Chapter 39 The 120th century BC (80-71 BC)

1. In spring, the Di ethnic tribes (formerly Baima State) in Wudu County (Hailin Township, southwest of Xihe County, Gansu Province) in the Western Han Dynasty (capital Chang’an) rebelled against the Western Han government. At the age of fifteen) Ma Shijian (Ma Shi, double surname), commander of the Chang'an garrison area in the capital (Zhijinwu), Long Yi (sound e) Hou Hanzeng, Minister of vassal affairs (Da Honglu) Tian Guangming, assembled three assistants (Great Chang'an area) The prisoners in the prison and the prison of the Ministry of Sacrifice (Taichang) were exempted from their crimes and set out to crusade.

2. Summer, June, forgive the world. 3. In autumn, on July 30, there is a total solar eclipse. 4. In August, the year name was changed to Yuanfeng (before it was the sixth year of Shiyuan, and then it was the first year of Yuanfeng). 5. General Zuo, Shangguan Jie and his son were promoted to extremely noble positions. They were very grateful to Princess Eyi and tried their best to make her lover Dingwairen a Marquis.However, Huo Guang refused.Shangguan Jie and his son wanted the next best thing, and hoped that Ding Wairen would be a special state official (Doctor Guanglu), so that he would be eligible to be summoned by the emperor, but Huo Guang also disagreed.So Princess Eyi began to resent Huo Guang, and Shangguan and his son felt ashamed because of Ding Wairen's repeated encounters.It just so happened that a man named Chong Guo (surname unknown) favored by Shangguan Jie's father-in-law was the Chief Medical Officer (Emperor Medical Superintendent).One day, for unknown reasons, he rashly broke into the bedroom that he could not enter, was arrested, imprisoned, and sentenced to death, and the winter was about to end (the Western Han Dynasty decreed that after the winter, the execution would stop. executions).Princess Eyi paid 20 horses for redemption for Chongguo, so she was saved from death.So Shangguan and his son were more grateful to Princess Eyi, but hated Huo Guang deeply.

In the era of Liu Che (the seventh Emperor Wu), Shangguan Jie was already a minister (Jiuqing), and his status was higher than that of Huo Guang. (Shangguan Jie is the Minister of Communications, with an annual salary of 2,000 shi. Huo Guang is only the director of imperial vehicles and a special state official, with an annual salary of 2,000 shi.) Now, both Shangguan father and son are generals at the same time (Shangguan Jie is Zuo General, Shangguan Andang General Che Qi), and the queen is Shangguan An's own daughter—it's just Huo Guang's granddaughter, another layer away.On the contrary, Huo Guang was in power, and everything had to be approved by him. The Shangguan father and son were resentful and determined to seize power.Thus began a tragic court struggle.

Liu Dan, King Yan (the capital of Jixian County), is Liu Fuling's older brother, but he cannot inherit the throne and is full of grievances.At this time, Sang Hongyang, the chief inspector (doctor censor), thought that he had made great contributions to the government by establishing a monopoly system such as salt, iron and wine, and thought that he had made a lot of contributions. Huo Guang was also very resentful.Princess Eyi, Shangguan Jie, Shangguan An, Sang Hongyang and Liu Dan secretly formed an anti-Huo Guang front.Liu Dan's actions were more active. He dispatched Sun Zongzhi and others more than a dozen secret envoys, carrying a large amount of valuable gold and silver treasures, to the capital Chang'an at the fastest speed, and presented Princess Eyi, Shangguan and his son, Sang Hongyang, etc. as presents.

Shangguan Jie and others wrote a letter to Liu Fuling in the name of Yan Wang Liu Dan, reporting that Huo Guang was under martial law when he went to the outskirts of the capital (Chang'an) to inspect the imperial guards (Lang) and Habayashi guards (Habayashi). Just like going on a tour, pedestrians are forbidden to walk, and the royal kitchen (taiguan) is taught to go to the front station to prepare food and accommodation, which is completely a ritual of the emperor.He also accused: Su Wu was sent as an envoy to the Xiongnu Khanate for 20 years (actually 19 years, plus one year, it is an integer, which is impressive), and he vowed not to surrender, but he only paid a director of the immigration area (the classic country), However, Yang Chang, the secretary-general of the Supreme Command (General Commander-in-Chief), had no meritorious service, but was promoted to the director of grain (Sou Su Duwei).Moreover, the commanders (college lieutenants) of each army were transferred to the Supreme Command without authorization to increase the number of staff headquarters.Liu Dan said in the memorial: "Huo Guang monopolizes the power and does whatever he wants. I am afraid that there will be extraordinary actions. I, Liu Dan, am willing to return the prince's seal and go to the court to serve His Majesty, protect the holy bow, and supervise the treacherous officials."

When Huo Guang was on vacation, Shangguan Jie seized the opportunity of being on duty and presented this memorial to Liu Fuling.What he expected was that he and Sang Hongyang would immediately arrest Huo Guang and execute him as soon as Liu Fuling handed over the memorial for investigation.However, it was never expected that after submitting it to Liu Fuling, Liu Fuling stayed on the desk and did not hand it over for investigation.Early the next morning, when Huo Guang entered the court, he got the news and stopped in the studio (the place where exquisite sculptures and paintings are waiting to be summoned), not daring to enter the Golden Luan Palace.It was Liu Fuling who asked, "Where is the supreme commander (general)?" Shangguan Jie replied, "Because the king of Yan accused him, he dare not enter the palace." Official hat, kowtow to ask for conviction.Liu Fuling said: "General, please put on your official hat, this memorial is obviously fake, what crime are you guilty of?" Huo Guang breathed a sigh of relief, and asked, "How does Your Majesty know it's fake?" Liu Fuling said : "You went to Guangming (a village outside the east gate of Chang'an) to inspect the imperial guards. It was just a few days ago. It has not been more than ten days since the army commanders (captains) were recruited. How could King Yan know (the capital of Yan State) Ji County and the capital Chang'an are 900 kilometers away by air, and there are thousands of mountains and rivers in between, including the Taihang Mountains and the Yellow River)? Moreover, if the general intends to launch an extraordinary incident, he does not need any commander at all."

This year (80 years ago), Liu Fuling was only fourteen years old (should be fifteen years old). This kind of quick response and wise judgment shocked the palace secretary (Shangshu) and other senior officials.The person who submitted the document fled as expected, and Liu Fuling ordered an urgent pursuit.Shangguan Jie and others felt guilty and fearful, and persuaded him that this is a trivial matter and there is no need to work on the Sacred Heart.Liu Fuling refused to accept it, but he couldn't capture it in the end.However, in the future, when Shangguan Jie’s party members made small reports about Huo Guang, Liu Fuling replied sharply: "Huo Guang is a loyal minister. The late emperor (Liu Che) entrusted him to assist me in governing the country. If anyone speaks ill of him, I will teach him. Sit back." From then on, Shangguan Jie and others did not dare to frame him again.

