Chapter 36 1990s BC (110-101 BC)
1. In winter, in October, the emperor of the Western Han Dynasty (capital Chang'an) (seventh Emperor Wu) Liu Che (47 years old this year) issued an edict: "The Kingdom of Nanyue (the capital of Panyu) and the Kingdom of the East China Sea (the capital of Dongou) are all guilty of offending Our country received the punishment it deserved (the Kingdom of the East China Sea did not offend the Han Dynasty, and the Western Han government sent troops to expel foreign invaders on its behalf, but at this time it was slipped and listed as criminals. Refer to 138 years ago), but the Western Man (referring to Dian Kingdom, etc.), Beiyi (referring to the Xiongnu Khanate, etc.), there is no sign of getting along with us in peace, I will personally lead the army to patrol the frontier. Now, appoint twelve commanders of the corps, and I will directly command them.” So he himself Depart from Yunyang (Chunhua County, Shaanxi Province) and head north, pass Shangjun (Nanyuhebao, Yulin City, Shaanxi Province), Xihe (southwest of Zhungeer Banner, Inner Mongolia), Wuyuan (Baotou City, Inner Mongolia), leave the Great Wall, and board the Danyutai (North of Hohhot, Inner Mongolia), and then to Shuofang (North South Bank of the Yellow River, Hangjin Banner, Inner Mongolia), arrived at the Yellow River, mobilized 180,000 cavalry, with flags for more than a thousand miles, to show military power and exert pressure on the Xiongnu.
Then Guo Ji, the envoy, was sent to the Xiongnu to inform Shan Yu (sixth term) Wu Wei: "The head of the king of South Vietnam has been hung on the north gate of the capital Chang'an (after Zhao Jiande, the king of South Vietnam was captured, he was granted the title of Marquis of Shuyang, but he was not executed) If Shan Yu is able to fight, the Son of Heaven will wait at the border in person; if he cannot fight, he should surrender to China. It is really not an option to simply flee to the north of the desert (the vast sea desert), where the climate is bitter and cold and there is no water and grass.” After finishing speaking, Uwe became furious and ordered that the protocol officer (the one who met the guest) who had guided Guo Ji to meet him be beheaded immediately, Guo Ji was detained, and Beihai (Siberia Lake Baikal) was imprisoned.However, Uwe was still terrified and made no further reaction.
Liu Che's class teacher worshiped the tomb of Huangdiji Xuanyuan in Qiaoshan (northwest of Zichang County, Shaanxi Province).Going south again, he arrived at Xuru (the current location is unknown), and ordered demobilization (Shi Bing).Liu Che asked: "I heard that Ji Xuanyuan did not die, but there is his tomb. What's going on?" Gongsunqing said: "Ji Xuanyuan's body ascended to heaven, but the ministers yearned for the old lord and wore his clothes in his lifetime. Bury with hat." Liu Che sighed and said: "When I ascend to heaven, the ministers will probably bury my clothes in Dongling." Taiyi Altar.
2. Liu Che thought that Bu Shi was not good at diction, so he was demoted to be the prince's master (Prince Taifu), and appointed Erkuan as the acting chief inspector (Yushi doctor).
3. The army of the Han Dynasty entered the territory of the Minyue Empire (capital Dongye).The fighting forces of the Fujian and Yue Empires have guarded the strategic points respectively, and sent General Yubei (name unknown) to guard Wulin (Yugan County, Jiangxi Province).A soldier of the Louchuan Corps of the Han Dynasty, a native of Qiantang (Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province), Yuan Zhonggu, beheaded General Lieutenant in a battle.However, Wu Yang, Marquis of Yan, who was entrusted by the former Nanyue Kingdom, who was taken in by Minyue, led a rebellion of 700 militiamen under him, and counterattacked the Minyue army stationed in Hanyang (unknown today).Hou Ao of Jiancheng (surname unknown) entrusted by the Minyue Empire and Yueyao King Luo Jugu (the son of Yueyao King Luo Chou, refer to 135 years ago), turned against and killed the Minyue Emperor (Emperor Wu) Luo Yushan, and the whole country surrender.
Liu Che granted the final title of Yuanzhan as Marquis of Yuer, Wu Yang as Marquis of Maoshi, Luo Juku as Marquis of Dongcheng, Ao (surname unknown) as Marquis of Kailing, General of Henghai Han Yuedang as Marquis of Dao, and General of Henghai Corps Fu (surname unknown) was appointed Marquis of Liaochao, and Duojun (surname unknown) of the Minyue Empire was granted the title of Marquis of Wuxi.
Liu Che believed that Minzhong (Fujian Province, the former home of the Minyue Empire) had a ferocious terrain, dangerous roads, and the residents kept turning back and forth. They were enemies of the Han Dynasty. The future is unpredictable and may eventually become a serious disaster for future generations.So it was ordered to relocate all the local residents to the Jianghuai Plain between the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River, and central Fujian (Fujian Province) became a vacuum.
4. In spring and the first lunar month, Liu Che traveled to Goushi (southeast of Yanshi County, Henan Province) to worship in the Taishi of Zhongyue Songshan (northeast of Dengfeng County, Henan Province).The entourage waited at the foot of the mountain, and vaguely heard a voice shouting "Long live" three times.Liu Che issued an order to the sacrificial officials to expand the Taishi Temple, prohibiting the cutting of nearby vegetation, and put the 300 households under the mountain under the Taishi Temple as fiefs, and then went east to the sea (maybe the East China Sea, the Yellow Sea, or the Bohai Sea) , collectively referred to as "sea" in ancient times), offering sacrifices to the eight gods (eight gods: gods of heaven, gods of earth, gods of soldiers, gods of yin, gods of yang, gods of the moon, gods of the sun, and gods of the four seasons. Refer to 219 years ago).There are tens of thousands of letters from the state of Qi (the capital Linzi) stating gods, monsters and secret prescriptions.Liu Che was very excited, and sent more ships to make thousands of people who claimed to have seen the fairy mountain on the sea go to the sea to invite the true god of Penglai (where the fairy mountain is located).
Then send Gongsunqing to "hold the festival" and often go to famous mountains to wait for the fairy trail.Gongsunqing went to Donglai (Laizhou City, Shandong Province) and claimed to have seen a giant several feet high at night, but when he went to approach him, he suddenly disappeared, leaving behind huge footprints, like a monster.The officials said that they saw an old man leading a dog and claiming to see the "Great Duke" (implying the emperor), but he disappeared in an instant.Liu Che personally inspected the giant's footprints, but he was not convinced. Later, he followed the officials and talked about the old man, thinking that it might be a god, so Liu Che stayed at the seaside, waiting for a miracle, and ordered the magician (alchemist) to use the government stagecoach.There are as many as thousands of people who seek the fairy trail at one time.
In summer, in April, Liu Che returned west and arrived at Fenggao (east of Tai'an City, Shandong Province, the county where the Taishan County Government is located), and first went to Liangfu (southeast of Tai'an City) to worship the earth god, one of the eight gods.
