Chapter 41 8. Thousands of miles to kill

The struggle to seize power within the central government of the Western Han Dynasty became increasingly fierce, with strife, frame-up, and massacres in chaos.However, the external combat power remained strong, and continued to fight to the death with the Huns, but the Huns finally weakened before the Han Dynasty and split into two: the Southern Huns Khanate surrendered to the Han Dynasty, the Northern Huns Khanate fled to Central Asia, and the Han Dynasty went on an expedition The army pursued, and the commander Chen Tang declared: "Anyone who dares to offend the Han Dynasty will be punished no matter how far he escapes."

1. In spring, the first lunar month, Chang'an (Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province), the capital of the Western Han Dynasty, the phoenix flew and the dew fell, so the Western Han government pardoned the world. 2. In summer, in May, the war in the Western Qiang was over. Zhao Chongguo, the commander of the Western Expeditionary Army, wrote a letter, saying: "The Xianling tribe (scattered in the east of Qinghai Lake) was originally only 50,000 people, but 7,600 people were killed by our army. There were 31,200 people who surrendered, and 5,000 to 6,000 people drowned in the Yellow River, Huangshui, and starved to death (a total of 44,800 people). Calculated, along with their chief Jian Gong, Huang Yu (sound di) and others fled together, but only 4,000 people. Mi Wang, the chief of the Han tribe who has surrendered, promised to capture them all. Please allow the withdrawal!" Emperor Liu Bing of the Western Han Dynasty (the tenth Emperor Xuan) had already (32 years old this year) Approved, Zhao Chong Guozhen brigade class teacher.

Zhao Chongguo’s good friend Hao Xingci (Hao Xing, surname), greeted Zhao Chongguo halfway, and suggested: “Everyone thinks that the Xianling tribe is so dilapidated that it is because the Poqiang Corps (Xin Wuxian) and the Qiang Bow Corps (Xu Yanshou) continued to fight. Launched an attack, beheaded and captured a large number of people. Only a few people with insight understand that the Xianling tribe is at the end of the road. Even if there is no attack from the two corps, they must come out and surrender. When the general meets the emperor, it is best to transfer the credit To Xin Wuxian and Xu Yanshou, claim that you cannot compare their contributions. In this case, there is no loss to you.” Zhao Chongguo replied: “I am old and my title has reached the peak. Others ridiculed me for displaying my merits to deceive the wise Lord! Military measures are a major national event and should set an example for future generations. If an old official cherishes his life and refuses to analyze his interests with the emperor, once he dies, who will talk about it again? truth?"

Zhao Chongguo still reported his original opinion to Liu Bing, who fully agreed with him.Therefore, the Poqiang Corps was abolished, and Xin Wuxian was appointed as the governor (prefect) of Jiuquan County (Jiuquan City, Gansu Province).Zhao Chongguo still served as the original rear general. In autumn, Ruoling, Liliu, Qizhong, and Erku, the chiefs of the various tribes in the Western Qiang, beheaded Youfei and Yang Yu, the chiefs of Xianling tribes.The other chiefs, Di Ze, Yang Diao, Liang'er, and Mi Wang, respectively led Jian Gong and Huang Li's subordinates with more than 4,000 people to surrender.The government of the Western Han Dynasty conferred the titles of Ruoling and Di Ze as commander-in-chief kings, and the rest were granted the title of Marquis or Junjue (Marquis of Liliu and Qizhong, Junjue of Erku. Yangdiao was named Marquis of Bing, Junjue of Lianger, Mi Wang Feng Xian Niu Jun).Begin to set up the Jincheng County immigration area (subject country) to accommodate the surrendered Qiang tribes.

Liu Bing has issued an edict to solicit candidates for the post of Xiqiang Security Commander (Huqiang Captain).At this time, Zhao Chongguo was ill, and the four mansions (Prime Minister's Mansion, Supreme Supervision Office, Cheqi General's Mansion, Former General's Mansion—plus the Empress General's Mansion, originally the Five Mansions) jointly recommended Xin Wuxian's younger brother Xin Tang.Zhao Chongguo objected, got up from the hospital bed immediately, and reported: "Xin Tang is drunk and willful. He is not suitable to preside over barbarian affairs. He is not as good as Xin Tang's brother Xin Linzhong." The edict was changed to send Xin Linzhong.But soon, Xin Linzhong fell ill and had to resign. "Five Houses" recommend Xin Tang again.After Xin Tang took office, several times when he was drunk, he ravaged the Qiang people in the immigration area, and the Qiang people rebelled again.It is exactly in line with what Zhao Chongguo expected.

Xin Wuxian hated Zhao Chongguo to the bone, and had already reported to Liu Bing, Zhao Ang, the son of Zhao Chongguo, the royal guard (Zhong Lang), and leaked the conversation in the palace.Zhao Ang was arrested and committed suicide in prison. (Xin Wuxian reported to Zhao Ang that he once told him: "The emperor hated Zhang Anshi very much at first. He was going to kill him, but my father interceded, so he didn't do it.") 3. The Commander-in-Chief of the Gyeonggi Garrison (Sili Lieutenant) Wei Jun (Xinan Ye Town, Linzhang County, Hebei Province) was Gai Kuan Rao, strong and upright, fair and clean, and constantly offended Liu Bingji.At that time, Liu Bing was already engrossed in the criminal case, and he trusted the eunuch.Gai Kuanrao gave Liu Bingji a "Personal Envoy" (Secrets) and said: "Nowadays, the principles of Confucian sages are declining, and the Confucian school's methods of governing the country have not been promoted. Ji Dan (Duke of Zhou), Ji Shi (Duke of Zhao); regard legal orders as "Book of Books." He also quoted "Yi Zhuan" and said: "The five emperors were selfless to the political power, and gave way to the worthy. The three kings regarded the political power as their own pockets. The property in the family will be passed on to the descendants." (Five emperors: the first emperor of the Yellow Emperor Dynasty Ji Xuanyuan, the third emperor Zhuanxu, the fourth emperor Ji Kuang, the sixth emperor Yi Qi Fangxun, and the seventh emperor Yao Chonghua. Three kings: the first emperor of the Xia Dynasty Emperor Si Wenming, Tianyi, the first emperor of the Shang Dynasty, and Jifa, the first king of the Zhou Dynasty.)

Liu Bing already believed that Gai Kuanrao's memorial was full of resentment and slander, so he handed over the memorial to ministerial officials (Zhong Erqianshi) for investigation.The commander of the Chang'an Garrison District of the capital (Zhi Jinwu) thought: "Gai Kuanrao means to ask the emperor to give him the throne Zen, which is treasonous!" Discussion officer (remonstrance doctor) Zheng Chang, sympathetic to Gai Kuanrao, loyal and upright, was overly worried about the future of the country, but his words were not expressive, and he contradicted him bluntly, so he was misunderstood and framed.Shangshu defended Gai Kuanrao, saying: "I heard that there are ferocious beasts in the mountains, and no one dares to pick even the most humble gooseberry. If the country has loyal ministers, evil and treacherous people, they cannot hold their heads high. Gai Kuanrao, Commander of the General Garrison of Gyeonggi Province, usually does not seek comfort in living, nor delicious food in food. On a day of peace, he is full of worries about state affairs; on days of chaos, he hopes to die for the country. Under the patronage of the royal relatives surnamed Xu (descendant of Xu Guanghan) and surname Shi (descendant of Shi Gao), there is no support from families surnamed Jin (descendant of Jin Ridun) and family surnamed Zhang (descendant of Zhang Anshi). His duties and responsibilities are to inspect Keep secrets and play cards according to the rules. Therefore, there are many enemies but few friends. The letter to His Majesty stated his views on state affairs. The officials in charge impeached him with the most severe law (Dabi) and put him to death. .I am fortunate to be able to follow the ranks of state officials (doctors), and I use 'Jian' as my official name (remonstration doctor), so I dare not speak without knowing it." Liu Bing ignored it.