*Li Deyu said: The most noble quality of a king is his ability to discern the truth.Mingcha can see through treachery, so that no evil can be deceived. Liu Fuling is an example.It seems that Ji Song, the second king of the Zhou Dynasty, should be ashamed; even Liu Bang (the first emperor of the Western Han Dynasty), Liu Heng (the fifth emperor), and Liu Qi (the sixth emperor) are far apart.Ji Song listened to the rumors spread by Guan Guo and Cai Guo, which caused Ji Dan to be in a dilemma and had to lead his army to march eastward.Liu Bang believed that Chen Ping had betrayed Wei Guo and Xi Chu, and almost abandoned this think tank.Liu Heng believed that Ji Bu was drunk and crazy, so he didn't dare to appoint him as the chief inspector, but still taught him to return to the post of county magistrate; he suspected that Jia Yi was arbitrarily powerful and might cause chaos, so he alienated this talented person.Liu Qi thought that as long as Chao Cuo was killed, the resistance of the six countries could be resolved, so he slaughtered Sangong.It is exactly: "Be suspicious first, and then have a treacherous mouth." If Liu Fuling can get the assistance of Yi Yin and Jiang Ziya, the era of Ji Song (as king on Tuesday) and Ji Zhao (as king on Wednesday) are not enough to compare.

Bo Yang said: In Li Deyu's majestic and powerful thesis, Yi Yin, Jiang Ziya, Ji Song, and Ji Zhao suddenly appeared at the end of a few strange characters, which completely destroyed the momentum.We really don't understand why the Confucian system always clings to historical relics full of loopholes? 6. Shangguan Jie and Princess Eyi could not bring down Huo Guang legally, so they decided to take drastic measures.Therefore, they secretly decided: "Princess Eyi will set up a banquet, invite Huo Guang to the banquet, ambush the soldiers under the tent, kill Huo Guang, then depose Liu Fuling, and welcome Liu Dan to the throne." Liu Dan fully agrees with this. Arrangements, frequent communication between the two parties.After Liu Dan promised to ascend the throne, he would be crowned as the king of Shangguan Jie; he would contact heroes and heroes from all counties and countries, and there were more than a thousand people, armed and on standby.Liu Dan told Prime Minister Ping (surname unknown) of his plan, and Ping dissuaded him, saying: "Your Majesty conspired with Liu Ze before, and the matter has not succeeded, and the news has leaked out, because Liu Ze's temperament is exaggerated and unrealistic. According to me, I understand that Shangguan Jie has always been careless in doing things; while Shangguan An was arrogant and frenzied because of his wealth since he was a child; neither of them is a person who can achieve great things, and I am afraid that they will fail like Liu Ze. Moreover, even if they succeed, I am afraid that they will fail again when the time comes. Betrayed you."

Liu Dan didn't believe it, and said: "Some time ago, a man came to the palace and claimed to be the old prince Liu Shi. The people in Chang'an City were happy for a while (refer to 1982). Huo Guang was so frightened that he dispatched troops I am the eldest son of the first emperor (Liu Che), and everyone in the world knows it, so why do you care about someone's opposition?" Later, he said to his officials: "Princess Eyi told me that the only stumbling block is Huo Guang and the right general Wang Mang ( This Wang Mang, alias Uncle Zhi, from Tianshui, is not the Wang Mang who replaced the Western Han Dynasty eighty years later), and now Wang Mang has passed away, and the Prime Minister (Tian Qianqiu) is ill; the event will surely succeed, and there will be good news soon.” Ordered Civil and military officials are ready to pack for departure at any time.

However, there was another conspiracy in the conspiracy, and Shangguan An secretly planned to get rid of Liu Dan after Liu Dan entered Beijing, and then deposed Liu Fuling and supported his father Shangguan Jie to ascend the throne.The cronies said: "Then, what should the queen do?" Shangguan An said: "The hounds chasing deer can still take care of rabbits (meaning: in pursuit of a big goal, they have to make small sacrifices)! Liu Dan became emperor After that, once we change our minds, we may not even be able to be ordinary civilians, this is really a golden opportunity!" Unexpectedly, things took a turn for the worse. Yancang, the father of the servant (sheren) of Princess Eyi's family and the rent collector (envoy of the rice field), learned of the conspiracy and immediately reported it to Yang Chang, Minister of Agriculture and Forestry (Da Sinong).Yang Chang was cautious, always afraid of things, he dared not tell the truth, he claimed to be sick, and moved to another place for recuperation.Yancang then reported to the commentator (admonisher) Du Yannian, and Du Yannian quickly told Huo Guang. On September 1st, Liu Fuling issued an edict ordering Prime Minister Tian Qianqiu to arrest Sun Zongzhi, Shangguan Jie, Shangguan An, Sang Hongyang, Ding Wairen, and their families, and to execute them all.Princess Eyi committed suicide. Liu Dan, the king of Yan, got the news, summoned Prime Minister Ping (surname unknown) and said: "The matter has failed, should I mobilize the army?" Set up a banquet, and bid farewell to the ministers, subordinates, concubines and concubines one by one.Soon, Liu Fuling reprimanded Liu Dan with an official edict, and Liu Dan hanged himself with a ribbon. More than 20 queens and concubines followed Liu Dan to commit suicide.Liu Fuling was especially merciful, pardoning the crown prince Liu Jian from death, and demoting him to a commoner.Give Liu Dan a nickname: Assassin King.Empress Shangguan was still young (this year, the little queen was only nine years old), did not participate in the coup plot, and was Huo Guang's granddaughter, so she was not deposed. 7. On September 2, the mayor of West Chang'an (You Fufeng) Wang Xin (sound xin) was promoted to the position of supreme inspector general. 