Chapter 33 1960s BC (140-131 BC)
1. In winter, in October, Liu Che (seventh emperor) (seventeen years old) of the Western Han Dynasty (capital Chang'an) issued an edict to solicit talents who are "virtuous and upright" and "outspoken and extremely admonishing". Liu Che will personally preside over the examination. The topic is "The Way of Governing the Country in Ancient and Modern Times".More than one hundred people took the test.
Dong Zhongshu, a native of Guangchuan (Ji County, Hebei Province), answered on the test paper:
"'Tao' means: the method of governing the country. Benevolence, morality, ethics, and music are all tools for governing the country. Although the ancient sages and kings passed away, their descendants lived forever and made the world peaceful for hundreds of years. It is the achievement of ritual and music education. There is no king who does not want the country to be safe and the regime to last forever. It happens that the country is chaotic and the regime is in danger. The reason is that the officials appointed are not suitable people, and the method of governing the country is not proper. Only then did the country and the political power finally collapse. The weakening of the Zhou Dynasty began with Ji Hu (ten Li Wang) and Ji Gong Nie (twelfth You King). It was not that the country could not govern, but that Ji Hu and Ji Gong Nie were not Know how to govern. When it came to Ji Jing (the eleventh king of Xuan), he missed the kindness of the previous kings, worked hard, made a comprehensive remedy, and revived the great achievements of Ji Chang (king of Wen) and Ji Fa (one of the kings of Wu). Only then did the Zhou Dynasty become obvious Restoring the old situation is the result of doing good deeds day and night. (Eleventh Xuan Wang Ji Jing, how to make up for the fault of his son twelfth You Wang Ji Gongni? Dong Zhongshu didn't even figure out their order, should It’s strange that the emperors of all dynasties only had posthumous titles but no arbitrary numbers. If there were any arbitrary numbers, the position of the relationship would be more obvious than that of the nose on the face, so no one would dare to lie and play sloppy.)
"Confucius said: 'It is people who promote the truth, not the truth to promote people.' Therefore, the governance and chaos, prosperity and decline of a country are in your own hands, and have nothing to do with the destiny. You cannot shirk responsibility. If you do not understand clearly, you will lose As a king, he should manage the government with integrity and sincerity. To manage the government is to manage hundreds of civil and military officials. To manage hundreds of civil and military officials is to manage tens of millions of people. Far and near, everything is governed, and there will be no evil and treachery to grow in it. Therefore, the yin and yang cooperate, the weather is smooth, the nature is flourishing, and the population is multiplying. All auspicious signs that symbolize happiness will appear. Kingly politics is so perfect that it cannot be added.
"Confucius said: 'During the time of Yao Chonghua (Shun), the phoenix came to court: during the time of Jichang (King Wen), the phoenix sang loudly in Qishan (northeast of Qishan County, Shaanxi Province), but now the phoenix does not come. In the time of Fuxi, the dragon and horse in the Yellow River carried Books appeared, but now dragons and horses do not come. There is nothing I can do, but I have tried my best.' (Phoenixes, dragons and horses are both auspicious, symbolizing the king's sage.) Gai Kongqiu thought he could make this kind of auspiciousness appear. You cannot be recruited. Your Majesty is the noble Son of Heaven, all within the four seas is your wealth. You also occupy a high position that can attract phoenixes and dragons and horses. You have the power to attract phoenixes and dragons. Noble, generous, clear-sighted, kind-hearted, caring for the people, and loving talents, he should be a benevolent king. However, the gods of heaven and earth did not respond, and the auspicious auspiciousness remained silent. What is the reason? The enlightenment has not yet been carried out, and the country has not yet been governed. People's pursuit of profit and wealth is like water flowing downwards. Without enlightenment as a dike, it cannot stop the flood of human desires. The ancient kings understood this truth, so they sat on the northern throne and faced the south. Governing the country, they all regard "education" as the first Important work. Therefore, a university (Tai Xue) should be established in the capital to educate the whole country; primary schools (Xiang) and middle schools (preface) should be established in the localities to educate the countryside (ancient education: families set up cram schools, townships set up primary schools Set up middle schools in counties and counties, set up universities in feudal countries). Influence them with benevolence, sharpen them with morality, and restrain them with etiquette.
"Although the punishment of the people is very light, the people still do not commit crimes. The reason is that the enlightenment has been carried out and the customs have been good. The sage king inherited the troubled times and wiped out all the remaining evils. The work of enlightenment was advocated again. The enlightenment has obvious effects The day is the time when good customs and habits are formed. Children and grandchildren obey them, and they still exist for five or six hundred years. The Qin Dynasty destroyed the tradition of ancient sages and sages, and ruled the world with laws. Therefore, it collapsed in only fourteen years ( It took sixteen years from the annexation of the six kingdoms to the surrender of Ying Ying). The disasters left behind are still causing harm to the world. As a result, the customs and habits are still mean and cunning, and the people are stubborn and don’t care about crimes. They have become so corrupt! We use a For example, if the sound of a zither is abnormal, the only way to play it is to untie the old strings and replace them with new strings. If the management method does not work, the only way is to get rid of the old customs and habits. Only by changing the new customs and habits can we start. Since the Western Han Dynasty unified China, it has been trying to govern the country, but the country is still not perfect, because what should be changed has not changed.