In September, Liu Bing ordered the arrest of Gai Kuanrao.Gai Kuanrao killed himself with a saber under the north gate of Weiyang Palace, and all the people in the country regretted it. 4. Shanyu (twelfth term) of the Xiongnu Khanate (Kharhelin City, Mongolia) led a huge cavalry regiment of more than 100,000 people to hunt along the northern border of the Han Dynasty, preparing to take the opportunity Invaded the frontier fortress and plundered.On the way to the south, when the army had not reached the border, his subordinates destroyed the canals and fled to the Han Dynasty to surrender, revealing this military purpose.The government of the Western Han Dynasty conferred titles on Qutang as the Binglu Xiluhou (this is a strange title, which is not recorded in the "Hanshu · List of Meritorious Officials". It may only have a salary and no fief. After surrendering to the Western Qiang tribe, it was granted the title Just like the batch of "kings", "hous" and "jun" in China, it is just a fettering and symbolic title).General Zhao Chongguo was sent to lead more than 40,000 cavalry to deploy defenses along the nine counties of the frontier (nine counties: Wuyuan County, Shuofang County, Yunzhong County, Dai County, Yanmen County, Dingxiang County, Youbeiping County, Shanggu County, Yuyang County).After more than a month, Xulu Quanqu fell ill and vomited blood. He did not dare to go deep, so he withdrew his troops and returned north.Send Ti Wang Duli Huci and others to the Han Dynasty to ask for reconciliation.It has not been decided yet, and Xu Lu Quan Qu passed away.

At the beginning, when Xulu Quanqu ascended the throne, he alienated the empress of the main palace (refer to the first six or eight years), and the empress of the main palace had an affair with the right virtuous king, Xulu Tuqitang.Tuqitang was going to Longcheng (Sunite Zuo Banner, Inner Mongolia) to attend the meeting, but the Queen Zhenggong told him: "Shanyu (Xulu Quanqu) is seriously ill, so don't go too far!" A few days later , Xulu Quanqu passed away, and the right and left aristocrat Hao Su Wang Xingweiyang sent envoys to recruit princes scattered all over the country to discuss major plans.Before the princes from all over the country arrived, the Queen of the Palace and her younger brother, Du Longqi, the Director of the Eastern Military Region (Zuo Daqiequ), conspired together to support the Tuqitang Dang Shanyu (the thirteenth term), known as Yanqu Shan Yu.Tongda Tuqitang is the grandson (eight generations) of the sixth Shanyu Tongda Uwei.

After Tu Qitang ascended the throne, he was vicious and cruel, killing King Hao Su, Xing Weiyang, etc., and only trusted Du Longqi.All the close relatives of the former Chanyu (the twelfth term) Xulu Quanqu's children were expelled from the government and replaced by his own close relatives.The son of Xulu Quanqu, Xulu Quanqu, was unable to inherit the throne. He was angry and frightened, and fled to his father-in-law Wuchanmu.The tribe of Wuchanmu was originally a small country between the Kingdom of Kangju (the capital Beitian City) and the Kingdom of Wusun (the capital Chigu City). It was constantly attacked by Kang and Wu, and it was difficult to survive. He simply led his thousands of Human tribes, surrendered to the Huns Khanate.The tenth chanyu, Hu Lugu, married the sister of his nephew Rizhuwang to Wuchanmu, and made him and his tribe live in the east for a long time.

5. King Zuoxian, the father of the Rizhu King Suoda Xianxianshan, had already become the Chanyu, and later gave up the Shanyu throne to Sudahu Lugu (tenth term).Lugu Hulu publicly promised to pass on the throne to him after death.The people of the Huns Khanate were convinced that the king of the day would one day succeed to the throne. This was the political situation of the year (refer to 1996).However, the current Rizhu King Tongda Xianxian Shan and the current Shanyu (the 13th) Tongda Tuqitang had disputes, and they looked at each other with anger.In order to protect himself, he planned to lead his tribe to surrender to the Han Dynasty.Send people to the Western Regions (Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and eastern Central Asia) Quli (southwest of Korla City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region), and get in touch with Zheng Ji, the cavalry director (Captain Cavalry) stationed in the Western Regions of the Han Dynasty.Zheng Ji immediately recruited 50,000 soldiers from Quli, Qiuci (Kucha County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region), and other countries to welcome 12,000 soldiers from the Shan tribe, the sages and sages of the Rizhu King, as well as 12 people from Xiaowang and generals, and escort them to Hequ ( In the east of Qinghai Province, south of the Huangshui River Basin. The Yellow River bends into an S shape at this point, which is called Hequ. This area will occupy an important position in later historical sites. Many people fled along the way. Zheng Ji sent troops to pursue and kill them all.In the end, he accompanied the sage Shan, the king of Rizhu, to Chang'an, the capital, and the Western Han government made the sage Shan Danggui Dehou. 