8. In winter, in October, Du Yannian was granted the title of Marquis of Jianping, and Yancang was given the title of Marquis of Yicheng.The former advisor of the Prime Minister's Mansion (Prime Minister Zheng Shi, with an annual salary of 600 shi) served in the palace, captured Shangguan Jie alive, and was granted the title of Marquis of Yiyang. , Fengshang Lihou. A long time later, Wei Xiang, a senior Confucian intellectual (literature) and a native of Jiyin (Dingtao County, Shandong Province), participated in the examination (countermeasure) presided over by Liu Fuling himself, and said: "At the beginning, Liu Dan, the king of Yan, was crazy and innocent, and Han Yi Standing up to persuade, was executed by Liu Dan. Han Yi did not have the kinship of Zigan (Bigan), but he had the righteousness of Zigan (the last emperor of the Shang Dynasty was tyrannized by Shou Xin, and his uncle was a gentleman of the country. I advise Zi Shouxin to execute Zigan by caesarean section), and it is best to reward his son and show the world the righteousness that officials should uphold." The Western Han government then promoted Han Yi's son Han Yanshou to be a commentator (remonstrance doctor). 9. Huo Guang, the Supreme Commander-in-Chief (Great General) of the country, all the veterans and old ministers in the government have withered. Simple, so he recommended him as the right general and commander of the court guard, as Huo Guang's assistant.Zhang Anshi was the son of Zhang Tang, the late chief inspector (censor doctor). Huo Guang believed that Du Yannian was loyal and loyal, so he promoted him to be Minister of Communications (Private Servant), Director of the Right Chamber of the Palace Secretariat (Shangshu Youcao), and Supervisor of the Imperial Palace (Give Shizhong. "Servant" and "Give Shizhong", Neither is an independent official position, but a kind of "additional official". "Zhong" refers to the palace, which means that you can enter the palace. It is like "walking" in the Qing Dynasty, "walking" is not an official position, a place where ministers cannot go without authorization. Staff can go there if they add "walking". If it is reluctant, "servant" is to follow the emperor, serving beside the emperor, serving tea, lighting lamps, holding a spittoon, and carrying a urinal. "Giving things" cannot They are close to the emperor, but they can only go to designated places in the palace to handle official duties. Both are added officials, and most of them have a job. Du Yannian's job is the Minister of Communications, and with the addition of "servant", he can go to the emperor's side. Plus If you go to "Gishizhong", you can go to the secretarial office in the palace. Without these additional officials, he can't enter the palace, let alone participate in confidential affairs).Huo Guang advocated harsh punishments and strict laws, while Du Yannian always suggested leniency. Small officials or civilians sometimes submitted memorials to Liu Fuling, and they would be handed over to Du Yannian for review.When you meet someone who can serve as an official, try them out.They may be sent to the local government as county magistrates, or they may stay in the central government as the secretary or staff of the prime minister's office or the Supreme Supervisory Office.A year later, he conducted an investigation and reported his achievements to Liu Fuling.Those who are incompetent or have committed crimes will be punished. 10. This year (80 years ago), the Huns Khanate (the royal court was located in Harhelin, Mongolia) mobilized more than 20,000 cavalry from the two major military regions in the east and west, divided into four columns, and launched a general attack on the frontier of the Han Dynasty at the same time.The border guards of the Han counterattacked, beheaded and captured 9,000 people, and captured King Ou Tuo alive (Ou, sound ou. Ou Tuo, in Hun language, refers to an outpost or watchtower on the border), but the Han army suffered no casualties.Fearing that King Outuo would lead the Han army to counterattack, the Xiongnu hurriedly retreated to the northwest, not daring to go south to search for water and grass. (The combat effectiveness of the Huns Khanate has declined significantly.) The government of the Western Han Dynasty immigrated in large numbers, and settled the vacuum zone (Out) at the junction of Han and Hungary. 1. In summer, in April, Liu Fuling (16 years old), the emperor of the Western Han Dynasty (capital Chang'an) (eighth Emperor Zhao), moved from Jianzhang Palace to Weiyang Palace. 2. In June, forgive the world. 3. This year (79 years ago), the Huns Khanate (the royal court was located in Harhelin City, Mongolia) sent cavalry southward and stationed in the surrendered city (Xinhure, 50 kilometers east of Urad Middle Banner, Inner Mongolia, refer to the previous article 〇 four years), to prepare for the Han Dynasty assault.But on the Yuwu River in the north (Tula River in Mongolia), build a bridge and prepare to retreat at any time.Shanyu (eleventh term) of the Xiongnu wanted to reconcile with the Han Dynasty, but he was afraid that the Han Dynasty would reject him, so he refused to make the request first, but he often taught his left and right, and hinted to the envoys sent by the Han Dynasty to the Xiongnu.However, there were fewer and fewer incidents of harassment on the frontier, and the hospitality of the envoys of the Han Dynasty became more grand, and the purpose was still on the road of reconciliation.The government of the Western Han Dynasty also responded to the story and remained friendly. 