongue.Yangcheng Zhaoxin said to Liu Qu: "I killed Wang Zhaoping in the past, but she frightened me in her dream. I want to boil Tao Wangqing to death and teach her not to be able to form." So he chopped Tao Wangqing into pieces and put them in a large pot. Sprinkle with peach ash poison and cook.Teach other beauties to watch around, one day and one night, a beautiful woman with a thousand charms boiled into a ball of meat paste.Liu went to Yangcheng Zhaoxin, and even killed Tao Du, sister of Tao Wangqing, who was also Ji's concubine, and a pair of sisters died at the same time.

Of course Liu Qu is not satisfied with the queen as a woman, and often drinks and has fun with another beautiful woman, Rong Ai.Yangcheng Zhaoxin stretched out his poisonous hand again, using a kind of charming skill to make the other party trust, and told Liu Qu: "Looking at Rong Ai's expression and eyes, she is in a trance and uneasy. I suspect that she has ulterior motives with others." At this time, Rong Ai was embroidering Liu Qu's square neckline, but Liu Qu grabbed it and threw it into the fire.Rong Ai suddenly realized that the evil claw had caught her, and she didn't want to be tortured by Tao Wangqing, so she escaped and threw herself into the well.As usual, Yangcheng Zhaoxin didn't let her go, and after rushing to rescue her, he beat her painfully.Rong Ai couldn't bear the punishment, so she had to admit to adultery with the doctor.After "breaking the heart's defense", "voluntarily confessing" and "confessing frankly", of course there is this fact.The green hat drove Liu Qu crazy, tied Rong Ai to the pillar, stabbed her eyes like autumn water with a red-hot ear knife, and cut off the flesh on her buttocks piece by piece.Rong Ai wailed in blood, and Liu Qu ordered the molten lead juice to be forced into Rong Ai's mouth, and the poor beauty was relieved.Then he chopped off her limbs and buried her with thorny thorns.So with thorny thorns, To keep her soul forever in torment. However, this was just the beginning. Yangcheng Zhaoxin, the beauty favored by Liu Qu, had her own unique method to frame her. Fourteen people were killed in total, and they were all buried in the Changshou Palace where the Queen Mother (Liu Qu's mother) lived. in the palace. Liu Qu's atrocities were finally discovered. In an absolutely feudal and autocratic society, for a powerful and powerful giant, the process was tortuous and bloody.Like Tao Aiqing's mother, in order to claim her two daughters, Liu went to kill her again.In this regard, we will no longer report, but only discuss the outcome of the whole case.The outcome of the whole case is that Liu Qu only cut off the king and exiled him to Shangyong, which is 900 kilometers away by air, and rewarded him with 500 households as his Tang Muyi (the land taxes and taxes of 500 households, paid to him).What is the reason?Where is the law of the country? "Prince breaking the law" is not the same as civilians breaking the law. Unlimited power is terrifying, and if Liu Qu is an emperor, he will be even more irresistible.Fortunately, he is only a prince, and the people finally have a channel to sue.Liu Qu is proficient in all the classics of the Confucian school, "Book of Filial Piety", and he writes good articles, but he is so cruel.It shows that neither education nor knowledge can resist the poison of power.Without checks and balances, power will harm both others and itself.Young girls often dream of "Prince Charming", and Liu Qu is a typical "Prince Charming"-he is expensive and versatile.However, China's "Prince Charming" are almost all cruel people, because China lacks a system of restraining the evil behavior of those in power and a cultural tradition of respecting human dignity, which often makes a person who should be very cute become ferocious. 1. In spring, on the first month, the star Porpoise appears in the western sky. 2. Liu Yanshou, king of Chu (capital Pengcheng) in the Western Han Dynasty (capital Chang'an), believed that Liu Xu, king of Guangling (capital Guangling), was the son of the seventh emperor (Emperor Wu) Liu Che. If there was any change in the world, Liu Xu would definitely ascend The throne of the emperor, so he secretly moved closer to him; he married Zhao Heqi, the half-brother of his wife and queen, to marry Liu Xu's daughter.Because of this in-law relationship, Zhao Heqi was sent to send a letter to Liu Xu.The letter said: "I hope you will widen your eyes and ears, and don't gain the world behind others' backs." There must be an inside story, but unfortunately we don’t know what the inside story is), the Emperor of the Western Han Dynasty (the tenth Emperor Xuan) Liu Bingji (23 years old this year) handed it over to the competent officials for verification. In winter, in November, Liu Yanshou committed suicide, and the central government did not punish Liu Xu. 3. On December 30, a solar eclipse. 