On April 15th, Liu Che ordered his court attendants (servants) and Confucian scholars (Confucians) to change into hunting attire, wear a buckskin hat, and tie a wat board around his waist with a ribbon to participate in the cattle shooting ceremony (ancient Before the grand ceremony, the emperor must shoot the cow himself, which means killing himself).First go to the east of Mount Tai, worship the gods (Feng), imitate the etiquette of Taiyi altar, and build an altar, twelve feet wide and nine feet high.Buried under the altar is the "jade ultimatum" (a memorial engraved on jade) that Liu Che played to the gods. The content is extremely secret and no one knows.
After the ceremony was over, Liu Che alone led the court entourage (servant), the director of the imperial chariot (the captain of Fengche) Huo Zihou (the son of Huo Qubing), to climb Mount Tai, and then held the grand ceremony, which was the top secret.On the second day, descend from Taishan North Road.
On April 16th, Liu Che offered sacrifices to the God of Earth (Zen) in Suran Mountain (northeast of Laiwu City, Shandong Province) at the foot of Mount Tai, imitating the etiquette of the earth altar after the sacrifice.Liu Che prostrated in person, and his clothes were all yellow, accompanied by sacred music (the Western Han Dynasty always used red as a symbol, but now it has changed to yellow. For decades, "fire morality", "tu morality" and "changing clothes color" have caused a mess, and now change silently).Use thick thatched grass with more than three knots from the Jianghuai Plain (between the Yangtze and Huaihe Rivers) as a gift; use five colors of soil (blue soil in the east, red soil in the south, white soil in the west, black soil in the north, and loess in the middle) to build an altar—the Fengchan Temple.At night, there seems to be a ray of light; during the day, there seems to be a ray of white clouds faintly emanating from the altar.
After Liu Che granted Zen (climbing Mount Tai to offer sacrifices to heaven and earth), he sat in the Royal Assembly Hall (the Taishan County Government is located 2 kilometers southwest of the height, and there is the Royal Assembly Hall of the Qin Dynasty, which is where Liu Che sat. The Royal Assembly Hall of the Western Han Dynasty will be built next year. ), big and small officials took turns to sing praises.Liu Che was full of ambition and issued an edict saying: "With a small body, I inherit a very noble high position and work hard. I am afraid that my morals will be shallow and I don't understand rituals and sacred music, so I respect the eight gods (the gods of heaven, the gods of the earth, the gods of war, the gods of Yin, the gods of Yang, God of the Moon, God of the Sun, God of the Four Seasons), praying for guidance. Received the gods of heaven and earth, rewarding auspiciousness, and the voice can be heard. Shocked by the strange scene, I wanted to stop it but dared not. So I climbed Mount Tai to worship the sky (seal), climbed the beam Father sacrifices to the ground (Zen), and then prostrates, and seriously reflects on himself; I am willing to start a new life with all officials and Confucian intellectuals (scholar-officials) from now on. It is stipulated that: this year (110 years ago) From October, it was renamed the first year of Yuanfeng. The places where Fengchan passed: Bo County (Tai'an City, Shandong Province), Fenggao, Sheqiu (East of Feicheng City, Shandong Province), Licheng (Jinan City, Shandong Province), Liangfu, farmers All land taxes that should be paid or owed in the past will be exempted. Businessmen’s taxes will no longer be collected this year. All people in the country who have official ranks will be promoted to one level.” It is also stipulated that the emperor will visit once every five years and hold the Fengchan (climbing Mount Tai At the grand ceremony of offering sacrifices to heaven and earth, all feudal states were ordered to build hotels under Mount Tai, so as not to be overcrowded temporarily and have no place to live.
5. Liu Che completed the major event of Fengchan (climbing Mount Tai to worship heaven and earth) without encountering wind and rain. The magician (alchemist) even vowed that the gods of Penglai (the fairy mountain in the sea) might invite them. Liu Che was elated and looked forward to meeting him.So, go to the east coast and look around.In the end, Liu Che planned to go out to sea by boat and search for it himself, but the ministers tried their best to dissuade him, but Liu Che refused to accept it at all.Dongfang Shuo said: "Meeting the gods should be natural, and you should not rush to force them. If you have this kind of blessing, don't worry about not seeing them; if you don't have this kind of blessing, even if you go to Penglai and meet the gods, it will be of no benefit. May Your Majesty return to the palace and wait quietly, and the gods will come." Liu Che felt that his words were reasonable, so he dismissed his original intention.Coincidentally, Huo Zihou, the director of the royal car (Captain Fengche), suddenly fell ill and died within a day.Huo Zihou was the son of Huo Qubing, and Liu Che mourned very much, so he decided to return to Beijing (the capital Chang'an).Go north along the coast to reach Jieshi (north of Changli County, Hebei Province), then pass through Liaoxi County (west of Yixian County, Liaoning Province), and follow the northern Han-Hungarian border to Jiuyuan (the county where Wuyuan County Government is located · Baotou City, Inner Mongolia) .
In May, Liu Che returned to Ganquan. This trip covered a total of 18,000 miles.
6. At the beginning, Sang Hongyang was the director of grain (Zhi Su Duwei), acting as the minister of agriculture and forestry (leader Da Nong), and presided over the world's salt and iron monopoly.Sang Hongyang formulated the "Regulations on Stabilizing Prices" (Equilibrium Law), ordering the local government to investigate which of the commodities sold by merchants will increase in price in the future, which can be offset as taxes.Set up an economic affairs officer (Ping Zhun Ling) in the capital Chang'an to be responsible for the deployment of national supplies.The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (big farmers) controls the country's resources, selling them when the price is high and buying them when the price is low, so that wealthy businessmen can't make huge profits and prices don't fluctuate.However, it suddenly happened that Liu Che traveled for years and rewarded him along the way. The silk alone used up more than one million bolts, and the money was calculated in hundreds of millions, which was completely supplied by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.Sang Hongyang also asked Liu Che for approval: low-level employees can become officials if they donate food and fodder; prisoners who have been sentenced can also donate food and fodder to make atonement.Under this strong measure of selling officials to redeem sins, the land tax revenue in Shandong (east of Xiaoshan) exceeded the budget by six million shi.In one year, the central general warehouse (Taicang) and Ganquan warehouse (the warehouse is located in the northwest of Chunhua County, Shaanxi Province) were completely full.There is a surplus of food and fodder in the frontier, as well as other supplies, including five million pieces of silk.But it did not increase the taxation of the people, and the government's finances were well-off.Liu Che was overjoyed and gave Sang Hongyang the official rank of "Zuoshuchang" (the eleventh level of civil officials) and a reward of two hundred catties of gold.
At this time, there was a small-scale drought, and Liu Che ordered officials at all levels to pray to heaven for rain.Bu Shi wrote: "Government officials should be responsible for land taxes and taxes, but now Sang Hongyang makes them look like businessmen, sitting in the shop, starting a business and seeking profit. If you cook Sang Hongyang, it will rain. .”
Bo Yang said:
Traditional Confucianism is a dichotomy, where "benevolence and righteousness" and "interest" are incompatible like fire and water. "Benevolence and righteousness" is isolated and overrides all kinds of behaviors.As a result, those who talk about "benevolence and righteousness" are trapped in an impractical and pedantic dilemma.Without divination, China would still be China. Without Sang Hongyang's salt and iron monopoly system and material adjustment methods, the world would be chaotic, and the Western Han Dynasty government might collapse.