6. Zheng Ji once defeated Cheshi State (Turpan City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Refer to the first six or seven years), and now he has surrendered the Rizhu King of the Huns Khanate. His reputation shocked the Western Regions. The Western Han Dynasty government ordered him to also manage the "Northern Road" west of Cheshi ( In the first six or four years, Zheng Ji was only appointed to be in charge of public security in the "South Road" west of Shanshan.The establishment of the governor of the Western Regions began with Zheng Ji. Liu Bing has made Zheng Ji the Marquis of Anyuan.Zheng Jisui built Wulei City (northeast of Luntai County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, close to Quli Tuntian) at a location similar to that of other countries, 2,700 miles east of Yangguan (southwest of Dunhuang City, Gansu Province) in the Han Dynasty. The air distance is 850 kilometers).From then on, the Xiongnu Khanate became weaker and did not dare to fight for the hegemony of the Western Regions, so it abolished the Governor of the Xiongnu Western Regions (Tongpu Duwei) set up in the past.The governor of the Western Regions in the Han Dynasty was responsible for protecting the Wusun Kingdom, the Kangju Kingdom and other 36 countries. If any disturbance occurred, he would immediately report to the central government.If you can appease, appease; if you cannot appease, punish.The government of the Western Han Dynasty ordered the passage of all the Western Regions. 7. The Xiongnu held Yanquda Shanyu Tuqitang to enshrine his elder brother Tongda Boxutang as king that day. 8. Weng Guimi, King of the Wusun Kingdom (Kunmi), wrote to the Emperor of the Western Han Dynasty through Changluo Hou Changhui, willing to designate the grandson Yuanguimi of the Han Dynasty as the legal heir, hoping to marry the princess of the Han Dynasty again, and conclude a two-generation marriage. Forever sever diplomatic relations.Liu's illness has been handed over to the senior official meeting for discussion.Xiao Wangzhi, the minister of vassal affairs (Da Honglu), thought: "The Wusun Kingdom is too far away from the Han Dynasty, and there is no guarantee that there will be no changes. It should not be allowed." Credit (referring to the defeat of the Huns in 1971), and refused the marriage of the Huns Khanate, so he refused to accept Xiao Wangzhi's suggestion and agreed to the request.Liu Jieyou's younger sister Liu Xiangfu was made a princess (Liu Jieyou is the granddaughter of Chu Wang Liu Wu, the eldest son Yuan Guimi, the second son Wannian, and the youngest son Dale), and sent Chang Hui to Dunhuang County (Gansu Province) with a rich dowry. Dunhuang).Before going out of the fortress, Weng Guimi passed away.The nobles of the Wusun Kingdom abided by the oath of the past, and jointly supported Ni Mi, the son of Cen Wei, as the king, named Kuang Wang (When Cen Wei passed away, Ni Mi was young, so he passed the throne to his uncle Weng Gui Mi, and told him to wait for Ni Mi to grow up to be the king. Pass the throne to him. Refer to 72 years ago. And Weng Guimi proposed to the Han Dynasty on behalf of his son, showing that he would tear up the oath made 12 years ago, and use the princess of the Han Dynasty as a backup).Chang Hui suggested in a letter: "Things have changed, please young princess (Liu Xiangfu) temporarily stay in Dunhuang County, waiting for further development." Then, Chang Hui rushed to the Wusun Kingdom and warned them that if Yuan Guimi was not made king, the Han Dynasty would recall the young princess.Liu Bing has ordered a meeting of senior officials to discuss it. Xiao Wangzhi thought: "The Wusun Kingdom has two ends, and it is difficult to bind it by marriage. If the young princess returns because they do not support Yuan Guimi, it cannot be said that it is a breach of contract with Yi Di. It is the blessing of the Han Dynasty. If the young princess does not stop advancing, the servants and taxes will be collected again." Liu Bing has accepted and recalled Liu Xiangfu. 1. In spring, on March 16th, Prime Minister (Prime Minister) Gao Pinghou (Xianhou) Wei Xiang of the Western Han Dynasty (capital Chang'an) passed away. In summer, on April 29th (the original text is "Wuchen", changed according to "Hanshu Baiguangongqingbiao"), Emperor Liu Bingji (33 years old this year) of the Western Han Dynasty (the tenth Xuandi Emperor) appointed Bingji as the prime minister.Bingji was broad-minded, modest and condescending, and didn't care about trivial matters; at that time people thought he was very general. 2. In autumn, on July 26th, Liu Bing had been promoted to the minister of vassal affairs (Da Honglu) and Xiao Wangzhi to be the chief inspector (Censor Doctor). 3. In August, Liu Bing issued an edict: "If low-level civil servants (officials) cannot be honest and fair, the country cannot be governed. Nowadays, small officials are busy with work and have little salary. It is very difficult for them not to cheat and oppress the people. From now on, increase the salary of low-level civil servants by five tenths." 4. This year, Han Yanshou, the governor (prefect) of Dongjun County (southwest of Puyang City, Henan Province), was transferred to the mayor of North Chang'an (Zuo Fengyi).Han Yanshou was originally the governor of Yingchuan County (Yuzhou City, Henan Province). When Yingchuan County was governed by Zhao Guanghan County Governor, he provoked the feelings between the officials and the people, encouraged complaints, and the people's feelings were weakened. Layers of hatred (refer to the first seven years).Han Yanshou changed his course and taught the people to be polite and modest.Elder gentlemen are recruited to agree on ceremonies and gifts such as marriage, funeral, sacrifice, etc., generally in accordance with ancient rules, prohibiting extravagance.The people accepted his enlightenment, and all paper horses, paper carts, and utensils used by ghosts and gods in the underworld are not allowed to be used, and they are forcibly destroyed and thrown on the road.Later, Huang Ba took over as the governor of Yingchuan, followed Han Yanshou's method and continued to implement it, with remarkable achievements. Han Yanshou held an official position, promoted etiquette and righteousness, worshiped the ancients and ancient things-everything respects the ancients and pays attention to the influence of etiquette.Wherever you go, you must hire local virtuous people and treat them as guests.Encounter problems, discuss them repeatedly, and adopt sincere suggestions