Chapter 37 First decade of the first century BC (100-91 BC)
The struggle to seize power within the central government of the Western Han Dynasty became increasingly fierce, with strife, frame-up, and massacres in chaos.However, the external combat power remained strong, and continued to fight to the death with the Huns, but the Huns finally weakened before the Han Dynasty and split into two: the Southern Huns Khanate surrendered to the Han Dynasty, the Northern Huns Khanate fled to Central Asia, and the Han Dynasty went on an expedition The army pursued, and the commander Chen Tang declared: "Anyone who dares to offend the Han Dynasty will be punished no matter how far he escapes."
1. In spring, the first lunar month, the emperor of the Western Han Dynasty (the capital of Chang’an) (the seventh Emperor Wu) Liu Che (57 years old this year) traveled to Ganquan (northwest of Chunhua County, Shaanxi Province) to worship the Five Color Emperor (refer to 165 years ago).
In March, Liu Che traveled to Hedong (Xia County, Shanxi Province) to worship the God of Houtu.
2. Liu Che was moved by the sincerity of the Huns Khanate (Kharhelin City, Mongolia), and ordered the release of the Huns' envoys who were imprisoned in the Han Dynasty, and sent the Royal Guard Commander (General Zhonglang) Su Wu as an envoy to escort them Returning to the country: Bring valuable gifts to thank the Huns for their kindness.In addition, Zhang Sheng, the deputy commander of the royal guard (deputy Zhonglang general), was appointed as the deputy envoy, and Chang Hui was appointed as the secretary (and official).However, after arriving in the Huns Khanate, the situation was different.The Xiongnu Chanyu (Ninth Ren) was arrogant and arrogant, as if an envoy from the Han Dynasty came to pay tribute. It was very different from his performance in the letter last year (10-10 years ago) and the expectations of the Western Han government. no the same.
At this time, King Gou (name unknown. Gou, sound gou) and Changshui people Yu Chang and others (Changshui, now Chanshui. A tributary of Bashui, flowing through the northwest of Lantian County, Shaanxi Province, is the stationed place of the Western Han Dynasty Foreign Corps King Gou and Yu Chang were both generals of the Xiongnu who followed King Hunxie and surrendered to the Han Dynasty in 121 years ago. In 103 years ago, they followed Zhao to defeat the Nu army and returned to the Huns), as well as the surrender led by Wei Lu General, conspired to launch a rebellion, intending to hijack the empress dowager, the mother-in-law of the marquis of the marquis, and return to the Han Dynasty.
Wei Lu's father was a Hun who settled in Changshui (Chanshui).Wei Lu is good friends with Li Yannian, the music director (Captain of Xie Lu), and Li Yannian recommended Wei Lu as an envoy to the Xiongnu.However, after Wei Lu returned to China, just as Li Yannian was killed, Wei Lu fled to the Huns.
Bo Yang said:
Li Yannian's younger sister, Mrs. Li, is a legendary beauty, unruffled in times of crisis.When she was being loved by Liu Che to the boiling point, she fell ill.Liu Che personally visited her (in the palace, the emperor was surrounded by beauties, but he went to visit a concubine who was sick, which proved that Ms. Li was extraordinary), hoping to see her for the last time.But Mrs. Li covered her head with a quilt and resolutely refused, and only asked her brother Li Yannian to take care of her.Liu Che agreed, but still asked to see her. Mrs. Li was forced to cry, and Liu Che was very unhappy, and left in dismay.The other concubines complained that she made the emperor angry. Mrs. Li said: "Use your beautiful appearance to win favor. Once your appearance gets old, the favor will naturally disappear. The emperor loves me because of my beautiful appearance. After I have been ill for a long time, I am no longer what I used to be. When I found out that I was a yellow-faced woman, I stopped everything. Although he is not happy for a while, in his impression, I am still like a flower, and he will never forget and take care of my family."
Although Mrs. Li is young and has little experience, but these few words hit the heart of men all over the world.Sure enough, Liu Che promoted Li Yannian as ministerial music director (two thousand stones).However, when the beautiful appearance also disappeared in the memory, the previous love was also abandoned.Li Yannian obviously doesn't understand that in the court, there is only power, no morality, only carnal desire, no love, and he is still as presumptuous as before.In the end, he and his brother were still executed by Liu Che.It makes us hesitate and can't help ourselves.
After Wei Lu fled to the Xiongnu, the Xiongnu Chanyu loved him very much, and even discussed state affairs with him, and named him King Dingling (the fiefdom is on the shore of Lake Baikal in Siberia today).When Yu Chang was in the Han Dynasty, he was friends with Zhang Shengyuan, so he secretly visited Zhang Sheng and said: "I heard that the emperor of the Han Dynasty hated Wei Lu very much. I can shoot him with ambushes. My mother and younger brother are still in Han Dynasty. I hope the Han Dynasty can give them rewards." Zhang Sheng promised to give Yu Chang many gifts immediately.
One month later, Shan Yu and the Marquis of Dian and Dian went out to hunt, and his mother, the Empress Dowager (Lan's family), stayed behind with some nobles.Yu Chang and more than 70 people planned to launch a surprise attack, but one of them escaped and reported.The sons of the Marquis of Suo and Ji dispatched troops to attack in a hurry. King Gou and others were all killed, and Yu Chang was captured alive.Concubine and Hou ordered Wei Lv to preside over the trial.
When Zhang Sheng got the news, he was afraid that Yu Chang would confess the conversation with him, so he hurriedly reported it to Su Wu. Su Wu said: "Since this is the case, it must be traced back to me. If I am arrested before I die, I will fail the country's trust even more." Prepare. Suicide, Zhang Sheng and Chang Hui tried their best to prevent it.As expected, Yu Chang confessed to Zhang Sheng, and the Marquis was so angry that he convened a meeting of senior officials and wanted to kill all the envoys of the Han Dynasty.King Zuo Yizhizi said: "Their target is Wei Lu. If it is Shan Yu, how can we increase the punishment? We should teach them to surrender." The marquis of Zhe Qie ordered Wei Lv to send a message to Su Wu, and Su Wu said to Chang Hui and others: "The emperor's talisman is humiliated, and our mission cannot be completed. Even if we live, what face is there to return to the country?" Pulling out his saber to commit suicide, Wei Lu was surprised, hugged him, and quickly called a doctor. Dig a pit in the ground, light a fire (煴, sound yun. Fire, a weak charcoal fire when it is about to go out), put Su Wu on the ridge (it is cold outside the Great Wall, if there is no fire in the tent, the clothes will freeze death), massaging Su Wu's back to make the blood flow out.Due to the pain and excessive blood loss, Su Wu fainted, and it took half a day for him to wake up.Chang Hui and others wept bitterly, and carried Su Wu back to the camp in a sedan chair.