7. In autumn, Bo star appears next to Dongjing star.More than ten days later, Bo star appeared next to Santai star again.Wang Shuo, a sorcerer and an expert in hopefulness, said: "After a while, you will see the filling star (Saturn) appear again, shaped like a melon, and soon, it will return to its original place." Record, the heavens will return with the German star (Saturn)."
8. Liu Hong, king of Qi (Huai) (capital Linzi), died without a son, and the feudal state was withdrawn.
1. In winter, in October, the Western Han Dynasty (capital Chang'an) emperor (seventh Emperor Wu) Liu Che (48 years old this year) went to Yong County (Fengxiang County, Shaanxi Province) to worship the Five Color Emperor.After returning to Chang'an, worship the Taiyi Temple and bow to Dexing (Saturn).
2. In spring, the first month, Gong Sunqing reported to Liu Che: "I met a god on Donglai Mountain (Laishan Mountain in the southeast of Longkou City, Shandong Province), and it seemed that he was going to meet the emperor." Liu Che then went to Goushi City (southeast of Yanshi County, Henan Province) ) await this meeting.Feng Gongsunqing became a senior state official (Chinese doctor), and then went to Donglai, stayed for a few days, still could not see anything, but saw the footprints of giants.Liu Che was still in high spirits, and sent magicians to the deep mountains and seas to search for gods and monsters. Those who only picked Ganoderma lucidum (Ganoderma lucidum is a legendary magic medicine, eating it can make you live forever, and if you pour it into the stomach of the dead, it can bring the dead back to life). There are more than a thousand people.At that time, during the drought, the emperor traveled without a high-sounding name, so he had to use an excuse to sacrifice to the Wanlisha Temple (there is a small desert in the northeast of Laizhou City, Shandong Province, called Wanlisha, and there is a temple dedicated to the God of Sand).
In summer, in April, Liu Che returned to Chang'an, and on the way, he offered sacrifices to Mount Tai (north of Tai'an City, Shandong Province).
3. At the beginning, the Yellow River broke through Huzi (the ancient Yellow River embankment in the southwest of Puyang City, Henan Province) (refer to 132 years ago), and it has not been blocked for more than 20 years (so far for 24 years), Liang Guo (capital Suiyang), The area around Chu State (capital Pengcheng) suffered particularly heavy losses.This year (109 years ago), Liu Che ordered two senior officials, Ji Ren and Guo Chang, to recruit tens of thousands of soldiers and civilians to block the breach of Huzidi.On the way back to Beijing from Mount Tai, Liu Che personally inspected the breach and threw the white horse and jade into the torrent to sacrifice to the river god.The officials below the general who ordered the entourage transported the soil in person, and finally blocked the breach.Then, the imperial palace was built on the embankment, named Xuanfang Palace.The Yellow River then changed its course and entered two old canals in the north, restoring the old river course when Si Wenming (Yu), the first emperor of the Xia Dynasty, controlled the water.From then on, the areas of Liang and Chu were saved, and there were no more floods.
4. Liu Che returned to Chang'an.
5. Liu Che began to appoint Nanyue (the homeland of Nanyue Kingdom, south of Nanling) witches and mages to participate in offering sacrifices to gods and ghosts, and to use chicken bones for divination (chicken divination method, use one chicken and one dog, pray for blessings, then kill them, cook them , and then sacrifice, take out the two eye bones of the chicken, if it splits into a portrait, it is auspicious; if it does not resemble a portrait, it is bad. In ancient Chinese tradition, only the turtle shell is used for divination).
6. Gongsun Qing Shangshu said: "Immortals like to live upstairs." Liu Che built Feilian Temple and Guiguan Temple in Chang'an, and Yishou Temple and Yanshou Temple in Ganquan (northwest of Chunhua County, Shaanxi Province). , Viewed from above, it means "building". "Temple" is mostly a bungalow, and "view" must be a high-rise building. "Sanfu Huangtu": "Feilian Temple is forty feet high, and Yanshou Temple is similar." Forty feet is about eighty meters).Send Gongsun Qing to carry the emperor's talisman, arrange all the equipment, and wait for the gods to come.The Tongtian Terrace was also built in Ganquan Palace ("Hanwu Story": "The Tongtian Terrace is more than a hundred feet away from the ground, and the clouds and rain are under it. There is a dew bearing plate on it, and there are statues of immortals. Holding a jade cup in their hands, they receive the dewdrops in the clouds. "About 220 meters high), a temple was built on Tongtiantai for sacrifices, the front hall of Ganquan Palace was built, and other palaces were expanded.
7. At the beginning, when the Kingdom of Yan (Jicheng, the capital) was in its heyday during the Warring States Period, its forces spread eastward, including Zhenfan (Xinchuan City, North Korea) and North Korea (Pyongyang City, North Korea). Local governments were established, officials were dispatched, and castles were built. fortress.Later, the Qin Dynasty annexed the Kingdom of Yan, and its power was not enough. Zhenfan and North Korea fled.With the rise of the Western Han Dynasty, because the distance was too far to maintain, they did not attempt to regain it. They only built the original frontier fortresses of the old Qin Dynasty, and took Weishui (浿, sound pei Korean Qingchuan River) as the farthest border of China. Yan State (the capital of Ji County) is under the jurisdiction of one of the states.Later, King Lu Wan of Yan rebelled (refer to 195 BC) and surrendered to the Huns Khanate.Wei Man, a native of Yan State, led his people to flee, assembled more than a thousand party members, changed into barbarian clothes, braided their hair, went eastward, crossed the Wei River, settled in the open space abandoned by the Qin Dynasty, and gradually controlled Zhenfan and North Korea. The natives of the land and the exiles of the Yan State called themselves kings and established their capital in Wangxiancheng (Pyongyang, North Korea. It is called the Kingdom of Korea, also known as Weishi Korea).
In the era of the second emperor (Huidi) Liu Ying, the third emperor (former Shaodi) Liu Gong, and the fourth emperor (later Shaodi) Liu Hong (the 100s and 20s of the 2nd century), the government of the Western Han Dynasty had just been established, Liaodong County (Liaoyang City, Liaoning Province) The county chief (prefect) agreed with Weiman that Weiman, as a vassal of the Han Dynasty, was responsible for preventing other barbarian tribes from invading the Han Dynasty frontier fortress, but other tribal chiefs would not go to the Han Dynasty to meet the Chinese emperor. Can be restricted.The Western Han government rewarded him for his assistance and gave him many gifts.Weiman used these weapons property to invade neighboring countries, conquered Zhenfan and Lintun (Jiangling City on the Korean Peninsula), and expanded his country thousands of miles.