"I have heard that the wise king governs the country, makes the people go to school when they are young, grants them positions when they grow up, uses official salaries to improve morality, and uses punishments to deter crime. Therefore, the people deeply understand etiquette and righteousness, and use it It is the greatest shame to offend officials or elders. Ji Fa (King Wu of Zhou) pursued righteousness and eliminated remnant thieves (referring to the last emperor of the Shang Dynasty, Shou Xin). Ji Dan (Duke of Zhou, founder of the Zhou Dynasty) made rituals and sacred music to improve the people Cultural quality. Therefore, in the heyday of Ji Song (the second king of the Zhou Dynasty) and Ji Zhao (the third king of the Zhou Dynasty), the prison was idle for more than forty years. This is the influence of education, the infiltration of benevolence and justice, not criminal law The Qin Dynasty was just the opposite. It pursued the legalist theories of Shen Buhai, Gongsun Yang, Han Fei, etc., and hated the Confucian principles practiced by the sage kings. Regardless of the essence of the matter, a good person may not be exempt from punishment, and a person who has committed a lot of evil may not be punished either.
"So, government officials are doing superficial work, regardless of the content. On the outside, they are respectful to the king, but in their hearts they have the intention of betraying them at any time. They are hypocritical, using tricks, deceit, and shameless means to seize profits. The government Severe punishment, killing people one by one, the evil is not extinguished. It is only because of customs and habits that make them so. Your Majesty owns the world, and the people are all obedient, but the merits have not been added to the people. Why? Because your majesty has not noticed At this point, Zeng Shen said: "If you pay attention to what you hear, you will become wise. Do what you know, and you will shine. Wisdom and brilliance are not in other things, but whether you pay attention to it or not." I hope your majesty will use what you hear. Yes, sincerely, do what you know. So, what is the difference with the two kings (Si Wenming, Zi Tianyi, Ji Fa)?
"Usually do not cultivate intellectuals, but plan to select talented people, it is like not carving jade, but asking it to present a beautiful and glorious image. The most important thing in cultivating intellectuals is to establish universities (Taixue). Universities are virtuous It is a place for the production of talents and the fundamental base for the promotion of enlightenment. Nowadays, a county or a feudal country has a large population, and they are taught to select intellectuals to come to the emperor's exam, but none of them can be selected. The method of a sage king governing the country, Seeing that it is facing loss. Therefore, I suggest to Your Majesty: build a university, hire knowledgeable teachers, and cultivate a large number of intellectuals. Frequent examination inquiries, ask them questions, so that they can show their talents. In this way, you can find talents among them.
"The current county magistrates (county guards) and county magistrates (county magistrates) are the mentors and examples of the people, inheriting His Majesty's virtues and spreading enlightenment. If the quality of the mentors is low, His Majesty's virtues will not be spread, and the grace will not reach The people. The current situation is that they can neither educate the people nor strictly enforce the laws of the country. Instead, they abuse the people. The officials are in collusion and collusion, the people are poor and lonely, they have been bullied and suffered many grievances, and there is no place to appeal. As a result, unemployment and displacement , It completely violates His Majesty's original intention of loving the people. With violence, the society is filled, and the people's lives are difficult and they cannot be taken care of. It is all due to the stupidity of the local officials.
"The sources of local officials, roughly speaking, one is the imperial guard officer (Lang Zhong) and the royal guard officer (Zhong Lang). If you want to be a guard officer or a guard officer, you must have considerable property (refer to May 142 BC). The problem is that a person with property may not be wise. The so-called "merit" by the ancients depends on whether he is competent for his official position , distinguishing between high and low is not enough to just dawdling. In the past, those with low ability, even though they have been in office for many years, should still be his junior officials. Those with strong ability, even though they have not been in office for a long time, can still be promoted to be the assistant of the emperor. All officials try their best, concentrate on their work, and pursue results. Now it is the opposite. Officials are fooling around for a long time. After accumulating, they become "qualifications" and they can be promoted. Therefore, the shame is weak , There is no difference between the virtuous and the mediocre, and the truth is submerged.
"I am indeed ignorant, but I suggest to Your Majesty: Order each feudal country (kingdom and marquis), each county, and officials above the ministerial level (two thousand stones) to select two of the grassroots staff (officials) or the people every year. Talented people are sent to the capital (Chang'an) to serve as royal guards (Suwei), so that they can learn the methods of the ministers to manage the country. If they are recommended, they will be rewarded; if they are stupid and evil, they will be punished. This must be the case, so that the head of the local government (two thousand stones) will do his best to find talented people. The intellectuals in the world can be dispatched by the government. The government can also gather all the talented people in the world, and the three kings (Si Wenming, Zitian B, Ji Fa)'s prosperity is easy to achieve; Yiqi Fangxun (Yao) and Yao Chonghua's (Shun) reputation are also easy to enjoy. The main thing is, don't use seniority as the criterion for promotion, but pay attention to work Ability. Considering his ability, he will be awarded an official position, and his character will be examined to determine his future. Then, the honest and the shameless will naturally separate, and the virtuous and the mediocre will not be mixed.
"I've heard that you can make a lot by accumulating a little, and you can become a rich man by accumulating small amounts of money. Therefore, all saints break through the darkness and gain light. Starting from a small place, meritorious deeds will eventually shine on the universe. Therefore, Yi Qi Fangxun (Yao) is no more than a chieftain, Yao Chonghua is no more than a farmer in the deep mountains, he did not appear all of a sudden, but because of the continuous increase of virtue. No one can swallow back what he himself said. , no one can hide it. Words and deeds are the key to governing a country. Gentlemen of integrity can use them to change the world. Combining many small talents, great achievements can be established. Being able to make great achievements in the smallest details Be prudent in behavior, and his virtue will be manifested in the world. A person who keeps accumulating kindness is like the days after spring, which grow longer every day without feeling it. A person who keeps doing evil things is like using fire to burn fat (like Lighting candles), daily wear and tear, also has no feeling. It is for this reason that Yiqi Fangxun (Tang) and Yao Chonghua (Yu) have a good reputation, while Silugui (Jie) and Zishouxin (Zhou) are Trapped in a state of mourning and fear.