The marquis of Congda admired Su Wu's heroism, and sent people to greet him sooner or later, and arrested Zhang Sheng and others at the same time.Later, when Su Wu recovered from his illness, the Marquis of Suo Ji sent people to persuade him, intending to ask Su Wu to surrender.He happened to execute Yu Chang and cut off his head with a sword.Taking this opportunity, Wei Lu said: "Zhang Sheng, the envoy of the Han Dynasty, murdered Shan Yu's close officials (referring to himself), and he should be executed immediately. Only by surrendering can Shan Yu be pardoned." Pulling out his sword, he went straight to Zhang Sheng Throat, Zhang Sheng was afraid and willing to surrender.Wei Lu said to Su Wu again: "The deputy envoy (Zhang Sheng) is guilty. You, the official envoy, should be punished by sitting down." Su Wu said, "I am neither Zhang Sheng's accomplice nor Zhang Sheng's relative. Why should I sit down?" Wei Lu drew his sword and went straight forward, but Su Wu's face remained unchanged.Wei Lu said: "Mr. Su, I used to abandon the Han Dynasty and go to the Xiongnu. I was lucky enough to receive a great favor. I was named a king. I have tens of thousands of people, cattle and horses everywhere, and enjoy such wealth. Mr. Su just nod today, and tomorrow will be the same Otherwise, who would know about the corpse lying in the wilderness in vain?" Su Wu remained silent.Wei Lu said: "For my sake, you surrender to the Xiongnu, we are the best brotherly friendship. If you don't accept my suggestion, after this moment, even if you want to see me again, how can you do it?" Su Wu said: "You should People's servants, disregarding the kindness to you, betraying the monarch, betraying their parents, surrendering to the barbarians, willing to be a barbarian, why do I still want to see you? But Shanyu trusts you and makes you judge people's life and death, you are not fair Deal with it, but to stimulate the kings of the two countries to fight, let you watch the success or failure with cold eyes! You should know that the king of South Vietnam (capital Panyu) killed the envoys of the Han Dynasty, the whole country was slaughtered, and changed to the nine counties of the Han Dynasty (refer to the previous 111 year); the king of Dawan (the capital Guishan City) killed the envoys of the Han Dynasty, and their heads were hung on the North Gate of Chang'an (refer to 102 years ago); 109). Only the Huns have not done anything yet. You know very well that I will not surrender, but you must teach me to surrender. But I hope that there will be a war between the Han and the Huns, and the disaster of the Huns Khanate will start from me.” Wei Lu found that he could not persuade Su Wu, so he reported it to the Marquis.Concubine and Marquis are more respectful, and more and more want to win his attachment.Determined to apply pressure, Su Wu was imprisoned in a large cellar and cut off food.But the sky was snowing heavily, and thousands of miles were frozen, and Su Wu devoured the wool and ice and snow on the fur coat.After a few days, he did not starve to death.The Huns were greatly surprised, thinking that there must be help from the gods.Therefore, Su Wu was exiled to the uninhabited North Sea (Siberia Lake Baikal), and asked him to herd a group of rams, telling him: "When the rams have milk, you can go back." Chang Hui, another envoy who also refused to surrender Wait, put it somewhere else.
3. The white hair fell from the sky.
4. In summer, severe drought.
5. In May, forgive the world.
6. The government of the Western Han Dynasty forced criminals to immigrate to Wuyuan County (Baotou City, Inner Mongolia) for reclamation.
7. Zhao Ponu, Marquis of Zhuoye, fled back to the Han Dynasty from the Huns Khanate (Zhao Ponu was captured and the army surrendered, refer to 103 years ago. After Zhao Ponu and his son Zhao Anyong fled back to the Han Dynasty, they died soon In the witchcraft murder case, the whole family was slaughtered, which is sad).
8. This year (the first 100 years), Wang Qing, the prefect (prefect) of Jinan County (Zhangqiu City, Shandong Province), was appointed as the chief supervisor (doctor Yushi).
1. In spring, Liu Che (the seventh Emperor of Wu) of the Western Han Dynasty (capital Chang'an) traveled to the East China Sea. After returning to the capital Chang'an, he traveled back to China (northwest of Longxian County, Shaanxi Province).
2. The government of the Western Han Dynasty took military action against the Hun Khanate (the royal court set up Khalhelin City in Mongolia).
In summer, in May, Liu Che sent General Li Guangli of the Second Division to lead 30,000 cavalry troops out of Jiuquan County (Jiuquan City, Gansu Province) to attack the Tianshan Mountains (northeast of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region), the base of King Youxian of the Huns, and killed and captured 10,000 soldiers. Yu Ren, class teacher.The Xiongnu reinforcements pursued them, and the Ershi Corps was besieged on the way. The food shortage lasted for several days, and the number of dead and injured soldiers increased.Frustrated with nothing to do, Zhao Chongguo, a deputy military and political officer (false Sima) and a native of Kneeling West (Lintao County, Gansu Province), led a death squad of more than 100 people and launched an attack. , escaped and returned.In this battle, sixty-seven out of ten (more than 20,000 people) of the Ershi Corps died, and Zhao Chongguo suffered more than 20 injuries.Li Guangli reported the results of the battle, Liu Che summoned Zhao Chongguo to the palace, personally inspected the injury, sighed, and promoted him to be a royal guard (Zhong Lang).
Liu Che then dispatched Gongsun Ao, General Yinzhu, from Xihe County (southwest of Zhungeer Banner, Inner Mongolia) to leave the fortress, and with Lu Bode, Commander of the Qiangbow Corps (Captain of Qiangnu), in Zhuotu Mountain (that is, Zhuoxie Mountain · Mongolian State Ba Yanwen Lang Ershan) joined forces, but got nothing.
3. At the beginning, Li Ling, Li Guang's grandson, was a court attendant (servant), proficient in horseback riding and archery, and especially loved his subordinates.Liu Che believed that he had the demeanor of his grandfather, so he appointed him as the cavalry director (Captain Cavalry), commanding 5,000 soldiers from Danyang County (Xuanzhou City, Anhui Province) and Chu State (Pengcheng, the capital). , Zhangye County (Zhangye City, Gansu Province) to garrison, strengthen shooting training, and guard against the Huns in the north.Just as General Li Guangli of the Second Division attacked the Xiongnu, Liu Che summoned Li Ling to Chang'an and ordered him to protect the logistics supply route of the Second Division Corps.Li Ling kowtowed and asked to go to battle, saying: "The officers and soldiers I lead are all warriors, geniuses, and swordsmen from around the Chu state. Fang Jin advanced to distract the Xiongnu's attention and prevent the Xiongnu from concentrating on attacking the Second Division Corps." Liu Che said: "Aren't you unwilling to be someone else's subordinate? There are too many troops mobilized this time, and there are no horses for you." Li Ling Said: "I don't need horses, I would like to use less to attack the crowd, and use 5,000 infantry to crush Shanyu's royal court (Harhelin City, Mongolia). Moved by his lofty ambition, Liu Che agreed to his request.