Later, when Wei Man passed on the throne to his grandson Wei Youqu, more Han exiles were attracted, and he had never been to Chang'an, the capital of the Han Dynasty, to meet him.Chen State (in the southern part of the Korean peninsula. Chen State is not one of the "Three Hans", "Chen Han". In the 1950s, there were only "Three Hans". At this time, only "Chen State" was an organization. The loose tribal alliance, jointly support King Chen) The king wrote to the Han Dynasty government, asking to see the emperor.Wei Youqu considered that the Kingdom of Chen might become stronger through the power of the Han Dynasty, so he refused the envoys of the Kingdom of Chen to pass through his land.For these reasons, the government of the Western Han Dynasty sent Shehe to Wangxiancheng for negotiations this year.Wei Youqu had a tough attitude and refused to accept orders from the Han Dynasty.Shehe had no choice but to leave, but when he arrived at the border, he assassinated the North Korean general who was escorting him, then crossed the Weishui River, rushed into the fortress of the Han Dynasty, and reported to Liu Che: "The North Koreans do not want to surrender, I will kill their famous generals. "Liu Che felt that Shehe had done a good job, so he no longer pursued what happened, so he appointed him as the commander of the Eastern Corps of Liaodong County (Eastern Captain: stationed in Wuci).Of course, the Kingdom of Korea would not let this murderer go, and sent troops to surprise Liaodong to kill Shihe.
8. In June, Ganquan Palace (northwest of Chunhua County, Shaanxi Province) appeared Ganoderma lucidum with nine stems. In order to celebrate this auspiciousness, Liu Che ordered the world to be pardoned.
9. Liu Che was deeply troubled by the drought. Gong Sunqing said: "When the Yellow Emperor Ji Xuanyuan was enshrined in Zen (climbing Mount Tai to worship the heaven and the earth), there was a severe drought in the world, and it was 'Qianfeng' for three years." The meaning of heaven. One sound gan means lack of water. No matter which pronunciation is pronounced, whether the heaven is closed or the water source is closed, it means that there will be no rain for three years.) Liu Che issued an edict: "There is a severe drought in the world, could it be that the heaven is closed ?”
10. In autumn, on the banks of the Wenshui River (which flows through the east of Tai'an City, Shandong Province), the Royal Great Hall (Mingtang) was built. Thirty years ago, Liu Che was going to build the Mingtang, which caused bloodshed. Today, he finally got his wish. Refer to the previous 139 years ).
11. Liu Che decided to fight back against the attitude of the Kingdom of Korea (Wei's Joseon) against China and its attitude of resisting China.He recruited prisoners who had been sentenced to death to join the army, and ordered Yang Pu, the general of the Louchuan, to lead the naval fleet from the Shandong Peninsula and cross the Bohai Sea;
12. At first, Liu Che sent Wang Ranyu to Dian Kingdom (the capital of Dianchi City), emphasizing the defeat of Nanyue Kingdom and the southern barbarian tribes (Ran Kingdom, Qi Kingdom, Qiongdu Kingdom, etc., refer to the previous year) and the defeat of the Han Dynasty With a strong army, he persuaded the king of Dian to join the dynasty.The Kingdom of Dian is a large country with tens of thousands of armed forces. In the northeast of the neighboring country, there are Laoshen Kingdom and Mimo Kingdom (both in Qujing City, Yunnan Province). The rulers belong to the same family as the King of Dian. They unanimously rejected the request of the Han Dynasty. .Laoshen Kingdom and Mimo Kingdom continued to attack Han Dynasty envoys and Han soldiers on the border.
This year (109 BC), Liu Che decided to conquer by force. He dispatched General Guo Chang and Royal Guard Commander (General Zhonglang) Wei Guang to recruit Bashu (Chongqing City, Sichuan Province) militiamen to defeat Laoshen and Mimo. , into the Dian Kingdom.The king of Dian surrendered his land, accepted the officials sent by the Han Dynasty, and promised to go to Chang'an to meet him in person.The government of the Western Han Dynasty then set up Yizhou County in Dian Kingdom (the county government set up Dianchi City), issued the King of Dian's seal, and was still his chief.
At this time, the government of the Western Han Dynasty wiped out the Nanyue Kingdom (the capital of Panyu) and the Minyue Empire (the capital of Dongye) one after another. In the year 〇, the land north of Yelang was occupied and Qiang became the prefecture. In 1111, Nanyue was destroyed and Nanhai, Yulin, Cangwu, Hepu, Jiuzhen, Rinan, Xiangjun, Jiaozhi, Zhuya and Daner were established. Ten counties. Destroy the Southwest Yi, and set up Wudu, Zangke, Yuejuan, Shenli, and Wenshan five counties. This year, Dian Kingdom will be destroyed, and Yizhou County) will still maintain the inherent customs of the residents, and no taxes will be levied .Nanyang County (Nanyang City, Henan Province) and counties south of Hanzhong County (Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province) will increase the treatment of county government officials in proportion to the distance from the capital Chang'an, including grain, coins, vehicles, horses, and equipment.
In the beginning, these newly established counties continued to rebel and kill officials.The central government also often dispatches nearby militia troops to crusade, mobilizing more than 10,000 people every year, and the required funds are provided by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (Da Nong).The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry relies on the adjustment function of local materials (buying cheap and selling expensive) and income from salt and iron patents to subsidize the lack of normal land taxes and taxes, so it is competent.Where the army passed by, there was no shortage of supplies from the county government, and "additional taxes" were no longer levied.
13. This year (109 years ago), Liu Che appointed Chief Inspector (Censor Zhongcheng), Du Zhou from Nanyang (Nanyang City, Henan Province) as Minister of Justice (Ting Wei).Du Zhou was loyal and magnanimous in appearance, but he was harsh in heart and hurt people deeply. He probably followed Zhang Tang's method (refer to 126 years ago).At this time, there were a lot of prisons, and senior officials (two thousand stones) at the ministerial level were arrested and imprisoned. The old ones went and the new ones came, and there were always more than one hundred people.The number of cases accepted by the Ministry of Justice reaches more than 1,000 each year.Hundreds of people have been implicated in major cases, and dozens of people have been implicated in small cases.Those who are far away travel thousands of miles, and those who are near also travel hundreds of miles, to escort the parties to Chang'an for interrogation.The prisons owned by the Ministry of Justice and other government-owned prisons in the capital are all full, with as many as 60,000 to 70,000 prisoners, and judges and law officials have used confessions to attract more than 100,000 prisoners.
Bo Yang said:
The word "prison" appeared again. "Chao" is the emperor's order, and the act of arresting, imprisoning, and executing due to the emperor's order is called "zhao prison".In such cases, the task of the judge is only to put on the cloak of legality on behalf of illegal behavior.Han Xin, Peng Yue, Chao Cuo, Zhu Fuyan, Zhou Bo, and Zhou Yafu were all victims of the Imperial Prison.So it can be said directly: in a sense, imperial prison is unjust prison.When the supreme ruler—no matter what his name is called—want to punish a certain person, the judges will naturally find out strange legal clauses, such as "underground conspiracy" and "psychological treason" to make them happy.
160,000 to 70,000 prisoners is a huge number. In the early Western Han Dynasty, the population of Chang'an was only 500,000.Out of ten people, three people go to prison, how many tragedies are buried in it.Even in times of peace and prosperity, people are not treated as human beings in times of war.
1. In winter, in December, there is thunder in the sky and hail, which is as big as a horse's head. (With such a large hailstorm, the house will be pierced, and it will be another great disaster for the world.)