1. In spring, the first month of the lunar year, there was a big rock on Mount Tai in the Western Han Dynasty (capital Chang'an), and suddenly stood up by itself.In the Imperial Garden (Shanglin Garden), a willow tree that had died and fell to the ground suddenly came back to life, and the trunk stood upright; when an insect gnawed on the willow leaves, it gnawed out the five words "Gongsun's disease has been established". Sui (sound sui) Hong, a custodian of the palace talisman festival (Fu Jieling), Lu State (the capital of Lu County), said in a letter: "The big stone stands up by itself, and the willow tree that fell to the ground revives by itself, indicating that there will be a commoner as the emperor. The tree dies and rises again. , Could it be that the Gongsun branch of the deposed royal family is destined to revive? The Liu surnamed royal family in the Western Han Dynasty is the descendant of Emperor Yao Yiqi Fangxun (refer to 195 years ago), and is destined to have the fate of abdicating. Therefore, in the end The appropriate response is to seek out a capable person, and ask Your Majesty to give him the throne. Abdicate yourself, and make a marquis with a fief of a hundred miles, and obey the destiny." Suihong was charged with "deceived words to confuse the crowd" and beheaded. 2. The Shanyu (eleventh term) of the Xiongnu Khanate (the royal court was located in Harhelin City, Mongolia) ordered Liwu (sound wu) king to scout the frontier fortress.The king of Lipo reported that the troops of the Han Dynasty were weak in Jiuquan County (Jiuquan City, Gansu Province) and Zhangye County (Zhangye City, Gansu Province). belongs to China).At that time, the Western Han government had already received news from the surrendered Huns.Liu Fuling (seventeen years old this year), Emperor of the Western Han Dynasty (Eighth Emperor Zhao), issued an order to strictly guard the border. Soon, the Huns Youxian King and Lipo King led 4,000 cavalry to invade Rile (southeast of Shandan County, Gansu Province), Wulan (southeast of Zhangye City, Gansu Province), and Fanhe (Yongchang County, Gansu Province) in three routes.The governor of Zhangye County and the commander of the garrison in the immigrant area (belonging to the capital of the country. The headquarters is located in the east of Jinta County, Gansu Province), recruited border guards to fight back, and the Huns were defeated. Only a few hundred people could escape.King Yiqu (chief of the Yiqu tribe) in the immigrant area shot and killed King Ligou during the battle.The government of the Western Han Dynasty rewarded King Yiqu with 200 catties of gold and 200 horses, and changed his title to King Ligou (a psychological war against the Huns Khanate).From then on, the Hun Khanate did not dare to attack Zhangye County again. (The hope of recovering the Hexi Corridor has been completely shattered.) 3. The Yangai Rebellion (Yan refers to Yan Wang Liudan. Gai, Princess Eyi married Gaihou Wangchong, also known as Gaichang Princess; Wangchong is the son of Wang Xin’s elder brother Wang Xin), Sang Hongyang’s son Sangqian fled , and took refuge in Hou Shi (surnamed) Wu, the former subordinate of the father.Later, Sang Qian was arrested and executed.Later, the government issued an amnesty order (see June last year), and Hou Shiwu surrendered himself.Minister of Justice (Ting Wei) Wang Ping and Minister of Court Supplies (Shao Fu) Xu Ren, together with the trial, believed that Sang Qian was only implicated in his father's rebellion, not his own rebellion; what Hou Shiwu was hiding was just an ordinary fugitive, Not hiding traitors.So in accordance with the "pardon the world" edict issued last year, Hou Shiwu was acquitted. ("Forgive the world" is not "amnesty for the world". There are still many crimes, such as rebels, that are still not forgiven.) Later, the law enforcement supervisor (Shi Yushi) re-investigated and believed: "Sang Qian has a deep knowledge of the Five Classics of Confucianism ("Poetry", "Li", "Yi", "Spring and Autumn"), and he knew that his father Sang Hongyang conspired against him. It is the same as rebelling against himself. Hou Shiwu also served as a low-level official (three hundred stones), but hiding rebellious criminals is different from civilians hiding ordinary fugitives. Therefore, Hou Shiwu cannot be pardoned. "Zu please send someone to try again.Then he impeached Wang Ping, minister of justice, and Xu Ren, minister of court supply, to cover up traitors. Bo Yang said: Hou Shiwu's case provides the most common model for politically wronged prisons.Although the legal provisions are dead, the interpretation has a certain track.A court clerk said: "After a lawsuit, at the end, the facts of the case are very obvious, even with the clerk nearby. No matter how complicated the content is, the judge can write the verdict in two or three hours. However, if The judge has been bribed or under some kind of pressure, but he has to write for two or three days before the verdict can be released." Because he has to use all his brains to distort the law and facts. Huo Guang was in power at this time. In addition to eradicating the roots of the Sang family, he also wanted to thoroughly purge the minor remnants of the "Yan Gai Gang".Hou Shiwu's head just provided him with a sharp weapon to expand the attack surface.The accusation of the so-called law enforcement inspector (Shi Yushi) is nothing more than "someone reported".If you don't dissuade your father from rebelling, you are rebelling yourself. What kind of reasoning is this?However, if you don't put Sang Qian on the iron hat, you can't bring down Hou Shiwu; if you don't put Hou Shiwu on the iron hat, you can't bring down the two ministers.Legal classics are sacred on the altar, but once used to engage in political struggles, they become butcher knives. 