Chapter 38 7. Court struggle
The struggle to seize power within the central government of the Western Han Dynasty became increasingly fierce, with strife, frame-up, and massacres in chaos.However, the external combat power remained strong, and continued to fight to the death with the Huns, but the Huns finally weakened before the Han Dynasty and split into two: the Southern Huns Khanate surrendered to the Han Dynasty, the Northern Huns Khanate fled to Central Asia, and the Han Dynasty went on an expedition The army pursued, and the commander Chen Tang declared: "Anyone who dares to offend the Han Dynasty will be punished no matter how far he escapes."
1. In spring, the first month, Liu Che (seventh emperor) Liu Che (67 years old) of the Western Han Dynasty (capital Chang’an) went to Yong County (Fengxiang County, Shaanxi Province), Anding County (Guyuan County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region), Beidi County (Maling Town, northwest of Qingyang County, Gansu Province).
2. The Huns Khanate (the royal court is located in Harhelin City, Mongolia) attacked Wuyuan County (Baotou City, Inner Mongolia) and Jiuquan County (Jiuquan City, Gansu Province), beheading two militia commanders (duwei).
In March, Liu Che ordered Li Guangli, the general of the second division, to lead 70,000 people out of Wuyuan County; Hou Shangqiucheng, a duo, led 20,000 people out of Xihe County (southwest of Zhungeer Banner, Inner Mongolia); , led 40,000 cavalry from Jiuquan County to attack the Xiongnu.
3. In summer, in May, forgive the world.
4. The Xiongnu Khanate received information about the massive attack by the Han army, fortified the walls and cleared the fields, and moved all the grain and fodder to the north to Zhijushui (now the Selenge River flows west of Kyaktu City, Mongolia, and flows into Lake Baikal. Zhi, sound zhi) to the north.King Zuo Xian brought all the tribes in the east to the Douxian Mountain (now the present-day city) six to seven hundred miles north of the Shewu River (Tula River, originating from Mount Kent, flowing through the south of Ulaanbaatar City, and pouring into the Orkhon River). unknown).Shanyu (tenth term) Hu Lugu personally commanded the elite corps to cross the temporary water (Tuyin River. Flowing to the south of Checherleg City, Mongolia).The Shangqiu corps advanced to the fork in the road, but the enemy was not seen.The Xiongnu Khanate dispatched a general to cooperate with Li Ling, led more than 30,000 cavalry, followed and pursued, and moved to Punushui (Wengjin River. Flowing to the southeast of Checherleg City in Mongolia), and retreated only if they could not succeed.
When the Ma Tong Corps arrived at Tianshan (northeast of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region), the Xiongnu General Yanqu led more than 20,000 cavalry to intercept it, but found that the Han army was strong, so they did not dare to launch and retreated; the Ma Tong Corps suffered no losses.
At that time, the government of the Western Han Dynasty was afraid that Cheshiguo (Turpan City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region) would attack the Matong Corps, and ordered Kailinghou Chengyu to lead Loulan (Ruoqiang County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region), Weili (Bohu County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region), and Wei Xu (Heshuo County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region) and other six-nation coalition forces surrounded Che Shi first, captured Che Shi Wang and returned with the residents of the whole country.
The Second Division Corps went out of Wuyuan County, and the Xiongnu ordered the commander of the Western Military Region (the right captain) to join with Wei Lv and lead more than 5,000 cavalry to attack at Fuyangju Mountain (Shangde Mountain, southwest of Dalan Zadagad City in southern Mongolia) , the Ershi Corps defeated it, and pursued it to the city of Mrs. Fan (in Fuyangju Mountain. Mrs. Fan's husband was a Chinese general who built the city there, and died during the construction. Mrs. Fan led the military project, continued, and finally completed it. Writers did not describe the tragic deeds of Chinese women in poetry, so they did not pass them on. In the first century BC, there were only remnants. Now it has been two thousand years, and I am afraid that the remnants will no longer exist).The Xiongnu retreated further north, not daring to resist.
5. At the beginning, Li Guangli set off with his army, and the Prime Minister (Prime Minister) Liu Quyu (sound mao) went on a farewell trip and sent them to Weiqiao (the Weishui Bridge in the north of Chang'an City).Li Guangli said: "I hope you will ask Changyi King (capital Changyi) Liu Hu (sound bo) to be the crown prince earlier. If Liu Bi can succeed the emperor, you will have no worries in the future!" Liu Quyao promised.Liu Wei is the son of Li Guangli's younger sister, Mrs. Li, and Li Guangli's daughter is also Liu Quyu's daughter-in-law, so they both have this wish at the same time.
6. The horror of witchcraft is still at its peak, and the whistleblowers will be rewarded.At this time, Guo Rang, the internal affairs officer (Internal Order) of the Palace Supply Department (Shaofu), reported: "The prime minister's wife cursed the emperor, and prayed to the gods with Li Guangli, and planned to support Liu Wei to sit on the throne." Liu Che An investigation was ordered, and if there was something true, he was convicted of "great rebellion" (great rebellion is a terrible crime, the whole family of the light ones, and the whole family of the serious ones, will be executed).
In June, Liu Quyao was arrested, tied to a kitchen cart transporting pigs and sheep, paraded through the streets of Chang'an City, dragged to the streets of Dongcheng City, dragged down and cut in half.The prime minister's wife was taken to the bustling Huayang Street (Huayang Street is one of Chang'an Eighth Streets) and beheaded.Then arrested Li Guangli's wife and family members.
Li Guangli received the report on the battlefield thousands of miles away, worried and terrified, and at a loss. A secretary (掾) Hu Yafu, who joined the army in order to escape, suggested to him: "Your wife and the whole family, old and young, are all detained in prison. The situation is obvious. If you go back, you will not be the emperor. Enter the cage. At that time, north of Zhijushui, how can we see you again?" (Implying that you will be killed after returning, and it is impossible to return to Zhijushui to surrender to the Huns.)
Although Li Guangli was a little tempted, he still hoped to go deeper into the heart of the Hun Khanate, win a brilliant victory and make meritorious deeds, so Liu Che might spare him.So they advanced to the Zhiju River, and the Xiongnu's luggage and army had already crossed the Zhiju River and continued to retreat northward.Li Guangli ordered the army protection officer (protector) to lead 20,000 cavalry to cross the Zhijushui River, and encountered the 20,000 cavalry of King Zuo Xian of the Huns Khanate and Commander of the Eastern Corps (Left General). After a bloody battle for one day, the commander of the Eastern Corps was killed and injured. very heavy.This is a favorable situation, but the secretary-general (unknown name) discussed with the Juesui militia commander (Juesui Duwei. Sui, sound sui) Huiqu Hou Lei Dian (Hun descendant) and said: "General Li has two minds, but If you want to put us in a dangerous place in order to establish your own achievements, I am afraid you will definitely fail." Attempt to arrest Li Guangli and take him back to Chang'an.When Li Guangli got the news, he knew that the morale of the army had been shaken and he could no longer advance northward, so he immediately killed the Secretary-General (Chang Shi) and led the army division.