"Happiness without adultery, repeated good deeds without getting tired, is the so-called 'Tao'. As long as you grasp the 'Tao', you will not be corrupted for thousands of generations. But you are corrupted because you have lost the 'Tao'. Once upon a time The "Tao" of the sage king must have been neglected, and the government has gone the wrong way. It is also very easy to correct it. As long as you notice the neglect and use it to correct the malpractice, you can return to normal. Three Kings (Si Wen Ming, Zitianyi, and Jifa)' Dao's are not from the same source, but they are not opposite, but complement each other, because each person encounters different difficulties and responds to them in different ways. Confucius said: "Wuwei And Zhi (governing the country with a "do nothing" attitude), could it be Yao Chonghua!' Yao Chonghua changed Zhengshuo (re-established the calendar), changed the color of clothes, just obeyed the will of heaven, and everything else, followed his predecessor Why does the system established by Yi Qi Fangxun need to be changed!
"So, although the sage king changed the system in name, he still kept the original system in essence. However, the Xia Dynasty advocated loyalty, the Shang Dynasty advocated respect, and the Zhou Dynasty advocated etiquette. The center of gravity. Confucius said: "The Shang Dynasty inherited the system of the Xia Dynasty, and the increase or decrease is clear at a glance. The Zhou Dynasty inherited the system of the Shang Dynasty, and the increase or decrease is also clear at a glance. In the future, it will always be inseparable from the regime of the Zhou Dynasty. With this track, it can be predicted even a hundred generations later.” This passage points out that the methods of governing the country by the emperors of the next hundred generations will not exceed the scope of the three kings (Si Wenming, Zi Tianyi, Ji Fa) The Xia Dynasty inherited the political system of the Yao Chonghua (Shun) era, but Confucius did not point out any additions or subtractions, because the methods they used were exactly the same, and the political calls they put forward were also exactly the same.
"The original source of 'Tao' comes from the heavens. The heavens do not change, so of course the 'Tao' does not change. So Si Wenming inherited Yao Chonghua, and Yao Chonghua inherited Yiqi Fangxun (Yao). The three sage kings (Si Wen Ming, Yao Chonghua, and Yi Qi Fangxun) abide by the same "Tao", and there are no disadvantages to supplement, and Confucius did not point out their increase or decrease. From this we can see that if the inheritance is a peaceful and prosperous age, the "Tao" The same; if the inheritance is in troubled times, the 'Tao' will change.
"Nowadays, the Western Han Dynasty rose after the great chaos. If we can slightly reduce the complicated and trivial etiquette of the Zhou Dynasty and promote the loyalty of the Xia Dynasty, the ancient times will be modern. Thinking about it, the world is the same, and the modern times are measured by ancient standards. Why is there a difference? So far away? Why has the corruption fallen to this point? I wonder if modern people have lost the ancient methods of managing the country? They have violated the rules of heaven?
"God has its division. If it is given sharp teeth, it will not be given sharp horns. If it is given a pair of wings, it will only be allowed to have two legs. Therefore, accept important things, and cannot ask for secondary ones at the same time. It is necessary. In ancient times, officials were given salaries, and they were not allowed to sell their labor or engage in business. This was also to accept the important ones and exclude the lesser ones, which was the same as the will of heaven. However, modern officials take everything from big to small. Secondary, even heaven can't satisfy him, let alone the world? This is the reason why the common people complain and live in poverty. These officials are favored, honored, and high-ranking, their families are fed and clothed, and they have generous salaries. However, with their strong financial resources, they engaged in industrial and commercial business and competed for profits with the common people. How could the common people resist? At first, they were just a little poor, but after a long time, they finally fell into poverty. The rich became richer, and the poor became more and more sad. He would rather live than die, so why would he be afraid of committing a crime? This is why the number of criminals increases proportionally despite the many and severe punishments.
"The emperor and government officials are role models for the people to emulate and objects of admiration from far and near. People nearby see imitation, and people far away learn from them. Therefore, how can people in high positions behave like ordinary people! Gai can't wait. It is the business of ordinary people to pursue wealth for fear of lack of material. It is the business of government officials to pursue benevolence and righteousness in an open and honest manner for fear of not being able to educate the people. It is said: "If you are negative and multiply, you will bring bandits to you." "Multiple" refers to the official position of a gentleman. "Negative" refers to the things done by ordinary people. It is a warning: officials in high positions, like ordinary people, do business, and disasters will inevitably come. Officials in high positions should have the integrity of a gentleman. It is improper public ceremonies Prime Minister of the State of Lu (Prime Minister), he will not do business. Gongyixiu pulled them out and said angrily: "I have received the salary of the state, how can I hurt the livelihood of the weavers and gardeners?")
"The "Spring and Autumn" has the theory of "great unification". The great unification (the country is governed by the central government and cannot be arbitrarily acted on its own), is the normal track between heaven and earth. It is the "Chunqiu Gongyang Zhuan" that Dong Zhongshu specializes in "Gongyang Zhuan", so he often quotes the theory). Nowadays, the sources of teachers are different, and everyone's opinions are very different. There are a hundred schools of thought, and there is one There are hundreds of methods of governing the country with different conclusions. As a result, those in the upper position cannot stick to one direction. The laws and regulations have changed repeatedly. Those in the lower position suffer from not knowing how to follow them. I am stupid, but I think it should be like this: The theories of other schools within the Six Classics, "Book of Rites", "Book of Music", "Book of Books", and "Spring and Autumn Annals", as well as theories that contradict Confucius' thoughts, should be eradicated and not allowed. They coexist with the Confucian school of thought. Only when those evil and absurd knowledge are eliminated can government orders and guidelines be unified, laws and regulations can be understood, and the people know the rules of action.”
Liu Che thought it was reasonable, so he appointed Dong Zhongshu as the prime minister (Prime Minister) of Jiangdu State (capital Guangling).
Zhuang Zhu, a native of Kuaiji (Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province), also participated in this "virtuous countermeasures" examination and was promoted to a senior state official (Chinese doctor).