4. This year (the first six or nine years), Yu Dingguo was the Minister of Justice (Ting Wei).Yu Dingguo handles difficult cases, insists on reasonableness, reasonableness and legality, and shows mercy to the lonely.All crimes for which there is no positive evidence are given light sentences, and great care is taken.Government officials unanimously praised, saying: "When Zhang Shizhi is the Minister of Justice, there will be no wrongful prison in the world; when Yu Dingguo is the Minister of Justice, the people who are executed will know that they will never be wronged." 1. In the spring, Huo Guang, the supreme commander (general) of the Western Han Dynasty (capital Chang’an), was seriously ill. The Emperor of the Western Han Dynasty (the tenth Emperor Xuan) Liu Bingji (24 years old this year) personally went to Huo’s mansion to condolences. He was so sad that he couldn’t help it. cry.Huo Guang wrote a letter to thank you, wishing to divide the fief into three thousand households, and requesting that the grandson of his elder brother Huo Qubing, the director of the imperial car (Captain of Fengche), be a marquis of Huoshan, and enshrine Huo Qubing's incense (Huo Qubing's son Huo Shan, inheriting Huo Qubing's champion marquis Canonization. Huo Shan passed away, no son to inherit, the feudal state was removed. And Huo Guang please adopt Huo Shan, the son of Huo Shan's younger brother, to inherit Huo Shan's title).After Liu Bing returned to the palace, he announced immediately that day and appointed Huo Guang's son Huo Yu as the right general. On March 8, Huo Guang passed away.Liu Bing has followed the empress dowager to mourn in Huo Guang's mourning hall in person (this is a great honor).Appoint a senior minister (zhongerqianshi) as funeral officer.Reward the coffin burial utensils, which are the same as the imperial coffin utensils used by the emperor.The posthumous title was "Xuancheng" (Boluhou), and soldiers from the armed forces in the Sanhe (Weihe, Jinghe, Luohe) areas were recruited to build a high mound for Huo Guang.There are 300 households in the cemetery (Yuanyi), and there are also administrators (chiefs) and secretaries (chengs) who are responsible for sweeping and offering sacrifices.Exemption from taxes forever, from generation to generation. The Supreme Inspector General (Censor Doctor) Wei Xiang, on the "Personal Envoy Secret Memorial" (in ancient times, the memorial reports submitted by the ministers were all in open envelopes. If the matter is confidential, to prevent leakage, it should be sealed and the emperor will dismantle it personally. Therefore, it is called "Fengshi"), saying: "The country has recently lost its supreme commander (Huo Guang). Your Majesty had better promote a high-ranking official to replace him. Don't let the power fall into a vacuum, so as not to cause competition. I think the chariot general Zhang Anshi is the most suitable Don't let him also be the Commander of the Imperial Guard (leading Guanglu Honor). If the Commander of the Imperial Guard is absent, his son Zhang Yanshou will take over." Coincidentally, Liu Bingji also had this intention. Therefore, in the summer, on April 17, Zhang Anshi was appointed as the supreme commander of the national armed forces (Da Sima) and general of chariots and cavalry, in charge of court secrets (collar secretary). 2. The phoenix came to the country of Lu (the capital of Lu County), and flocks of birds followed.Amnesty to the world. 3. In order to repay Huo Guang's great kindness in promoting himself as emperor, Liu Bing has issued an imperial edict to make Huo Shan, the grandson of Huo Guang's elder brother Huo Qubing, the Marquis of Leping, and appointed him as the Royal Chariot Director (Fengche Duwei), in charge of the court confidential. Wei Xiang, the Supreme Inspector General, submitted the "Secret Records" (Secrets) through Changcheng Lord Xu Guanghan, saying: "The Spring and Autumn Annals satirizes the hereditary system of state officials (doctors) (refer to "Gongyang Zhuan Yingong Three Years 》), hated that the three kings of the Song Dynasty did not have state officials (the three kings: the 20th Xianggong Zifu, the 21st Chenggong Wang Chen, and the 23rd Zhaogong Chujiu. Traditionally, the monarchs all married foreign monarchs. daughters, but these three monarchs married the daughters of state officials, and their status was equal to those of state officials. There was no distinction between internal and external. The nineteenth monarch, Xigong Ji Shen), plunged the country into chaos. Since 1887, the Western Han Dynasty government has been unable to control Salary, state power, is held in the hands of senior officials at the prime minister level (referring to Shangguan Jie, Huo Guang, etc.). Now that Huo Guang has passed away, his son (Huo Yu) continues to serve as the right general, his nephew and grandson preside over the center (Huo Shan is in charge of court secrets), brothers and sons-in-law , all of them live in important positions and