So he issued an edict to Lu Bode, commander of the Strong Bow Corps, ordering him to go out to cover Li Ling when he retreated to the border.Lu Bode was ashamed to be Li Ling's assistant (Lu Bode had served as General Fubo, and he was unwilling to succumb to Li Ling, a rising star of the new generation), and wrote a memorial: "Now that autumn is approaching, the grass of the Xiongnu Khanate Fat, it is the time when the army is strongest, it is not suitable to attack, please order Li Ling to stop for a while, wait until the spring of next year (98 years ago), and set off at the same time." Liu Che suspected that Li Ling was suddenly timid and regretted, so he instigated Lu Bode to speak for him, and couldn't help being furious.On the one hand, he ordered Lu Bode to join forces with the Gongsun Ao corps that had left the fortress from Xihe County, and on the other hand, he ordered Li Ling to set off in September, from Zheluzhang (a castle built by Lu Bode in the ancient residence of Yanhai in Ejina Banner, Inner Mongolia) to Dongjunji Mountain (Altai Mountains, Gobi, Mongolia) Southern foot of Longle River (now submerged), conduct a powerful search, if no trace of the enemy is found, then retreat to the surrendered city (Xinhure, 50 kilometers east of Urad Central Banner, Inner Mongolia) to rest.
Li Ling led his 5,000 foot soldiers and set off on time.Exit from Juyan (Ejina Banner, Inner Mongolia) and advance northward.Thirty days later, he arrived at Dongjunji Mountain and set up camp. He drew a military map of the mountains and rivers he saw along the way, and sent a cavalryman, Chen Bule, to report to Chang'an first.Liu Che summoned him, and Chen Bule briefed him on the march, saying that Li Ling could be followed by the soldiers.Liu Che was very happy and appointed Chen Bule as the imperial guard (Lang).
However, at this moment, the situation changed rapidly.The 30,000-strong corps led by the Xiongnu Chanyu (ninth term) and the marquis himself had surrounded Li Ling.Li Ling's army was between the two mountains (the other mountain should be Xijunji Mountain, which is west of Dongjunji Mountain), and used grain trucks to deploy defenses around.Li Ling led his elite troops to camp outside the chariot formation and build fortifications.The soldiers in the front row held shields and halberds, while the archers in the rear row ambushed.The Xiongnu corps, seeing that the Han army was small in number, didn't care, and approached the position. Li Ling ordered the soldiers in the front row to fight hand-to-hand, and then returned to the trenches.When the Xiongnu pursued them, Li Ling's rear troops suddenly fired all arrows, and the Xiongnu soldiers fell to the ground in response.Li Ling's army tailed off and beheaded thousands of people.
Shuang and Hou was greatly shocked, and gathered reinforcements from the Western Corps and the Eastern Corps, a total of more than 80,000 people, and launched an attack again.Li Ling couldn't resist, so he retreated, fought and left, and went south.But no matter how powerful the infantry was, they could not get rid of the pursuit of the cavalry. The Xiongnu corps was divided into two wings and spread out left and right, sandwiching Li Ling's corps in the middle.A few days later, when they arrived at an unknown valley, Li Ling counterattacked and fought again, causing heavy casualties.Li Ling ordered: "Soldiers who have been injured more than three times can ride in the chariot. Those who have been injured more than two times can serve as drivers. Those who have been injured once can continue to fight." Then they counterattacked and beheaded more than 3,000 Xiongnu soldiers.Then turn to the southeast and follow the old road to Longcheng (this Longcheng refers to the former Nanshan Yuting, now Inner Mongolia Chahar Right Middle Banner), and walk for another four or five days to reach a pastoral area with lush reed grass.The Xiongnu regiment set fire to the wind, but Li Ling set fire to save himself first.Going south again, when they reached the hills, the Xiongnu Shanyu and the Marquis of the Huns looked out from the south mountain, and ordered the crown prince to lead the cavalry to attack.Li Ling saw from a distance that the Marquis of the Concubine was commanding on the mountain, and ordered to use the "Liannu" to shoot at a long distance (the Liannu, like a missile with multiple warheads, shoots several arrows with one string, and the arrows rain down, making it impossible to dodge). Run down the mountain in a hurry.
On the same day, the Xiongnu captive who was captured alive told Li Ling, saying: "Shanyu once had doubts: 'This is an elite soldier of the Han Dynasty. He is so tenacious. He lured us to the south and approached the frontier day and night. Could it be that there is an ambush ahead?' Hu Junchang) shouted together: "Shanyu Yujia personally led an army of tens of thousands of people to attack the Han Dynasty infantry who was only a few thousand people. If they can't be wiped out, how can they order the vassal state in the future and make the Han Dynasty more powerful?" Look down on the Huns. If you can't win in the valleys and forests, you will enter the plains forty or fifty miles ahead. If you can't win again, it's not too late.'”
At this time, the situation of Li Ling's army became more and more dangerous. The Xiongnu corps had a large number of people, and they fought dozens of rounds every day, but they still killed and wounded more than 2,000 Huns.The Huns were frustrated and decided to give up.However, at this moment, Guan Gan, a scout of Li Ling, was bullied by the commander (the school lieutenant) and escaped to join the Xiongnu, revealing the actual situation: "Li Ling has no backup, no ambush ahead, and the arrows And exhausted. Only General Li's guard force and commander Cheng'anhou Han Yannian's subordinates, about 800 people each, are fully armed and serve as vanguards. They use yellow flags and white flags respectively. If they use elite cavalry and concentrate their fire, they can break . . . " He jumped up from his horse in excitement, and ordered his subordinates to continue the attack.
The Xiongnu corps was determined to capture the enemy generals, and shouted during the attack: "Li Ling, Han Yannian, surrender quickly!" The army crossed Li Ling's corps and blocked the urgent attack on Li Ling's retreat.Li Ling was trapped in the valley, and the Xiongnu corps spread all over the mountain tops, concentrating their arrows and covering the sky.Li Ling's army broke through the siege, and then advanced forward, they will reach the Khan Mountain (Noyen Bogdo Mountain in the southwest of Mongolia). Li Ling led the remnants of the bloody battle. In one day, he fired 500,000 arrows. The arrows were finally exhausted and abandoned. Baggage vehicles.At this time, there were 3,000 warriors left, and their swords and guns had been broken, so they cut off the axles as weapons, and the civil servants retreated into the narrow valley with pens and knives for engraving (there was no paper at that time, so they used knives to engrave the characters on the bamboo slips).However, the encirclement circle of the Xiongnu Corps was getting smaller and smaller, and the Marquis himself covered the entrance of the valley, and rolled down the boulder from the mountain, and the sound shook the world.The casualties of soldiers increased, and the army could no longer move.
As dusk fell, Li Ling changed into plain clothes and went out of the camp alone. He was not allowed to protect him from the left and right, and said: "The man has reached this point, and the only way to capture Shanyu alive." However, after observing the situation, he turned back sadly, and sighed: "We have failed. Die here." He ordered all the flags to be cut down, buried valuable jewels in the ground, and then sighed and said: "God! God! Give us dozens of arrows and we can break through. Now, we have no weapons, Arrows. After dawn, the enemy attacks. We have no choice but to sit and be bound. It is better to disband and escape separately, hoping that someone will escape and return to the country to report to the emperor." Order the soldiers to bring two liters of food and a piece of ice (for drinking water) to each other It was agreed that those who arrived at Zheluzhang first (the ancient residence in Yanhai, Ejina Banner, Inner Mongolia) would wait for the comrades who arrived later.