2. Liu Che (the seventh Emperor of Wu) of the Western Han Dynasty (the capital of Chang’an) sent General Zhao Puonu to go deep into the Western Regions (Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and eastern Central Asia) and attack Che Shiguo (Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region) Turpan City).Zhao Puonu led 700 light cavalry to raid Loulan Kingdom (Ruoqiang County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region) first, and captured King Loulan alive.Continue to go north, breaking Cheshi Kingdom.Leading the army to march westward, threatening Wusun Kingdom (capital Chigu City), Dawan Kingdom (capital Guishan City) and other places.
In spring, on the twenty-seventh day of the first lunar month, Liu Che named Zhao Ponu the Marquis of Zhuoye (112 years ago, Zhao Ponu was revoked as Marquis due to insufficient gold donation).General Wang Hui (not the same as Wang Hui who committed suicide in the Battle of Mayi in 133 years ago) made great contributions in defeating the Loulan Kingdom and was granted the title of Marquis Hao.The blockhouses and pavilions in China extend from Jiuquan County (Jiuquan City, Gansu Province) to Yumen Pass (the junction of Gansu and Xinjiang provinces, northwest of Dunhuang City, Gansu Province).
3. Liu Che began to advocate games such as "Daixi", "Fish and Dragon", and "Manyan". ("Daixi" may be the same as wrestling in modern Japan; it may also be spread from China to Japan, China has been lost, but Japan still retains it. "Fish and Dragon", Yan Shigu's note: "First dressed as a pair of morahs, Dance in the courtyard. Then play in the pool, change into a flounder, which can spray out clouds and cover the sun. Then turn into a yellow dragon about eight feet long, jump out of the pool, and dance in the courtyard. "Xijing Fu": "Hailin changed into Jackie Chan' refers to this, "reading is equal to not reading. We also don't know what "Manyan" is. Yan Shigu's note: "That is what is said in "Xijing Fu": 'The giant beast is searched for a hundred times, it is for Manyan.' "Reading is still the same as not reading.)
4. The Chinese army invaded the Kingdom of Korea (Wei's Korea. The capital Wang Dancheng), and the king of Korea, Wei Youqu, dispatched a large army to hold on to the dangerous place.General Yang Pu of the Louchuan led 7,000 troops from the Shandong Peninsula Army and arrived at Wangxian City first.Wei Youqu learned from the intelligence that the number of Chinese troops was small, so he launched an attack. The Louchuan Corps was defeated and fled to the mountains to hide.It took Yang servant more than ten days to gather them together.The left general Xun Zhi led the army to reach Weishui (Qingchuan River), but was resisted by the Korean army and could not advance.
Liu Che was very surprised at the embarrassment of the two generals.Wei Shan was appointed as an envoy to the Kingdom of Korea to use military pressure to persuade him.Wei Youqu received Wei Shan, saluted and apologized, saying: "I am willing to surrender, but I am afraid that the two generals will kill me with deceit. Now that I have seen the emperor's "Fu Festival", I am willing to keep my original intention." Send the prince to accompany the guard Shan went to Chang'an to have an audience, and presented 5,000 war horses to supply the Chinese army with food and fodder. He was escorted by more than 10,000 people, fully armed, and was about to cross the Weishui in the north.Facing the huge escort force of North Korea, Wei Shan and the left general Xun Yu felt like thorns on their backs. They were nervous and worried about possible changes. We need the protection of the North Korean armed forces!" The crown prince suspected that Wei Shan and Xun Yu wanted to dismiss his guards and kill him, so he refused to cross the river (Qingchuan River) and ordered the troops to be dispatched.Wei Shan reported back to Liu Che, and Liu Che blamed Wei Shan for revealing the incident and beheaded him.
The Chinese army began to attack.Xun Xi defeated the Korean defenders, forcibly crossed the Weishui River, and arrived at the foot of Wang Dancheng, surrounded on both sides of the northwest, while Wang Hui entered the southern city.Wei Youqu stood firm and held a stalemate for several months, unable to break through.Xun Zhi's army is all athletes from North China, fierce and good at fighting.Yang Pu's marines are all prisoners of the Shandong Peninsula. They were once defeated by the North Korean army, and they still have lingering fears and their morale shrinks.Therefore, during the siege of King Dangerous City, Yang Servant often sent envoys to ask North Korea to stop resisting, but Xun Xi attacked fiercely and wanted to destroy the country.
Taking advantage of the conflict between the two Chinese generals, the officials of the Kingdom of Korea sent secret envoys to meet with Yang Pu, the general of Louchuan, to negotiate the conditions of surrender, and they went back and forth to negotiate without making a decision.Xun Zhi, the general of the left, repeatedly asked Yang Pu to appoint a date to launch a general offensive.Yang Pu agreed every time, but did not take any action at that time.Xun Yu also sent people to lobby the Korean government, but Wei Youqu refused, expressing his hope to surrender to Yang Pu.The two generals began to suspect each other.Xun Yu believes that Yang Pu was once defeated by the Korean army, and the corps collapsed.And the king of Joseon was friendly to him, but he did not surrender, so he suspected that Yang servant might rebel, so he did not act.
The strange siege actions of the two generals made the war stalemate, and the outcome could not be decided for a long time. Liu Che sent Gongsun Sui, the magistrate of Jinan County (Zhangqiu City, Shandong Province) to investigate and correct, and gave Gongsun Sui full power: in case of emergency, he can act arbitrarily .When Gongsun Sui arrived at the front defense, Xun Yu, the general of the left, said: "Wang Dangerous City could have been captured a long time ago, so it has not been captured so far, only because Yang servant has repeatedly disrupted the general attack plan." So he told Gongsun Sui what he was suspicious of, saying: "If If you don’t preemptively strike, there may be a big disaster.” Gongsun then agreed with his judgment, and then used the emperor’s "Fu Jie" to recruit Yang Pu to the headquarters of the Zuo Corps to hold a military meeting, and took the opportunity to order Gou Shi’s subordinates to detain Yang Pu and merge the two corps , reported to Liu Che; Liu Che ordered Gongsun Sui to beheaded ("Han Shu" records are the opposite, saying that "Liu Che approved Gongsun Sui's decision").
The left general, Xun Zhi, merged the two armies and attacked violently.Wang Dancheng couldn't support it, and it was on the verge of collapse.The Prime Ministers of the Kingdom of Korea, Luren, Han Yin, Nixi, Shen (surname unknown), and General Wang Yan (sound Jia), conspired to rebel, and discussed: "At first, I wanted to surrender to Yang Pu, and Yang Pu was arrested now. Let Xun Xi lead the army , the attack is even more urgent, and I am afraid it will be impossible to resist, and the king will not surrender to him." Han Yin, Wang Hao, and passers-by deserted their posts and defected to the Chinese army camp, but passers-by died on the way.
In summer, the prime ministers Nixi and Shen (surname unknown) sent killers to assassinate the king Wei Youqu and surrendered.After Wang Xiancheng was in chaos for a while, Minister Cheng Ji resumed his defense.Xun Yu sent Wei Chang, the son of the late king Wei Youqu, and Lu Zui, the son of Lu Ren, the prime minister, to declare to their people that it would be useless to stick to it.The people of Wangxiancheng rose up and attacked and killed themselves, and the Kingdom of Korea fell.