4. Xu Ren, Minister of Supply of the Palace, is the son-in-law of Prime Minister Tian Qianqiu.Tian Qianqiu has been keenly aware of the hidden murderous intent of the Hou Shiwu incident, so he tried his best to defend Hou Shiwu.However, he was afraid that Huo Guang, the supreme commander of the country (general), would not accept it, so Tian Qianqiu called together senior government officials above the ministerial level (Zhongerqianshi) and research officers (doctors) at the north gate (bus gate) of Weiyang Palace to hold a high-level meeting. Meeting to discuss whether Hou Shiwu broke the law.Everyone who attended the meeting knew what Huo Guang meant, and of course unanimously accused Hou Shiwu of a heinous crime.Tian Qianqiu knew that he was unable to save the crisis, and the next day, he reported the conclusion of the discussion and reported the case. Huo Guang's reaction was extremely violent. He believed that Tian Qianqiu's arbitrarily held a meeting of senior officials was deliberately creating a tense situation of confrontation between government officials and defense attachés.Immediately arrest Minister of Justice Wang Ping and Minister of Supply Xu Ren.This action caused shock in the political arena, people believed that the next step would be the chancellor's turn, and Tian Qianqiu could not escape this disaster.Minister of Communications (Private Servant) Du Yannian submitted the last signature to Huo Guang in due course, saying: "Officials release the guilty, and there are normal punishments. Now they even slander Hou Shi and Wu Dawei, and the legal provisions quoted are really reluctant. Prime Minister Tian Qianqiu didn't mean to put forward the opposite opinion on purpose, but just like to intercede for the people in the lower position to gain favor. As for calling a meeting of senior officials without consulting with you first, it is of course rude. I am very ignorant, but I think that Tian Qianqiu has been in power for a long time and was appointed by the late emperor (Liu Che). Unless there is a major accident, he should not be excluded. Recently, folk rumors say that Hou Shiwu is an unjust prisoner, and the law cited, It's too harsh. But Tian Qianqiu discussed this lawsuit at the senior official meeting. If the prime minister is implicated in the prison, it may go against the will of the people. Inevitably, it will cause noise from the masses and discussions from ordinary people. Then, rumors spread everywhere. I am afraid that the general may damage his reputation for this case.” But Huo Guang believed that the Minister of Supply and the Minister of Justice deliberately played with the law, and in the end, they were still arrested and imprisoned. In summer, in April, Xu Ren, minister of court supply, committed suicide in prison.Minister of Justice Wang Ping, Mayor of North Chang'an (Zuo Fengyi) Jia Shenghu, cut in half.But the case no longer escalated, and Huo Guang and Tian Qianqiu continued to live in peace.Du Yannian does not go to extremes, treats things fairly, coordinates the opinions of all parties, and makes the government full of peace. Everything he does is similar to this. 5. In winter, the Wuhuan tribe in Liaodong County (Liaoyang City, Liaoning Province) (the upper reaches of the West Liao River in Inner Mongolia) rebelled. At first, the second Huns Shanyu Maodun defeated the Donghu tribe (eastern Inner Mongolia. Refer to 201 BC), and the remnants of the Donghu fled eastward, respectively fleeing into Wuhuan Mountain (Wuliao Mountain in the northwest of Aluhorqin Banner, Inner Mongolia) , Xianbei Mountains (Daxing'an Mountains), and then divided into two major tribes (Wuhuan tribe and Xianbei tribe), who were enslaved by the Xiongnu Khanate for generations.When Liu Che broke through the eastern military region of the Huns Khanate, the Huns retreated westward, so the Western Han government immigrated the Wuhuan people to Shanggu County (Huailai County, Hebei Province), Yuyang County (Miyun County, Beijing), and Youbeiping County (Ningxia, Inner Mongolia). Southwest of Cheng County), Liaodong County (Liaoyang City, Liaoning Province) and other counties, served as a buffer between the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu, and at the same time made Wuhuan spy on the Huns for the Han Dynasty.The government of the Western Han Dynasty specially set up the Wuhuan Security Commander (Huwuhuan Xiaowei), who was stationed in the immigrant area and served as their supervisory officials to monitor them so that they could not communicate with the Xiongnu.After that, the Wuhuan tribe gradually became stronger.This year (the first seven or eight years), they attacked the Han Dynasty. It turned out that more than 3,000 cavalry from the Huns Khanate invaded Wuyuan County (Baotou City, Inner Mongolia), killing thousands of people.Then the Xiongnu regiment of tens of thousands of people moved along the northern frontier of the Han Dynasty, and at the same time attacked the forts and pavilions built by the Han Dynasty outside the frontier fortress, threatening the officials and the people.At that time, the beacon towers in the border counties of the Han Dynasty were one after another, and they were heavily guarded.Every time the Xiongnu invaded, it was difficult to gain anything, so there were few military operations for several years.The Huns who surrendered to the Han Dynasty told the officials of the Han Dynasty that the Wuhuan tribe often excavated the tombs of the ancestors of the Xiongnu Khanate Shanyu. lesson. Huo Guang planned to use a large army to attack the Xiongnu, and asked Zhao Chongguo, the director of protection of the army (the captain of the guard).Zhao Chongguo thought: Wuhuan often invaded the frontier, and now the Huns want to attack it, which is beneficial to our country.Moreover, the Xiongnu seldom invaded the south. The two countries have always been in a state of peace.Not good strategy.Huo Guang asked Fan Mingyou, the commander of the royal guard (General Zhonglang), who believed that the Han Dynasty should respond. Therefore, Fan Mingyou was appointed as General Du Liao (at this time he was still a miscellaneous general, and he was revoked immediately after the military operation. It was not changed to a permanent official until the Eastern Han Dynasty in 1965), with a rate of 20,000 people, from Liaodong County. (Liaoyang City, Liaoning Province) out of the fortress.When the Xiongnu got the news of the Han Dynasty sending troops, they withdrew immediately. When Fan Mingyou set off, Huo Guang warned him: the army can't return empty-handed, if it can't attack the Xiongnu, then attack Wuhuan.The unlucky Wuhuan tribe, who had just been traumatized by the Huns, was cleaning up the mess when the Han Dynasty Corps suddenly launched another attack, and they were in a panic.Fan Mingyou beheaded more than 6,000 people and took the heads of three great kings (chiefs). The Huns were terrified, but they could no longer send out large troops. 