In the middle of the night, Li Ling ordered to beat the war drum, but the war drum was broken and could not make a sound.Li Ling and Han Yannian got on their horses at the same time and led more than a dozen strong men to break out of the encirclement to the south.Thousands of Xiongnu cavalry pursued them, and the sky was covered with dust. Han Yannian died in battle.Li Ling said: "There is no face to repay the emperor." Surrender.His subordinates scattered and fled for their lives, and there were about 400 people who fled to the frontier.The place where Li Ling's army was defeated was only a hundred miles away from the frontier fortress.The frontier generals played the emperor, and Liu Che had hoped that Li Ling would die in battle.Later, when he heard the news of Li Ling's surrender, he was furious and accused Chen Bule. Chen Bule was frightened and committed suicide.
4. Since Liu Che was furious, government officials blamed Li Ling with one voice.Liu Che asked Sima Qian, the head of the Observatory (Tai Shiling), for his opinion. Sima Qian said: "Li Ling is filial to his parents and treats his soldiers with kindness and trust. Failed, those officials who lived in a safe place, embraced their wives and children, did not consider the hardships of the battlefield, but instead made troubles and fabricated traps, which made people sad. Li Ling led an infantry force of less than 5,000 people, went deep into the heart of the Huns Khanate, and fought against tens of thousands of powerful enemies It was too late for the Xiongnu to rescue the dying and heal the wounded, so they mobilized the armed forces of the whole country and besieged them on a large scale. Li Ling's troops fought for thousands of miles, and the arrows were dead. Although he was trapped in the enemy, the trauma he inflicted on the enemy is still enough to inspire the world. My opinion is that the reason why Li Ling survived was not because he really surrendered, but because he waited for the right time to serve the country.”
This unexpected answer made Liu Che furious, thinking that Sima Qian was defrauding and slandering others, trying to obstruct the Second Division Corps, and doing lobbying work for Li Ling.Therefore, Sima Qian was arrested and sentenced to corruption (that is, castration, cutting off the genitals).
After a long time, Liu Che regretted that Li Ling's corps was a lone army and there was no rescue, saying: "I should have ordered Lu Bode to respond after Li Ling set off. But I issued an edict in advance to make the old guy (Lu Bode) ashamed , use deceitful tactics." Then he sent someone to reward Li Ling's remnant army who had fled back.
*Sima Qian's "Bao Ren An Shu":
Li Ling and I both work in the palace, but we are casual acquaintances, and we are usually busy with each other. We neither have a drink together nor have a friendship with each other.Just look at his behavior, he is an intellectual who can stick to his position.Be filial to your parents, keep your friends, and be honest with money.No matter giving or receiving, there is no violation of justice.Even if there are disputes, he is always willing to give in by himself, respectful and simple, and treats others harmoniously. He often thinks of going to the country's emergency regardless of his own life.His aspirations are like this, I think he has the character of a national scholar.
It is amazing that a current government official is willing to risk his life, disregarding his wealth and life, to share the difficulties of the country.Unexpectedly, just because of an inappropriate reaction to one thing, those people who sit firmly in the high court, are safe, embrace their wives and children, and enjoy the glory and wealth, would gang up and frame them. I feel deeply saddened.
The infantry unit led by Li Ling, whose number was less than five thousand, penetrated into the heart of the Xiongnu and trampled on the royal court, which was tantamount to sending fat to the mouth of a tiger.Offending a powerful enemy, resisting the hundreds of millions of Xiongnu troops, and fighting the Xiongnu Shanyu continuously for more than ten days, the number of enemies killed far exceeded the losses of oneself.The Xiongnu rescued the dead, rushed to treat the wounded, and were exhausted.The Xiongnu kings and below were in shock, so they recruited the troops of their left and right kings, mobilized all those who could hold weapons, and poured all the strength of the whole country to launch a siege.Under such terrible pressure, Li Ling fought thousands of miles, shot out all arrows, cut off the road, and could not rescue soldiers.Soldiers were killed and wounded, and the wilderness was full.However, Li Ling raised his arms and called out, the soldier immediately jumped up, with tears in his eyes and blood on his clothes, suppressing the cry, he raised his empty bow and braved the snow-white blade to fight the enemy flesh and blood.
Before Li Ling's corps was wiped out, the envoys came to report the results of the battle, and the central government's princes, ministers and other senior officials all celebrated with carnival and sang praises to the emperor.A few days later, the news came that the emperor couldn't even tell the taste of food, and he couldn't be at peace when he attended court meetings.Senior officials are apprehensive and do not know what to do.I myself don't think that my status is lowly. Seeing the emperor's misery, I really want to present a piece of foolish loyalty.
I think that Li Ling usually shares weal and woe with his friends and colleagues, would rather sacrifice himself than help others, and the loyalty of his subordinates to die, even famous generals in ancient times, cannot surpass it.He was captured for a while, but judging from his usual thoughts and behaviors, it is believed that he is waiting for an opportunity to return to the country.Even if this is not the case, his attack on the Hun Khanate has all credits, and he can be worthy of heaven and earth.
Just when I was looking forward to reporting this opinion to the emperor, but there was no channel, the emperor happened to summon me and asked me about it. Based on this, I praised Li Ling's merits, hoping to relieve the emperor's anxiety and stop the slander to frame Li Ling.Unexpectedly, before I finished my sentence, the emperor thought that I was trying to obstruct the Second Division Corps and exonerate Li Ling, so he sent me to prison before he could hear me clearly.One piece of loyalty, all kinds of reports, are not believed.Finally, the judge's verdict was approved, and I was found guilty of "slandering the leader" and sentenced to corruption (genital mutilation).
According to the law, as long as a ransom is paid, they can be exonerated.Unfortunately, the family is poor and cannot afford that much money.No one among friends came to take a look, and no one was willing to lend a helping hand.None of my closest officers, colleagues, and relatives spoke a word for me. Only my flesh and blood was left behind, and I was abandoned in prison, facing the judges and guards alone.The prison is dark, who to complain to?This is what you saw with your own eyes, the facts of my crime, that's it.
Since Li Ling surrendered, his family’s reputation was ruined; and I was imprisoned in the silkworm room (the torture room for genital mutilation, sealed and sealed, with a fire to keep the air warm. After Gai’s execution, he should not be exposed to cold and wind. To keep the temperature. Therefore, the punishment room for corruption is called Jamshi), and it is ridiculed all over the world.Heaven!Heaven!So far, I have no regrets.There are some things that are not worth mentioning to ordinary people, but I will tell you: My ancestors were not the founding fathers of the Western Han Dynasty, and they held the Iron Coupon Danshu.The jobs I hold—astronomy, history, calendar, and astrology—are very similar to those of fortune tellers and wizards.We were originally puppets teased by the emperor, and they raised us like prostitutes. This industry has always been despised by the society.
So, if I were killed by the law, it would be like nine cows dropping a single hair. What is the difference between the death of an ant?The secular point of view will not think that I am dead, but will only affirm that I am mentally poor and have committed a heinous crime. I cannot get rid of the crime and have to die.Why do you have this idea?Just because I was born in a humble place, I don't make a deep impression on people on weekdays.Man, who can not die?However, some deaths are as important as Mount Tai, and some deaths are as light as a feather, and only the meaning of death is considered.