The army retreated to Yanran Mountain (Hangai Mountain in Mongolia). The Xiongnu Shanyu Suoda Fox Lugu found that the Han army was tired and chaotic, and they were of different shapes, so he personally commanded 50,000 cavalry to block it. The troops on both sides suffered heavy casualties.At night, the Xiongnu bypassed the Han army, dug trenches on the way back, several feet deep, and then launched a fierce attack from behind. The Han army was defeated and dispersed.Li Guangli was desperate and surrendered to the Huns.Hu Lugu, who had always heard of Li Guangli's reputation, couldn't help being overjoyed, married his daughter to him, and respected his status, above Wei Lu.
Liu Che ordered the execution of Li Guangli's family.
Bo Yang said:
In Liu Che's later years, "Witch Gu" became an extremely sensitive political fang, and when he encountered it, he died immediately, and the whole family died.Now that bad luck has caught Li Guangli, he cannot escape.
The only hope is to make great achievements on the battlefield, but the news has been revealed that a commander who will be executed immediately no longer has prestige and cannot make effective attacks; the secretary-general's reaction is reasonable.Li Guangli should block the news, so that the morale of the army will not be disturbed, and then they will have the ability to attack.However, he relies on his nepotism to hold power. Under normal circumstances, he is more than capable of showing off his might, but once he becomes elbow-armpit, he is helpless.This requires arbitrariness, and once discussed with others, it is difficult to keep it out.And obviously, he didn't make friends with dead soldiers, but only relied on the ordinary military order system.This is also the reason why Liu Che still dared to attack him while leading an army under his body.
However, even if he made extraordinary achievements and even captured Shan Yu alive, we don't think Liu Che would spare him his life.Defeating the enemy's country and capturing the enemy's chieftain is only a contribution to the country.In "Witch Gu", it is the emperor's life that is threatened.In comparison, one's own life is important, and what is the country?The tragedy is doomed and irreversible.
7. In autumn, locust plagues.
In August and September, Gongsun Yong, the magistrate (order) of Guchengfu (Southeast Chengfu Township, Haozhou City, Anhui Province), conspired against Hu Qian and others.Hu Qian claimed that he was a special state official (Doctor Guanglu) and was ordered to arrest the thieves.Tian Guangming, the magistrate (prefect) of Huaiyang County (Huaiyang County, Henan Province), discovered the fraud, arrested Hu Qian and beheaded him.Wearing the embroidered clothes unique to martial law officials, Gongsun Yong took a four-horse horse-drawn cart to Yuxian County (Yu Town, southwest of Qixian County, Henan Province). , beheaded.
Liu Che granted Wei Buhai and other four Marquises (Wei Buhai was granted the title of Marquis of Dangtu, Jiang De was granted the title of Marquis of Yuyang, Su Chang was granted the title of Marquis of Pu, and another clerk in Yu County was granted the title of Marquis of Guannei).
9. Folk witchcraft incidents continue to occur, accusing each other, and the results of the investigation are almost all false accusations.And Liu Che also gradually understood the mood of the prince Liu Shi: he overreacted because of excessive fear, and had no intention of resisting his father.
At this time, Tian Qianqiu, the guard of Liu Bang's sacrifice to the temple (Gao Shulang), presented an urgent memorial to avenge Liu Ju, saying: "The son mobilized his father's army without authorization, but he should be whipped. The son of the emperor killed someone by mistake. What crime should I be? Is it life? In my dream, I dreamed of an old man with white hair who taught me to make this report." Liu Che was completely awakened and was very moved. He summoned Tian Qianqiu and told him: "Between father and son, it is difficult for outsiders to Interrupted, but Mr. clarified the reasoning alone. This is my ancestor Emperor Gao (Liu Bang) entrusted him with a dream, and asked him to teach me, and Mr. should be my assistant minister." Immediately appoint Tian Qianqiu as the minister of vassal affairs (Da Honglu) .He ordered Jiang Manchu's family to be executed.Su Wen was arrested, tied to Hengqiao (the first gate at the west end of Chang'an North City, called Hengmen, and the bridge outside Hengmen, called Hengqiao), and burned alive.And arrested the person who injured Liu Ju with weapons in Quanjiuli, Hu County (west of Lingbao County, Henan Province)—the person who later served as the county chief of Beidi County (Maling Town, northwest of Qingyang County, Gansu Province) was executed. family. (The name of this person is unknown. Some people speculate that it is Li Shou, but Li Shou has never been the governor of Beidi. Anyway, no matter who it is, his entire family was slaughtered because he carried out the emperor's order. It can be seen that serving a man with unlimited Powerful and volatile boss, disaster.)
Liu Che felt sorry for the injustice of the prince Liu Ju, so he built the womb of Si in Hu County and the Taiwan of Wang Si when he returned from the building.People all over the world feel sad.
Bo Yang said:
Liu Che's mourning for Liu Shi is a natural feeling between father and son, which proves that his conscience has not been completely wiped out.But since I have regretted it and miss my son, why don't I miss my great-grandson?The great-grandson is also a flesh and blood, but he is still imprisoned in the dark prison (refer to June 1974), why not release him and stay with him?Not only is this not the case, but it also ordered that all prisoners involved in the "witchcraft" case in the prison, regardless of guilt or innocence, regardless of whether they were convicted or not, should be executed.If it wasn't for Bing Ji, a chivalrous man who doesn't know how to protect himself, who obstructed him, the little baby would have been cut to pieces.Liu Chezhi built the womb of thinking and returned to Taiwan, but it was just a stage show, showing that he was not an evil father to confuse the eyes and ears of the world.
1. In spring, the first month, Liu Che (seventh emperor) of the Western Han Dynasty (the capital of Chang’an) went to the seaside of Donglai County (Laizhou City, Shandong Province) to look for gods on the sea.The officials who followed tried their best to dissuade him, but Liu Che refused to accept it and ordered preparations.However, the weather suddenly turned bad, the wind was violent, the sky was dark, and the sea roared like boiling.Liu Che waited for more than ten days, but the special huge boat could not sail, so he had to turn back.
2. On February 3rd, Yong County (Fengxiang County, Shaanxi Province) was sunny and cloudless. There were three thunderclaps suddenly, and two meteorites fell. The meteorites were as black as lacquer.
3. In March, Liu Che personally pushed the plow three times in the field of Juding (north of Guangrao County, Shandong Province), expressing his importance to farming.On the way home, we passed through Mount Tai, adding earth to the altar and offering sacrifices to the gods (seals).
On March 26, Liu Che offered sacrifices to his ancestors in the Royal Great Hall (Ming Hall).
On March 29, Liu Che offered sacrifices to the God of Earth (Zen) at Shilu Mountain (southern foot of Mount Tai) and received senior central and local officials.Liu Che said: "Since I came to the throne, many things I have done are ridiculous and crazy. They have caused the compatriots of the whole country to suffer, and it is too late to regret. From today, all decrees that harm the people and projects that waste the national treasury will be stopped." Minister of Affairs (Da Honglu) Tian Qianqiu said: "Mages (alchemists) talk a lot about immortals, but they have no obvious deeds. Please dismiss them all." Liu Che said: "Minister Tian's words are too correct." All the envoys who were waiting for the gods scattered in various famous mountains and ancient temples were dismissed.After that, Liu Che often sighed to his officials: "I used to be like a fool, deceived by magicians. How can there be gods in the world? It's all nonsense! Eat abstinently, take medicine, and at most you will feel less sick."