The Prime Minister (Prime Minister) Wei Wan played and said: "The virtuous and upright, outspoken and extremely admonishing talents recommended by various places, whoever studies the speeches of Shen Buhai, Han Fei, Su Qin, and Zhang Yi, are all people who disrupt the government. Please dismiss them all." Liu Che approved .
When Dong Zhongshu was young, he specialized in "Spring and Autumn". Liu Qishi, the sixth emperor (Emperor Jing), served as a research officer (doctor).Later, he served as the prime minister of Jiangdu Kingdom and served Jiangdu King (Yi Wang) Liu Fei (the sixth Jingdi Liu Qizi).Liu Fei is the elder brother of Liu Che, the current emperor (seventh Emperor Wu), who has always been proud and fierce.Dong Zhongshu assisted with etiquette and advised him from time to time, and was very respected by Liu Fei.
Bo Yang said:
Dong Zhongshu's "countermeasure" became a sacred "national policy" after Liu Che adopted it.A great change occurred quietly, and the golden age of ideological and academic freedom, which once shone brilliantly, began to sink.In its place was the long and monotonous dark age of Confucianism.Prior to this, Chinese academic circles, like ancient Greece, were full of flowers and schools of thought contending.After that, the Chinese began to be controlled by the Confucian school. As the years went by, the control became stricter, and finally they completely lost the space for imagination and were dying.Confucianism, on the other hand, worships ancestors and emphasizes the past rather than the present, which has caused China's stagnation and produced a peculiar phenomenon. The Confucian system is almost opposed to any reform measures that promote China's progress.Because of being over-consumed, the Chinese are afraid of any reform, and the progress of modernization is extremely slow.As for the ancestor of Confucianism, Kong Qiu, although he also worshiped the ancients, this open-minded, wise, tireless and admirable educator was molded into an inviolable figure under the God-making movement of the Confucian school. The saint, therefore, also bears the notoriety of hindering progress, which is regrettable.
When Confucians mentioned Yingzheng's "burning books and burying Confucianism" (refer to 212 BC), they burst into anger.But they seized the opportunity to kill people with a knife and use political means to put scholars of other schools to death.However, the slow murder was adopted, and people could not see the blood-stained steel knife. However, the facts have shown that the Confucian school has no ability to exist alone. It must combine with the power and pay the price of the combination. It will soon become a thug of the vested interests. .
In name, this countermeasure test was presided over by Emperor Liu Che himself.But this year (140 years ago), Liu Che was only seventeen years old, and he was only a second or third grader in high school, so he could not make this important decision.So in fact, it was a political trick carried out by a group of Confucianists headed by Prime Minister Wei Wan, using the young masters to achieve their goal of rejecting dissidents.The most terrible thing in the world is the unity of thought, because the unity of thought will lead to the decline of IQ and the disappearance of thinking ability.We can't imagine what China would look like if this catastrophe hadn't happened.But when I think of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, when a hundred flowers bloomed and a hundred schools of thought contended, I can't help but be moved and full of longing.
2. Spring, February, forgive the world.
3. The government of the Western Han Dynasty cast three baht coins.
4. In summer, in June, Prime Minister (Prime Minister) Wei Wan was dismissed.
On June 7th, Liu Che appointed Wei Qihou Dou Ying as the prime minister (Prime Minister) and Wu'an Hou Tianfu as the commander-in-chief of the national armed forces (Taiwei).
Liu Che has always loved Confucianism, and Dou Ying and Tian Fu also have the same interest, so they jointly recommended Zhao Wan from Daijun (Yuxian County, Hebei Province) as the Chief Inspector (Censor), and Lanling (Southwest Lanling, Cangshan County, Shandong Province). Zang, the king of Lingzhen, was the commander of the court guard (Lang Zhongling).Zhao Wan proposed to build the Royal Assembly Hall (Mingtang, Hu Sansheng thinks that "Mingtang" is: "The hall of the king, so it is four o'clock, and it is out of education." It seems to be an observatory and the Ministry of Education. But Weiyang Palace already has the Jinluan Palace, but it is special. It is emphasized that the "Ming Tang" is a place of pilgrimage for the emperor of the country. I am afraid that it is a huge building to show authority and boast to the world. It is no different from the Afang Palace in the Qin Dynasty. It is just that the "Ming Tang" comes from the suggestion of the Confucian school. Instead, it became a benevolent government) and used it as a pilgrimage for the monarchs of various states. Zhao Wan also recommended his teacher Shen Gong (name unknown) to Liu Che.
In autumn, Liu Che sent people to bring gifts such as silk, satin and precious jade, and sent Anche (a carriage with seats) with wheels wrapped in cattail grass (to prevent it from bumping), driving four horses (in ancient times, Anche used one horse, this time four horses were used) , expressing respect), went to the state of Lu (the capital of Lu County) to meet Duke Shen.After Shen Gong went to the capital Chang'an, he met Liu Che. Liu Che asked about the opportunity to bring order to the chaos. , Hearing Shen Gong's words, I felt a little uncomfortable, and fell silent.However, since you have been invited, you can't be too cold.Therefore, Shen Gong was appointed as a senior state official (Taizhong doctor) to live in the Lu State Hotel in Beijing (capital Chang'an) to participate in the research on the construction of the Royal Assembly Hall (Mingtang), the determination of the emperor's tour regulations, the change of the calendar and the change of clothing colors and other major events .
5. This year (140 years ago), Ning Cheng, the special mayor of the capital Chang'an (Neishi) was found guilty and had his hair shaved (kun) and a chain around his neck.