The most noble character is not to insult the ancestors, the second is not to humiliate oneself, the second is not to hurt self-esteem, the second is not to say groveling words, the second is to kneel and be humiliated, the second is to wear prison uniforms and be humiliated, the second is to wear instruments of torture, and be humiliated. Torture and humiliation, followed by shaved head, shackles and handcuffs, followed by mutilation of skin (such as tattooing), cutting off limbs (such as amputation), and the most shameful thing is corruption. punishment.Life is so humiliating.
An ancient book ("Book of Rites") says: "Punishment will not be imposed on high-level intellectuals." The main meaning is to protect the dignity of high-level intellectuals.The fierce tiger is in the deep mountains, and the beasts are terrified. Once they fall into the cage, they have to wag their tails and beg for food.Why?The reason is that after being under the pressure of coercion, the majesty will gradually disappear.Therefore, draw a circle on the ground and use it as a prison, and no virtuous person is willing to enter it.Even a virtuous person would not face a piece of wood to be used as an interrogator.I would rather commit suicide before being tortured.
But I was bound hand and foot, wearing torture tools, naked, tortured by them, and imprisoned in a prison surrounded by high walls.At this time, when he saw the jailer (watchman), he was afraid that he would beat him, so he knelt down involuntarily and touched his head to the ground.When I saw the judge (Li Zu), I was afraid that he would be unhappy, and I couldn't help being too frightened to breathe.Why?In order to be under the pressure of coercion, dignity gradually disappears.At this point in life, to say that you have not succumbed to humiliation or that you have not been humiliated is nothing more than thick skin.
Moreover, Ji Chang was an earl who was imprisoned in Yili (Tangyin County, Henan Province, 羑, sound you. In 1144 BC, the 31st emperor of the Shang Dynasty was tyrannized by Xin and arrested Ji Chang, the chief of the Zhou tribe. Later, Ji Fa, the son of Ji Chang, established the Zhou Dynasty and was honored as King Wen); Li Si was the prime minister and suffered five kinds of torture (face tattooing, nose cutting, beheading, whipping, and beheading); Han Xin was a prince, They were tortured in Chen County (Huaiyang County, Henan Province); Peng Yue and Zhang Ao, both facing the south, were also arrested and thrown into the Prison trial; Zhou Bo killed the Lu family to stabilize the country, and his power could shake the five tyrants, but he was still regarded as a criminal: Dou Ying, a general of the country, also wore the red prison clothes when he was executed, and wore three woods on his body—a belt around his neck. Shackles, shackles on feet, and handcuffs on hands; Ji Bu was chained around his neck and worked as a slave in Zhu's house: Guan Fu was bullied in the detention center.These people are princes and generals, and their reputation spreads abroad. Once they are caught by the law, they cannot commit suicide immediately, and they would rather live in the dust.Human nature, ancient and modern, is all like this, who can escape?
Therefore, bravery and cowardice are only caused by circumstances.Strong and fragile, but also a product of the environment.Knowing this, why are you surprised?In particular, it is not smart enough for a person to avoid the snare of the law as soon as possible.When it comes time to torture and plunder, but teach him not to give in, to stand proudly, that standard is even more difficult to achieve.This is the reason why the ancients were careful not to impose punishment on high-level intellectuals.
It is human nature to be greedy for life and afraid of death, to miss relatives, to be attached to wives and children.But once it is for justice and axiom, the situation is different, and they have the difficulty of having to do that.Unfortunately, I lost my parents since I was a child, and I have no brothers, so I am alone.In society, lonely and cold.How do you feel about my wife and children?Brave people don't have to be dead, cowards can shine everywhere as long as they have justice in their hearts.I am a coward, I just want to survive, but I also know the difference between choices, how can I endure torture and humiliation?Slaves and maids, when necessary, will commit suicide, not to mention the torture and humiliation I have suffered, even worse than slaves and maids?However, the reason why I bear the humiliation, drag out an existence, and would rather be tossed in the dung is that my private wish has not been fulfilled.If I die for nothing, my writing skills cannot be displayed in future generations.
In ancient times, those who were rich and honored during their lifetime but lost their reputation after death cannot be remembered carefully.Only very outstanding people can be praised.After Ji Chang was imprisoned, he deduced the sixty-four hexagrams from the gossip.After being besieged by the states of Chen and Cai, Confucius returned to the state of Lu to revise the Spring and Autumn Annals.Qu Yuan was exiled and wrote "Li Sao".Zuo Qiu was blind and wrote "Guo Yu".Sun Bin's feet were cut off, and "Sun Bin's Art of War" was left behind.Lu Buwei was demoted to Shu County, and "Lu's Spring and Autumn" spread to the world.Han Fei was arrested by the Qin Kingdom and wrote "Speak Difficulty" and "Lonely Anger".And the three hundred articles are mostly works that the sages were dissatisfied with.
The hearts of the people are sad and angry, and there is no channel to appeal, so they recount the stories of the past and look forward to the future.Zuo Qiuming lost his eyes, Sun Bin lost his feet, and they became useless people, but they took a step back and wrote books to balance their anger.Through words, he showed his great ambitions.Forgive my ignorance of humility, I put myself into useless essays (referring to "Historical Records"), collect the world's past news and past events, analyze them comprehensively, investigate the origin and end of events, and discover the track of success or failure, starting from Ji Xuanyuan and going down Up to today (1st century BC), ten "tables", twelve "benji", eight "books", thirty "family" and seventy "biographies" have been written, a total of 130 articles.It is used to study the relationship between nature, human affairs, and mutual response, to understand the different changes in ancient and modern times, and to express my own unique analysis and insights.
However, at this time, he suffered a catastrophe.Pity this hard work, it will be wasted.This enabled me to face the torture without getting angry.Once this book is completed, I hope to hide it in a famous mountain and pass it on to appropriate people, so that it can be spread to cities with convenient transportation and large population.In order to make up for the humiliation I suffered before, even though I have been executed thousands of times, I do not regret it.However, this kind of intention can only be expressed to wise people, and it is difficult to express it to secular people.
Those who have been punished are not easily respected.Low status, but vulnerable to criticism.I got into this tragic disaster because of my talkativeness, which caused the ridicule of my relatives and friends in the village.My actions have insulted my ancestors, so what face do I have to visit my parents' graves?Even after hundreds of generations, the dirt still cannot be washed away.Therefore, my heart turns nine times a day. Although I live at home and feel in a trance, it seems that I have lost something.When you go out, you don't know where to go.Every time I think of this shame, I sweat profusely and drenched my clothes.In a word, right and wrong cannot be determined until the day of death.
*Ban Gu said:
Based on "Zuoshi Chunqiu" and "Guoyu", Sima Qian adopted "Shiben" and "Warring States Policy" to continue the subsequent events, describing the war between the Western Chu Kingdom and the Han Kingdom until the Western Han Dynasty.He wrote very detailed histories of the Qin Dynasty and the Western Han Dynasty.However, some of his historical materials come from the "Classics" and some from the "Biography", which disperses things, and many omissions are omitted, and they even contradict each other.It seems that he has covered a wide range of subjects and learned profound knowledge. He has integrated the scattered "classics" and "biography", galloping through ancient and modern times, up and down for thousands of years, and it can be said that he is very attentive.However, the standard of right and wrong he set is very absurd, and it is not the same as a saint.