and criticisms.Praise the virtuous people who are filial to their parents and friendly to their brothers.Build public schools, and restore the ancient ritual of "Xiangshe" (archery competitions in schools) in spring and autumn.Bells, drums and an orchestra are set up. During the grand ceremony, the participants bow to each other when going up and down the steps.Every August, in accordance with the regulations of the government, the militiamen are inspected, banners of swords and axes are set up, and horseback riding and archery are practiced.Renovate the outer walls of the castle, collect land taxes and taxes, clearly announce the date in advance, and regard the deadline as a major event.The petty officials and the people, both fearful and respectful, rushed to complete it on time. Han Yanshou also set up Lichang (Zheng) and Neighborhood (Five Chiefs) to encourage each other to be filial to parents and to love brothers.Strictly stipulate that treacherous people are not allowed to be taken in.In the neighboring village, there was something a little out of the ordinary, the petty official immediately knew about it, and reported it to his superiors according to the facts.The treacherous people dare not enter the county.At the beginning of the implementation, it seemed a bit cumbersome, but later, the officials no longer have to worry about chasing thieves, and the people no longer have to worry about being arrested and tortured. Everyone is happy with the New Deal.Han Yanshou treats his subordinates with great kindness even though their position is very low, but they are strictly restrained.There were also those who cheated and failed him. Mr. Han Yanshou blamed himself bitterly: "Did I feel sorry for him? Why did this happen?" Hearing this, the cadres would feel ashamed and regret it.A police officer (county lieutenant) in a certain county committed suicide because of this.Once, one of his employees (掾) also committed suicide because of shame and regret, but was saved.Han Yanshou was moved, weeping, sent someone to ask a doctor for diagnosis and treatment, and generously presented it to his family.During the three years in Dongjun, all orders must be followed, and all prohibitions must be stopped, and civil lawsuits have been greatly reduced.For this reason, he was appreciated by the central government and promoted to the mayor of North Chang'an. Han Yanshou inspected Gaoling County (Gaoling County, Shaanxi Province), and two brothers sued him for competing for land property.Han Yanshou was very sad and said: "I was honored to be sent here as an example for the whole city. But I was not able to educate and influence. To this day, there are still brothers and sisters who fight for land and file lawsuits. It hurts good customs and etiquette. , and humiliated wise senior officials (chief officials), civil affairs officials (cowards), rural education officials (three elders), and ethics officials (filial younger brothers). The responsibility lies with me, and I should shut myself up and think about my mistakes!" On the same day, he declared that he was ill , no longer handle official business.Back at the government hotel, bedridden, deep self-reflection.County officials didn't know what to do.The county magistrate, the chief secretary of the city government (Cheng), the rural affairs officer (simpler), and the rural education officer, out of fear, threw themselves into prison and imprisoned them, awaiting conviction.As a result, the families who were accusing each other blamed themselves; the two brothers also felt deeply regretful, shaved their heads (indicating the torture of the beard), took off their sleeves (indicating that they were ready to be whipped), exposed their arms, and pleaded guilty to Han Yanshou. Give up the land property to the other party, and dare not fight again until death.The whole country is peaceful, spread this matter everywhere, and encourage each other, and there have been no complaints since then.Han Yanshou treats people with sincerity. He belongs to twenty-four counties. Inspired by his kindness, no one dares to sue him again. Officials and ordinary people don't have the heart to deceive him. Bo Yang said: People complain when they are injustice, and only when there is a grievance can there be a lawsuit; a lawsuit is an act of the weak relying on the government.The court upholds justice, fights against evil, and protects the weak.However, the dark justice has become a trap for the weak.The Chinese tradition is that once a lawsuit is started, no one dares to guarantee good or bad, but only provide countless examples. Under the principle of "innocence cannot be punished", "Shuobuxue" came out spontaneously, not only the defendant, but also the fate of the plaintiff. I can't control it myself.As a result, the Chinese have a sad mentality of "death without complaint". Knowing that there is such a serious danger in suing, but the two brothers still sue, one of them must have been wronged more than he can bear. Unexpectedly, Mr. Judge used tricks to force a settlement.Reconciliation is not a bad thing, the question is who will arbitrate?In this case of brothers competing for property, it is bound to be arbitrated by the elders of the clan.Among the elders, there are rich and poor, "great-uncles and grandfathers" who live in dilapidated temples and stretch out their hands to beggars. What power does his words have?Assuming he had the strength, he would not have lived in the ruined temple long ago, and had been taken care of by others.The result is still rich "great-uncle" intervention.If he prescribes justice, why is this justice not enforced by judges?If he does not uphold justice, the wronged party has no choice but to accept this injustice.If he doesn't accept it, hey, what a stubborn thug! The Confucian school has always spurned the rule of law, and has always