1. In spring, on the second day of the first lunar month, Liu Fuling (eighteen years old this year), the emperor of the Western Han Dynasty (capital Chang'an) (eighth Emperor Zhao), performed the coronation ceremony. 2. Jiaxu day of the first month (Bingxushuo of the first month, there is no Jiaxu. "Hanshu·Baiguangongqingbiao" records that Wang succeeds as prime minister on February 11th, so Tian Qianqiu's death must be before, suspected to be in "Jiawu ”), Prime Minister Fuminhou (Dinghou) Tian Qianqiu passed away.At that time, the central government was under the control of Huo Guang, the supreme commander (general) of the country. Although Tian Qianqiu was in the high position of the prime minister (prime minister), he did not dare to ask more about political affairs, and was cautious, just to keep himself safe. 3. In summer, on the day of Ding Chou in May (Jiashen Shuo in May, there is no Ding Chou), the main hall of the Fifth Emperor Liu Heng Temple (Xiaowen Temple) caught fire.Liu Fuling and senior officials all changed into plain clothes; the project director (who will be a master, two thousand stones) personally led the five labor camps (five schools: right school, left school, front school, back school, and middle school) Prisoners who belonged to hard labor were rushed to repair and rebuild, and the work was completed in six days.Minister of Sacrifice (Taichang), Temple Management Officer (Temple Order), Secretary (Cheng), Administrator (Lang), and Employees (Officials), all were impeached for the crime of "disrespect" (killing the whole family).Fortunately, soon, the government pardoned him, sacrificed to Minister Yanghou Jiangde, exempted him from office, seized the title, and demoted him to a commoner. 4. In June, pardon the world (saving the lives of the above-mentioned people). 5. Initially, the State of Mimi (扜, yu, Yutian County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region) sent Prince Laidan to Qiuci State (Kucha County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region) as a hostage.When the Ershi Corps attacked the Dawan Kingdom (the capital of Guishan City) (refer to 102 BC), they brought Lai Dan back to the Han Dynasty.Huo Guang accepted Sang Hongyang's previous suggestion (refer to June 1989), and appointed Lai Dan as the commander (school lieutenant) to lead the Han Dynasty army to Luntai (Luntai County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region) to reclaim wasteland with armed forces.Gu Yi, a nobleman of the Kucha Kingdom, said to the king: "Laidan was originally a subject of our country, but now, wearing the embroidered gold seal issued by the Han Dynasty, he is pressing on our territory and reclaiming wasteland, which will definitely cause harm to us in the future. (The distance between Kucha and Luntai Airlines is 120 kilometers.) The King of Kucha then sent a commando to kill Lai Dan, and then wrote to the Han Dynasty government, requesting a conviction. When the king of Loulan Kingdom (Ruoqiang County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region) passed away, the Xiongnu Khanate got the news first and immediately sent back Angui, the son of King Loulan who was a hostage, and Angui succeeded to the throne.The Han Dynasty sent envoys to Loulan to read out the imperial edict of Emperor Liu Fuling, ordering the new king, Angui, to meet with him in Chang'an, but Angui refused.Loulan Kingdom is located on the easternmost border of the Western Regions (Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and eastern Central Asia), the closest to the Han Dynasty (the distance between Loulan and Dunhuang Airlines is 550 kilometers), and the Bailongdui Desert (east of Lop Nur, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region) lies in the middle , Lack of water and grass, Loulan Kingdom is often assigned to serve as a guide, not only transporting fresh water, but also transporting grain and grass, constantly welcoming and seeing off the Han Dynasty envoys.The envoys of the Han Dynasty were as violent as bandits, causing them unbearable pain, and they did not want to communicate with the Han Dynasty anymore.Now, coupled with the instigation of the Huns Khanate, they severed diplomatic relations with the Han Dynasty and continued to block and kill Han Dynasty officials.Angui's younger brother, Wei Tuqi, was a hostage in the Han Dynasty. Because he got the news of the old king's death late and could not return to China to inherit the throne, he surrendered to the Han Dynasty and reported the inside story to the Western Han government. At this time, Fu Jiezi, the Junma Manager (Junma Supervisor) of the Ministry of Communications (Private Servant) and a native of Beidi (Maling Town, Northwest of Qingyang County, Gansu Province), was sent as an envoy to the Dawan Kingdom. The Western Han Dynasty government ordered him to interrogate the Loulan Kingdom. The reason why the Kucha Kingdom changed its position.After Fu Jiezi arrived in Loulan and Qiuci, the kings of the two countries both admitted their mistakes.Fu Jiezi came back from the Dawan Kingdom, and then passed through the Kucha Kingdom.I happened to meet the envoy of the Huns who was returning from the Wusun Kingdom (the capital Chigu City) and passing by Kucha.Fu Jiezi led his entourage to launch a surprise attack and killed the