1. In winter, in October, the Western Han Dynasty (capital Chang'an) Huainan King (capital Shouchun) Liu An entered the dynasty.Liu Che (eighteen years old this year), Emperor of the Western Han Dynasty (seventh emperor of Wu Dynasty), respected Liu An very much because he was an uncle and talented.Every time we met in the afternoon, we had to talk about the evening before we were allowed to leave.Liu An loved Tian Fu very much. When he first arrived in Chang'an, Tian Fu went to Bashang (on the bank of the Dongba River in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province) to greet him, and quietly told Liu An, saying: "The emperor (Liu Che) has no son, and the king (Liu An) is The grandson of Emperor Gao (Liu Bang) is also famous for his benevolence and righteousness, once the emperor dies, who else is qualified to inherit it except you?" Liu An was overjoyed and gave Tian Fu a lot of gold and silver treasures as gifts.
2. Ms. Dou, the empress dowager, loves the theory of Huang Lao (Huang, Huangdi Ji Xuanyuan. Lao, refers to the book "Laozi" written by Li Er. Huang Lao belongs to the Taoist school, advocates pure heart and few desires, simple and clear, and governing by doing nothing), I hate the cumbersome set of Confucianism.Zhao Wan, the chief inspector (doctor censor), naturally hated this old woman, so she suggested to Emperor Liu Che that the government should decide on major plans in the future and not report to the East Palace (the empress dowager lives in Changle Palace, and Changle Palace is in Weiyang Palace where the emperor lives) East).Ms. Dou, the Empress Dowager, gritted her teeth and said, "This person wants to be the second of Xin Yuanping!" Grandson Liu Che handles it.Liu Che was speechless and ordered to revoke the design of the Royal Great Hall (Mingtang); everything else should be stopped.Deliver Zhao Wan and Wang Zang to trial.Zhao Wan and Wang Zang committed suicide.Prime Minister Dou Ying and Commander-in-Chief of the National Armed Forces (Taiwei) Tian Fu were dismissed.Claiming that Shen Gong was ill, he sent him back to the state of Lu (Lu County, the capital).
3. In the beginning, Liu Qishi, the sixth emperor, Shi Fen, the master of the prince (Prince Taifu), had a salary of two thousand stones (sound dan), and four sons, all of whom were ministers.Liu Qisui called Shi Fen "Wan Shijun".Shi Fen did not receive much education, but he behaved in the world with humility and respect, which was unparalleled.When the descendants are low-level officials, Shi Fen must wear the official uniform of the court to meet them when they go home to meet. He only calls the descendants by their official titles, not their names.When the children and grandchildren made mistakes, they didn't blame them. They just sat on the sidelines and refused to swallow the food.Then the sons blamed themselves, and the elders took off their shirts, exposed their arms, pleaded guilty to him, promised to correct, and then nodded.When his descendants were fourteen or fifteen years old (Sheng Guan), beside him, even on ordinary days, he was neatly dressed.When there is a funeral, everyone mourns and mourns.The children and grandchildren obey the teachings, and they are all famous for their filial piety and prudent behavior in the feudal country or county to which they belong.
Later, Zhao Wan and Wang Zang were punished for using dance and writing.Ms. Dou, the Empress Dowager, found that Confucian scholars talked too much about morality and benevolence and righteousness, but they rarely practiced it.Shi Fen is a tutor, he doesn't talk much, he only knows how to practice, which is worthy of admiration.So Shi Fen's eldest son, Shi Jian, was appointed as the commander of the court guard (Lang Zhongling), and his youngest son, Shi Qing, was appointed as the special mayor of the capital Chang'an (Internal History).Shi Jian served Liu Qi, the sixth emperor, and when he made suggestions on matters, he always spoke freely when there was no one around.When the officials were in the early court, they were very slow, as if they were not good at words.For this reason, Liu Qi trusted him very much.Shi Qing once served as Minister of Communications (a servant) and drove Liu Qi out of the palace. Liu Qi asked how many horses were used for the car?Shi Qing counted with a whip, then raised his hand, and replied, "Six horses." Shi Qing was the most concise among Shi Fen's sons.
4. Since Dou Ying and Tian Fu were dismissed, they each lived at home as marquises.However, although Tian Fu was not an official in the government, he was the half-brother of the Empress Dowager Wang Zhi. He was very trusted by Liu Che, and all his suggestions were accepted by Liu Che, showing that he still had power.The snobs and sycophants left Dou Ying one after another and joined Tian Fu's sect.Tian Fu became more arrogant and domineering day by day.
5. Spring, February 1st, solar eclipse.
6. On February 10th (the original text was mistakenly placed in March, according to "Historical Records Chronology of Ministers and Ministers Since Hanxing"), Liu Che was promoted to Minister of Sacrifice (Taichang) Bai Zhihou Xuchang as Prime Minister (Prime Minister).
7. At first, Chen Wu, Marquis of Tangyi, married Liu Che's aunt, Princess Guantao, Liu Xing. Liu Che was able to become the prince. Liu Xing had tried his best (refer to 151 years ago), so he married his daughter Chen Jiao. Liu Che became the princess.After Liu Che ascended the throne, Chen Jiao became the empress logically.Liu Xing (Taizhu Dou) relied on these merits and greedy to snatch them without end, which made Liu Che very big.And Empress Chen Jiao, who has no son (the empress's childlessness is a disaster), is proud and jealous. She once rewarded the doctor with 90 million yuan and asked the doctor to help her have a son, but she was unable to have a son.Liu Che's love for her gradually declined.The mother-in-law Wang Zhi said to Liu Che: "You have just sat on the throne, and the high-level officials have not yet fully obeyed. A while ago, you built the Royal Great Hall (Mingtang), and grandma was not happy. Now if you offend my aunt, you will be severely punished. Woman Ladies, you like to hear nice words, so you have to be careful." Liu Che was startled, and slightly restored his previous attitude towards his aunt Liu whoring and empress Chen Jiao.