praised the prison under the rule of ritual.So there are people like Han Yanshou, who use political coercion means such as being coquettish and little women to create the illusion of harmony, such as bedridden, subordinates throwing themselves into prison, etc., hoping to achieve the purpose of rule of law.Therefore, between heaven and earth, there is no justice, no law, only power.What the society pursues with all its strength is: "Don't worry about other people's affairs, rather than your own people." The lucky ones who take risks will always win; the landlords, financial groups, bullies and the like are like giant axes, cutting off the channels for the people to call for help.To this day, this residual consciousness is still at work, and it is still delaying the establishment of the rule of law! 5. The Huns Khanate (the king’s court was located in Harhelin City, Mongolia) held Yanqu’an Shanyu (thirteenth) Tujitang, and hated the daily king’s sage Shan’s return to the Han Dynasty (refer to last year), so he killed him two younger brothers.Wu Chanmu begged for forgiveness and spared them their lives.Tu Qitang refused, and Wu Chanmu was very unhappy. Later, King Zuo Ao Dian passed away, and Tu Qi Tang appointed his youngest son as King Ao Dian, who stayed in the royal court to serve and was not allowed to take over the tribe.The nobles of the Aodian tribe then jointly supported the other sons of the old king to succeed the Aodian king and moved eastward.Tu Qitang sent You Chancellor (You Chancellor) with 10,000 cavalry in pursuit, losing several thousand men, unable to win. 1. In spring and February, because the phoenix flew to the capital Chang'an (Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province), and the nectar also descended to the capital Chang'an, the government of the Western Han Dynasty pardoned the world. 2. Huang Ba, the county magistrate (prefect) of Yingchuan County (Yuzhou City, Henan Province), has been the county magistrate for eight years, and his political affairs are governed day by day.At this time, phoenixes and sparrows gathered in various counties and feudal states for many times, and the most frequent ones were in Yingchuan County. In summer, in April, Liu Bingji (the tenth emperor of Xuan Dynasty) issued an edict saying: "Huang Ba, the governor of Yingchuan County, preached edicts and decrees, and the people were influenced by etiquette. Those who are filial to their parents Sons, brothers who love each other, chaste women, grandchildren who respect and love their grandparents, are increasing every day. Farmers know etiquette and will give way when walking in the fields. Lost things on the road, no one picks them up and takes them for themselves. Take care Widowers (without wives) and widows (without husbands) help the poor and the weak. In the past eight years, there have been no severe prisoners in the prison. Now, the title of Marquis of Huangba Zhun-Guanneihou (without fiefs), and a reward of 100 catties of gold, Award the highest salary of two thousand stones." (The first level is "two thousand stones", the second level is "two thousand stones", and the third level is "two thousand stones".) There are people in Yingchuan County who are filial and fraternal, and Rural education officials (three elders) and agricultural officials (Litian), according to their official positions, the central government rewarded them with titles and cloth. A few months later, the central government recruited Huang Ba to the capital, Chang'an, to promote him to Prince Taifu (Prince Taifu). 3. In May, the Xiongnu Khanate (the royal court was located in Khalhelin City, Mongolia) held Yanqu'an Shanyu (the 13th) Tuqitang, and sent his younger brother Huliuruo King Tongda Shengzhi to visit Chang'an. 4. In winter, in October, eleven phoenixes fly to Du Ling (Liu Bing has reserved a cemetery). 5. Yan Yannian, the governor (prefect) of Henan County (to the east of Dongbaima Temple, Luoyang City, Henan Province), has sinister, vicious, cruel and violent methods.People who generally believe that the crime is serious and should be sentenced to death will be acquitted and released; people who are generally believed to be innocent and should be safe will be sentenced to death under the law.Officials and small people are not sure of his intentions, and everyone is frightened and afraid to offend.In winter, all the prisoners in each county were gathered in the county government for a general trial, and tens of thousands of prisoners were executed, bleeding for miles, and the people called him "the butcher". Yan Yannian had always looked down on Huang Ba, and later served as the county chief at the same time. The praise and rewards Huang Ba received were all higher than himself, and he was very unconvinced.It happened that a locust plague occurred in Henan County. The chief secretary of the county government (Fucheng) Yi (surname unknown) went to various counties to inspect the situation of the locust plague, and reported to Yan Yannian after returning.Yan Yannian sneered and said: "The locusts can be eaten by the phoenix!" This was originally a mockery of Huang Ba's praise for flying the phoenix.However, Yi is old and a little confused, and has always been afraid of Yan Yannian's viciousness, and he didn't understand the meaning of Yan Yannian's expression for a while, fearing that he would be framed.Yan Yannian and Yi were once the Secretary-General of the Prime Minister's Office (Prime Minister's History) at the same time. Yan Yannian was really a confidant of Yi, thinking of his hard work on tours, and gave him more sympathetic gifts than in the past.However, this generous gift, which was different from before, made Yi even more alarmed.Divination by himself, and divination of "death", he became even more nervous, thinking that Yan Yannian would take action against him.So