hold military power. Mrs. Huo Guang, Huo Xian and her daughter have a special pass to enter and leave Changxin Palace (the residence of Shangguan Empress Dowager) at any time, and even open the palace gate in the middle of the night. They are free to come and go, proud and luxurious, indulgent Unruly, I am afraid that I will gradually lose restraint. The emperor should find a way to weaken their power and eliminate the unformed conspiracy, so as to consolidate the foundation of the royal family and preserve the heroes for future generations." According to the usual practice, two copies of the memorial to the emperor must be copied at the same time; the memorial is sent to the Palace Secretariat (Shangshu), and the minister in charge of confidentiality first opens the copy for review.Those deemed inappropriate shall be shelved together with the original copy.Wei Xiang then suggested through Xu Guanghan to abolish the copy to prevent deception. Liu Bing already thought it was very good, so he ordered Wei Xiang to concurrently serve as the former imperial supervisor (for the matter) and participate in decision-making. 4. Liu Bing was born in the folk, and he knows that the life of the folk is difficult.After Huo Guang's death, he presided over the government himself and worked hard to govern.Every five days, an imperial meeting is held, and officials below the prime minister make reports on the affairs they are responsible for.Based on their statements, examine their grades.Even the court attendants (servants) and court secretaries (shangshu) are generously rewarded for their meritorious service or special performance, even their descendants, which has become a practice and has never changed.The core organization of the central government is very strict, and all kinds of laws and regulations are well-established and peaceful, and no one follows them.Whoever appoints the governor (inspector), the county chief (shou), and the prime minister (prime minister) of the state must personally interview and inquire, observe his ambition, and then examine his behavior and what he said at the beginning, and verify them one by one.When encountering a discrepancy between words and deeds, what is the reason for it?Liu Bingji often said: "The reason why the people are happy to settle in their hometown for a long time, without lamentation, sorrow, or resentment, is mainly due to political clarity and judicial fairness. The people who govern the world with me do not all depend on the heads of states and counties!" Liu Bing already understood that the county chief is the cornerstone of the country's stability, and that frequent changes will cause troubles for officials and the people.If the people know that the sheriff will be in office for a long time, they will not dare to deceive him and perfunctory him, so that they can obey his teachings.Therefore, if the head of the local government has made outstanding achievements, Liu Bingji used a formal edict to encourage and praise, or increase his salary, or reward him with money, and even conferred the title of quasi-marquis—Marquis of Guannei.When there is a vacancy for officials above the ministerial level of the central government (public ministers), they will be selected from among the chiefs of states and counties who have been praised, and they will be promoted and appointed in accordance with the order of rank.Therefore, the politics of the Western Han Dynasty was the clearest at this time (the 1930s), and it was called "Zhongxing". 5. The Shanyu (eleventh term) of the Xiongnu Khanate (the royal court is located in Harhelin City, Mongolia) passed away, and his younger brother Zuoxian King Suoda Xulu Quanqu succeeded to the throne (twelfth term).Marry the daughter of the commander of the western corps (the right general) as the great queen (Da Yanshi), and demote the queen of the main palace (Zhuanquyan clan) whom the elder brother Suohu Yanda (eleventh term) loves; the queen of the main palace Dad, the director of the Eastern Military Region (Zuo Daqiequ), was very angry (the customs of the Huns Khanate, when a brother dies, the younger brother must marry his wife; , the northern nomads are like this. Until the Jurchen Jin Empire in the 12th century AD, this tradition was still maintained. Therefore, the queen of the main palace was left out, and even the father was furious).At this time, the Han Dynasty knew that the Hun Khanate's national strength had declined, and it could no longer launch an attack. It removed all advanced bases outside the frontier fortresses (such as the surrendered city and the Zhelu barrier), so that the people could rest. Xu Lu Quanqu was very pleased with this measure of the Han Dynasty, and held a noble meeting in an attempt to reconcile with the Han Dynasty and restore the old friendship.The director of the Eastern Military Region sabotaged it and suggested: "In the past, the Han Dynasty sent envoys to go ahead and the