8. Liu Che went to Bashang to hold a sacrifice to eliminate evil and eliminate disasters. On the way back to the palace, he passed by his sister Princess Pingyang's house and fell in love with the singing girl Wei Zifu.Wei Zifu's mother, Ms. Wei, is a servant of Princess Pingyang's family.Princess Pingyang sent Wei Zifu into the palace, and Liu Che doted on her and paid more and more attention to her.When Queen Chen Jiao found out, she lost her mind due to jealousy, she cried, made trouble, hanged herself, committed suicide several times, but luckily she was saved.As a result, Liu Che did not give in, but was furious instead.
Zheng Ji, the father of Wei Zifu's younger brother Wei Qing, was originally a low-level employee of the county government in Pingyang County (Linfen City, Shanxi Province), and was sent to the family of Hou Ye (Pingyang Hou Caoshou, the husband of Princess Pingyang).She had an affair with Ms. Wei, who was a young maidservant at the time, and gave birth to a son named Wei Qing after her mother's surname.Wei Qing is getting older, and works as a stable boy in Lord Hou's house.In order to avenge the queen's daughter Chen Jiao, Liu Xing sent someone to arrest Wei Qing and attempted to kill him.Wei Qing's friend, Gongsun Ao, the guard officer of the cavalry (Qi Lang), and a group of heroes launched a surprise attack to rescue Wei Qing.When Liu Che got the report, he immediately summoned Wei Qing and appointed him as the administrator of Jianzhang Palace (Jianzhang Palace Supervisor) and court attendant (Servant), with great rewards.Within a few days, as much as 240,000 taels of gold.Soon after, Wei Zifu was made a wife (the first rank of concubine), and Wei Qing was promoted to a middle-level state official (Taizhong doctor).
9. In summer, April, at night, a giant star like the sun suddenly appears in the sky.
10. Establish Maoling County (northeast of Xingping City, Shaanxi Province, where Liu Che pre-built his tomb).
11. At that time, the high-level officials involved in the decision-making were deeply resentful of Chao Cuo's unjust death (refer to 154 years ago), so they suppressed the monarchs and princes of various countries, constantly exposed their crimes, and found fault with the trivial. to torture the officials of the feudal state, so that they can prove that their masters have broken the law.The monarchs and princes of all the countries are all resentful.
1. Winter, October, the Western Han Dynasty (capital Chang’an) Dai Wang (capital Jinyang) Liu Deng, Changsha King (capital Linxiang) Liu Fa, Zhongshan King (capital Lunu) Liu Sheng, Jichuan King (capital Jiyang) ) Liu Ming, to the capital Chang'an to meet.Liu Che (nineteen years old this year), the emperor of the Western Han Dynasty (seventh emperor of Wu Dynasty), hosted a banquet in hospitality. Liu Sheng couldn't help crying when he heard the sound of playing music.Liu Che asked him why, and Liu Sheng said: "The long-term sorrow is accumulated in my chest, even hearing someone sigh, it will touch my emotions. My heart is too melancholy. Every time I hear a small voice, I don't know why I have such mixed feelings. .I am favored and favored in a distant position, and I can be a vassal in the East. In terms of seniority, His Majesty calls me brother. But government officials don’t even have such a kinship relationship. I am just like a feather, without any weight. But However, they formed cliques for selfish purposes, attacked at will, and friends colluded with each other, so that the royal family was ostracized. Like ice, it gradually melted and disappeared, and I was very sad in my heart." Then the case of the central officials robbing and insulting the princes, one by one a report.Liu Che had a big accident, so he increased the courtesy to the princes of the feudal country, and ordered the competent unit to reduce the constraints on the princes of the feudal country, and increase the kindness to the royal family.
2. The Yellow River burst in Pingyuan County (Pingyuan County, Shandong Province).
3. There is a great famine in the whole country, people kill each other and devour each other's corpses. (Original text: "People eat each other". Three simple words contain so many tears.)
4. In autumn and July, a star (a meteor whose tail is shorter than a comet) appears in the northwest sky.
5. Liu Ming, the king of Jichuan, murdered the prince and tutored the eunuch (the Zhongfu had a lower status than the Taifu, but his job was the same as the "Taifu"), and demoted Fangling (Fang County, Hubei Province).
6. At the end of the Seven Kingdoms Rebellion (refer to 154 years ago), Liu Ju, the prince of Liu Bi, King Wu (capital Guangling), fled to Minyue Kingdom (capital Dongye), and hated Donghai Kingdom (capital Dongou) for trapping and killing him His father kept encouraging Minyue to attack the East China Sea.This year (138 years ago), the Minyue Kingdom finally launched an attack and surrounded Dongou. Luo Wang, the king of the East China Sea, sent someone to ask for help from the Han Dynasty.
Liu Che asked Tian Fu for his opinion, and Tian Fu said: "It is a common thing for Yue people to attack each other repeatedly. That area was abandoned during the Qin Dynasty (the end of the third century BC), and it did not belong to China. They work hard." Zhuang Zhu said: "The question is whether we have the strength to rescue and protect? If we can, why not? The Qin Dynasty even abandoned its capital Xianyang, not only the southern Yue people? Now the small country is in danger, so what to do Our country asks for help, but if we don’t save them, who will they complain about? Why did the emperor (Liu Che) submit to all nations?” Liu Che said: “Tian Fu’s opinion is not good enough. However, I have not been on the throne for a long time, and I don’t want to use the tiger talisman (cast copper as a plate) , write words on it or engrave a tiger statue, don't open it in the middle, put half in the palace, half in the local government, as a token. Refer to 258 BC) to recruit the county militia." So Zhuang Zhuang was sent to "chijie" , Go to Kuaiji County (Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province) to recruit troops.Due to illegal regulations, the governor of Kuaiji refused to send troops (tiger charms must be used to send troops).Zhuang Zhu was furious, and killed a military and political officer (Sima) who was the most opposed to sending troops, conveyed the emperor's (Liu Che) order, and explained the reason for not using the tiger talisman.Kuaiji County did not dare to resist, so it mobilized the army and went south with a fleet to rescue the Kingdom of the East China Sea.