4. In summer, in June, Liu Che returned to Beijing (capital Chang'an) and went to Ganquan (northwest of Chunhua County, Shaanxi Province).
5. On June 25, Tian Qianqiu, minister of vassal affairs, was promoted to prime minister (prime minister) and granted the title of Marquis of Fumin.Tian Qianqiu has no special talent, nor does he have any outstanding family background or achievements, but because of one sentence, Liu Che was awakened, so he rose from a humble position to a high position of prime minister and was promoted to marquis in just a few months (ten months). Never had it in the previous life.However, Tian Qianqiu is honest and wise, so he is more competent and happy in the position of prime minister than some of the prime ministers before him and after him.
6. Prior to this, the food director (Sou Su Duwei) Sang Hongyang, the prime minister (should be Liu Quyao), the chief inspector (probably Shang Qiucheng), jointly signed a report: "Luntai (Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Luntai In the east of the county), there are more than 5,000 hectares of farmland that can be irrigated, and troops should be sent to cultivate the fields, and three commanders (college captains) should be appointed to be responsible for planting a large amount of five grains (wheat, rice, millet, beans, and flax) ). The two counties of Jiuquan (Jiuquan City, Gansu Province) and Zhangye (Zhangye City, Gansu Province) dispatched cavalry acting military and political officials (riding fake Sima) to preside over the reconnaissance work (refer to the previous year 101). Dangerous warriors, go to farm and actively open up wasteland. At the same time, build castles and pavilions, develop westward, strengthen pressure on other countries, and help Wusun Kingdom (capital Chigu City).”
Now, Liu Che is not allowed to refute.He issued an imperial edict expressing his remorse, saying:
"Some time ago, the relevant units made a report, requesting an increase in taxes and an extra 30 yuan per person to strengthen the border defense. This is a heavy burden that aggravates the loneliness of the old and the weak. Now it is also requested to send troops to Luntai for reclamation, I don’t think it should be implemented. Luntai is more than a thousand miles west of Cheshi State (Turpan City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region) (400 kilometers by air). I remember when Kailing Hou Chengyu (Huns) attacked Cheshi (refer to last year ), although they won a complete victory and forced their king to surrender. However, due to the long distance of the road and the shortage of food and grass in the army, thousands of people died on the road, not to mention that Luntai was in the west of Cheshi Kingdom?
"I was confused for a while, and I listened to the report of Hong (unknown surname), the scout officer (junhou) of the frontier fortress. , before leaving, leave a big word: "Han people, I will give you horses! "'The envoys of the Han Dynasty were also detained and refused to be sent back (referring to Su Wu, etc., refer to 100 years ago). That's why the Second Division Corps was sent to maintain the prestige of the envoys of the Han Dynasty.
"In ancient times, a meeting of high-level officials was convened. If important matters could not be decided, they would ask ghosts and gods for instructions—divination. If the divination showed a dangerous image, the action would be suspended. Therefore, the Xiongnu letter tied to the horse , and handed over to the prime minister (Prime Minister), supervisor (censor), ministerial officials (two thousand stones), state officials at all levels (various officials), court guards (Lang), scholars and experts who study Confucian classics (for literature to the garrison commanders of the counties and immigrant areas (the captain of the country. In 121 and 121, the Western Han government set up five "subject countries" outside the frontier fortresses to resettle the surrendered Huns, and still maintain their inherent way of life and Political organization. And only a garrison commander was sent by the Western Han government to govern, the status was lower than the "governor" and higher than the "liaison officer"), and everyone was ordered to circulate and express their opinions. Everyone agreed: "The Xiongnu tied their own horses, which is the biggest It is ominous.’ Some people also think: ‘The Xiongnu exaggerated their horses and soldiers. In fact, they are not enough, but they deliberately show that they have more than enough.’ Some magicians (bus alchemists), astronomers ( Taishi), astrologers (governing the stars), Wangqi experts, and divination officials (Taibu, belonging to the Ministry of Sacrifice) all believed in divination: "Good luck, the Xiongnu must be ruined, and the opportunity cannot be regained." They also think: "The army advances to the north, and it will definitely win a big victory at Geshan (the current location is unknown. Ge, sound fu). The hexagrams show that Li Guangli is the most suitable candidate for the general."
"Therefore, I personally appointed Li Guangli to go all the way to Geshan, and ordered him to stop when he reached Geshan, not to be greedy for merit. Now what? The thing is exactly the opposite of what the ghosts and divinations told us. It coincides with the Xiongnu captured by Hou Matong. The scouts said: "Binding the four feet of the horse is a curse of the Huns to the Han army. The Huns often say: Although the land of the Han Dynasty is vast, the soldiers of the Han Dynasty cannot endure hunger and thirst. In order to capture a wolf, they lost their lives." a thousand sheep.'
"The Second Division Corps collapsed, and the soldiers died and scattered. I am always sad. Now I have to go to the distant Luntai to cultivate fields, dig mountains, dig roads, and build castles. It will definitely cause commotion in the world, isn't it? I can't bear to listen to these measures that benefit the country and love the people. The minister of vassal affairs (probably referring to Dai Ren) and others suggested recruiting death row prisoners, escorting the Huns envoys who were detained in the Han Dynasty back home, and using the Marquis as a reward to teach them to assassinate the Huns. Therefore, even the Five Hegemons (Jiang Xiaobai of Qi State, Ji Chonger of Jin State, Ying Renhao of Qin State, Milu of Chu Kingdom, Wu Guang of Wu Kingdom) would not do this kind of thing. Moreover, the Huns strictly searched the Han people who surrendered in the past. , How can he carry a murder weapon? After severe interrogation, how can he succeed?
"Today's urgent task is to strictly prohibit the tyranny of officials, not to collect taxes without authorization, the whole people must devote their energy to agriculture, and restore the law of 'breeding horses instead of servants' (encouraging private horses) to fill the gap in the loss of war horses, Don’t make the frontier fortress lack of combat readiness, that’s all. Senior officials (more than 2,000 shi) in all counties and feudal states are now starting to study how to train war horses to supplement the urgent needs of the frontier fortress. When submitting the year-end work report, a plan will be proposed together.”
Since then, the Western Han government no longer has military operations.Liu Che made Tian Qianqiu the Marquis of the Rich People, clearly declaring that the whole people should rest and recuperate in peaceful days, which means "thinking about wealth" and "nurturing the people".He also appointed Zhao Guo as the director of grain; Zhao Guo was an agricultural expert who practiced crop rotation (planting different crops in turn on the same piece of land, such as planting wheat this time and soybeans next time), improved plows and hoes, and used more Because it is light and convenient, it is used for popularization, and the farmers spend less effort but gain more, and they are very happy.