army to follow. We might as well follow their example, sending envoys to the Han Dynasty first, and then the army to attack." He volunteered to follow King Huluzi (騾, sound zi) each led 10,000 cavalry to go south to hunt along the frontier fortress of the Han Dynasty.Invade as soon as you get the chance. However, when the two armies were still some distance away from the frontier fortress of the Han Dynasty, the three soldiers of the Huns fled to the Han Dynasty and reported the conspiracy of the Huns to the Western Han government.Liu Bing has ordered the recruitment of border guards to prepare for war, and sent four people including the Chief of Military Discipline (“Military Superintendent” of the Supreme Command of the Country (“Military Superintendent”, whose status is second to the Chief of Military Law) to control the masses (surname unknown), leading 5,000 cavalry, divided into three teams, and each went out of the fortress. Hundreds of miles away, a powerful search was carried out, and dozens of teachers were captured.At this time, the director of the Eastern Military Region and others knew that they could not make a surprise attack because three of their subordinates had fled, so they did not dare to advance, so they retreated immediately. This year (the first 68 years), a terrible famine occurred in the Huns Khanate, and 67 out of 10 people and livestock died. Two corps of 10,000 people each were mobilized to prevent the Han army from attacking, making the situation even worse. In autumn, when the Huns were conquered before, the Xixi tribe (near the Qiaoba Mountain in Mongolia. 嗕, sound ru) living in the east of the Xiongnu, under the leadership of the chieftain, had thousands of people, driving their livestock southward.The Xiongnu border guards intercepted, and the two sides fought fiercely, with equal casualties.But the Xixi tribe finally broke through the defense line and surrendered to the Han Dynasty. 1. In spring, in March, the emperor of the Western Han Dynasty (the capital Chang’an) (the tenth Emperor Xuan) Liu Bingji (25 years old this year) issued an edict: "We know that meritorious deeds are not rewarded and crimes are not punished, even if it is Yi Qifang Both Xun (Tang) and Yao Chonghua (Shun) were unable to govern the country. Today, Wang Cheng, the prime minister of Jiaodong (the capital of Jimo), is diligent and hardworking. More than 80,000 exiles have settled and declared household registration, and their performance has exceeded the minimum. Excellent. He is specially granted the title of Marquis of Guannei, with the highest salary (two thousand stones in the middle)." (The rank salary of the Western Han Dynasty, the first level is "ten thousand stones", the second level is "two thousand stones", and it is divided into one level and two thousand stones in the middle, The second rank is two thousand stones, and the third rank is more than two thousand stones.) Wang Cheng passed away before he was recruited.Later, Liu Bing ordered the prime minister and the censor (censor) to inquire about the gains and losses of the government's decrees to the officials sent by the counties and feudal states to submit annual work reports to the central government every year.Some people reported that Wang Cheng's political achievements were hypocritical, and he obtained wealth by falsifying the number of household registrations he declared.Since then, vulgar and incompetent officials have often gained a good reputation. 2. In summer, on April 22nd, Liu Bing has made his son Liu Shi the crown prince (nine years old this year), and appointed Bingji as the prince master (Prince Taifu); the middle-level state official (Taizhong doctor) Shu Guang Be the prince's teacher (Prince Shao Fu).Liu Xi's grandfather (Liu Bingji's father-in-law) Xu Guanghan was named Ping Enhou (Huo Guang once prevented Xu Guanghan from being named a Marquis, which means that Liu Bing has escaped Huo Guang's shadow), and Huo Guang's elder brother Huo Qubing's grandson Son, Royal Guard Commander (Zhonglang General) Huo Yun is the Marquis of Guanyang. Huo Guang's wife, Huo Xian, heard that Liu Shi was named crown prince. She was so angry that she refused to eat and vomited blood. , my queen's daughter gave birth to a son, can she only be a prince?" So, the old woman instigated her daughter Huo Chengjun to kill Liu Xi with poison.Huo Chengjun acted according to his mother's instructions, and summoned Liu Shi to the Queen's Palace several times to feed him candy and other food.But Liu Shi's wet nurse and nanny are very vigilant, eat it first, and try to see if it is poisonous?Huo Chengjun was anxious, because he had no chance to make a move. 3. On May 25th, Prime Minister (Prime Minister) Wei Xian retired at an old age. Liu Bing had rewarded him with a hundred catties of gold. Sit down) and take him home.The prime ministers of the Western Han Dynasty retired, starting with Wei Xian. (Since the establishment