The government of the Western Han Dynasty set up four counties in the hometown of the Kingdom of Korea: Lelang County (Pyongyang City, North Korea), Lintun County (Gangling City, North Korea), Xuantu County (Hamxing City, North Korea), and Zhenfan County (Seoul City, South Korea).Feng Shen (surname unknown) was the Marquis of Qing, Han Yin was the Marquis of Hagi, Wang Yu was the Marquis of Pingzhou, and Wei Chang was the Marquis of Wei. Lu Zui made great achievements because of the death of his father (passer-by), and was granted the title of Marquis of Nieyang. .
Liu Che recruited Xun Yu, the left general, to Chang'an, accused him of "competing for merit and being jealous of each other", and bound him to the market to behead him.Yang Pu was accused of leading the army to Liekou (the place where Lieshui enters the sea. Lieshui, today's Datong River), and should wait for Xun Zhi to advance together, but he attacked first without authorization and suffered heavy losses. He should also be beheaded; but he was allowed to pay a ransom , demoted to civilians.
Bo Yang said:
The Western Han government's attack on the Kingdom of Korea was a naked aggression from a modern perspective, but in the second century BC, the Kingdom of Korea was no different from the Kingdom of Nanyue and the Kingdom of Minyue.Every country is expanding its territory (the Kingdom of Korea also annexed Lintun and Zhenfan), and the purpose of expansion is not economic benefits, but only to spread the prestige of the leader.The way Liu Che handled the war showed the perverse character of a ruler who has been in power for a long time.The expeditionary force fought the war of destroying the country thousands of miles away, and there was no commander in chief, which of course led to disputes.Liu Che should blame himself, and should not blame the two generals for their disagreement.But Yang Pu made the most mistakes. He challenged alone, suffered a defeat first, and then tried to take over the whole situation by peaceful means after being frightened.The most serious thing is that when the date of the attack was agreed, the friendly army launched, but he watched the tigers fighting from a distance. Fortunately, the military strength of the Korean Kingdom was not strong, otherwise, wouldn't Xun Zhi's entire army be wiped out?After North Korea's victory, where did Yang Puhailing, who was once a defeated general, escape?
As far as the known historical materials are concerned, there is nothing wrong with Xun Zhi.His skepticism was normal, and anyone standing next to a friendly army who repeatedly missed appointments would be alert to some conspiracy.That is to say, in terms of arresting Yang Pu, it was an order issued by the envoy of "Chijie". Although he suggested it, he had no right to decide.It is the envoy who decides, so what has he to do with it?Even if you have something to do, you can destroy the country thousands of miles away and return it, with blood and sweat, why should you be kidnapped and beheaded in the market?Li Guangli attacked the Dawan Kingdom, and he was full of crimes. Liu Che still remembered his conquests and did not record his mistakes (refer to 101 years ago). Why did he only record Xun Zhi's "passes"?
Xun Yu's unjust prison is a watershed.Liu Che's intelligence began to go downhill, and he became more and more fatuous and violent. He was only happy or unhappy, completely controlled by his own emotions, and was fiddled with by the little people he trusted.The virtue of tolerance is no longer present.So followed by killing the prime minister, killing his wife, killing his own children, seizing the bloody horse, a mess of darkness and blood, unless he dies, the darkness and blood will continue.
Ban Gu said:
Xuantu and Lelang were originally the feudal states (Jizi Joseon) of Zixuyu (Jizi, the uncle of Shouxin, the last emperor of the Shang Dynasty).Zixu Yu sealed off his country in North Korea and taught the people about etiquette, farming, silkworm rearing, and weaving.There are only eight laws enacted, the main ones are: for murder, the current offender shall pay with his life on the spot; for wounding, he shall be fined to pay food; 500,000, you can still maintain your status as a commoner, but you will be looked down upon by others, and you will not be able to find a partner when you get married. Therefore, their people will never steal or steal for life, and they will not close their doors at night. Women are very chaste and have no fornication.When eating and drinking in the countryside, bamboo utensils are used to hold food. People in cities sometimes imitate the behavior of officials and often use cups, plates and chopsticks.
The Chinese officials of the county government are all from Liaodong County (Liaoyang City, Liaoning Province). Those Chinese petty officials and Chinese businessmen who came to do business saw that every house was open, so they took advantage of the night to steal and rob, so the custom was corrupted.现在（班固于公元后九二年死于冤狱。所以“现在”应是一世纪八〇年代），法律已多达六十余条，证明仁义圣贤的礼教，是多么可贵。然而，东方蛮夷，天性柔顺，跟北方西方南方的蛮夷，迥然不同。所以孔丘曾兴起他的道理如果不能实践，将乘木筏出海，前往九夷（箕子朝鲜）的叹息，有他的根据。
Bo Yang said:
朝鲜半岛上风俗之美，史不绝书，应无可置疑。但是仅凭六十条法律跟八条法律的悬殊，便证明“仁义圣贤的礼教，是多么可贵”，恐怕无法证明，而只能证明班固的思考力僵化。人口增加，生产工具进步，自会使社会层面加多，有些固然跟所谓的“心术”有关，有些却不然。地广人稀时，可以胡乱开垦，一旦人口增多，就得有法令禁止在山坡上种田，以免泥土流失。只有—种情形才可以使法律条文减少，那就是人口减少，等到一个城市只剩下一个人时，就可以不要一条法律了。
眼睛生在背后的崇古狂热，充满中国古书的字里行间。
5、秋季，七月，胶西（于）王（首府高密）刘端（六任景帝刘启子）逝世。（没有儿子，封国撤销。）
6、武都郡（甘肃省西和县西南蒿林乡）氐民族部落叛变，西汉政府强行把他们迁移到酒泉郡（甘肃省酒泉市）。
1、冬季，十月，西汉王朝（首都长安）皇帝（七任武帝）刘彻（本年五十岁），前往雍县（陕西省凤翔县），祭祀五色帝（青、赤、白、黑、黄，参考前一六五年）。开凿及修复道路，通往回中（陕西省陇县西北。秦一任帝嬴政曾在此建回中宫），遂出萧关（宁夏固原县东南），北上，抵达独鹿山、鸣泽湖（“山”“湖”都在河北省涞水县北），到达代郡（河北省蔚县），才回长安，归途经过河东郡（山西省夏县）。