When commenting on major events in the world, Sima Qian first praised Huang Lao (Taoist school), and then praised the six classics of Confucian school.Admiring knight-errants while ignoring Confucian scholars who lived in seclusion and were not officials, encouraged traitors.Emphasis on social economy ("Historical Records" has "Huo Zhi Zhuan"), and pay attention to profit and wealth, making people think that being poor and humble is a humiliation.This is his shortcoming.
However, Liu Xiang and Yang Xiong were knowledgeable, and they unanimously praised Sima Qian as a talent of good history, and admired him for his clarity, simplicity but not ostentation, elegance and not sarcasm.The article is frank, the historical records are solid, no false praises are made, and no crimes are hidden.Therefore, it can be called a record.
However, with Sima Qian's knowledge and knowledge, he didn't know how to protect himself.Now that I have been sentenced to death, I can believe the words in "Bao Ren An Shu" written in anger.It can be seen that the reason why he complains about himself is nothing but the complaints of eunuchs in "The Book of Songs·Xiaoya" (in nature, there are "Daya" and "Xiaoya", but there is no clear boundary and no clear definition. Probably : "Daya" involves the world, the universe, the country, and war. "Xiaoya" is mostly a personal sentimentality, expressing feelings), and only "Daya" is very wise and wise, and can protect oneself, but Sima Qian can't do it.
*Wang Fuzhi said:
Sima Qian completed "Historical Records" with selfishness.It was very appropriate for Ban Gu to ridicule him for being unfaithful.Li Lingzhi's crimes in surrendering to the enemy are obvious and cannot be concealed.If it is said that he alone resisted the Xiongnu, and he led 5,000 infantry out of the fortress, it was Li Ling himself who showed off his bravery, and it was not Liu Che's order that made him unable to refuse.Li Ling's whole family was killed, but Li Xu was blamed (refer to 1997).等到后来李广利远征匈奴，李陵率三万余骑兵追击，转战九日，难道也是李绪干的？如果说李陵被单于控制，不得不被驱使，难道匈奴除了李陵，便没有可以任用的大将？如果李陵有模棱两可之心，匈奴如何能交给他重兵？使他深入中国疆土，而跟中国军队对抗？
司马迁替李陵遮盖过失，唯恐遮盖不住，并对李陵祖父李广赞不绝口，褒扬他们世代勋业。司马迁那种背弃公义，图利于死党的话，怎么可以相信？
Bo Yang said:
刘彻本来希望用李陵的性命，作为他皇冠上的荣耀，所以一听说李陵被俘，便大失所望，老羞成怒。既已肯定李陵有罪，又何必再询问司马迁的意见？司马迁的回答，如果不对，可以不听，可以斥责，可以逐出政府。何至诛杀？更何至刁钻恶毒，指定割掉生殖器？西汉政府法律三百五十九种，死罪四百零九项，判例一万三千四百七十二条，不知道用什么理由，选择腐刑？有人说刘彻爱司马迁的才华，才减死一等。司马迁的罪不至死，而减死一等，还有鞭打，又为什么非腐刑不可。唯一的解释是，刘彻喜欢这个调调，称之为“屌帝”或“割屌皇帝”，应是最恰当的绰号，尤其他用违背诚信的残酷手段，对待一个手无寸铁的文化人，而罪状又不过是一句话没有称他的心、如他的意。
班固之论司马迁，首先是抨击他提倡游侠，注意社会经济，远离圣人之道；而所谓圣人，都是儒家学派的高级知识分子，可看出儒家思想定于一尊后的遗毒——完全剥夺人们的独立思考能力和想像能力，只要超过“圣人”的圈圈，就有文化打手，愤然出拳。其次是讥刺司马迁智慧不高，不足以明哲保身，并由司马迁之不能明哲保身，证明他的《史记》不过是宦官们的自悲自怜的作品。这种逻辑，不但不知所云，还包含一种轻佻。班固写这篇文章之时，正是他依靠财势双全的皇亲国戚窦宪，大红大紫之际，显然认为他的明哲，已使他觅得了安全保证，万无一失。想不到窦宪霎时间被捕，冰山倒塌（参考九二年），班固在监狱里被执行死刑。依照他自己的推理，他的“明哲”可是更差，他的《汉书》又算什么东西？