he asked for leave and went to Chang'an, the capital. After arriving in Chang'an, he immediately wrote a letter of Liu's illness, accusing Yan Yannian of ten crimes. The case was handed over to the Chief Prosecutor (Yu Shicheng) for investigation, and it was discovered that Yan Yannian had resentment against the emperor and slander against the government several times.In November, Yan Yannian was accused of "immorality" and was kidnapped and beheaded in a market. Bo Yang said: Robbing banks and murder, and sometimes single-handedly, can get him a vote.But a big atrocity, like the violation of human rights by tyrants and tyrants, cannot be done by a single person.Yi was one of the accomplices in Yan Yannian's atrocities throughout his life.How many times, the two of them whispered in the secret room, planning how to arrange the net.However, once Yi suspects that the target may be himself, thinking back to the other accomplices, they were all sent to prison and killed after Yan Yannian sneered or generous gifts, how could he not be heartbroken?In the 1960s, when a group of criminal police officers in Taipei were arrested for corruption, the family members wailed and wailed, accusing their husbands of being tortured.They don't know if they were tortured, but they usually know the truth from their husbands, so they must not be spared.Righteousness is exactly the role of the female family members of the criminal police. From the horror of righteousness, we can see the cruelty of the tyrants and officials.And it is precisely because of this cruelty that tyrants and tyrants kill each other and unknowingly eliminate harm for the people.At the same time, it also shows that any accomplice must pay a price. At first, Yan Yannian's mother came to visit her son from her hometown of Donghai County (Tancheng County, Shandong Province), and planned to sacrifice to Zaojun with her son (the "sacrifice to Zao" on December 23 of the lunar calendar, Zaojun is the god of the family).Entering Luoyang (the county where the Henan county government is located), the execution of prisoners happened.The mother turned pale with fright, and stopped at the post station guest house, refusing to go to the county government.Yan Yannian went to the guest house to greet him, but his mother closed the door and disappeared.Yan Yannian took off his official hat and bumped his head on the ground outside the door. After a long time, his mother saw him and reprimanded him, "You were lucky enough to become the county magistrate and govern a country thousands of miles away. I never heard that you used a benevolent heart to promote Enlightenment, appease and take care of the people under the rule. On the contrary, they willfully play tricks, kill people like hemp, and use it to build their own prestige. Is this the original intention of being the people's parents?" The parents of the people. This is an ideology that combines "sovereign authority" and "father authority". Until the twentieth century, the people also called the heads of local governments, such as county magistrates, "parent officials".) Yan Yannian admitted his mistake, touched the ground with his head again to express his apology, and immediately drove his mother to the county government.After the day of the twelfth lunar month (refer to 25 years) and the new year, the mother told her son: "The way of heaven is long, and the gods are above. People, you can't kill randomly, and there will be retribution for killing randomly. Unexpectedly, when I was old, I saw with my own eyes. Son, I was kidnapped to the execution ground. I want to go back, leave you, go back to my hometown, sweep the grave, and wait for your coffin!" Then she returned to Donghai County, and repeated her words to the brothers and members of the Yan family. sad. After more than a year, Yan Yannian was executed.People in Donghai County all respect the wisdom of my old lady. 6. The Xiongnu held Yanquda Shanyu Tuqitang, fierce and arrogant, loved to kill, the nobles and the people were at odds with each other.And the crown prince and King Zuo Xian continued to frame the generals under King Zuo Guli in the Eastern Military Region. The nobles and generals in the Eastern Military Region were both panicked and angry.Just in time, the Wuhuan tribe (the upper reaches of the West Liaohe River in Inner Mongolia) attacked King Guxi, the eastern frontier guard of the Huns Khanate, and took many people captive.Tu Qitang was furious.King Guxi was fearful and uneasy. In order to protect himself, he simply united with Wu Chanmu, and together with the generals below King Zuoguli of the Eastern Military Region, they supported the Marquis of Shudaji, and called Han Xie Shanyu (the fourteenth term), and mobilized four troops of the Eastern Military Region. 50,000 people marched westward to attack the Tuqitang.The army advanced to the north of Guqishui (Tuyin River, originating from the Altai Mountains in Gobi, Mongolia, and flowing northward to the south of Checheerleg City), but Tujitang did not dare to fight, so he led the army to flee and sent someone to inform his brother You The virtuous king, said: "The rebels in the east are attacking me, will you give me a helping hand?" The right virtuous king said: "You have no love at all, and slaughtered brothers and nobles wantonly. You go back and die! Don't come and dirty my place!" Tu Qitang was filled with hatred and anger, but he had no choice but to commit suicide.Du Longqi, the director of the Eastern Military Region (Zuo Daqiequ), abandoned his tribe and fled to the Youxian King of the Western Military Region (Du Longqi originally supported the Tuqi Church, so he slipped away. Refer to 60 years ago), he All of his subordinates surrendered to Hu Hanxie Shanyu Conda Jihouzha. After a few months, Houzha's army returned to Wangting (Harhelin City, Mongolia), and ordered its demobilization, ordering the pasture lands of various tribes.In the folks, I found my elder brother, Hutuwusi, who was named Zuoguli King.Send people to the Western Military Region to incite the nobles, hoping to kill Youxian King. In winter, Du Longqi, the director of the Eastern Military Region, and Youxian King, jointly supported the Rizhu King Tongda Boxutang, called Tuqi Shanyu (one of the five danyus), and mobilized an army of tens of thousands to attack Huhanye Shanyu in the east. Ji Ji Hou Zha.Ji Houzha fought, was defeated, and retreated eastward.Tongda Boxutang also retreated to the western military region. The eldest son Tongda Du Tuwuxi was appointed as the king of Zuoguli, and the youngest son Tongdagulouloutou was appointed the king of Youguli, and they were left to guard the royal court. 