Sima Guang said:
Sure enough, the world is not without talents. Liu Che likes to launch military attacks against the barbarians all over the world. The government is full of adventurous people who dare to die.Wait until later, recuperate and pay attention to agricultural production.Zhao Guo and others appeared and taught the farmers to cultivate, and the people benefited a lot.There is a king before and after, and because of the transfer of interests, talents also transfer.If Liu Che has the measure of the three kings (the first emperor of Xia, Si Wenming, the first emperor of Shang, Tianyi, and the first king of Zhou, Jifa), and revive the peace and prosperity of the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties, can it be said that there will be no three dynasties? Auxiliary officer?
Bo Yang said:
Confucianism is crazy about ancient times, and it always puts forward the "three kings" and "three generations", which makes people frightened.In the Xia Dynasty, unprecedented droughts and floods occurred in China, frequent usurpations and murders, and the people were in dire straits.In the Shang Dynasty, the government was driven away by the continuous flooding (the capital was moved six times), and the people were displaced.In the last Zhou Dynasty, half of the time (Eastern Zhou Dynasty) fell into what Meng Ke described: "In the battle for the city, people kill people to fill the city; in the battle for the field, people kill people to fill the field."
The "Three Kings" and "Three Dynasties" are not the worst dynasty in China (the worst dynasty in China is the Ming Dynasty), but they are not the best dynasty in China; there are three best dynasties in China, and they are arranged in chronological order: Western Han Dynasty Dynasty, Tang Dynasty, Qing Dynasty.However, fanaticism can turn people's eyes black, their ears deaf, and their mouths full of sleepy talk, but it is unstoppable.Liu Che has something he can condemn, but it is by no means inferior to the "Three Kings" and "Three Generations".On the contrary, the people should be grateful to God. Luckily, Liu Che did not catch up with the "Three Kings" and "Three Generations". Otherwise, the pain and disaster would be even worse.
7. In autumn, on August 30th, a solar eclipse.
8. The Hun Khanate defended the law, and was jealous of Li Guangli's glory and wealth.It happened that the empress dowager, the empress dowager, the mother-in-law of Shanyu Hulugu, fell ill.The opportunity has come, Wei Lu taught the wizard to pretend to be a ghost, claiming to be the father of Huluhugu, the predecessor of Shanyu (ninth) Yujiqiehouhou, and said to Huluhugu: "Every time we send troops At that time, they all made a vow in front of the gods that if Li Guangli was caught, he would be killed to sacrifice to the heavens, why did he break the oath?" Huo Lu Gu was frightened and ordered Li Guangli to be arrested.Li Guangli scolded and said: "After I die, the ghost will also destroy the Huns!" The Huns slaughtered Li Guangli on the altar like a pig and sheep.
1. In spring, the first lunar month, the emperor of the Western Han Dynasty (capital Chang'an) (seventh Emperor Wu) Liu Che (sixty-nine years old this year) went to Ganquan (northwest of Chunhua County, Shaanxi Province) to worship the five-color emperor.Then go to Anding County (Guyuan County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region).
2. Liu Wei, the king of Changyi (the capital Changyi), passed away.
3. In February, forgive the world.
4. In the summer and June, the marquis of Shang Qiucheng was accused of being cursed and committed suicide.
5. In the beginning, Ma Heluo, the executive officer of the court entourage (servant servant She), was friendly with Jiang Chong.Later, the crown prince Liu Ju cut the river to fill up the troops, and Ma Heluo's younger brother Ma Tong fought to the death with all his strength, and he was granted the title of Marquis of Chonghe.Soon, Liu Che ordered the execution of Jiang Chong's family and Jiang Chong's followers.Fearing that they would eventually be implicated, the Maholo brothers conspired to take action.Jin Rixun (pronounced midi), who was the royal servant (servant) of the palace, noticed that the expressions of the two people were a little strange, and he was suspicious in his heart, secretly paying attention to their movements, and went in and out with them.Ma Heluo was also aware that Jin Ridun was already on guard, so he never dared to launch it.
On exactly one day, Liu Che went to Linguang Palace (that is, Ganquan Palace, northwest of Chunhua County, Shaanxi Province).Jin Ridun was resting in a small bed in the duty room due to a minor illness.Ma Heluo, Ma Tong, and his younger brother Ma Ancheng falsely preached the imperial decree, went out of the palace at night, beheaded the officials of the armory, and obtained weapons.Early the next morning, before Liu Che woke up, Ma Heluo had already broken into the bedroom.Jin Ridun happened to go to the toilet, his heart pounded, and he felt something was wrong, so he immediately turned to the bedroom and sat at the door of Liu Che's bedroom.In an instant, Ma Heluo hid the sharp knife in his body and entered from the east wing. He was surprised when he saw Jin Ridun, but he still went straight to the bedroom and was about to enter the door.Probably overly nervous, he bumped into the musical instrument baoser placed by the door and got stuck there.Jin Rixun jumped up and hugged him by the waist, and shouted loudly: "Ma Heluo is assassinating!" Liu Che was awakened by the shout and jumped up hastily.The guards on the left and right drew their swords and wanted to kill Ma Heluo.Liu Che was afraid of hurting Jin Ridun, so he ordered not to do anything.Jin Rixun threw Ma Heluo to His Royal Highness, and the guards stepped forward to capture him alive and tied him with a rope.After a severe investigation, all of them were put to death.
Bo Yang said:
Ma Heluo's plot to assassinate Liu Che is a suspicious case.If you only commit murder because you fear the family will be slaughtered, you should understand that even if the assassination succeeds, the family will also be slaughtered.One emperor dies and another emperor is established. They have no plan to establish another emperor in their conspiracy, and there is no possibility of the whole family fleeing. The result can be predicted.Martens brothers, not idiots, why so?We don't know the secrets, but we infer that there must be secrets, and they are secrets that the government dare not disclose.
6. Autumn, July, earthquakes.
7. Liu Dan (Liu Chezi), the king of Yan (the capital of Jixian County), thought that he should be crowned prince according to the order of seniority, so he wrote a letter requesting to return to Chang'an court to serve as a bodyguard.Liu Che was furious and beheaded the envoy of Yan State who submitted the report under the north gate of Weiyang Palace.At this time, Liu Dan was accused by relevant units of hiding fugitives wanted by the government.Liu Che ordered the removal of three counties including Liangxiang (Liangxiang Town, southwest of Beijing), Anci (Langfang City, Hebei Province), and Wen'an (Wen'an County, Hebei Province).Because of this, Liu Che hated Liu Dan very much.But Liu Dan is very smart, eloquent, and knowledgeable. His younger brother Liu Xu, the king of Guangling (the capital of Guangling), has a brave temperament and a strong physique, but both of them behave badly and constantly violate national laws and regulations.Therefore, Liu Che did not consider making them heirs at all.
8. At this time, Mrs. Gouyi's wife Ms. Zhao's son, Liu Fuling, was only a few years old (seven years old this year), small and strong, very smart.Liu Che is old, he loves this child very much, and intends to make him the prince.But considering that he is too young and mother is too young, she has been hesitant.I hope to find a prestigious and capable minister as an assistant.Among all the senior officials, only Huo Guang (Huo Qubing's half-brother), the director of imperial vehicles (Captain Fengche), the special state official (Doctor Guanglu), is considered to be loyal and solid enough to be responsible for important affairs.So he taught the attendant of the Forbidden Palace (Huangmen) to draw a picture of "Ji Dan holding Ji Song in his embrace and accepting the audience of the monarchs of various countries", and rewarded Huo Guang.