Before the army arrived, the Minyue Kingdom had already retreated.The Kingdom of the East China Sea is afraid that the Kingdom of Minyue will attack again, and requires the people of the whole country to emigrate to the Central Plains.西汉政府批准，东海国王骆望遂率领全国人民内迁（东海王国故土遂成为真空地带）。西汉政府把他们安置在长江、淮河之间江淮平原地带。
7. On September 30, a solar eclipse.
8、刘彻自从即位之始，招揽天下高级知识分子，不拘束正常文官制度，给予擢升。四方人才，上书讨论国事得失，展示自己能力的，多达一千余人。刘彻选拔优秀的，赐给特别荣耀。庄助最先受到任命，后来又有吴郡（即会稽郡·江苏省苏州市）人朱买臣（他的前妻因他贫穷要求离婚，最后出现“马前泼水”一剧，闻名于世）、赵国（首府邯郸）人吾丘寿王（吾丘，复姓）、蜀郡（四川省成都市）人司马相如（文学家，他的传奇性婚姻，是文学史上的佳话）、平原（山东省平原县）人东方朔（中国历史上第一位幽默大师）、吴郡人枚皋、济南郡（首府东平陵）人终军等，刘彻都安置在自己左右，往往使他们跟高官辩论，双方各自发表意见，高官们往往屈服。其中司马相如以善于撰写“辞”“赋”的缘故，尤其受到特别宠幸。东方朔、枚皋，口才敏捷，从不引经据典，但言谈幽默，刘彻不过把他们当做戏剧演员看待，虽不断赏赐，却不使他们担任官职。东方朔同样察言观色，经常进言规劝，对政治也有补益。
9、本年（前一三八年），刘彻开始改穿平民服装，私自出游（刘彻正是精力充沛的叛逆年龄），北到池阳（陕西省泾阳县），西到黄山（黄山宫，陕西省兴平市西南），南到长杨（长杨宫，陕西省周至县），东到宜春（宜春宫，陕西省西安市东南）。跟左右年轻侍从们，约定在殿门外秘密会合，乘夜出发，自称平阳侯（平阳侯曹寿是刘彻姐夫）。天快亮时，抵达终南山（秦岭山脉）麓，射鹿、逐狐、赶兔，乱马奔腾，践踏农人田地庄稼。农夫们高声呼叫，诟詈咒骂（中国人诟骂，好侮辱对方祖先，活皇帝亲耳听到对自己祖先咒骂，刘彻还是第一人）。户县（陕西省户县）、杜县（陕西省西安市东南）县长动员民兵围捕，杀声震天。侍从们无法逃脱，最后只好亮出皇帝信物，才免去一难。
刘彻又曾半夜闯进柏谷（河南省灵宝县西。柏谷距长安航空距离一百八十千米，这次可是出奇的远），投宿客栈，马嘶人喧，傲慢无礼，大声吆喝客栈老板，教他泡茶。客找老板愤愤说：“没有茶，只有尿！”怀疑刘彻这群无赖是盗贼匪徒，悄悄集结镇上少年，打算攻击。老板娘看为首的刘彻，长相跟一般人不一样，阻止她丈夫说：“客人恐怕不是平凡之辈，而且看情形他们戒备森严，千万不可动手。”客栈老板不肯。老板娘把他灌醉，捆绑起来，已集结的那些少年群龙无首，才一哄而散。老板娘杀鸡宰鸭，向客人们道歉。第二天，刘彻回到长安，召见老板娘，赏赐黄金千斤，任命她的丈夫当羽林军警卫武士（羽林郎）。
由于这次危险，刘彻遂设立秘密旅舍（更衣），从宣曲（宣曲宫）以南，凡十二处，不再住民家客栈。不及投宿旅舍时，则投宿长杨（长杨宫，陕西省周至县）、五柞（五柞宫，长杨宫东北）等宫。
10、刘彻对这些措施，仍不满意，盖道路太远，十分辛苦，而又顾虑人民的反感。于是命中级国务宫（太中大夫）吾丘寿王，登记阿城（阿房宫，陕西省西安市西）以由、盩厔（陕西省周至县东）以东、宜春以西，调查田亩总数，估计价格，准备全部划入御花园（上林苑）范围，使御花园可以直连终南山（秦岭山脉）。再下令首都长安瞥备区司令（中尉）、北长安市长（左内史）、首都长安特别市长（右内史），呈报辖区内荒田，打算把户县、杜县的农民，全部迁移。吾丘寿王报告他调查的结果，刘彻大为兴奋。
当时东方朔正在旁边，警告说：“终南山，是屏障关中（陕西省中部）的天险。西汉王朝兴起，抛开三河（河内、河南、河东——指洛阳），迁居霸水、浐水之西，定都泾水、渭河之南，这里正是所谓的天下'陆海之地'（大海生产万物，而关中虽是陆地，却跟大海一样富饶）。秦王朝就用这里资本，西吞西戎，东吞六国。终南山出产玉石、金、银、铜、铁、木材，各种工业，靠它生存，人民也仰仗它维持生活。而且陛下划定的地区，出产稻米、黍米，种有梨树、桑树、麻、竹。土地生长生姜、山芋，水塘盛满青蛙及鱼类。穷苦的人可以温饱，不忧虑饥寒。所以酆邑（陕西省长安县西北马天镇）、镐京（周王朝首都·陕西省西安市西镐京镇）之间，世人认为是最肥沃的土壤，每亩田地要卖到黄金一斤。