Huns' envoys. Fu Jiezi returned to the capital Chang'an to report his order. The Western Han government promoted him to be the Royal Guard Officer (Zhong Lang) and the Ping Le Stable Manager (Ping Le Jian. The bungalow is called "Temple", the building is called "Guan", and Ping Optimism is in the imperial garden. built by Liu Che).Fu Jiezi said to Huo Guang, the supreme commander of the country: "Loulan and Qiuci have repeatedly said that if they are not given a severe punishment, they cannot suppress the countries. When I passed through Qiuci, the king was approachable, undefended, and easy to win. I would like to assassinate him to show the prestige of the country." Huo Guang said, "Kuci is too far away, let's go to Loulan." So he sent him there. Fu Jiezi led the guards, took gold and silver treasures, and declared that he would reward foreign kings.Not long after the good news reached Loulan, Fu Jiezi arrived in Loulan.However, King Angui of Loulan did not trust the envoys of the Han Dynasty and refused to meet them.Fu Jiezi pretended not to mind, and continued to march westward. When he reached the western border, the teaching interpreter told Angui, saying: "The gold silk and satin brought by the envoys of the Han Dynasty are treasures, and they are used to reward the countries in the Western Regions. Your Majesty If you don't come to collect it, the envoys of the Han Dynasty will go to other countries." Show the gold and silver treasures to the interpreter, and the interpreter returns to report to Angui. Angui was very happy when he heard that he could really get the gift of gold and silver treasures, so he went to the west to meet Fu Jiezi.Fu Jiezi entertained with a grand banquet, setting out those dazzling gifts, the cups and plates intertwined, as close as brothers.Finally got drunk, Fu Jiezi whispered: "The emperor has something important to say, tell me to tell the king secretly." An Gui then got up, followed Fu Jiezi to the back tent, turned away the left and right attendants, when he was about to listen, With a signal, the two sharp blades of the two strong men stabbed violently from Angui's back and passed through his chest. The blades clashed clangingly in front of his chest, and Angui died immediately.The attendants and the nobles were startled and fled in all directions.Fu Jiezi came out to appease the public, pointed out that Angui had betrayed the Han Dynasty, and said: "The emperor sent me to execute Angui, and his younger brother Wei Tuqi will inherit the throne. The army of the Han Dynasty is advancing here. If you act rashly, the next step It is the subjugation of the country!" The whole country in Loulan surrendered in horror.Fu Jiezi cut off Angui's head, took a government stagecoach back to Chang'an (the distance between Loulan and Chang'an Airlines is 1,900 kilometers), and hung it under the north gate of Weiyang Palace. The government of the Western Han Dynasty named Wei Tuqi the king of Loulan, changed the name of the country to Shanshan, issued a seal, and found a court lady to be Wei Tuqi's wife (at this time, she was called "Madame", and after she ascended the throne, she became the "queen"). He prepared chariots and horses, and carried a large number of gifts.On the day of Wei Tuqi's departure, the prime minister led all civil and military officials to personally send him to the Hengmen (the first gate at the west end of the northern city) of Chang'an City, and set up a farewell banquet.Wei Tuqi asked Emperor Liu Fuling of the Han Dynasty: "I have been in the Han Dynasty for too long, and now I return to the motherland, and my power is weak. Angui still has a son in the country, and I am afraid that he will be killed by them in revenge. The capital of our country (扜尼城) Nearby, there is Yixun City (70 kilometers northeast of Ruoqiang County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region), with fertile land. I hope that the Han Dynasty will send a general to open up wasteland and cultivate fields there to store grain and fodder. I can also rely on the prestige of the Han Dynasty. Keep safe." The Western Han government agreed to his request and sent a military and political officer (Sima) to lead 40 armed soldiers to Yixun City to stabilize the throne. In autumn, on July 23, Fan Mingyou was granted the title of Marquis of Pingling, and Fu Jiezi was granted the title of Marquis of Yiyang. Sima Guang said: A sage king treats Rong and Di foreigners. If they rebel, they will send troops to conquer them; if they surrender, they will not be held accountable.Now, King Loulan has admitted his mistake, but punished him further. If there are traitors in the future, he will not be able to gain their trust.If you think that King Loulan's crime is too serious, you can't forgive him just by apologizing, and he must be executed, and you should also send out a dignified teacher to announce his guilt.Unexpectedly, an official envoy was sent to lure him into the trap with gold, silver and treasures as bait.In the future, who would dare to believe foreign envoys to the Han Dynasty?Given the power of the Han Dynasty, it is really a shame to use this kind of bandits and thieves to bully foreign countries.Many people even praised Fu Jiezi, thinking that his extraordinary achievements were too much. *Wang Fuzhi said: The only way for people to get along with each other is credibility, benevolence and righteousness.The fulfillment of credibility, benevolence and righteousness is only useful when people get along with each other.从没有听说有人对虎狼蜂蛇也讲信誉仁义的。楚王国固是祝融的后裔（祝融，据说是黄帝王朝三任帝姬颛顼的儿子，被后世称为火神），而且由周王朝初叶君王分封爵位（子爵）。宋国国君（襄公）子滋甫尊奉信誉仁义，跟他们结盟，更严守信誉仁义，跟楚王国作战，结果军事失败，身受重伤，为中国带来羞辱。对楚王国这种人，还不能跟他们讲信守义，何况其他那些跟野蛮民族混在一起而又螫人咬人之徒。 楼兰王表面归顺中国，暗地里却充当匈奴的间谍，傅介子执行皇帝诏书，加以诘责，楼兰王也承认他的罪行。问题是，野蛮民族根本不知道什么是羞耻，所以他们也不在乎来一个当面屈膝。不久，匈奴汗国的使节，就又到了楼兰。中国如果信任他的归顺，而推诚相待，必然受他的诈欺。如果因怀疑他的归顺是假的，而出动大军讨伐，既劳师动众于千里绝域，使中国疲惫；而楼兰势将要求匈奴援助，合力抵抗，中国军队受到挫折，不得不屯兵在坚城之下。这就是宋国国君子滋甫泓水之战的覆辙。 傅介子计诱楼兰王，斩下人头，威力所及，夺取他们的魂魄，使匈奴胆寒，是何等的伟大勋业！