After solving the auxiliary problem, Liu Che decided to get rid of his beloved young and beautiful little wife.Time came quickly, and a few days later, Liu Che found a reason and suddenly became furious at Mrs. Gou Yi. Mrs. Gou Yi never thought that her old husband, who was always loving in every way, would be so fierce. She hurriedly took off the jewelry on her head, kowtowed, and begged for forgiveness.But she never thought that he would kill her, until Liu Che ordered his left and right sides, saying: "Pull it out, and put it in the palace prison!" "Go, you can't live!" Mrs. Gou Yi was executed in prison.
Liu Che also knew that his atrocity would cause shock and must be resolved.Soon, when he was sitting idle, he asked his entourage: "What criticisms are there from the outside world?" The entourage said: "People are surprised that they want to make her son (Liu Fuling) the crown prince. Why did they kill his mother?" Dear?" Liu Che said: "You idiots of the younger generation can't understand the truth of what I did. Since ancient times, the country has been in chaos because the king was too young, but the mother was young. This young woman Once the master is in power, he will be arrogant and rebellious, and no one can restrain him. Have you not seen the example of Empress Lu (Lu Pheasant)? So you have to get rid of her first."
1. In spring, the first lunar month, Liu Che (70 years old), the emperor of the Western Han Dynasty (capital Chang’an) received congratulations from princes and marquises at Ganquan Palace (northwest of Chunhua County, Shaanxi Province).
In February, Liu Che went to Wuzha (Zuo) Palace in the east of Zhouzhi County, Shaanxi Province.
2. Liu Che was seriously ill. Huo Guang asked in tears, "If Your Majesty passes away as an immortal, who should succeed?" Liu Che said, "Don't you see the purpose of that painting? Make my youngest son (Liu Fuling) , and you will play the role of Jidan (Duke Zhou)." Huo Guang kowtowed and humbly said: "I am not as good as Jin Ridun." Jin Ridun said beside him: "I am a foreigner (the son of Hun Tu King), and I am not as good as Jin Ridun." Huo Guang, and if I assist the government, it will make the Xiongnu despise the Han Dynasty."
On February 12th, Liu Che issued an edict to make Liu Fuling the crown prince, who was only eight years old. (He still doesn't know that his mother has been brutally murdered, and the murderer is his father, and he can't even find someone for revenge when he grows up.)
On February 13th, Liu Che appointed Huo Guang as the country's supreme commander (Da Sima) and the country's supreme commander (general), Jin Rixun as the chariot general, and the Minister of Communications (the servant) Shangguan Jie as the left general.The three accepted the will and jointly assisted the young master.He also appointed Sang Hongyang, the director of grain (Sou Su Duwei), as the chief inspector (doctor Yushi), and they all took an oath in front of the hospital bed.
3. Huo Guang has been in and out of the palace for more than 20 years. He accompanied Liu Che in the car when he went out of the palace, and served Liu Che around him in the palace. He was careful and never made mistakes.He is calm and serene, no matter whether he leaves the palace or enters the palace, goes up and down the palace gate, and has a certain distance between steps.The palace guard (Lang) and the executive officer (Pushe) once peeked from the side and found that he went up and down the steps every day, all in the same place, with no difference in size.
Jin Ridun has been around Liu Che for decades, and he can't look sideways.In order to show respect for the royal family, Jin Ridun never dared to approach the maid Liu Che rewarded him.Liu Che wanted to take his daughter into the palace as a concubine, but Jin Ridun firmly refused.Sincere, honest and prudent, all the things he did were the same as these, which made Liu Che very surprised.Jin Ridun's eldest son was Liu Che's favorite playmate when he was a child.Later, when his playmate grew up, his behavior was not as prudish as his father's. He used to mess around with the court ladies under the palace stage. Jin Ridun happened to meet him, hated his fornication, and killed his son.Liu Che was very angry when he got the report, and called Jin Ridun to question him.Jin Rixun kowtowed to plead guilty and reported the reason for killing his son.Liu Che was very sad and shed tears; but he respected Jin Ridun from the bottom of his heart.
Shangguan Jie was favored because of his bravery (when Shangguan Jie was young, he was the imperial guard of Habayashi and escorted Liu Che to Ganquan Palace. When a strong wind suddenly blew up, the convoy could not move forward. Liu Che ordered to give Shangguan Jie the yellow silk umbrella cover specially used by the emperor. Shangguan Jie His arms are strong, even in the strong wind, he held up the yellow silk canopy and never left the imperial chariot. Liu Che was deeply impressed by his bravery), and was appointed as the stable manager of Weiyang Palace (Weiyang Stable Order).Once, Liu Che was ill. When he recovered, he went to inspect the stables and saw the thin horses. Liu Che was furious and said, "Officer, you think I will never see the horses again, right?" He planned to put him in prison.Shangguan Jie kowtowed and said: "I heard that the emperor is not in good health, and he is worried day and night. He didn't think about horses at all!" Before he finished speaking, tears were streaming down his face.Liu Che was very moved when he heard this, and thought that Shangguan Jie really loved him, so he regarded him as a confidant and appointed him as a court attendant (servant), and later, he was promoted to Minister of Communications (Private Servant).
The three of them were Liu Che's favorite and trusted cadres, so they were specially appointed to take care of the funeral.
4. On February 14th, Liu Che died in Wuzha Palace (at the age of 70), and his body was transported to the front hall of Weiyang Palace for burial.
Liu Che is very smart, and can make decisive judgments, knowing people and making good use of them.Enforce the law with a ruthless face.His younger sister, Princess Longli's son, Zhaoping Jun (name unknown), married Liu Che's daughter, Princess Yi'an.When Princess Longsi was dying, she presented a thousand catties of gold and tens of millions of strings of money to redeem her son's death penalty in advance, Liu Che promised.Princess Longli passed away soon, and her son Zhaoping became more and more proud. While drunk, he killed the princess' master (the official system of the Western Han Dynasty, the eldest princess had a female master, with an annual salary of 1,000 shi), was arrested and put in prison.The Minister of Justice (Ting Wei) reminded Liu Che that he was the son of Princess Longli, and his attendants also reminded Liu Che: "The eldest princess (Princess Longli) has already paid the ransom in advance, and His Majesty has personally promised." Liu Che said: "My sister I gave birth to this son when I was old, and please take care of me when I die!" I couldn't help crying and sighing.Finally, he said: "The laws of the country are made by the first emperor (generally referring to the ancestors). If I insult the laws made by the first emperor in order to protect my sister (Princess Longli), what face do I have to enter the Gaomiao (the first emperor Liu Bang's sacrificial temple) )? Moreover, it betrayed the trust of the people!" So the beheading was approved, and the sorrow couldn't stop, and the people who followed him were all sad.Dongfang Shuo, the waiting official (waiting for edict) at the Golden Horse Gate, stepped forward to congratulate him and said: "I understand that a sage king presides over the country's affairs, and when he should be rewarded, he should be rewarded, regardless of whether he is an enemy; when he should be punished, he should be punished, regardless of whether he is a relative or not." "The Book of Books" said: "Do not lean to one side, do not set up party members, the way of the holy king, open and upright." These two principles It is difficult for the three kings (Xia Si Wenming, Shang Zi Tianyi, Zhou Jifa) to be the most important. However, His Majesty did it. Blessing! I, Dongfang Shuo, risk my life to congratulate His Majesty!"