春季，三月，刘彻祭祀后土神，赦免汾阴（山西省万荣县西南荣河镇）、夏阳（陕西省韩城市）、中都（山西省平遥县）等地死刑以下囚犯。
2. In summer, severe drought.
3、匈奴汗国（王庭设蒙古国哈尔和林市）自从卫青、霍去病北渡瀚海沙漠攻击（参考前一一九年）后，很少再南下侵略，而远走到更北地区，休养士马，加强骑射狩猎训练。屡次派出使节到汉朝，甜言蜜语，请求和解。西汉政府派北地（甘肃省庆阳县西北马岭镇）人王乌等，前往探听虚实。王乌接受匈奴风俗，改穿匈奴服装，把汉朝皇帝的符节放到一旁，自己进入毡帐，促膝相谈。单于（六任）挛鞮乌维喜欢他，向他说了很多悦耳的话，宣称将派太子到汉朝充当人质。王乌回报，西汉政府再派杨信前往，杨信不肯接受匈奴风俗，挛鞮乌维说：“依照从前的传统，汉朝曾经把翁主（亲王之女）嫁给匈奴，陪嫁各式各样绸缎食物，用来和解，匈奴也不再骚扰汉朝边境，而今却恰恰颠倒过来，教我们送太子到汉朝当人质，匈奴手里还剩下什么？”
杨信回报，西汉政府再派王乌前往，挛鞮乌维为了获得汉朝更多的礼物，更信口开河，对王乌宣称：“我还打算亲自去见见汉朝皇帝，当面约定兄弟之邦。”王乌回报，西汉政府兴高采烈的在长安兴筑豪华的单于官邸。挛鞮乌维当然不肯南下，他说：“除非面对汉朝最尊贵的官员，我不给他说老实话。”
匈奴汗国派他们最尊贵的官员到汉朝访问。可是，一件不幸的事故，在这时候发生，使两国关系中断。这位匈奴最尊贵的官员到了长安之后，即行病倒，西汉政府请尽名医，仍然无法挽回他的性命。无可奈何，派遣路充国以部长级身份（佩二千石印信），护送棺柩回国，并附带致送葬礼黄金七八十万两，介绍路充国说：“他就是汉朝最尊贵的官员。”挛鞮乌维认为西汉政府有意谋杀匈奴尊贵使节，就把路充国扣留。
这时，西汉政府检讨这次交涉，认为匈奴只是在那里空言欺骗王乌，单于既无意前来访问，也无意派太子作为人质。从此，匈奴屡屡派出游击部队，侵犯汉朝边塞。西汉政府任命郭昌当拔胡将军，跟浞野侯赵破奴，率军进屯朔方（内蒙古杭锦旗北黄河南岸）之东，加强警戒。
1、冬季，西汉王朝（首都长安）皇帝（七任武帝）刘彻（本年五十一岁）南游，抵达盛唐（安徽省六安市），前往九疑山（苍梧山，在湖南省宁远县南），遥祭虞舜帝姚重华（半信史时代公元前二二〇八年，据说姚重华死在苍梧，葬在九疑山下）；又到灊县（灊，音qian。安徽省霍山县），登天柱山（霍山县西南霍山）；再到寻阳（湖北省武穴市东北），在长江上亲自射蛟（蛟，传说中的水怪，常跟“龙”连称。像一条巨蛇，四只脚，可以吃人），并且生擒活捉（生擒活捉一条只有传说中才有的水怪，匪夷所思）。然后，皇家船团跟保护船团的皇家舰队，密集东下，长江上黑压压一片，连续一千里（这是皇帝出游时的可怕场面，人民在这种气势下，家破人亡），在枞阳（安徽省枞阳县）登岸，北上又到琅邪（山东省胶南市），沿海而行，沿途祭祀所经过的名川大山。
春季，三月，刘彻返回长安；经过泰山，增添祭坛高度。
三月二十一日，第一次使用皇家大会堂（明堂）祭祀上帝，把西汉王朝一任帝刘邦作为上帝的陪伴。刘彻在皇家大会堂（明堂）接受各封国王侯的朝见，审查各郡各封国的年终考绩。
夏季，四月，刘彻下令赦天下，并免除这次出游所经过郡县的田赋租税。返抵甘泉宫（陕西省淳化县西北），祭祀太乙神。
2、全国最高统帅（大将军）长平侯（烈侯）卫青逝世，给他兴建一个像卢山（即寘颜山。匈奴汗国境内名山，今地不详）一样的坟墓（卫青墓在霍去病墓东；而霍去病墓则在刘彻墓东，三墓相连）。
3、刘彻武功烜赫，北方攻击匈奴汗国，把他们逐出瀚海沙漠，南方消灭南越国（广东省、广西壮族自治区、海南省及越南北部）和闽越帝国（福建省）。中国领土大幅扩张，郡的数目也大量增加，为了加强督导考察，在“郡”之上，再设置虚级的“州”：交趾州（广东省、广西壮族自治区、海南省及越南北部）、朔方州（黄河河套地区）、冀州（河北省中部南部）、幽州（河北省北部及辽宁省）、并州（山西省）、兖州（山东省西部。兖，音yan）、徐州（江苏省北部）、青州（山东省东部）、扬州（安徽省中部及江南地区）、荆州（湖北省及湖南省）、豫州（河南省）、益州（四川省、云南省）、凉州（甘肃省），共十三州（部）。每州设立一位督导官（刺史。秦政府时，中央就设有各郡督导官，不定时地到各郡视察。秦亡之后，官位撤销。西汉政府成立，并没有立即恢复。刘彻此项措施，乃是参考秦政府旧制，只有两点不同：一、督导官不称“监郡御史”，而称“刺史”，“刺”是调查之意，“史”在古时当官员解，二、把监察区城固定划分，共“十三刺史部”。为方便计，称“州”。中国遂被划分为“十三州”。州虽是州，并没有''州长”，而只是一个督导区域，“刺史”不过中央政府的低级官员，每年春天，出发前往各督导区。督导区内的封国和郡政府，各派一位代表，到督导区边界迎接。督导官的任务，共有六条：㈠调查纠举强大的家族或地头蛇土豪之类的住宅，有没有违犯法令，以及有没有欺压贫苦弱小的平民？㈡调查纠举郡长或封国宰相等高级官员，有没有不遵守中央命令的情事？有没有不遵守传统典章制度，图谋私利，凌虐平民，贪赃枉法的情事？㈢调查纠举郡长或封国宰相等高级官员，有没有不重视司法审判跟断案不公，轻视人命，发怒时便杀人，高兴时便赏赐？有没有扰民害民，随意杀戮平民，被人痛恨？有没有山崩石裂，天灾变异，传播妖言？㈣调查纠举郡长和封国宰相等高级官员，有没有偏袒亲信，宠爱恶人，阻塞贤能的人上进？㈤调查纠举郡长和封国宰相等高级官员的家人子弟，有没有仗势欺人，干涉法律审判或监狱的执行？㈥调查纠举郡长和封国宰相等高级官员，有没有跟他们的部下串通，勾结土豪劣绅，接受贿賂，伤害政府威信或法令？督导官的职权只限于此项列举的“六条”，“六条”之外的任何询问，封国和郡政府都不准答复。督导官地位，不过六百石，可比之为军中的中尉、上尉。而郡长和封国宰相，却是二千石，应是上将阶级。但他可对上将提出致命的弹劾，巡查过后，便回京报告，不能停留。这是督导官跟“州”之间的关系，直到西汉王朝末期，督导官才留在州内成为常设官，官阶也逐渐提升为二千石，真正成为一州之长。再之后，觉得“刺史”的权还不够大，增加掌握军权，更改称“州牧”，遂成了独立王国）。