1. In spring, the first lunar month, Liu Bingji (the tenth Emperor Xuan) of the Western Han Dynasty (capital Chang’an) went to Ganquan (northwest of Chunhua County, Shaanxi Province) to worship the gods.Crown Prince Liu Xun performed the coronation ceremony (Liu Xun is nineteen years old this year). 2. In autumn and July, Tuqi Shanyu (one of the five danyus) of the Xiongnu Khanate (the king’s court is located in Harhelin City, Mongolia) went to the Boxu Hall, and ordered the elder brother of the sage Shan, King Youaodian, to follow Wuju The commanders of the corps (duwei), each led 20,000 cavalry, stationed on the east side of the village, guarding against Hu Hanxie Shanyu (the fourteenth term) Duanji Houzha.At this time, King Hujie, who was located in the west, came and conspired with the commander of the Weili area (Weili's household) to frame Youxian King, insisting that Youxian King wanted to stand on his own as Shanyu.Concubine Bo Xutang couldn't tell the difference, so he killed King Youxian and his son.Soon he found out that he was wronged, and immediately killed the commander of the Weili area.King Hujie came to panic and rebelled. He led his men to escape and called himself Jiedanyu (the second of the five danyus).When King Youaolian heard the news, he also called himself Cheli Shanyu (the third of the five danyus).The commander of the Wujue Corps followed up, calling himself Wujue Chanyu (the fourth of the five danyus).Thus, in the territory of the Huns Khanate, five Chanyus (plus the fourteenth Huhanxie Shanyu Sudan Jihouzha) stood side by side at the same time. Tu Qi Shanyu led the army and attacked Cheli Shanyu in the east. He also sent Du Longqi, the director of the Eastern Military Region (Zuo Daqiequ), to attack Wuren Shanyu.Cheli and Wuju were defeated, retreated to the northwest, joined forces with Hujie Shanyu, and had 40,000 troops.However, Wujue, Hujie, and Lidan were weak, so they took the initiative to revoke Shanyu's title and worked together to help Cheli Shanyu.When Tu Qi Shanyu got the news, he ordered the commander of the Eastern Corps (General Zuo, or "General Zuo") and the commander of the Eastern Military Region (Captain Captain) to lead 40,000 cavalry to station in the east to guard against Hu Hanxie Shanyu; then he personally led the army Forty thousand cavalry marched westward to attack Cheli Shanyu.Che Li Shanyu was defeated and fled northwest.Tu Qi Shanyu led his army back to the Jiadun area in the southwest (the current location is unknown. Kai sound ta). 3. The government of the Western Han Dynasty had a lot of discussions about the civil strife in the Huns Khanate, most of them argued: "The Huns have harmed the Han Dynasty for too long, and now it is time to use their internal struggles to dispatch a large army to wipe them out in one fell swoop." Liu Bing has asked Xiao Wangzhi, the chief inspector (censor doctor) for his opinion.Xiao Wangzhi replied: "In the Spring and Autumn Period, soldiers and beggars from the state of Jin led an army to attack the state of Qi. When they got the news of the death of Jiang Huan, the king of Qi (the twenty-fourth Linggong), they retreated immediately (refer to "Gongyang Zhuan Nineteen Years of Xianggong "). Gentlemen believe that the greatest thing about beggars is that they don't take advantage of the enemy's chaos to launch an attack. Only kindness can make filial sons submit, and friendship can move other monarchs. Tu Qitang) admires Chinese culture, is dedicated to goodness, and obeys like a younger brother. He also sent envoys to ask for marriage. Everyone in the world feels relieved, and the barbarians also know it. Unfortunately, before the marriage was concluded, they were killed. They were harmed by bandit ministers (refer to last year). If we go to crusade now, we will take advantage of their danger and rejoice in their people's disaster. They will inevitably retreat farther away; The suggestion is: send envoys to the Xiongnu Khanate to condolences, assist the weak, and rescue the victims. The barbarians from all over the world will respect the benevolence and righteousness of our country when they hear this news. The highest morality." Liu Bing has adopted this suggestion. 4. In winter, on December 1st, a solar eclipse. 5. Han Yanshou succeeds Xiao Wangzhi as mayor of North Chang'an (Zuo Fengyi).Xiao Wangzhi got information that Han Yanshou had used more than 10,000,000 public funds in treasury during his tenure as the county magistrate of Dongjun (southwest of Puyang City, Henan Province), and immediately sent a supervisor (censor) to investigate (Yan Shigu's note: Xiao Wang之因韩延寿是后任，而又有贤能盛名，恐怕政绩超过自己，深为嫉妒不安，准备用法律手段陷害）。韩延寿得到消息，也派人调查萧望之任内时，动用首都粮仓及畜牧管理署（廪牺）公款百余万的内幕。 萧望之向刘病已奏报说：“我的职责（此指最高监察长职责）是监察天下各郡各封国，既有人检举，不敢不问，想不到韩延寿却对我报复。”刘病已对韩延寿的印象开始恶劣，下令追究。追究的结果是，萧望之动用公款查无实据，而派往东郡的监察官却查出：韩延寿在考试骑射的日子，奢侈豪华，超过法令规定（逾制）。又用库存的黄铜，在月食的时候，铸造刀枪剑戟，一切仿效中央政府御库房（尚方）办法。又用公款雇用工人，却供自己差遣。又浪费公款三百万以上，加装自己车辆的防箭设备。于是，指控韩延寿“狡猾不道”。韩延寿遂被绑赴街市，斩首。 在行刑之前，官吏跟人民数千人，送到渭城（陕西省咸阳市）法场，扶老携幼，攀住囚车车轴不放，争相进奉酒肉。韩延寿不忍拒绝，凡敬他酒的，都一饮而尽，共计喝下一石（音dan）有余。