Liu Che didn't like Dongfang Shuo very much at first, but later treated him kindly and appointed him as the royal guard (Zhong Lang).
Ban Gu said:
The Western Han Dynasty inherited the long-standing evils handed down by successive kings, Gaozu (the first emperor Liu Bang) put down the rebellion and restored the society to normal order.Xiaowen (the fifth emperor Liu Heng) and Xiaojing (the sixth emperor Liu Qi) devoted themselves to advocating agriculture and enabling the people to rest and recuperate. There are still many things missing in the ancient rites and music.When Xiaowu (Emperor Liu Che, the Seventh Emperor) first came to the throne, he categorically dismissed other schools of thought, only commending the Six Classics of Confucianism (, "Book of Music", "Book of Rites", "Book of Books", "Spring and Autumn"), and recruited scholars from all over the world. The outstanding talents in the company will build a career together.Established a university (Taixue), presided over suburban sacrifices, changed Zhengshuo (104 years ago, with the first month as the first month of the year), determined the calendar, recomposed the rhythm, made hymns and sacred music, and went to Mount Tai Sacrificing to heaven and earth (Feng Chan), paying homage to the gods, enshrining the descendants of the Zhou Dynasty (refer to 113 years ago), paying attention to literature (Ci Fu), radiant and brilliant, all have commendable achievements.His descendants, in accordance with the legacy norms, have the styles of three generations (Xia, Shang, Zhou).Talents like Xiaowu have not changed the respect, simplicity and love for the people of the Xiaowen and Xiaojing eras.Even the holy kings praised in the "Book of Books" cannot surpass them.
Sima Guang said:
Liu Che has terrible extravagance and endless desires, the criminal law is harsh, and the taxes imposed on the people have become violent expropriations.Internally, they wantonly built palaces and lived a corrupt life; externally, they used force to attack the barbarians in all directions, believed in gods and ghosts, and kept wandering around famous places and mountains and rivers, making the people unable to make a living, and ganged up as thieves.This situation is almost the same as that of Ying Zheng (the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty).However, the Qin government finally perished, but the Western Han government prospered instead. What is the reason?在于刘彻能遵守先王的圣道，知道克制。而且常常接受忠告，厌恶被人欺骗蒙蔽。喜好贤能的人才，赏罚严明。到了晚年，发现过去的错误，毅然改过，而又托孤得人。这可能就是虽有嬴政暴政而没有嬴政灾祸的缘故。
*Zhao Yi said:
《汉书》班固对刘彻的评论，只称道他文化方面的贡献，对于他开疆拓土的武功，一字不提。而刘彻雄才大略的表现，正在于他的武功。为了对抗匈奴汗国的屡屡入侵，先后派卫青七次出塞攻击，收复河南地（黄河河套），设置朔方郡（内蒙古杭锦旗北黄河南岸）。公孙敖筑受降城（内蒙古乌拉特中旗东五十千米新忽热），徐自为更沿着五原（内蒙古包头市）兴建城堡亭障一千余里，直到卢朐（今地不详），把中国贫民迁移到那里屯垦。又派霍去病六次出塞攻击，取得匈奴汗国西部疆土（河西走廊），匈奴浑邪王投降，在令居（甘肃省永登县西）以西，设立酒泉、武威、张掖、敦煌四郡。又命李广利攻击大宛王国（首都贵山城），斩国王毋寡。自敦煌起，西到盐泽（新疆维吾尔自治区罗布泊），兴筑城堡亭障，在轮台（新疆维吾尔自治区轮台县）、渠犁（新疆维吾尔自治区库尔勒市西南）实施武装屯田。这是西北疆土的开拓。