of the Western Han Dynasty, in the 140 years since the establishment of the Western Han Dynasty, all the prime ministers have died above their official positions, some have died, and some have been executed.) On June 7, Liu Bing appointed Wei Queang as prime minister. On June 16, Bingji was appointed as the chief inspector (censor doctor), Shuguang as the prince's master, and Shuguang's nephew Shushou as the prince's teacher. Liu Shi's grandfather, Xu Guanghan, Marquis of Ping'en, thought that Liu Shi was still young, so he suggested to Liu Bingji that his younger brother Xu Shun, the commander of the royal guard, should be Liu Shi's guardian (guardian of the prince's family).Liu Bing had asked Shuguang for his opinion, and Shuguang replied: "The crown prince is the prince of the country. Whether it is a teacher or a friend, he must be a handsome talent in the world. He should not be close to his uncle Xu's family alone. Moreover, the crown prince (Liu Shi) has his own Masters, teachers, officials, and staff are all prepared. If Xu Shun is taught to be the guardian of the prince, it will show superficial knowledge and lack of breadth of mind, and it is not a way to spread the prince's virtue to the world." Liu Bing already believed that his words contained the truth , Tell Wei Xiang.Wei Xiang took off his official hat and said sorry, "I am absolutely inferior to this kind of knowledge." Because of this incident, Shuguang was highly valued. 4. Heavy rain and hailstorms in Chang'an, the capital.Xiao Wangzhi, the chief secretary of the Foreign Officials and Citizens Reception Office (Daxing Cheng), and a native of Donghai (Tancheng County, Shandong Province), wrote a letter saying: "Because senior officials control the government, one surname and one family have been in power for too long, and God used this as a warning." Liu He had heard Xiao Wangzhi's name since he was ill, so he was appointed as the royal protocol officer (the speaker).At this time, Liu Bing had already recruited many capable talents, and many people among the common people wrote letters and made suggestions.Liu Bing has handed over these memorials to Xiao Wangzhi.Those with high talents will be transferred to the prime minister and supervisor (censor); those with low talents will be transferred to ministerial officials (two thousand stones in the middle) for trial.A year later, the probationary performance appraisal will be reported to Liu as sick; those with low talents will be sent back to their hometowns.Xiao Wangzhi's suggestions could satisfy Liu Bing, so they were all approved. 5. In winter, in October, Liu Bing has issued an edict saying: "On September 19, an earthquake occurred, which made me feel frightened and eager to know my fault. 'All people should actively speak up and help me to correct; don't shy away from the mistakes of relevant senior officials. I know that my character is not enough to make the barbarians from afar surrender, so that even today, the border guards still cannot rest. And I It is not my original intention to stabilize the world by continuously adding reinforcements to the frontiers, causing the people to work too hard. Now, the two frontier guards, the chariot general Zhang Anshi and the right general Huo Yu, have all been disarmed and returned to the fields." Liu Bing has issued another edict: "All the royal paddy fields and fish ponds that have been designated by the government but have not been used so far are open to the common people. If the royal palace hotels in various counties and feudal states are damaged, they are not allowed to repair and restore them. When people return to their villages, the local government should grant them land, lend them food or seeds, and they are not allowed to collect land taxes from them, and they are not allowed to conscript them as servants." 6. Although Huo Guang died, his huge family is still very powerful.Proud and extravagant, brutal and tyrannical, just like in the past.Huo Xian, who was already a great-grandmother, expanded her residence to a large extent, building sedan chairs and chariots like those of the royal family, and even more luxurious. The mattresses were all made of brocade, and the bodywork was wrapped in gold.Leather batting, wrapped around the outer edge of the wheel, is as quiet as water while driving.Huo Xian, who was sitting on it, was led by a beautiful maid with colorful silk and satin to play in the garden house.Huo Xian committed adultery with Feng Zi, the chief servant (supervisor).Her son Huo Yu and grandnephew Huo Shan also expanded the house at the same time, galloping their horses in Pingle Pavilion.Another grand-nephew, Huo Yun, when he was on duty in the palace, he always claimed to be sick, sneaked out privately, and led a large number of wagging guests (guests) to perform earth-shattering events in the Royal Garden of Huangshan Palace (Huangshan Garden). hunt.But only one follower was sent to replace