因之，我认为，对于野蛮民族，诛杀他们的生命，不能称之为不仁；夺取他们的财物，不能称之为不义；用阴谋诡计引诱他们，不能称之为不信。Why?只因为信义这种高贵的行为，是人跟人相处之道，不是跟“非人”的野蛮人相处之道。 Bo Yang said: 霍光跟傅介子共同策划的这项对外国君王的谋杀行动，是中国外交史上最卑鄙、最无耻的下流行为之一。司马光已从道德、法理、政治三方面，发出严正的抨击。然而，王夫之在他的《读通鉴论》中，却狠狠掴了司马光一个耳光，认为司马光的主张，不切实际。 王夫之对人类用的是二分法，一类是“人”，一类是“非人”。中国人——而且是狭义的中原人，连楚王国都排斥在外，是“人”；而其他芸芸众生，全是“非人”。仁义道德是中原人的专利，只可以专门对内使用，对外就要发挥兽性，肆意诈欺残忍，无所不用其极。听起来好像是希特勒在那里发表讲演，使人发抖。王夫之不过一个平庸的知识分子，如果他掌握大权，制造出来的灾难，不但超过纳粹，恐怕更超过五人帮。纳粹也是二分法，雅利安人是“人”，犹太人是“非人”。用最僵硬的公式强加到万物之上的人，头脑一定简单，性情一定残暴。 文化人为了加强论据，而故意曲解历史，跟政客们为了达到政治目的，而故意曲解历史，同样使人浩叹。宋国国君子滋甫之不断的栽到楚王国之手，跟信义无关。子滋甫用诈术跟楚王国结盟，想利用楚王国的威望使自己成为霸主，被识破诡计，丢人砸锅。不是失败于他有信义，而是失败于他智商太低，竟企图狐假虎威。 一口咬定看着不顺眼人是“非人”，这是为强梁世界制造屠杀的理论根据。西域本是和平的国土，匈奴跟中国先后闯入，带给他们厄运。王夫之活像一个地痞流氓，认为只要有一把枪在手，你就应该乖乖听话。楼兰的国格跟中国相等，为了谋求国家的生存，不能不委曲求全。为什么非效忠中国不可？春秋时代，郑国位居中原，不得不同时对晋楚两面讨好，谁强大，就服谁。楼兰王曾向中国哀告，说明他们受不了两大强国的压迫，要求取消独立，举国内迁，是西汉政府不许。中国还打不过匈奴，有什么理由和颜面，要小国寡民的楼兰跟匈奴对抗？儒家系统以“恕道”自吹自擂，一旦遇到弱小，“恕道”可就没有了。“恕道”遂成了专门乞求强梁手下留情时用的符咒，对弱小连一星点也不肯施舍。然而，最可怕的还是王夫之的断语，对于“非人”，“诛杀他们的性命不为不仁，夺取他们的财产不为不义，欺骗他们跳入圈套不为不信”。这种褊狭的胸襟，孕育不出崇高的人道精神。 谈到胸襟——健康的心灵和健康的包容，可以在司马迁身上找到。中国文化像一条澎湃壮观的大河，自从罢黜百家，独尊儒术以来，这条大河开始一渣一汁的沉淀，千百年下来，由于沉淀太多，而停滞、而腐朽、而缺氧，而终于成为一个庞大的酱缸。中国人的视界、担当、气魄以及高贵的情操，逐渐萎缩，像渡过淮河的橘子变成的枳子一样，司马光已被酱得不能望司马迁的项背，王夫之更像一条虫蛆，不能望司马光的项背。 1、夏季，大旱。 2、秋季，西汉王朝（首都长安）撤销象郡（广西壮族自治区崇左县），所属各县分别划入郁林郡（广西壮族自治区桂平县）、牂柯郡（贵州省福泉县）。 3、冬季，十一月，天际响雷。 4、十二月六日，宰相、宜春侯（敬侯）王䜣逝世。 1、春季，正月，西汉政府（首都长安）招募各郡、各封国青年，前往辽东郡（辽宁省辽阳市）筑玄菟郡城（辽宁省新宾县）。 2、夏季，赦天下。 3、乌桓部落（内蒙古西辽河上游）再攻击北方沿边要塞，西汉政府命度辽将军范明友出兵迎战。 4、冬季，十一月二十七日，任命杨敞当宰相（丞相）；擢升宫廷供应部长（少府）、河内（河南省武陟县）人蔡义当最高监察长（御史大夫）。 1、春季，二月，西汉王朝（首都长安）皇帝（八任昭帝）刘弗陵（本年二十一岁）下诏：人头税减收百分之三十。（西汉王朝初年，国民七岁到十四岁，每人每年向皇帝缴纳人头税二十钱。刘彻时，增加三钱，作为宫廷费用特别捐。本年减收百分之三十，人头税减为每年十六钱。） 2、夏季，四月十七日，刘弗陵在未央宫逝世，没有儿子。 当时，前任帝刘彻（七任武帝）现存的儿子中，广陵王（首府广陵）刘胥，年龄最长。全国最高统帅（大将军）霍光跟高官会议，磋商物色新皇帝人选时，都主张刘胥应该继承。可是，刘胥乖张荒唐，刘彻最不喜欢他（到目前为止，刘胥还没有大恶，《汉书》仅说他喜爱淫荡闲逛，力大如牛，可以举鼎；有一次，空手斗熊，被熊爪击伤胸部，几乎死掉），霍光一时不敢确定。 一位宫廷禁卫官（郎）上书说：“周王朝始祖姬亶父（太王），贬逐他的长子姬太伯（吴王国始祖），而指定姬太伯的弟弟姬季历（王季）当继承人。周王朝创业酋长姬昌（文王），舍弃长子姬邑考，而立姬邑考的弟弟姬发（一任武王）当继承人。（事实上，不是姬昌舍弃姬邑考，而是姬邑考早死。）只要适合当君王，即令废长立幼，照样可以。刘胥不可以继位。” 这份奏章深合霍光的意思，霍光把它拿给宰相杨敞等传阅，而且擢升该禁卫官当九江郡（安徽省寿县）郡长（太守）。立即由上官皇后颁发诏书，派遣兼代藩属事务部长（行大鸿胪事）的宫廷供应部长（少府）史乐成、皇族事务部长（宗正）刘德、特级国务官（光禄大夫）丙吉、皇家警卫指挥官（中郎将）利汉，迎接昌邑王（首府昌邑）刘贺，乘坐七辆政府驿马车（驿马车，古文称“传”。分为三等，高等四匹健马称“置传”，中等四匹中马称“驰传”，末等四匹普通马称“乘传”），先到设在首都长安的昌邑国宾馆（五任帝刘恒从代国入京继位，也是先到代国宾馆。参考前一八〇年）。霍光把经过情形，报告他的外孙女、十五岁的上官皇后。调派右将军张安世当车骑将军。 3、刘贺，是昌邑（哀）王刘髆（参考前九七年）的儿子（刘髆的娘亲就是著名的李夫人），七任帝刘彻的孙儿。在他的封国里，狂暴放荡，行动没有节制。祖父刘彻逝世后，依规定应该守丧志哀，可是他却照常打猎。曾经出游方与（山东省鱼台县），不到半天时间，就骑马奔驰二百里。首府昌邑警备区司令（中尉）、琅邪（山东省诸城市）人王吉，上书规劝说： “大王不喜爱读书，却喜爱安逸游乐。一手抓住车前横木，一手紧提衔勒马口的缰绳，奔腾驰骋，大声吆喝。既要驾车，又要拿鞭。而车辆颠簸，连休息也不能安静，反而更增劳苦。早上冒着严霜寒露，白昼冒着风沙尘土。夏天受到暴烈太阳的烤晒，冬天又被刺骨酷寒侵袭。大王以金枝玉叶软弱的玉体，去寻求这些痛苦疲劳的熬煎，绝对不是保全寿命的方法，更不能用以促进高尚的品德。 “我愿提醒大王，在广大的殿堂之下，细软的毛毯之上，接受博学多才的教师指导，或背诵、或研习、或讨论。上自伊祁放勋、姚重华的盛世，下到商王朝、周王朝的兴隆。考察圣明君王的风范，学习治国理家的道理。内心充满愉悦，发愤忘食，自己的品德每天都在提升，这种快乐，岂是马背上奔驰所能得到的？ “平常日子，大王可以做一种温和的伸屈运动，保持身体健康。用普通速度的散步或慢跑，使双腿的筋肉结实。常做深长的呼吸，锻炼内脏。专心诚意，不胡思乱想，使精神得以集中。用这种方法养生，岂不是长远之计！ “大王如果能留意这些事情，心里有伊祁放勋、姚重华的志向，而又有王子乔（姬晋）、赤松子（二人都是传说中的神仙）的寿命。美好的声誉，传播远近，自会上达天庭，更大的幸福和更大的前程，将同时降临，国家也跟着安如泰山。 “现任皇上（刘弗陵）至仁至圣，对于圣明君王先圣先贤，毫不懈怠的思慕追求。对于宫殿、花园、池塘的兴建，犬马的娱乐，都不喜爱。大王更应夜以继日，思念不忘，对自己严加督责，不要使圣明的君王失望。在所有的亲王之中，大王跟皇上的血缘最近（刘贺是刘弗陵的侄儿），大王虽不是皇上的儿子，但辈分上却跟儿子一样（兄弟的儿子称“犹子”，意思是“也就是儿子”）。在政府系统，你的身份是臣僚，一身而兼两项角色，可知责任的重大。你的爱心和义行，只要有一点细微的瑕疵，被人报告中央政府，都不是国家之福。” 刘贺阅读报告之后，下令说：“我的行为，不能说没有过失，首府昌邑警备区司令一片忠心，屡屡的辅导我走上正轨，特派皇家礼宾官（谒者）千秋（姓不详），赏赐首府昌邑警备区司令牛肉五百斤、酒五石（音dan）、干肉五包。”然而，刘贺的行为依然如故。 4、昌邑国王宫禁卫官司令（郎中令）、山阳（山阳郡郡政府亦设昌邑）人龚遂，忠厚刚毅，做人做事，一向坚持基本原则，对内不断规劝刘贺，对外不断要求封国宰相跟国王师傅加强辅导。常常引用儒家经典里的话，向刘贺分析祸福，有时甚至流泪泣涕。忠贞正直，总是当面指出刘贺的过失，以致刘贺大不耐烦，每次都掩住耳朵逃掉，说：“这家伙专门揭人疮疤！”刘贺喜爱跟他的侍从或奴仆以及厨房厨师之流，挤在一起大吃大喝，做各种游戏，赏赐没有限度。龚遂晋见刘贺，屈身下跪，用双膝走到刘贺面前，流泪哭泣，感动得左右也都下泪。刘贺说：“你哭什么？”龚遂说：“我悲痛封国就要覆亡，请赐给我单独向你报告的机会。”刘贺命他的左右侍从，全部退出。龚遂说：“大王，你可知道胶西王（首府高密）刘卬（音ang）所以身死国灭的原因？”（刘卬因参加七国之乱自杀，参考前一五四年。）刘贺说：“不知道。”龚遂说：“据我了解，刘卬的重要大臣侯得，是一位马屁精，刘卬做出来明明是姒履癸（桀）、子受辛（纣）的暴行，侯得却有方法证明刘卬简直就是伊祁放勋（尧）跟姚重华（舜）。刘卬对他的谄媚阿谀，浑身都感到舒服，所以经常邀他同一个寝室，高谈阔论，言听计从，终于不可收拾。而今，大王亲近的全是摇尾分子，已经开始引导你走上邪恶，这正是成败存亡的关键，不可不特别慎重。我准备在王宫禁卫官中，遴选通晓儒家经典而行为端正的人士，作大王左右，伴陪你日常起居生活。坐的时候，阅读书籍；站的时候，举止合乎礼节，对大王定有裨益。”刘贺满口答应。龚遂就遴选王宫禁卫官张安等十人，侍奉刘贺。可是，几天之后，刘贺不能忍受，把张安等全都赶走，仍换用原班人马。龚遂无可奈何。 有一天，刘贺忽然看见一只白颜色的巨犬，脖子以下却是人身，戴着“方山冠”（一种舞台上演员戴的帽子，前高七寸，后高三寸，长八寸。使人想到中世纪拿破仑时代将领们的那种船形的军帽），却没有尾巴，着实吓了一跳，就问龚遂，龚遂说：“这是上天的警告，显示你的左右亲信，都是戴着人帽的狗。赶走他们就能保全自己，不赶走他们，一定灭亡。”刘贺一笑置之，可是不久他又忽然听到一个声音，叫说：“熊！”果然看见一只大熊，又刹那间无影无踪，但左右侍从却没有一人看见。刘贺再问龚遂，龚遂说：“熊，是一种山林里的野兽，竟然突入王宫，而又只有大王独自瞧见，这是上天第二次警告，恐怕王宫将要变成空屋，危亡在即。”刘贺仰天长叹，说：“这些不祥的兆头，为什么来个没完？”龚遂叩头说：”我的忠心使我不敢隐瞒真相，明知道提及这些不祥的征兆，大王会不高兴。然而，存亡成败，岂在于我说不说？敬愿大王诚心检讨。三百篇，说得明白，人事恰当，圣明君王的道路，自然呈现。大王所作所为，符合哪一首诗篇？大王身为亲王，行为比一个普通平民还不如。用来保持平安，恐怕很难。而用来招灾惹祸，却绰绰有余，请深切思量。”后来，又发生怪事，刘贺的王座上，忽然有一摊污血。刘贺再问龚遂，龚遂大声号叫说：“王宫的毁灭，就在眼前，妖异不断来临。血，象征黑暗中的凶险，我们要畏惧，要从内心觉悟，痛改前非。”然而，刘贺毫不在意。 5、而就在这时候，刘弗陵逝世。上官皇后征召刘贺入继大统的诏书颁到。当诏书抵达时，正值初夜，王宫燃起火烛，就在火烛下拆封。这是天大的喜事，全宫欢腾。第二天中午，刘贺出发。傍晚，抵达定陶（济阴郡郡政府所在县），已奔驰一百三十五里（每小时奔驰二十二里），侍从人员的马匹，相继累死，沿途全是马匹尸体。 王吉写了一份备忘录给刘贺，说：“我听说：'子武丁（商王朝二十三任帝高宗）守丧期间，三年不说话。'而今，大王因叔父（刘弗陵）逝世，接受征召，应该日夜哭泣，深表悲哀，千万不可发号施令。全国最高统帅（霍光）待人仁爱，而又智勇双全，忠实诚信，天下无人不知，侍奉孝武皇帝（刘彻）二十余年，没有任何过失。后来先帝（刘彻）抛弃群臣，离开人间，把国家和政府以及幼弱孤儿（刘弗陵），全部托付给他。最高统帅保护尚在襁褓之中的幼君，推动政令，四海平安。纵然姬旦、伊尹，都不能超过。现在，皇上（刘弗陵）逝世，没有儿子，最高统帅考虑到帝位的继承人，才决定迎接大王，他的仁爱之心和宽厚的胸襟，岂有限量？我愿大王依靠他、尊敬他，把政府交给他。大王只面向南方高坐，垂听他的禀告就够了。请赐予留意，考虑这项建议。” 刘贺再一笑置之。到了济阳（河南省兰考县东北堌阳镇），下令地方政府呈献长鸣鸡（范成大考证：长鸣鸡产自南诏，终日啼鸣，跟普通鸡不同，十分宝贵，一鸡值银一两），又下令购买“积竹杖”（很多竹子合做的手杖）。到了弘农郡（河南省灵宝县东北），命奴隶总管（大奴）善（姓不详），把不知道哪里弄来的美女，藏在行李车上。到了湖县（河南省灵宝县西），被中央政府迎驾的使节（史乐成等）发觉，责备昌邑国（首府昌邑）宰相安乐。安乐不敢做主，转告龚遂。龚遂质问刘贺，刘贺发誓说：“没有这回事。”龚遂说：“既然没有这回事，为什么要包庇一个奴隶总管，破坏礼教？请准予给他处分，维持大王的形象。”立即把善捽（音zuo）下，由侍卫长格杀。 最后，刘贺抵达霸上（陕西省西安市东灞河畔），藩属事务部长（大鸿胪）亲自到郊外迎接。换乘皇帝御用车队，刘贺命昌邑国交通官（太仆）驾车，王宫禁卫官司令龚遂陪同。将到广明亭、东都门（长安城东城北面第一门，称宣平门，其外郭称东都门；广明亭在东都门外），龚遂说：“按着规矩，奔丧而来，看见首都，便要哭泣。现在，我们已到了长安外郭。”（正式城门外，还有一个副城门，称“郭门”，是一种军事上的防御措施，敌人将受到两层城门的阻挠。）刘贺说：“我的喉咙痛，哭不出来。”到了城门，龚遂再提醒他，刘贺说：“城门跟郭门还不是一样，且等到未央宫东门。”龚遂说：“昌邑国的丧帐，设在宫门外御用大道（驰道）之北，丧帐前有一条南北小路，马不过再走几步。大王最好下车步行，面向西方，伏拜在地，痛哭悲哀，然后止哭。”刘贺说：“这个我办得到。”走到灵堂之前，哭拜尽礼。 六月一日，刘贺接受皇帝玉玺，登基继位（九任帝），尊上官皇后为皇太后。（上官女士本年十五岁，初级中学女孩年龄，应是世界上最年轻的皇太后之一。） 6、六月七日，把刘弗陵安葬平陵（陕西省咸阳市西平陵乡南。刘弗陵自死到葬，凡五十日）。 7、刘贺当皇帝，比当亲王时更淫乱荒唐。昌邑国的官吏和雇员，都被诏书征调到首都长安，有的还立即擢升高官。原任封国宰相的安乐，被任命当长乐宫保安官（长乐卫尉。长乐宫是皇太后住的地方）。龚遂已看到危机，遇见安乐时，流泪劝告，说：“大王被拥戴