刘彻又命伏波将军路博德、楼船将军杨仆等，征服南越王国（首都番禺），设置儋耳（海南省儋州市）、珠厓（海南省琼山县）、南海（广东省广州市）、苍梧（广西壮族自治区梧州市）、郁林（广西壮族自治区桂平县）、合浦（广西壮族自治区合浦县东北）、交趾（越南河内市）、九真（越南清化市）、日南（越南东河县）九郡。这是南方疆土的开拓。
刘彻又命杨仆跟横海将军韩说等，攻击闽越王国（首都东冶），闽越人杀掉国王骆馀善投降，刘彻把闽越王国人民迁徙到长江、淮河之间，而使闽越（福建省）真空。这是东方疆土的开拓。
刘彻又命唐蒙、司马相如，诱导西南夷各部落归附。接着派遣皇家警卫官（中郎）郭昌、卫平等人，在西南夷故地设置牂柯郡（贵州省福泉县），在邛都（四川省西昌市）设置越巂郡，在筰都（四川省汉源县）设置沈黎郡，在冉駹设置汶山郡（四川省茂县），在白马（甘肃省西和县西南蒿林乡）设置武都郡。于是夜郎国（贵州省关岭县）、滇国（云南省晋宁县东晋城镇）的国王，先后到首都长安朝拜，因而在滇国设置益州郡。这是西南疆土的开拓。
刘彻又命杨仆跟左将军荀彘，击灭朝鲜王国（卫氏朝鲜，首都王险城），设置真番（韩国首尔市）、临屯（韩国江陵市）、乐浪（朝鲜平壤市）、玄菟（朝鲜咸兴市）四郡。这是东北疆土的开拓。
然后，刘彻又命张骞等出使西域（新疆维吾尔自治区及中亚东部），遂使三十六国的国君，都仰慕中国文化，到中国朝贡。这是西方疆土的开拓。
上述的这些开拓的疆土，其中有些是秦王朝本来已有，后来脱幅而去，而被刘彻收复的，如：朔方、朝鲜、南越、闽越。不过秦王朝虽已列为国土，却联系松懈，虚有其名。直到刘彻，才真正的设立郡县，纳入中国正规的行政系统。其中有些并不是秦王朝已有，而是刘彻新开辟的，如：西北的酒泉、敦煌等郡，南方的九真、日南等郡，西南的益州等郡。至于西域三十六国，更是秦王朝所没有听说过的地方。统计刘彻所开辟的领土，比起刘邦、刘盈、刘恒、刘启时代，几乎增加两倍。西域那些地方，对中国而言，并不重要（这是赵翼于十八世纪八〇年代写《二十二史札记》时的看法），而其他地区，却永远成为中国（本部）版图的四方边界，千万年都蒙受益处，班固却全部抹杀。
Bo Yang said:
评估一个简单的历史人物容易，评估一个错综复杂而又活得够久的历史人物困难。对刘彻，就是如此。他在历史舞台上，演出七十年，扮演的角色太多，而所作决定的后果，又影响太大。其中至少有下列两项，直到两千年后的今天，仍跟每一个中国人骨肉相连。历史上只有少数首领，能深远到如此程度。
第一是儒家学派定于一尊，用政治力量排斥其他学派和学说。任何一种思想，即令是最可敬的思想，只要定于一尊，就会变得可厌。儒家学派定于一尊之日，也就是中国灿烂辉煌的时代，开始沉淀为酱缸之时。随着封建极权的发展和因科举制度而又出现官场文化，更使酱缸深不可测。罗马帝国要到四世纪八〇年代，基督教才开始定于一尊。中国比西方早六百年实施思想控制，所以当西方已从基督教枷锁中挣脱之后，中国还在酱缸中欲振乏力。决定这项政策时，刘彻虽然才十七岁，而且刚刚即位，但是，这件事却在他在位期间发生。
第二是领土扩张，使中国的疆域倍增。在安土重迁的农业社会，跟崇古畏战的儒家系统当权两种条件之下，疆域不丧失已算幸运的了，根本不可能扩张。而中国疆域在公元前一世纪竟然扩张到两倍以上，使中国原始的国土广达五百万平方千米，原因在于那时中国有一位雄才大略、意志坚决的领袖刘彻，完成一项千古英雄功业。罗马帝国的扩张，历时数百年，正是所谓“罗马不是一天造成的”，而中华帝国这个庞然大物的本土部分，却几乎由刘彻一手完成。他所扩张的疆域，以后很少变动（直到十八世纪清王朝，中国领土才作两倍以上的扩张，构成二十世纪中国的疆域）。在这方面，刘彻不只是一个普通帝王，还是一个英雄人物。
不过，如果就人权立场，刘彻却是一个不折不扣的暴君。把中国所有帝王集中在一起审判，刘彻只能算是丙级罪犯，比嬴政的罪恶固然要重，但比他更凶恶的君王，却举目皆是；那些更凶恶的君王，将在上逐渐登场。我们当然不会因为刘彻凶恶的程度较低而原谅他，但检讨他的很多乖张措施，应归咎于他在位的时间太长。权力不但使人骄傲腐败，也使人冥顽痴呆，时间越久，越记不得自己是谁。一个小人物，尚且如此，何况拥有无限权力的大头目？历史上在位太久的君王不多，诸如孙权、萧衍、拓跋珪、杨坚、李治、李隆基、朱元璋等等，不论当初多么聪明，最后总是虎头蛇尾，作恶多端，给人民带来无限的痛苦。刘彻十六岁坐上宝座，七十岁死亡，掌握权力五十五年之久，他如果早死二十年或三十年，就不会暴露他专割人屌的畸形心理，不会发生司马迁事件，不会有什么杀人千万的“巫蛊”。只有民主制度不断改换当权派，才能拯救这种灾难。而在那个时代，刘彻的表现，还算中国历史上最好的，他固想到自己的荣耀，也想到国家的荣耀，还能掌握主动，拒绝轮台继续屯田，在刹车还不太迟的时候，总算有智慧也有能力刹车，使他对国家做出的贡献，得以永垂万世。
5、二月十五日，八岁的太子刘弗陵登上皇帝宝座（八任昭帝）。他的姐姐鄂邑公主搬回皇宫跟幼弟同住，负责抚养。霍光、金日磾、上官桀，共同辅政，一起主管宫廷机要（领尚书事。“领尚书事”这个官称，在首次出现，以后五百年间，地位重要，“尚书”是侍奉在皇帝左右的秘书官员，负责处理文件，传达皇帝的指示和决定。因为居于枢纽，遂掌握大权。刘彻时，尚书共有五位，任何重要的奏章报告，都得通过这一关，才能到达皇帝面前。霍光等人虽然是一人之下，万人之上的辅政大臣，可是，如果不主管宫廷机要，他跟皇帝之间，就仍隔万里，随时都可能发生变化。自此之后，遂形成一种制度，宰相也好、三公也好，必须主管宫廷机要，才能掌握真正的实权）。
霍光辅佐年幼君王，他的命令就等于皇帝的命令，大计方针，都由他决定，天下人都想见到他的风采。一天晚上，皇宫忽然有怪物出现，引起一场混乱，官员们慌成一团。霍光恐怕有人乘机生事，紧急召唤掌玺禁卫官（尚符玺郎），索取御玺。掌玺禁卫官拒绝，霍光下令强夺，掌玺禁卫官手按佩剑（是一种随时出击的姿势），正色说：“你可以得到我的人头，但得不到御玺。”霍光对他的态度十分嘉许。第二天，下诏擢升掌玺禁卫官晋级二等；天下人由此对霍光更为尊敬。
6、三月二十二日，西汉政府把刘彻埋葬茂陵（陕西省兴平市东北）。
7、夏季，六月，赦天下。
8、秋季，七月，东方天际出现孛星。
9、济北王（首府卢县）刘宽（一任帝刘邦四世孙），被指控有禽兽行为（刘宽跟他爹刘胡的王后光、姬妾孝儿奸淫，又祈祷鬼神，诅咒皇帝），刘宽自杀。
10、冬季，匈奴汗国（王庭设蒙古国哈尔和林市）侵入朔方郡（内蒙古杭锦旗北黄河南岸），屠杀及俘虏汉朝官员及人民。西汉政府增派援军，进驻西河郡（内蒙古准格尔旗西南），左将军上官桀巡视北方沿边要塞。