him in the palace on duty, and no official dared to criticize him.And Huo Xian and her daughters went in and out of Changxin Palace where the Empress Dowager Shang lived day and night without any scruples. When Liu Bing was still in the civil society, he knew that the Huo family had been honored for too long, and he could not restrain himself.When he personally presided over the state affairs, the Supreme Chief Inspector (Censor Doctor) Wei Xiang was specially allowed to enter the palace to handle official affairs.Huo Xian already felt that something was wrong, and warned Huo Yu, Huo Shan, and Huo Yun: "You cannot inherit the career of the Supreme Commander (Huo Guang). Now, Prime Minister Wei enters the palace to handle official affairs. If you separate you, can you still survive?" The servant and the servant of the Wei family competed for the road while driving. The servant of the Huo family broke into the Supreme Supervision Office (Censor's Mansion), insulted loudly, and kicked the door of Wei Xiang's house.The law enforcement inspector (Shi Yushi) on duty panicked and didn't know how to stop it.In the end, he knelt down to the servants of the Huo family and kowtowed to plead for mercy, and the servants of the Huo family cursed and left.Someone reported this to Huo Xian, and Huo Xian began to worry. Soon, Wei became prime minister, and Liu Bingji often met him in private to exchange views on state affairs.And Ping Enhou Xu Guanghan and the court attendant (servant) Jin Anshang, can enter and leave the court at any time.At that time, although Huo Shan was in charge of the palace secrets (receiving the minister), Liu Bing had already ordered that no matter the small officials or the common people, they could submit the "Secret Records" (Secrets) directly in front of the emperor, without going through the palace secretarial office ( Shangshu), Huo Shan's power was emptied.Whenever the officials made reports or suggestions, they would directly report to Liu Bingji, and the Huo family hated him greatly. Liu Bing had vaguely heard that the Huo family had poisoned the queen Xu Pingjun to death, but it could not be confirmed, but it had made him more vigilant and decided to deprive the Huo family of their military power first.Therefore, Huo Guang's son-in-law, General Du Liao, Weiyang Palace security officer (Weiyang Weiwei), and Pingling Hou Fan Mingyou were transferred to the commander of the palace guard officer (Guang Luxun); Lin Jun Security Director (Habayashi Supervisor) Ren Sheng, transferred to Anding County (Guyuan County, Ningxia) Sheriff.A few months later, Zhang Shuo, Huo Guang's brother-in-law and special state official (Doctor Guanglu), was transferred to the county governor of Shu County (Chengdu City, Sichuan Province); his grandson-in-law, Wang Han, commander of the royal guard, was transferred to Wuwei County (Wuwei City, Gansu Province). ) Sheriff.A few days later, Deng Guanghan, Huo Guangchang's son-in-law and security officer of Changle Palace (Changle Weiwei), was transferred to the Minister of Palace Supply (Shaofu). On August 14th, Liu Bing appointed Zhang Anshi as the commander of the capital garrison (General Wei) and the security officer of Weiyang Palace and Changle Palace (Lieutenant of the Two Palaces); Zhang Anshi ruled.In order to balance the emotional agitation of the Huo family, Huo Yu was promoted to be the supreme commander of the national armed forces (Da Sima). The system should wear a big hat, but he was still taught to wear the original small hat.There should be seals in the system, but no seals are issued; his military power is removed, and the troops under his jurisdiction are transferred to jurisdiction, and Huo Yu's official position is only superficially equal to that of his father Huo Guang.Then, Fan Mingyou was removed from the post of General Liao, and he was appointed as the commander of the palace guard.Huo Guangzhong's son-in-law, Zhao Ping, was originally an escort consultant (scattered cavalry) and cavalry director (cavalry captain), and also a special state official who commanded the city defense force. Zhao Ping is now exempted from the cavalry director.All the Huo families who served as commanders in the foreign army regiments - the Huns Army Corps and the South Vietnam Army Corps (Hu Yuebing), the Habayashi Army, the security forces of Weiyang Palace, Changle Palace, and the city defense forces were all transferred. The children (Liu Bingji's father-in-law's family) and the historian's children (Liu Bingji's grandmother's family) took over. 7. At the beginning, during the reign of Liu Che (the seventh Emperor Wu), taxes were continuously collected, servants were recruited, and young men were recruited.There are more and more poor and poor people, and they break the law one after another, which cannot be eliminated.Liu Che ordered Zhang Tang, Zhao Yu and others to formulate a decree, stipulating that the crime of "failing to