王夫之的见识，较之班固，更等而下之。王夫之指出班固讥司马迁不忠，但班固在上述的评论中，并没有此项讥讽。王夫之指控李陵嫁祸于李绪，这种说法，可谓恶毒。李陵已全族被屠，有何祸可嫁？至于李陵追击李广利兵团，那是在全族被屠之后，和西汉王朝已恩断义绝。儒家学派祖师爷孔丘的《春秋》大义，认为九世复仇都可以（参考前一〇—年），为什么李陵被认为例外？司马迁跟李陵不过相识而已，只因说了几句皇帝听了大怒的话，一千八百年后的王夫之，立刻发明司马迁跟李陵竟是“死党”。在王夫之看来，左拉跟德莱弗斯，孙观汉跟柏杨，更是“死党”无疑。一个以正直自命的人，心灵却如此龌龊。
古人云：“不知其人观其友。”事实上不知其人也可以观其敌。班固不过窦家班的马屁虫，才说《史记》有背圣人。王夫之不过一位传统腐儒，目光短小，冥顽不灵。然而，最妙的还有一位王允，这位脑筋像一盆糨糊，激起兵变，一发而使东汉王朝不可收拾的酱缸蛆，却称《史记》是一部谤书（参考一九二年四月），更使我们喷饭。
然而，无论赞扬司马迁也好，攻击司马迁也好，却没有人检讨“屌帝”刘彻的兽行。这不仅涉及基本人权，而且涉及人类尊严，性心理学专家尤其应该研究研究刘彻变态程度，使这个老流氓，无所遁形。
5、刘彻用严厉的法令，控制全国，特别喜爱酷吏。各郡郡长、各封国宰相以及各封国首府警备区司令（二千石为治者），大多数都残暴无情，而小吏和人民犯法的却越来越多。东方（函谷关以东）各地，盗贼蜂起，大的成群结队，多达数千人，攻打城市，夺取军械库的兵器，救出监牢里的死囚，逮捕郡长、民兵司令（都尉），杀戮高级官员；小的也集结数百人，劫掠乡村行旅，以致路断人绝。刘彻采取更严厉的手段镇压，命总监察官（御史中丞）、宰相府秘书长（长史），负责监督，但无法禁止。于是派遣特级国务官（光禄大夫）范昆、曾任部长（九卿）的张德等，当“绣衣戒严官”（刘彻设“绣衣直指"，穿特制的绣花官服，临时任命指派，负责捕治盗贼，主持大的讼狱，事毕即行撤销。“直指”，表示直指事件，毫不阿私。穿绣花官服，表示特别尊荣，具有特别权力），“持节”，并携带虎符，到各郡各封国，调发正规军征剿。面积大一点的郡，能一次诛杀一万余人；加上供给匪徒饮食的跟连坐的普通人民，纵是面积小一点的郡，也诛杀数千人。
几年之后，有时也逮捕到变民的领袖。然而，正规军逃亡的散兵游勇，跟残余的或新起的变民结合，重又占山为盗，聚集在一起，政府也无可奈何。刘彻仍认为法令不够严苛，于是，颁布《沉命法》：“有了盗贼，官员没有发觉，或虽然发觉，逮逋的盗贼人数不成比例的，上自郡长、民兵司令、封国首府警备区司令（都是二千石），下到最低最小的小吏，以及跟治安有关的官员，一律处死。”结果是，小吏们恐惧处死，地方上虽然有盗贼，也不敢承认，唯恐呈报了上级之后，不能捕获，连累郡政府高级官员，郡政府官员也盼望小吏们不提出报告。于是，盗贼一天比一天增多，上下互相掩饰，靠着虚伪的公文来往，逃避法网。
Bo Yang said:
全国到此，已陷混乱，原因只有一个：“官逼民反”，由于官吏的贪污残暴和无情的冤狱，使人哭天无泪，面临抗暴或死亡的选择。压力只能使表面平静，暴政不除，混乱不止。纯靠压力已是愚不可及，再发明《沉命法》，统治者的头脑有时候真是狗屎做的，又多一例证。狗屎头脑的思考方式是单线的一厢情愿，用杀戮来督促官吏肃清盗贼，却没有想到反使盗贼更多，而且更为公开。
消灭变民的唯一方法是政治清廉和司法公平，不能纯靠杀戮。
6、这时候，暴（姓）胜之当绣衣戒严官（绣衣直指），很多郡长（二千石）以下的官吏，都死在他手，威名震动各郡。暴胜之到勃海郡（河北省沧州市东南）时，听说居民隽（音juan）不疑贤明，请来相见。隽不疑容貌严肃，衣冠华丽整齐。暴胜之没有穿好木屐便出来迎接，登堂入室，分宾主坐定，隽不疑俯身，双手按地（席地而坐，用俯身表示敬意），说：“我生在海边，久已听到暴先生的大名，而今蒙你赐给荣耀接见我，十分感谢。凡是一个官员，太刚强时，一定折断；太软弱时，则万事都废。威力既然展示，再施恩德，然后才能树立功勋，扬名天下，保持到永远。”暴胜之深记他的告诫。等到回京（首都长安），上奏章推荐隽不疑。刘彻召见，任命隽不疑当青州（山东省东部）督导官（刺史）。
济南郡（山东省章丘市）人王贺，也当绣衣戒严官（绣衣御史），搜捕魏郡（河北省临漳县西南邺镇）盗贼，执法宽厚，救活了很多人，却被认为工作不力，免职。他叹息说：“我听说，救一千人活命，子孙必有封爵，我救活的有一万余人，后代必有人兴起。”
7、本年（前九九年），西汉政府封匈奴降王（介和王）成娩当开陵侯，命率领楼兰国（新疆维吾尔自治区若羌县）军队，攻击车师国（新疆维吾尔自治区吐鲁番市）。匈奴汗国派右贤王率数万骑兵赴救。成娩兵团失利，撤退。
1、春季，二月，西汉王朝（首都长安）最高监察长（御史大夫）王卿，有罪自杀。西汉帝（七任武帝）刘彻（本年五十九岁）擢升首都长安警备区司令（执金吾）杜周继任。（前一〇四年，西汉政府改“中尉”为“执金吾”。金吾，一种鸟名，据说此鸟避凶趋吉，象征祥瑞。皇帝出游，先导官高举此鸟雕像，作为庞大卫队前导。）
2、西汉政府开始实施酒类专卖。
3、三月，刘彻前往泰山，添土加封，在皇家大会堂（明堂）祭祀，就在那里审查全国官员考绩。回程中，到恒山（在河北省唐县西北）祭祀，把墨玉埋在祭坛之下。
派往各地庙宇神坛等候神仙以及到海上寻求蓬莱仙境的道家法术师（方士），都没有结果。只公孙卿仍以巨大脚迹神迹，作为根据（参考前一一〇年），坚持确有神仙。但刘彻已兴趣索然，对法术师那一套，开始厌倦。不过，对他们仍旧照顾，希望遇到真有本领的人。也正因为这个原因，更多法术师传播神迹，而效果在意料之中。
4、夏季，四月，大旱，赦天下。
5、秋季，匈奴汗国（王庭设蒙古国哈尔和林市）攻入雁门郡（山西省右玉县），雁门郡郡长（姓名不详）被控畏缩胆怯，绑到街市斩首。
1、春季，四月，西汉王朝（首都长安）皇帝（七任武帝）刘彻（本年六十岁）在甘泉宫（陕西省淳化县西北）接受各封国国君（王爵、侯爵）朝觐。
2、西汉政府征发七种贱民（一、犯罪小吏，二、逃亡囚犯。三、赘婿。四、商人。五、曾经犯过罪登记有案。六、父母曾经犯过罪登记有案。七、祖父母曾经犯过罪登记有案）及志愿从军的勇士。命贰师将军李广利率骑兵六万、步兵七万，从朔方郡（内蒙古杭锦旗北黄河南岸）出塞；强弓兵团司令（强弩都尉）路博德率一万余人跟贰师兵团会合。游击将军韩说，率步兵三万人，从五原郡（内蒙古包头市）出塞。因杅将军公孙敖率骑兵一万人、步兵三万人，由雁门郡（山西省右玉县）出塞。
匈奴汗国（王庭设蒙古国哈尔和林市）得到情报，把军民辎重全部迁移到余吾水（土拉河。发源于肯特山，流经乌兰巴托市南，向西转北，注入鄂尔浑河）以北。单于（九任）挛鞮且鞮侯亲率十万大军，在余吾水南岸迎战，缠斗十数日，李广利撤退，其他部队也没有斩获。公孙敖跟匈奴左贤王接触，失利，也撤退。刘彻命公孙敖深入匈奴心脏后，想办法迎接李陵。而竟战败，遂向刘彻报告：“在俘虏口中，原来是李陵教导匈奴如何因应，所以我们没有战果。”刘彻火冒三丈，下令屠杀李陵全家。不久，接到情报，原来教导匈奴的不是李陵，而是另一位降将李绪。