4、刘彻发现知名的文武将相，都已凋零罄尽，下诏征求贤才，说：“非常的功业，等待非常的人才完成。良马往往凶暴不驯，但能一口气奔跑千里。贤能之士，往往身受世俗的诟骂，却可立功成名。不遵守礼教，不受传统约束的人，并不是不可造就，只看如何驾驭。我命令各州郡负责人，考察民间，有没有优秀的和异于常人，却有能力担任宰相、将军，或出使绝远国家的人才，保荐给中央政府。”
1、冬季，西汉王朝（首都长安）皇帝（七任武帝）刘彻（本年五十二岁）出游回中（陕西省陇县西北）。
2、春季，兴建首山宫（山西省永济县南）。
3、三月，刘彻出游河东（山西省夏县），祭祀后土神，赦免汾阴（山西省万荣县西南荣河镇）死罪以下囚犯。
4、西汉政府既征服西南蛮夷部落（西南夷），设立五郡（牂柯郡、越巂郡、沈黎郡、汶山郡，参考前一一一年。以及益州郡，参考前一〇九年），企图找出一条道路，通往大夏国（阿富汗东北部）。每年都要派出十数个使节团，经过这些新郡，前往探测。各郡不堪骚扰负荷，益州郡（云南省晋宁县东晋城镇。益州郡跟益州不同。后来“刺史”成为常设官的州长之后，益州州政府设于四川省成都市，就是古代的蜀国首都所在），反应尤其激烈，滇国（首都滇池城与益州郡郡政府同处一城）国王下令封锁昆明（云南省中部），屠杀那些使节，夺取他们携带的财物。
刘彻下令赦免首都长安的罪犯和亡命之徒，组织远征军，派拔胡将军郭昌率领，南下征讨，屠杀滇国数十万人。可是，叛乱此伏彼起，使节团始终无法通过。
5、秋季，旱灾、蝗虫灾。
6、乌孙王国（首都赤谷城）的使节团，发现汉朝是一个庞然大物（乌孙使节随张骞到汉朝报聘，参考前一一五年），回国后禀报国王，乌孙王国遂对汉朝大加敬重，而对匈奴汗国（王庭设蒙古国哈尔和林市）疏远。匈奴汗国得到汉乌两国亲善的消息，而相邻的大宛王国（首都贵山城）、月氏王国（首都蓝市城），正向中国靠拢，既惊恐又怒不可遏，宣称要发动大规模攻击。乌孙王国举国震骇，派使节到长安，表示愿娶汉朝公主，使两国永结亲密的兄弟之邦。
刘彻召集高级官员御前会议，决定应许。于是乌孙王国呈献良马一千匹，作为娶汉朝皇家女儿的聘礼。西汉政府封江都王（首府广陵）刘建（六任景帝刘启孙）的女儿刘细君当公主，嫁给乌孙国王。嫁妆的丰富，使西域（新疆维吾尔自治区及中亚东部）各国侧目。乌孙王昆莫，封刘细君当“右夫人”。匈奴汗国立即反应，也送一位匈奴美女给昆莫，昆莫封她当“左夫人”。
刘细君自己兴建汉式宫殿，每年不过跟昆莫相会几次，留他饮筵。昆莫年老气衰，无法应付房帷之事，而且言语不通，风俗习惯又不相同。刘细君自伤命苦，思念故乡。刘彻接到报告（刘彻是刘细君的堂叔祖父），也觉凄然。所以每隔一年，总要派遣使节，送去罗帐、绸缎、锦绣等供应。而昆莫面对金枝玉叶的美女，也自觉形惭，老实说：“我已老了。”要求刘细君嫁给他的孙儿岑娶。这在中国看来，简直是一项骇人的乱伦丑闻，刘细君拒绝，并向刘彻报告。刘彻回答说：“你既到乌孙，就应遵从乌孙的风俗。为了要和乌孙结盟，共同对抗匈奴，只有委屈。”刘细君遂再嫁给岑娶。
昆莫不久逝世，岑娶继任乌孙王，汉乌两国，十分和睦。这时，汉朝使节向西越过葱岭（帕米尔高原），到达安息王国（伊朗）。安息王国派人带着鸵鸟蛋以及黎轩王国（托勒密王朝埃及王国）的魔术大师，呈献汉朝。其他诸小国，如驩潜国（中亚阿姆河下游东岸）、大益国（今地不详）、车师国（新疆维吾尔自治区吐鲁番市）、扜弥国（新疆维吾尔自治区于田县）、苏国（康居王国所属小国）等国，都派人随同汉朝使节，到长安朝见汉朝皇帝。刘彻亲自看到国家威力在他手中无远不届，万邦来朝，不禁大为兴奋。
西方各国使节不断的来来去去，刘彻每到东方沿海出游，总把他们全部带往，遇到大都市或人口稠密的地方，一定从中穿过。用金钱绸缎重重赏赐，发给他们的用具，也十分充足，用以显示汉朝的富饶和宽厚。经常举办大规模的摔跤比赛，演出新颖舞蹈，展示各种奇禽异兽，引起很多人聚集参观。每逢赏赐，筵席丰富，豪华奢侈，简直是酒池肉林。又教外国宾客们到处参观当地的仓库跟宝物，炫耀汉朝的广大强盛，使他们震惊。
大宛王国生产葡萄，可以酿酒，又盛产苜蓿（俗称“金花菜”），大宛又特产一种马——天马，最喜欢吃苜蓿菜。汉朝使节把果实带回，刘彻种在行宫附近，生长极为茂盛。（葡萄、苜蓿引进中国，明文记载。）然而，西域各国距匈奴汗国毕竟太近，心中仍存畏惧，对待匈奴使节，更恭顺隆重，汉朝无法相比。
7、本年（前一〇五年），匈奴汗国单于（六任）挛鞮乌维逝世。子挛鞮乌师庐继位（七任）。挛鞮乌师庐年幼，人称儿单于。匈奴汗国更向西北迁徙，东方兵力只到云中郡（内蒙古托克托县），西方兵力也只抵达酒泉（甘肃省酒泉市）、敦煌（甘肃省敦煌市）两郡。
1、冬季，十月，西汉王朝（首都长安）皇帝（七任武帝）刘彻（本年五十三岁）出游泰山（山东省泰安市北）。
十一月一日，凌晨，冬至，刘彻在皇家大会堂（明堂）祭祀上帝。然后东到海滨，考查法术师（方士）到海上寻求神仙的结果，发现没有一个人的话应验，但仍派出更多的法术师前往，希望有人遇到。
2、十一月二十二日，柏梁台失火。
3、十二月一日，刘彻亲自到高里山（泰山下西南部一小山）祭祀后土神，前往渤海，遥祭海上蓬莱仙山（刘彻所筑的望海台在今河北省黄骅市东），希望能到神仙聚会的天庭。
春季，刘彻返回长安，因柏梁台火灾之故，改在甘泉宫（陕西省淳化县西北）接受封国国君朝见，审查年度报告。在甘泉兴筑封国宾馆。
南越（南越王国故土·南岭以南）人勇之（姓不详）说：“我们那里的风俗，火灾之后再兴建房屋，一定要比原有的更大，用来压过它。”刘彻同意，下令兴筑建章宫（在长安城西，周围二十里），开辟千门万户，东有凤阙，高二十余丈（台上的阁楼称“阙”，城门上的守望楼，也称“阙”，不过以后专指帝王的居处。建章宫东门阁楼，上面有铜凤凰，故称凤阙），西有唐中台（在建章宫太液池之南），有方圆数十里的“虎园”（豢养老虎），北面有人工挖凿的巨湖，命名太液池，湖中有渐台（四周被水环绕。公元后二三年，新王朝一任帝王莽，就死在那里），高二十余丈，又有蓬