report the knowledge" is the crime of knowing that others have violated the law and not reporting it.The government sent officials to inspect and found that a certain leader was guilty, and his subordinates were sentenced together.Instruct judges and wardens: It doesn't matter if you wrong someone, and it doesn't matter if you use torture.Judges and jailers who treat prisoners fairly and respect human rights are all punished.Unexpectedly, doing so not only fails to deter crimes, but also makes the cunning people play with laws and regulations, quote new cases from each other, or apply by analogy, or infer to finalize the case.The web of taboos is airtight, and the laws and regulations are becoming more and more stringent and trivial. They are full of tables and rooms, and the officials in charge don't even have time to read them.As a result, the provisions used by various counties and feudal states often contradict each other.The same crime, but the sentence is different.Cunning judges and jailers are happy to take advantage of this phenomenon, play with laws and regulations, and receive gold, silver and treasures, just like negotiating transactions in the market.If you want to teach a prisoner to live, you cite the law that keeps him alive; if you want to frame a prisoner, you use the law that makes him dead.It is difficult to justify wronged, and the people are sad. The General Affairs Officer of the Ministry of Justice (Ting Weishi), Lu Wenshu from Julu (Pingxiang County, Hebei Province), wrote a letter to Liu's illness, requesting a prudent punishment, saying: "I heard that in the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a disaster in Qi State, Jiang Wuzhi, and Jiang Xiaobai rose up. (Jiang Zhuer, the fourteenth monarch of Qi State, was killed by the nobleman Jiang Wuzhi, and Qi State was in chaos. Jiang Zhuer's younger brother, Jiang Xiaobai, returned from Ju State. Ascended the throne, the country flourished, and became the first of the five hegemons in the Spring and Autumn Period.) The state of Jin had Li Ji’s disaster, but Ji Chong’er ruled. Ji Shensheng, the legitimate heir, expelled the other two sons, Ji Chonger and Ji Yiwu. After the death of Ji Guizhu, Ji Xiqi, the son of Li Ji, succeeded to the throne and was killed. Then Ji Zhuozi, the son of Li Ji’s younger sister, succeeded to the throne, together with Li Ji was killed together. Ji Yiwu returned to the country to succeed. After his death, his son Ji Yu succeeded to the throne. Qin sent Ji Chong'er back to the country with heavy troops. Ji Yu was killed again, and Ji Chong'er succeeded to the throne. The second of the five tyrants.) In the Western Han Dynasty, Zhao Wang (the capital of Handan) and Liu You were forced to starve to death (refer to 181 BC), and the Lu family disrupted the political arena (refer to 187 BC to 18 BC 〇 year), and Emperor Xiaowen (the fifth Liu Heng) was honored as "Taizong" (there are two titles of the emperor: one is the "temple name", such as "Taizong", which is the signboard on the temple; the other is the "posthumous title",如“孝文”之类，乃形容他的品德功业）。由这些往事，可以发现，灾祸的发作，原是为圣人的来临，开辟道路。而在大乱之后，必然有跟昔日大不相同的改革措施。贤明的君王，正借此显示上天的旨意。 “过去，孝昭皇帝（八任刘弗陵）逝世，没有儿子，继位君王（九任刘贺）淫乱，这正是前所陈述的，皇天为圣人的来临，开辟道路。我听说，《春秋》最重视的，是君王登上宝座的实质程序，因为尊重正统，对开端必须慎重。陛下刚刚登上至尊的座位，跟天意符合，正应该革除前世的过失，使正统在慎重中开创，废除繁杂琐碎的法令条文，解救人民的痛苦，上应天心。 “我听说：秦王朝犯有十大错误（一、废封建。二、筑长城。三、铸金人。四、造阿房宫。五、焚书。六、坑儒。七、营建骊山嬴政坟墓。八、求不死之药。九、外放太子嬴扶苏监军。十、任用狱吏），西汉王朝兴起后，已改革了九项，只有一项仍然存在，就是司法黑暗。法庭上的审判，监狱里的囚禁，是天下最重要的大事。被处死的，不能使他复活；砍掉肢体的，不能使他重续。《尚书》说：'与其诛杀无罪的人，宁可以释放有罪的人。'而今的法官，却恰恰相反。上级跟下属之间，好像搏斗，争着打出最恶毒的一击。拷打得越惨，刑判得越重，越被称为贤能。陷害人陷害得深入骨髓的，立刻获得公正的美誉。发现冤枉，敢于平反的，却后患无穷。 “所以，调查官或审判官，都决心把人置于死地，并不是对某个人有什么憎恨，而是保护自己的主要办法，就是使被告一死。死人的鲜血，流满街市。被处徒刑的囚犯，肩并肩相接相连。计算死刑的人数，每年有几万人之多，使仁爱贤明之心，无限悲恸。国家之始终不能有祥和的太平盛世，正由于此。 “人情之常，平常的时候，喜爱生命；痛苦的时候，盼望死亡。苦刑拷打之下，什么口供得不到？当囚犯无法忍受痛苦时，审问官就提出暗示，如果对方不能了解，或拒绝暗示，办案人员为了顺利结案，就索性明明白白告诉他如何招供。定案之后，往上级呈报，恐怕受到批驳，则像冶金一样，在烈火中烧熔，左敲右击，把它锻炼成一件结结实实的罪案，使被告陷入密不通风的法律网罗。判决书呈上去之后，已是一件天衣无缝的文件，即令是皋陶（音yao。皋陶，黄帝王朝聪明如神的法官）看到，也会认为死有余辜。为什么？为的是捏造出来的罪行太多，在法律条文编织之下，罪状十分明显。所以俗话说：'即令在地上画个圆圈当做监狱，也不要进去；即令削一块木头当做审问官，也不要面对。'这是一种怨恨司法黑暗最悲痛的心声。唯有请求陛下删减法令规章，放宽刑罚，则天下太平，才可以呈现于世。”刘病已欣赏路温舒的建议。 8、十二月，刘病已下诏：“最近，司法审问官玩弄法律技巧，越来越熟练，都是我自己品德不够的缘故。对诉讼事件，如果处理不当，有罪的反而更无法无天，无罪的却受到诛杀。父痛子，子痛父，一家悲伤，我非常哀悼。而今，司法官员（廷史）跟郡政府负责诉讼的官员，地位既低，俸禄又少。从现在起，在司法部（廷尉）增设四位复判官（廷尉平），俸禄六百石，审理诉讼，务求公平，以符合我的要求。” 每年秋后，全国诉讼作最后定案时，刘病已常到宣室殿（未央宫内），沐浴斋戒（不吃肉类），虔敬裁决。从此，诉讼才被认为公正。涿郡（河北省涿州市）郡长（太守）郑昌上书说：“现今，圣明的君王，亲自主持诉讼，俯察民情，即令不增设复判官，司法也会纳入正轨。然而，为了建立公正的长久基础，不如从删改法律判例和删改行政命令着手。法令一经确定，人民知道什么事不可做，奸猾的官吏就无所施展。不在基础上改革，而只靠复判官在法令末梢上补救，一旦陛下不再注意督促，下级就会立刻懈怠，恐怕复判官也跟着玩弄他的权势，收受贿赂，反而成了赃官首领。” Bo Yang said: 路温舒这项奏章，是中国历史上第一位官员为人民的刑狱痛苦发出的呼吁。一向炫耀自己是炎黄子孙、礼义之邦的中国人，却像一群被剥了皮的可怜动物，完全暴露在苦刑拷打的暴政之下，没有一点保护。严重的缺少人性尊严和道德勇气的衰退，以及粗糙的思考方式，是摧残人权的最大动力；我们还常听到一种下流的论调：“对付老奸巨猾，还讲什么人权？”于是一个嫌疑犯被捕，拒绝承认罪行之后，传播媒体就会立刻抨击他“坚不吐实”。我常想做一项永不可能做的实验，把说这种话的人逮捕，指控他是谋杀美国总统林肯的凶手。如果他承认，立即枪决；如果他不承认，就一口咬定他老奸巨猾，“坚不吐实”。 路温舒指出传统冤狱之所以形成，在于人体不能忍受痛苦。对此，我曾写有诗句：“人到苦刑际，方知一死难。”坐在冰块之上，或绑在老虎凳之上，你平生的愿望恐怕只剩下一个：死。招认罪行，不过一死而已，而酷刑比死可怖。