1、夏季，西汉王朝（首都长安）益州郡（云南省晋宁县东晋城镇）所属二十四个县城，三万余人，同时叛变。西汉政府派水利总监（水衡都尉）吕辟胡，招募兵马；并征调犍为郡（四川省宜宾市）、蜀郡（四川省成都市）的机动部队（奔命），发动攻击，大破反抗军。
2、秋季，七月，赦天下。
3、七月降雨，直降到十月，渭水桥梁冲断。
4、最初，前任帝（七任武帝）刘彻逝世不久，现任帝（八任昭帝）刘弗陵（本年九岁），向各封国发布告哀诏书。燕王（首府蓟县）刘旦（七任武帝刘彻子）看到后，没有表情，也没有悲哀哭泣，只说：“信封这么小，不像是诏书，京师（首都长安）恐怕有什么变故？”派他最宠信的臣僚寿西长（寿西，复姓）、孙纵之、王孺等，前去长安，借口请示举哀的仪式，暗中探听宫廷消息。
不久，刘弗陵下诏赏赐刘旦钱三十万，增加封户一万三千家。刘旦冷笑说：“我应该当皇帝，用不着谁对我赏赐！”就跟皇族中山（哀）王（首府卢奴）刘昌的儿子刘长、齐（孝）王（首府临淄）刘将闾的孙儿刘泽等，秘密结合。刘旦宣称：老爹刘彻（七任武帝）在世时，曾特别授权给他，可以任用和撤免封国（燕国）内的官员。（自七国之乱后，中央法令规定：封国国君不准过问封国行政。）于是整顿军队，防备非常变化。王宫禁卫官（郎中）成轸煽动刘旦说：“大王应该继承皇帝宝座，却没有继承，只有采取行动，直接索取，不应该坐着等待。大王一旦起事，全国人民，即令是妇女，都会奋臂追随。”
刘旦遂更积极加强布置，跟刘泽商定：由刘泽撰写文件，指控刘弗陵不是先帝（七任）刘彻的儿子，硬被大臣们拥立，要求天下共同起兵讨伐。把这文件遍传各郡各封国，使民心动摇。然后，再由刘泽在临淄（山东省淄博市东临淄镇）发动兵变，击杀青州督导官（刺史）隽不疑（隽，音juan。当时齐国已改为齐郡，郡政府跟青州督导官办公处，都设在临淄。史书记载刘泽只阴谋击杀督导官，而没有考虑击杀郡长，显示两点：一、督导官地位跟权柄此时可能已高过郡长。二、督导官本是活动性的，此时可能已在各州建立常设机构，逐渐蜕变成为“州政府”，而督导官也逐渐成为一州之长）。
刘旦在燕国（首府蓟县）扩大招募各郡各封国作奸犯科的地痞流氓，发给他们铜铁，使他们制造武器。刘旦不断举行阅兵大典，整训他属下的骑兵跟步兵部队。发动民众打猎，用以训练部队作战技能，等待那一天来临。王宫禁卫官（郎中）韩义等，发现情形不对劲，好几次直言规劝，刘旦大感扫兴，一连诛杀韩义等十五人。
就在这个时候，瓶侯（封地在今山东省临朐县东南）刘成（菑川王刘建的儿子）得到刘泽等谋反的消息，通知隽不疑。
八月，隽不疑逮捕刘泽等，报告中央。中央派藩属事务部主任秘书（大鸿胪丞）到齐郡处理，把刘旦牵连出来。刘弗陵下诏说：刘旦是至亲（刘弗陵的异母老哥），不必追究，仅只诛杀刘泽等。擢升隽不疑当首都长安特别市长（京兆尹）。
隽不疑当首都长安特别市长，官员平民，一致敬畏他的威信。每次到所属各县审理刑事案件回来（二十世纪之前，中国行政跟司法不分，行政官就是司法官），娘亲总是问他：“有没有平反冤狱？救活了多少人？”如果平反的冤狱多，娘亲就比平常要高兴；如果没有发现冤狱，或发现而没有平反，娘亲就发脾气，拒绝吃饭。所以隽不疑担任法官，虽然严厉，却不残暴。
5、九月二日，秺（敬）侯金日磾逝世。
最初，刘彻（七任武帝）病重，写下遗诏，封金日磾当秺侯、上官桀当安阳侯、霍光当博陆侯，都由于捕获叛徒马何罗有功封爵。
金日磾因现任帝（八任昭帝）刘弗陵年纪太幼，不肯接受，霍光、上官桀也不敢接受。等到金日磾病危，霍光向刘弗陵报告，决定金日磾可以躺在病床上接受侯爵的印信。接受印信后只一天，金日磾便与世长辞。金日磾的两个儿子金赏、金建，都是宫廷随从（侍中），跟刘弗陵的年龄差不多，十岁左右，三人交谊很深，在一起玩耍，也在一块睡觉。当时金赏的官职是御车总监（奉车都尉），金建的官职是御马总监（驸马都尉）。金赏以长子的身份继承老爹秺侯的爵位，身上挂着两个印信。刘弗陵问霍光：“金家兄弟两人，难道不能都佩两条绣带呀？”霍光说：“金赏是继承他爹的侯爵，才多了一条绣带的。”刘弗陵笑说：“侯爵不侯爵，还不是凭我跟您一句话！”霍光说：“先帝（指一任帝刘邦）有规定，对国家有功劳的才能封侯爵。”刘弗陵才打消初意。
6、闰十月，中央政府派曾经担任过司法部长（廷尉）的王平等五人，“持节”前往各郡各封国视察，遴选“贤良”人才，调查民间疾苦、冤枉以及失职的官员。
7、冬季，天暖，不结冰。（俗谚说：“该热不热，五谷不结；该冷不冷，五谷不登。”冬天温暖，将有荒年。）
1、春季，正月，西汉王朝（首都长安）皇帝（八任昭帝）刘弗陵（本年十岁）封全国最高统帅（大将军）霍光当博陆侯，封左将军上官桀当安阳侯。
2、霍光的朋友中有人提醒霍光：“你是不是注意到吕家班的下场？一个人处于伊尹、姬旦的地位（在半信史时代的商王朝，儒家学派的说法是：“一任帝子天乙逝世，孙儿子太甲荒乱无道，宰相伊尹把他罢黜，放逐到桐邑。三年之后，子太甲悔过，伊尹再把他迎接回来继任帝位。”不过另一种说法却不是这样，一任帝子天乙之后，二任帝是子外丙，三任帝是子仲壬，伊尹扮演的是四任帝角色，而被五任帝子太甲夺回政权。两种说法相差很大，这又是一项聚讼纷纭的专题。我们不参与考据讨论），掌握中央大权，发号施令，却疏远皇族，不跟他们分享，因此得不到天下的信任，终于覆亡。而今，你身居高位，皇上的年龄逐渐增加，最好的办法是敞开政府大门，欢迎皇族参与。遇到事情，再多跟高级官员们磋商。作风跟吕家班相反，这样才可以免除以后的祸患。”霍光认为正确，遂在皇族中遴选可以担任官职的人才，任命楚（元）王（首府彭城）刘交的孙儿刘辟彊跟皇族刘长乐，分别当特级国务官（光禄大夫）。刘辟彊则代理长乐宫保安官（守长乐卫尉）。
3、三月，中央政府派使节到各郡各封国，拨款救济给播种没有种子和粮食不继的农家。
4、秋季，八月，刘弗陵下诏：“数年以来，农民的灾害特多，今年的养蚕和春麦收割，也都受到伤害。中央发放给农民的种子和贷款，都不要偿还，并且不要征收今年农民的田赋。”
5、最初，刘彻（七任武帝）攻击匈奴汗国（王庭设蒙古国哈尔和林市），深入心脏，穷追猛打，历时二十余年。匈奴马匹牛羊家畜等，不能正常受孕繁殖，受到严重消耗，人民贫苦疲惫，达到极点。回想往日跟汉朝和平相处的好日子，盼望恢复和解。但战败之国，已没有和解条件，所以总是碰壁。
单于（十任）挛鞮狐鹿姑有异母老弟（名不详），当东部军区司令（左大都尉），为人贤明，民心归附。皇太后恐怕挛鞮狐鹿姑不传位给儿子，而传位给弟弟，于是派人把东部军区司令刺死。东部军区司令同母的哥哥，悲愤交集，从此不再前往王庭。
本年（前八五年），挛鞮狐鹿姑病重不起，吩咐皇族父老：“我的儿子，年纪太小，还不能治理国家。单于宝座，应传给我弟弟右谷蠡王。”挛鞮狐鹿姑逝世后，卫律等跟正宫皇后（颛渠阏氏），密不发丧，假传圣旨，指定儿子左谷蠡王挛鞮壶衍鞮继任单于（十一任）。
这个宫廷阴谋不久泄露，左贤王、右谷蠡王，大为怨恨，率领部众打算投奔汉朝，又恐怕道路太远，中途受到新立单于（十一任）的袭击，不能到达。于是胁迫卢屠王共同投奔乌孙