命他的旧属向送他的人们致谢，说：“辛苦各位远程相送，我死而无恨！”人们无不悲恸流涕。 1、春季，正月，西汉王朝（首都长安）皇帝（十任宣帝）刘病已（本年三十六岁）前往甘泉（陕西省淳化县西北），祭祀天神。 2、车骑将军韩增逝世。 五月，刘病已任命将军许延寿当全国武装部队最高指挥官（大司马），兼车骑大将军。 3、宰相（丞相）丙吉，年纪已老，刘病已对他十分敬重。而萧望之却瞧不起丙吉（萧望之奏称：“人民困乏，盗贼不止，部长级官员的才能，多不能胜任他们的职务，三公也都不是恰当的人选。责任和过失，在我跟其他臣属身上。”企图排除丙吉，使自己擢升），刘病已十分不高兴。于是，宰相府执行官（丞相司直）弹劾萧望之对宰相（丙吉）态度傲慢无礼，又曾派属下低级官员给自己买东西，低级官员私下贴钱，前后共十万三千钱；请求惩治。 秋季，八月二日，刘病已下令贬降萧望之当太子师傅（太子太傅）；擢升原太子师傅黄霸当最高监察长（御史大夫）。 4、匈奴汗国（王庭设蒙古国哈尔和林市）呼韩邪单于（十四任）挛鞮稽侯栅，命他的老弟右谷蠡王等，率大军西进，攻击屠耆单于（五单于之一），斩杀及俘虏一万余人。屠耆单于大为震怒，亲自统率骑兵六万人的庞大兵团反攻，不料溃败，屠耆单于自杀。 东部军区总监（左大且渠）都隆奇跟屠耆单于的幼子右谷蠡王挛鞮姑瞀楼头，投降汉朝。车犁单于（五单于之三）则向东投降呼韩邪单于挛鞮稽侯栅。 冬季，十一月，呼韩邪单于挛鞮稽侯栅的东部兵团司令（左大将）乌厉屈，跟老爹随从武官（呼速累）乌厉温敦，看到匈奴汗国内乱不止，率领他们的部属数万人南下，投降汉朝。西汉政府封乌厉屈当新城侯，乌厉温敦当义阳侯。 这时候，李陵的儿子再拥戴乌藉单于（五单于之四）复位。呼韩邪单于挛鞮稽侯栅，起兵攻击，击斩乌藉单于，重回王庭（蒙古国哈尔和林市）。然而，部属才只有数万人而已。屠耆单于的堂弟休旬王，在西境宣布独立，称闰振单于。呼韩邪单于的老哥、左贤王挛鞮呼屠吾斯，在东境也宣布独立，称郅支骨都侯单于（本年，匈奴汗国由五单于并立，经过一番互相残杀的血战之后，分裂成三个独立汗国）。 5、宫廷禁卫官司令（光禄勋）、平通侯杨恽（音yun），廉洁无私，可是，却喜爱展示他的才能，性情刻薄险诈，喜爱揭发别人的阴私。在政府中，结下很多怨仇。杨恽跟交通部长（太仆）戴长乐，互不相容。正好有人上书皇帝控告戴长乐，戴长乐认为准是杨恽背后教唆主使，就立即反击，指名检举说：“杨恽曾上书为韩延寿辩护，宫廷禁卫官（郎中）丘常，询问杨恽说：'听说你想救韩延寿，能不能救他一命？'杨恽说：'谈何容易？正直的人士，往往得不到平安。我连自己都不能保全，正是人们说的：老鼠进不了洞穴，只怪它嘴里衔的东西太大。'杨恽又亲口告诉我：'正月之后，天气久阴不雨，这正是《春秋》记载过，而夏侯胜谈论过的现象。'”（夏侯胜说：“天久阴不雨，臣下必然有犯上作乱的行动。”参考前七四年。用此暗示杨恽诅咒刘病已死在臣属之手。） 案件交付司法部（廷尉），司法部长于定国奏报：“杨恽心怀怨望，用恶言诽谤，大逆不道！”（“大逆不道”是唯一死刑，甚至屠灭全家全族。）刘病已不忍诛杀，下诏赦免杨恽死刑，跟戴长乐一齐贬谪，成为平民。 1、春季，正月二十六日，西汉王朝（首都长安）宰相、博阳侯（定侯）丙吉逝世。 Ban Gu said: 古代制定器物的名称，一定找一个跟原器物有点类似的作为参考。远的取材于别的东西，近的取材于自己身边。所以，经典上称君王是“元首”（头颅），称臣僚是“股肱”（肱，音gong，上臂，从肩到肘部分。股，大腿，从屁股到膝盖部分）。说明领袖跟干部是一体的，互相扶持，才能成功。君王跟臣僚之间密切配合，是古今正常的轨道，自然的形势。最近，观察西汉王朝的宰相，自从高祖（一任帝刘邦）开创基业，萧何、曹参，应列第一。孝宣（十任帝刘病已）中兴，丙吉、魏相，最有声誉。当他们在位时，无论罢黜、升迁，都有一定的标准和程序，政府各部门，都很健全，部长级高级官员，都能称职，国内礼让之风兴起。观察他们的行事，哪有一点虚妄！ 2、二月二十五日（原文“壬辰”，据《汉书·百官公卿表》改），西汉帝（十任宣帝）刘病已（本年三十七岁）擢升最高监察长（御史大夫）黄霸当宰相（丞相）。 黄霸的长处在于直接治理人民，对中央政府庞大的功能，缺乏运作能力，当宰相后，声誉比他当郡长时顿减。有一天，首都长安特别市长（京兆尹）张敞家的鹖雀（可能是斑鸠之类。鹖，音he），飞集到宰相府，黄霸大为惊喜，认为它们是神雀，准备奏报皇帝。 张敞上书刘病已，说： “我看到宰相会同各部首长（中二千石）、研究官（博士），共同接见各地方政府派来京师奏报考绩的官员，包括郡长（守）、秘书长（长史）、主任秘书（丞）。询问考察他们兴利除害，推行教化的情形，听取答复。凡是报告辖区之内，农人让田，男女分开走路，遗失东西，没有人捡，以及能列举孝子和贞节妇女姓名人数的，列为第一等成绩，请他们先入厅上坐。仅只能泛泛陈述，不能确切指出姓名人数的，列为第二等成绩。在这方面不能有所表现的，列为第三等，只能在后排叩头请罪。宰相虽然口中没有说出来，但心里却希望他们也能对答如流。 “会议进行时，我家的一群鹖雀，飞集到宰相府屋顶上。宰相以下的所有人等，有好几百人亲眼看到。其中有从边疆地区来的，都知道它是什么鸟（鹖雀出产羌中，长安不常见），可是，向他们询问时，他们却硬是假装不知道。宰相曾准备把这项祥瑞，奏报陛下，说：'我问过来到首都呈送工作报告的各地方政府首长，他们都认为，教化大兴，上天才派下神雀。'后来发现原来是从我家飞来的鹖雀，才算停止。地方政府官员都在暗中窃笑，认为宰相仁爱忠厚，而又有智慧谋略，只是有点相信神怪奇迹。 “我绝不是抨击宰相，只是恐怕大家都不重视此事，忽略了它的重要性。宰相盼望什么，地方政府首长就会舍弃正规法令，专心于个人表现，追求'绩效'增加。那么，淳朴的风俗，势必破坏。大家只讲究虚伪的面貌，结果，名存实亡，各走偏锋，最后成了奇异妖孽的世界。假如首都长安市辖区内，先能够农夫让田，男女分开走路，不捡遗失的东西，实际上无补于分辨廉洁与贪污、贞节与荒淫；只不过用表面假象，欺骗天下，已经不可以。如今反而鼓励各郡各封国先去做假，再把美誉传到京师（首都长安），这可不是小事，后遗症非常严重。 “西汉王朝接管破碎的时代，不得不做若干改变，制定新的法律条例，目的在于鼓励善行，禁止邪恶。条理周密，已不能再有增加。所以我们应做的事是：由政府明白指示地方政府官员，回去后转告他们的首长（二千石），在任用乡村教育官（三老）、伦理官（孝弟）、农业官（力田），选拔知识分子（孝廉）以及小吏时，务必物色适当的人才。郡政府和封国亲王府发号施令，都应遵循法律条例的规定，不可以擅自修改。如果敢有用诈术博取声誉的，就应先受诛杀，用以显示好坏善恶的标准。” 刘病已欣然采纳，召集呈送考绩到首都来的地方政府官员，命宫廷随从（侍中）切实告诫，内容完全用张敞的建议。黄霸大为惭愧。 乐陵侯史高（刘病已祖母史良娣老哥史华的长子，刘病已的表叔），以皇亲国戚跟旧时恩义的缘故，出入宫廷，贵重一时。黄霸奏请任命史高当全国武装部队总司令（太尉）。刘病已命宫廷秘书（尚书）召唤黄霸前来质问说：“全国武装部队总司令这个官职，撤销已经很久（前一三九年，田蚡免除全国武装部队总司令职务后，就再不复设，距本年已八十五年），推广教化，建立上下交通渠道，使监狱不再有冤枉，地方不再有盗贼，是你宰相的责任。至于任命宰相或大将，是我的责任。宫廷随从乐陵侯史高，是亲密近臣，我对他很清楚，你为什么逾越职责，冒昧推荐？”（宰相本来总揽全局，职责上当然可以推荐。但是自七任帝刘彻之后，宰相只管文官，武官由皇帝任命的全国武装部队最高指挥官管辖，所以认为宰相越权。）宫廷秘书（尚书）命黄霸答复，黄霸答复不出，脱下官帽，请求恕罪。几天之后，刘病已才下令不予追究。 从此之后，黄霸不敢再提什么建议。然而，西汉王朝建立以来，治理人民的好官，黄霸居第一位。 3、三月，刘病已前往河东郡（山西省夏县），祭祀后土神。下诏减少人头税（人民七岁到十四岁，每年缴纳人头税二十三钱。前七四年，曾减收十分之三，每人约出十六钱。本年再减，唯减少的数目不详）。赦免天下死刑以下罪犯。 4、六月十六日，擢升西河郡（内蒙古准格尔旗西南）郡长（太守）杜延年当最高监察长（御史大夫）。 5、设置西河移民区（属国），与北地（甘肃省庆阳县西北马岭镇）移民区，收容归降的匈奴部落。 6、广陵（厉）王（首府广陵）刘胥（七任武帝刘彻子），命女巫李女须，诅咒刘病已，阴谋当天子。事被发觉，刘胥杀人灭口，毒杀女巫跟宫女二十余人。中央部长级以上高级官员，请求处刘胥死刑。 1、春季，西汉王朝（首都长安）广陵王（首府广陵）刘胥自杀。 2、匈奴汗国单于，向汉朝归附，派老弟右谷蠡王到首都长安当人质（此时，匈奴三单于并立，是哪一位单于归附，不详。但从明年事态发展推测，应是位于西部的闰振单于），汉朝边疆不再有战争，中央政府下令减少边防军十分之二。 3、农林部主任秘书（大司农中丞）耿寿昌奏称：“连年丰收，粮食价贱，农夫收入随之减少。依照从前规定，关东（函谷关以东）每年运送稻谷四百万斛，供应首都（长安），需要士兵六万人。如果中央从三辅（首都长安市、西长安市、北长安市）、弘农郡（河南省灵宝县东北）、河东郡（山西省夏县）、上党郡（山西省长子县）、太原郡（山西省太原市），直接收购，可以节省运输部队一半以上。”西汉帝（十任宣帝）刘病已（本年三十八岁）采纳。耿寿昌又奏称：“命沿边各郡，一律兴建粮库，在粮价贱时，略微增加一点价格收购。粮秣贵时，略微减低一点价格卖出，定名'常平仓'。”从此，人民受益不浅。 刘病已下诏封耿寿昌关内侯。 4. Summer, April 1st, solar eclipse. 5、杨恽既失去侯爵（参考前五六年），在家赋闲，大肆购买产业，用他的财富，从事声色犬马。他的朋友安定郡（宁夏回族自治区固原县）郡长（太守）孙会宗，写信给他规劝告诫，说：“一位居高位的大臣，一旦被罢黜贬谪，应当闭门不出，惶惧不安，做出悲哀可怜模样，不应该大兴土木，交结宾客，享有声誉。”杨恽，是曾经当过宰相的杨敞的儿子（杨敞，就是那位一听说霍光要罢黜九任帝刘贺，吓得浑身流汗，不敢一言的老官僚。参考前七四年），有能力才干，从小就在政府担任要职，声名显耀。一旦被无法分辩的暧昧言语中伤，竟被贬谪，内心当然不平，于是回信说：“曾经自我检讨，我的罪过太大，行为更有亏欠。决心当一个农夫，默默无闻于世。所以亲自率领妻子儿女，从事耕田种桑，想不到却又因此之故，受到讥评！人情所不能克制的，连圣人都不禁止。君王跟老爹，虽然地位最为尊贵，血缘最为亲近，一旦他们死亡，做臣属和儿子的，送终服丧，也有尽期（三年）。我之得到惩罚，恰恰已满三年（表示已不必再闭门惶惧），劳作辛苦，遇到岁末严寒之时，宰羊杀羔（小羊），配上斗酒，自己慰劳。酒后耳朵发热，仰天敲盆，纵声高歌：'南山那里的田地／一片荒芜／没有人照料。播种一顷豆子／最后豆茎下垂／都成乱草。人生应该及时行乐／何必盼望高官富豪！'诚然荒淫无度，不知道不可以这样。” 杨恽的侄儿安平侯杨谭，告诉杨恽说：“你的罪状很小，而功劳很大（指揭发霍姓家族谋反），一定会再被征召。”杨恽说：“功劳有什么用？皇上认为我还没有尽力。”杨谭说：“皇上确实如此。盖宽饶、韩延寿都已经尽力了，还不是借口诛杀？” 恰好日食，管马助理员（驺马猥佐）成（姓不详），上书控告：“杨恽骄傲奢侈，不知道悔过，日食的警告，应在此人身上。”刘病已交付司法部（廷尉）审讯。在搜查中，得到杨恽写给孙会宗的信稿，刘病已深恶痛绝。司法部判决：杨恽大逆不道，腰斩。妻子、儿子放逐到酒泉郡（甘肃省酒泉市）。杨谭连坐，贬作平民。政府中跟杨恽友善的所有高级官员，如未央宫保安官（未央卫尉）韦玄成及孙会宗，全部免职。 Bo Yang said: 文言文原版，有张宴对杨恽那首歌词的诠释。看了之后，毛骨悚然。张宴的诠释是：“'南山'是很高的地方，象征皇帝，而竟'一片荒芜，没有人照料'，显然在攻击皇帝昏乱。'一顷'是一百亩，比喻政府中的文武百官。'豆子'本是很结实的东西，代表忠贞，应该放在仓库之中，却沦落到旷野，譬喻杨恽的被罢黜放逐。'豆茎下垂'，曲而不直，暗示政府官员，都是谄媚之徒。” 张宴是什么时候人，以及是干什么的，我们不知道。仅从他对杨恽这一首歌词的诠释，便可了解文化杀手的可怖。中国专制政体下统治者，或以统治者自居的大小官僚，一旦触及到对文字的解释，想像力的丰富，着实惊人，就像台湾北海岸的“疯狗浪”，势不可当。阿Ｑ因为自己是秃子，只不过对“光”“亮”敏感而已。张宴竟能从一首普通的歌词里，找出足以使作者毁灭的罪证，这种本领，如果用到科学研究上，中国该有多大的进步？却偏偏用到文字狱上，正说明有良心的知识分子的灾难，泉源何在。 Sima Guang said: 以刘病已的英明，魏相、丙吉当宰相（丞相），于定国当司法部长（廷尉），而赵广汉、盖宽饶、韩延寿、杨恽，先后诛杀，都不能使人民心服，是他们美好声誉上最大的污点。《周官·司寇》上有明确的规定：应该考虑到被告的贤德及才干，减轻处分。像赵广汉、韩延寿，治理人民，能说他们没有才干？盖宽饶、杨恽的刚强正直，能说他们没有贤德？即令真的犯了死罪，还要宽恕，何况他们被指控的过失，远不至于死？扬雄认为韩延寿之反击萧望之，是自取其咎。我不以为如此，使韩延寿冒犯上级官员的，是萧望之迫害的结果。上级不能洞察隐情，独使韩延寿身受诛杀，手段过于毒辣。 6、匈奴西部的闰振单于，率领部队向东攻击郅支单于，兵败被杀，部队被郅支单于并吞。郅支单于乘战胜余威，攻击呼韩邪单于（十四任）挛鞮稽侯栅。挛鞮稽侯栅大败，逃走；郅支单于遂入居王庭（设蒙古国哈尔和林市）。 1、春季，正月，西汉王朝（首都长安）皇帝（十任宣帝）刘病已（本年三十九岁）前往甘泉（陕西省淳化县西北），祭祀天神。 2、杨恽处死之后，高级官员纷纷指控：“首都长安特别市长（京兆尹）张敞，是杨恽的朋友，不应该仍居高位。”刘病已爱护张敞，把奏章搁置，不交付查办。然而，山雨欲来风满楼，气氛十分紧张。 张敞派他的一位秘书（掾）絮舜（絮，姓）调查一件案情，絮舜态度倨傲，爱理不理，索性回家睡觉，冷笑说：“你这个顶多再干五天的市长，还不知趣，查什么案？”（原文：“五日京兆耳，安能