误被香烟烧一下都会大叫，试想一百个烟头烧下去，像陶爱卿、荣爱所受的那样，只有招认确确实实谋杀了林肯，凶刀就在厨房，人证就是你的妻子儿女，你会跪下来求他们大义灭亲，制造一把凶刀。 常有审问官拍胸宣称：“我跟你无仇无恨！”路温舒已代我们指出，当然没有仇恨，但有任务。审问周亚夫的人岂跟周亚夫有仇？审问彭越的人岂跟彭越有恨？一旦柏杨先生审问你，教你承认谋害林肯，我又岂跟你有仇有恨？只是因为你不肯“合作”，我交不了差，下不了台，你就必须坐冰块和上老虎凳。 有人天真的哀号说：“你教我承认什么我就承认什么！”这是一句严重伤害审问官职业尊严的话，将会招来更残忍的酷刑。雷马克《人性光辉》中，有一篇集中营的描述，一个纳粹向一个被打得血肉模糊，而仍拒绝签字自愿参加被注射毒菌试验的犹太人咆哮说：“我可以代你签字，我也根本不需要你签字。但我非要你签不可，我要你爬着过来，跪到我脚下，哀求我准许你签字！”这正是酷吏的心情，他的职业尊严不允许被侵犯，他要你自动自发、亲口供出你从没有犯过的罪行。 每一件冤狱的判决书，都是一项杰作，不但皋陶看了，认为死有余辜，纵是上帝看了，也会认为死有余辜。即令柏杨先生撰写的你谋杀林肯的判决书，也会有此奇效。 路温舒的呼吁，十分沉痛，并且第一次触及到改革的深度，而刘病已的反应使人失望。郑昌已明白指出症结所在，因症结固在刑法，但更在刑事诉讼法。刑事诉讼法允许酷刑，又如何没有酷刑？又不仅在刑事诉讼法，而在制度。再进步再文明的刑事诉讼法，在一个专制独裁的社会中，都会变质。不是规定不准用刑吗？我当然没有用刑。腿断了不假，医生证明是被打断了的也对，但你用什么方法证明是审问官打断的？那可能是同房囚犯互殴打断的，也可能是你企图栽赃，自己打断的。而且，最奇异的一件事是：法庭向办案单位去一封公函，询问他们是不是对你有过苦刑拷打？办案单位用公文回答：“没有。”那就是没有。 五千年历史，始终绕在“一治一乱”打转，主要原因之一是：官逼民反。民为什么反？当法律不但不能保护人民，反而陷害人民时，人民只有两种选择，一是死亡，一是反抗。李自成本是一个守法的庄稼汉，在荒旱之年，人们互相格杀吞食，他欠一位财主的钱，不能偿还，财主就教县政府把他绑到毒烈的太阳下烤晒，并派家丁在旁监视，不准他喝一口水。县政府的士兵于心不忍，把他移到一处树荫底下，财主的家丁却不准，又拖回原处，李自成的儿女和围观的人，痛哭失声，于是暴动。这是一个典型，当法律渠道不通时，人民就走反抗的渠道。 记载的每一次民变，包括已经叙述过的陈胜和吴广，以及将来不断出现的无数次，都跟严重的蹂躏人权有关。拿破仑曾形容当时的法国法庭：“除了正义外，什么都有。” 9、八任帝（昭帝）刘弗陵在位时，匈奴汗国（王庭设蒙古国哈尔和林市）曾派出四千骑兵，在车师国（新疆维吾尔自治区吐鲁番市）开荒屯垦。后来，汉朝五位将军出塞攻击匈奴（参考前七一年），匈奴屯垦兵团，惊恐撤退。车师国才再跟汉朝恢复邦交。匈奴大发脾气，征召车师国的太子军宿，打算扣留作为人质。军宿的亲娘是焉耆国（新疆维吾尔自治区焉耆县）国王的女儿，所以军宿是焉耆国王的外孙，他不想到匈奴当人质，而又不敢抗命，于是逃奔焉耆。车师王就改立另一个儿子乌贵当太子。于是乌贵得以继承王位，跟匈奴结成姻亲，重入匈奴怀抱，建议匈奴堵截汉朝派往乌孙王国（首都赤谷城）的使节。 本年（前六七年），宫廷警卫官（侍郎）、会稽（江苏省苏州市）人郑吉跟指挥官（校尉）司马熹，率领被免除罪刑的囚犯，在渠犁（新疆维吾尔自治区库尔勒市西南）开荒屯垦，调发各王国军队一万余人，连同屯垦兵团一千五百人，联合攻击车师。车师大败，乌贵请求投降。 匈奴汗国大为震怒，出军攻击车师。郑吉、司马熹率军向北挺进迎战，匈奴不敢前进。郑吉、司马熹就留下一个军官跟二十个战士，保护乌贵，然后率大军回渠犁。国王乌贵认为二十个战士不可能保护他，一旦匈奴反击，他会丧生。于是，王位也不要了，单人独马，逃奔乌孙王国。郑吉遂即把乌贵的妻子，用政府驿马车，送到首都长安。匈奴汗国再立乌贵兄弟辈的兜莫当车师王，把车师全国人民东迁，故土一空。郑吉于是派三百个武装战士，进入真空的车师国开荒屯垦。 10、刘病已自从登上宝座，便派人四出查访外婆家消息。因为时间太久（距前九一年刘据自杀，到前七四年刘病已即位，已十八年），查访到的人家，初看很像，实际上都不是。（能跟皇太子结亲，当是一个盘根错节的庞大世家。跑了和尚跑不了庙，总可找到线索，而竟然找不到，可看出巫蛊案杀戮之惨。全族血染刀锋，未死的逃命流窜，不敢跟故乡私通消息。）直到本年（已二十五年），终于找到外祖母王媪（音ao），跟王媪的儿子王无故、王武。刘病已封两位舅父当关内侯（准侯爵），十数天之间，赏赐亿万。（每一个传奇都不是孤立的，一个传奇一定引起另一个传奇。王媪二十五年前惊恐号哭时，不会想到今天，上帝往往用传奇安慰苦难。） 1、春季，二月，西汉王朝（首都长安）皇帝（十任宣帝）刘病已（本年二十六岁）封外祖母王媪当博平君，封舅父王无故当平昌侯、王武当乐昌侯。 2、夏季，五月，山阳郡（山东省金乡县西北昌邑镇）、济阴郡（山东省定陶县）两郡，天气阴暗，降下冰雹，大的跟鸡蛋一样，撞击地面，深入二尺五寸。二十余人被砸死，飞鸟也都丧生。 3、刘病已下诏：“从现在开始，儿子窝藏父母、妻子窝藏丈夫、孙儿窝藏祖父祖母，都不算犯罪，不可惩罚。”（由这项诏书，可看出以前法令的残忍，老爹娘亲犯罪，子女就要通知政府逮捕归案，否则同样有罪。） 4、封广川（惠）王（首府信都）刘越的孙儿刘文（以残忍闻名于世的刘去的弟弟），继位广川王。 5、全国最高统帅（大将军）霍光的遗孀霍显，跟她的儿子霍禹，侄孙霍山、霍云，眼睁睁看着权力被不断剥夺，经常聚在一起，相对流泪，自怨自艾。霍山说：“现在，宰相（魏相）当权，皇上对他十分信任，把最高统帅（霍光）所制定的法令，全都变更，还宣传最高统帅的过失。而那些儒家知识分子，都是贫穷出身，远远的来到首都长安，连自己的生活都不能维持，却喜欢吹牛拍马，胡说八道，毫无忌惮。对这种人，最高统帅一向痛恨。偏偏皇上喜爱召见他们，听他们的议论。每个人都可以呈递'亲启密奏'，全在攻击我们霍家。曾经有人上书指控我们霍家弟兄骄傲霸道、横行不法，言辞激烈，我就把它压下，没有转呈。想不到上书的人越来越狡猾，改成'亲启密奏'（封事），由宫廷政务长（中书令）直接收受，根本不经过宫廷秘书署（霍山“主管宫廷机要”，奏章既另有渠道，他就毫无实权），看样子皇上对我已经不再信任。又听民间传说，霍家毒死许平君皇后，真是天大的冤枉，哪有这回事？” 霍显恐惧，只好把实情告诉他们。霍禹、霍山、霍云，一齐吃惊，说：“竟真是这样，为什么不早让我们知道？皇上把霍家女婿都贬逐到外郡，就是为了这个缘故。这是一件大事，一旦爆发，罪状可怕，我们怎么办？”于是开始阴谋政变，因为只有这项阴谋成功，才可以获得拯救。 霍云的舅父李竟，有一位最要好的朋友张赦。张赦发现霍云家丁们不似往年威风，就建议李竟，说：“现在宰相（魏相）跟平恩侯（许广汉）当权，这还不简单，请太夫人（霍显）对太皇太后（上官）说一声，先杀掉这两个人，然后教皇上搬家让位，只在太皇太后一句话罢啦。”长安男子张章听到这件事，向政府检举。（张章是颍川人，寄住在霍家马厩，半夜，听到马夫互相闲话，谈到霍姓家族企图谋反。第二天，便行告发。）案件交给司法部（廷尉）跟首都长安警备区司令（执金吾），于是逮捕张赦等。刘病已下令，不再追究。可是霍山等更加恐惧，商量说：“这是皇上看上官太皇太后的面上，才不扩大。猜忌怀疑已经开始，他会记在心里，以后一旦发作，那时候全族都会覆没，与其等待宰割，不如先行下手。”遂教霍家女儿回去把这项决定报告丈夫，都承诺说：“我们无法逃避。”正好，李竟被控跟亲王、侯爵结交，在供词中牵连到霍姓家族。刘病已下诏：“霍云、霍山，不适合在宫内供职，免除职务，仍保留侯爵，返回家宅。” 山阳郡郡长张敞，上“亲启密奏”，说： “我听说，鲁国姬友（季友），有功国家（姬友，鲁国十六任国君姬同的老弟。前六六二年，姬同逝世，儿子姬般继位，只三个月，被姬同另一位弟弟姬庆父杀掉。拥戴姬同的另一个儿子姬启继位。后来，做叔父的姬庆父又把姬启杀掉。姬友遂于前六六〇年，拥立姬同的另一位儿子姬申继位，诛杀姬庆父。从此，姬友的后代，用“季”作姓，世世专政）。晋国赵衰，也有功国家（晋国十九任国君姬诡诸驱逐他的两个儿子，其中之一姬重耳流亡期间，赵衰始终追随。前六三六年，姬重耳回国继位，赵姓遂世世代代充当国务官。传到赵籍，跟韩魏两大家族，终于共同瓜分晋国，参考前四〇三年）。齐国田完，也有功于国家（田完，是陈国十四任国君妫跃的儿子，因陈国内乱，田完逃到齐国，改姓为田。齐国十六任国君姜小白对他礼敬有加。到了前三五九年，后裔田和，篡夺齐国）。国家对他们的功劳，都有报酬，而且使他们的子孙，都享受富贵，可是结果如何？季家在鲁国世代专权，赵家瓜分晋国，田家夺取齐国政权。所以，孔丘著《春秋》，探讨兴衰存亡的轨迹，对臣属们的世袭制度，最不满意，予以讥讽。 “以前，全国最高统帅（霍光）决定大计，安定祭庙，巩固帝国，功勋并不细小。要知道，周王朝初立，姬旦（周公）辅政，只不过七年。而最高统帅却辅政二十年，海内人命，全在他掌握之中。当鼎盛之时，威严震撼天地，权力改变阴阳。在位的政府官员，就应该提出下列建议：'陛下褒奖宠爱故最高统帅，回报他对国家跟皇家的贡献，已经足够。可是，一个位于辅佐的臣僚，如果专政太久，权势太盛，君和臣之间，便不容易分别。我们请求解除霍家三位侯爵（霍禹、霍山、霍云）的政府职务，各人以侯爷的身份，返回自己家宅。连同首都卫戍司令（卫将军）张安世，也赐赠手杖茶几，准予退休。而由陛下时常慰问召见，以侯爵的地位，当天子的教师。'然后，陛下明白表示拒绝。然后，群臣继续据理力争，然后，陛下再勉强允许。这样，天下都会认定陛下不忘旧勋，也认为政府官员明礼。霍姓家族，世世代代，无忧无患。 “想不到，政府中听不到正直的声音，使陛下不得不主动下诏，这不是最好的策略。而今，两位侯爵（霍云、霍山）已经被逐出宫廷。人情大都相同，以我的猜度，全国武装部队最高指挥官（霍禹）跟他的家人，必然恐慌危惧。最亲近的臣僚，竟有恐慌危惧之感，不是万全的办法。我愿意在政府公开的场合中，陈述我的建议。只因身在遥远的边郡，无法办到，请求陛下省察。” 刘病已欣赏张敞的策略，然而并不征召他前来长安。 6、霍禹、霍山家里，不断发生怪事，全家忧愁。霍山说：“宰相（魏相）擅自减少皇上宗庙祭祀用的小羊、家兔、田鸡，这是一项大罪，可用这个作为借口，动手诛杀。”（吕雉太后当权时，曾有诏令：擅自讨论祭庙事情的，街头斩首。）于是，密谋由上官太皇太后出面，宴请刘病已外祖母博平君王媪，召唤宰相魏相、平恩侯许广汉以下作陪。就在酒席之上，由范明友、邓广汉，宣称奉上官太后之命，当场处决。乘势把刘病已罢黜，拥立霍禹当皇帝。密谋已定，等待时机发动。不久，刘病已任命霍云当玄菟郡（辽宁省新宾县）郡长、中级国务官（太中大夫）任宣当代郡（河北省蔚县）郡长。就在这个时候，密谋泄露。 秋季，七月，霍云、霍山、范明友自杀。霍显、霍禹、邓广汉被捕。霍禹腰斩，霍显跟她的女儿以及兄弟，全体绑赴街头斩首。这场谋反巨案牵连到几十家（《汉书》作几千家），全被诛杀。交通部长（太仆）杜延年，因是霍姓家族老友，也受到免职处分。 八月一日，罢黜皇后霍成君，囚禁昭台宫（宫在御花园中）。 八月十七日，刘病已下诏封检举霍姓家族谋反的男子张章、期门禁卫武士（期门）董忠、宫廷秘书署（尚书）东厢主管（左曹）杨恽、宫廷随从（侍中）金安上、史高，都晋封侯爵（张章封博成侯、董忠封高昌侯、杨恽封平通侯、金安上封都成侯、史高封乐陵侯）。杨恽，是故宰相杨敞的儿子（杨敞，参考前七四年八月）。金安上，是故车骑将军金日磾老弟的儿子（金日磾，参考前一二一年）。史高，是刘病已祖母史良娣老哥的儿子。 7、最初，霍姓家族气焰之盛，不可一世时，茂陵（陕西省兴平市东北）人徐福说：“霍姓家族，必然灭亡。因为过度的奢侈，一定使他们的态度傲慢。态度傲慢，一定冒犯皇