李陵悲痛之余，派人刺杀李绪（接：李陵杀错了人，凶手是刘彻）。匈奴皇太后（挛鞮且鞮侯的娘亲，大阏氏）为李绪报仇，要杀李陵。挛鞮且鞮侯把李陵藏到北方，一直等到皇太后（大阏氏）逝世，李陵才回王庭。单于把女儿嫁给李陵，封他右校王。跟卫律同时受到尊重，并掌握权柄。不过卫律常在王庭，而李陵常在外地，遇到军国大事，才到王庭会商。
3、夏季，四月，刘彻封皇子刘髆（音bo）当昌邑王（首府昌邑）。
1、春季，正月，西汉王朝（首都长安）因杅将军公孙敖的妻子，被控“巫蛊”，西汉帝（七任武帝）刘彻（本年六十一岁）下令腰斩公孙敖，屠杀全族。（“巫”是一种能用祭祀或咒语驱使鬼神降祸福于人的法师，女性则称女巫。“蛊”音gu。一种神秘的毒虫，看不见，摸不着，听不到声音，闻不到气味。一旦进入人体，百药罔效，痛苦而死。）
Bo Yang said:
这是“巫蛊”在第一次出现，紧接着是一连串屠杀。用现代眼光来看，“巫蛊”使人失笑，但我们不能笑，因为它充满血腥。我们也不应笑，只要是专制独裁制度，只要所谓的“领袖”拥有无限权力，一定会有“巫蛊”——每个时代有每个时代特有的“巫蛊”，作为暴行的借口。
2、刘彻强迫各郡、各封国富豪士绅，移民到茂陵（陕西省兴平市东北，刘彻坟墓所在）。
3、夏季，六月，赦天下。
4、本年（前九六年），匈奴汗国单于（九任）挛鞮且鞮侯逝世。挛鞮且鞮侯有两个儿子，长子挛鞮狐鹿姑当左贤王（一等爵），次子（名不详）当东部兵团司令（左大将军，五等爵）。挛鞮狐鹿姑在外，来不及赶回来。皇族会议认为他有病，改立东部兵团司令（左大将军）当单于。挛鞮狐鹿姑将近王庭，听到消息，不敢前进。东部兵团司令（左大将军）愿意让位，派人去请老哥，老哥疑虑，推辞说确实有病。东部兵团司令（左大将军）坚持，说：“你现在一定要来，真有病的话，等你死了，再把宝座传给我。”挛鞮狐鹿姑答应，即位（十任），封东部兵团司令（左大将军）当左贤王。几年之后，左贤王先死，他的儿子挛鞮先贤掸不能继承左贤王（左贤王必须是王储），于是，封挛鞮先贤掸当日逐王，封太子当左贤王。
1、春季，正月，西汉王朝（首都长安）皇帝（七任武帝）刘彻（本年六十二岁）出游回中（陕西省陇县西北）。
2、最高监察长（御史大夫）杜周逝世，刘彻擢升特级国务官（光禄大夫）暴胜之继任。
3、秋季，旱灾。
4、赵国（首府邯郸）高级国务官（中大夫）白公（名不详），向中央政府建议，兴筑以灌溉为目标的渠圳（音zhen，水沟），在谷口（陕西省礼泉县东北）引导泾水（渭水支流）的水，从栎阳（陕西省临潼县）注入渭水。南北二百里，可灌溉四千五百余顷，命名白渠。农民受到益处，收获更丰。
1、春季，正月，西汉王朝（首都长安）皇帝（七任武帝）刘彻（本年六十三岁），前往甘泉宫（陕西省淳化县西北）。
二月，刘彻前往东海郡（山东省郯城县），捕获赤色鸿雁。再前往琅邪郡（山东省胶南市），再到成山（山东省荣成市东北成山角）祭拜日神，登之罘（山东省烟台市北之罘山），在大海上遨游，然后返回长安。
2、本年，皇子刘弗陵生。刘弗陵的娘亲，是河间国（首府乐成）人，姓赵，封“婕妤”（婕妤，音jieyu。西汉王朝宫廷妃子的位号，到七任武帝刘彻末年，有所变动，“夫人”取消。一级“婕妤”，位比宰相，爵比亲王。二级“娙娥”，位比上卿，爵比封侯。三级“容华”，位比中二千石，爵比关内侯。四级“充衣”，位比真二千石，爵比大上造。五级“美人”，位比二千石，爵比少上造。六级“良人”，位比千石，跨比中更。七级“八子”，位比千石，爵比左更。八级“七人”，位比八百石，爵比右庶长。九级“长使”，位比八百石，爵比左庶长。十级“少使”，位比六百石，爵比五大夫），住钩弋宫，怀孕十四月生刘弗陵。刘彻说：“听说伊祁放勋（黄帝王朝六任帝尧帝）也是十四个月才生。赵婕妤生这个孩子，也正好如此。”遂把钩弋宫的宫门，命名尧母门。
Sima Guang said:
当人民的领袖，一个举动或一项措施，都不可以不谨慎。既从内心发动，必然对外显露，天下就统统得知。那个时候，皇后卫子夫、太子刘据，都安然健在，而竟然把赵婕妤所住钩弋宫的门命名尧母，不是正常现象。奸邪的人揣摩主上的意向，知道他心爱幼子，打算作为合法继承人。陷害皇后、太子的阴谋，遂告产生。而卒于爆发巫蛊灾难（参考前九一年），至堪悲痛。
3、赵国（首府邯郸）人江充，本来当水利总监（水衡都尉。部长级官员，二千石）。最初，江充在赵王（敬肃王）刘彭祖（六任景帝刘启子）的王府当门客，冒犯了王太子刘丹，逃亡到首都长安，向皇帝告发刘丹的隐私，刘丹因此受到罢黜。刘彻召见，江充一表人才，容貌伟壮，穿着轻细华丽。刘彻暗中称奇，谈论国家大事，大为高兴，从此对江充十分宠爱，任命他当绣衣戒严官（绣衣直指使者），派他督察皇亲国戚跟亲近臣僚们的不法行为。江充检举弹劾，毫无顾忌，刘彻认为他忠心耿耿。而江充所作的建议，都正是刘彻所想做的。
有一次，江充曾经跟随刘彻去甘泉宫，正碰到太子刘据派往皇宫的信差，在御用大道（驰道）上奔驰，江充把他逮捕，交付审判。刘据得到消息，派人向江充道歉说：“我并不是爱惜我的部下，只是不想使皇上知道，认为我平时没有对部下好好教导，敬请江先生从宽处理。”江充拒绝，径自上奏。刘彻说：“当臣僚的，应该如此。”对江充更为信任，江充的声威，震动首都长安。
1、春季，三月，西汉王朝（首都长安）皇帝（七任武帝）刘彻（本年六十四岁）前往泰山。
三月二十五日，刘彻在皇家大会堂（明堂）祭祀刘邦（西汉王朝一任帝），使刘邦陪同上帝。遂在皇家大会堂审查全国公务人员考绩。
三月二十六日，刘彻在皇家大会堂祭祀老爹刘启（六任景帝）。
三月二十七日，增添泰山封土。
三月二十九日，在石闾（泰山南麓·山东省泰安市南）祭祀地神。
夏季，四月，刘彻前往不其山（山东省青岛市北）。
五月，刘彻返回首都长安，前往建章宫。Forgive the world.
2、冬季，十月二十九日，日食。
3、十二月，刘彻前往雍县（陕西省凤翔县）祭祀五色帝（参考前一六五年）。再西行，到安定郡（宁夏回族自治区固原县）、北地郡（甘肃省庆阳县西北马岭镇）。
1、春季，正月，西汉王朝（首都长安）皇帝（七任武帝）刘彻（本年六十五岁）返回首都长安，前往建章宫（陕西省西安市西北）。
2、三月，赵（敬肃）王（首府邯郸）刘彭祖逝世。
刘彭祖娶江都（易）王（首府广陵）刘非（刘彭祖的老哥）的宠姬淖姬（淖姬跟刘非的儿子刘建通奸事，参考前一二一年），生子，名刘淖子。时淖姬的哥哥在皇宫当宦官，刘彻召见他，问：“淖子这个人如何？”老舅说：“欲望太多。”刘彻说：“欲望太多的人，不适合当国君。”又问刘彭