而今把它划入陛下的御花园，根绝人民林产渔业的利益，夺取人民最肥沃的土地，减少赋税收入，使国家财政困难。又夺取农田蚕桑，使人民生活穷苦，这是不可以这样做的第一个理由。全力培养充满荆棘杂草的林木，拼命扩张狐狸、野兔的领域，一意开拓狼虎狮豹的巢穴，却摧毁平民祖宗的坟墓，拆除平民的住宅房屋，使年幼的思念他们的故土，年老的悲泣他们被逐的命运，这是不可以这样做的第二个理由。政府辛辛苦苦经营这块土地，在四周筑起高墙，团团围住，猎骑东西驰骋，御车南北奔跑，而地面上却遍布深沟山涧，为了一时的快乐，忘了有随时倾覆的危险，这是不可以这样做的第三个理由。当初，商王朝兴筑'九市'之宫（子受辛在他的皇宫，设置九市，做起生意），而封国叛变。芈围（楚王国十任王灵王）兴筑'章华'之台（芈围在今湖北省潜江市西南二十五千米，建章华台，盖世豪华。参考前五三五年），而楚王国人民离散。秦王朝兴筑阿房宫，天下大乱。我这个像粪土般的臣属，顶撞陛下的兴致，罪该万死。”
刘彻欣然擢升东方朔当中级国务官（太中大夫）兼御前监督官（给事中），赏赐黄金一百斤。然而，却并不接纳东方朔的规劝，仍照原计划行事，把人民逐出乡土，扩大御花园（上林苑）工程，批准吾丘寿王奏报的方案。
11、刘彻血气方刚，喜爱亲自搏斗狗熊、野猪，追逐禽兽（这些都是随时可能丧生的冒险），司马相如上书规劝说：“我听说，种类虽然相同，而能力却并不相同。所以力量巨大的，都称道乌获（前四世纪秦王国大力士，受到秦二任王嬴荡欣赏）。行动敏捷的，都称道吴庆忌（前六世纪吴王国五任王吴僚的儿子，吴僚被堂弟吴光暗杀后，吴光为了斩草除根，再派人刺杀吴庆忌）。勇敢强梁的，都称道孟贲、夏育（孟贲，就是孟说，跟乌获同时受嬴荡重用，后来跟嬴荡同时举鼎，嬴荡筋断骨折而死，秦政府诛杀孟贲全族。参考前三〇七年。夏育，知名度不如前述三人，事迹也少，只知是周王朝壮士，可以拉着牛的尾巴倒着走）。以我的愚鲁，了解人类中确实有此等特殊人物。问题是，野兽中也同样如此。陛下喜爱跳越山沟，闯荡险隘，追杀猛兽，万一突然间遇到一个特殊的对手，来一个猝不及防，冒犯陛下车队扬起的灰尘，到那时候，车轮来不及转头，卫士来不及反应，虽然有乌获、逢蒙（半信史时代的神射手）的惊人绝技，也无从援手。那个时候，似乎一棵枯木、一根朽枝，都在那里跟陛下为难。好像是：南北胡越，从车下冒出，东西羌夷，从车后跳起（中国对四方少数民族，有概括的名称，北方的称胡，南方的称越，东方的称夷，西方的称狄或羌），岂不危险万状。虽然陛下出猎，有精密的保护，万分安全，然而天子根本就不应该做这件事。普通情形下，天子如果外出，都要先行戒严，行人断绝。车队在大道中央奔驰，马匹的缰绳还可能断裂，发生意外。何况飞奔在茂草之中，跳跃在丘陵之上，前进有搏取野兽的刺激，内心又根本不防突发事件，灾害之来，并不困难。看轻皇帝宝座的重要性，认为没有趣味，而去冒这种一万次平安，只一次差错便不得了的危险，认为这才是快乐。我认为陛下不应这样做，因为聪明的人，能看到隐藏的祸苗；智慧的人，能在不动声色中躲开危难。祸患每每埋伏在微小隐秘的地方，而在人们忽略它的时候爆发。所以俗谚说：'家有千两黄金的财产，就不坐在屋檐底下。'（预防瓦掉下来击中头顶。）这固然是民间的一句话，可以比喻大事。”
刘彻认为他的意见好极（刘彻虽然认为司马相如的意见好极，但他照样干他所喜欢的打猎勾当）。
1、夏季，大风，尘沙卷起，颜色赤红如血。
2、六月，旱灾。
3、秋季，九月，东北天际出现孛星（一种尾巴光芒比彗星短的流星）。
4、本年（前一三七年），南越王国（首都番禺）国王（一任武王）赵佗逝世，孙赵胡继位（二任），是为文王。
1、春季，西汉王朝政府（首都长安）撤销三铢钱（行使三铢钱，参考前一四〇年），改铸半两钱（钱上文字“半两”，应为五铢，事实上只重四铢）。
2、设立五经研究官。（五经博士——博士、《书经》博士、《春秋公羊传》博士、《礼经》博士、博士。称五经而不称六经，因《乐经》早已失传之故。）
3、夏季，五月，蝗虫成灾。
4、秋季，八月，广川王（首府信都）刘越、清河王（首府清阳）刘乘（二人皆六任景帝刘启子），先后逝世，没有儿子，封国撤除。
1、春季，二月三日，西汉王朝（首都长安）辽东郡（辽宁省辽阳市）刘邦（一任高祖）祭庙失火。
2、夏季，四月二十一日，刘邦坟墓侧殿（高园。今陕西省咸阳市东北二十千米）失火。西汉帝（七任武帝）刘彻（本年二十二岁）穿素色衣服五天（表示有罪及哀悼）。
3、五月二十六日，太皇太后窦女士（五任文帝刘恒妻）逝世。
4、六月三日，宰相（丞相）许昌免职，任命武安侯田蚡继任宰相。
田蚡是刘彻的舅父，骄傲奢侈，住宅广大豪华，田园尽是肥沃之地。派往各郡县购买物品的专使，在道路上络绎不断。大量接受四方贿赂，家中金玉、美女、犬马、音乐，各种娱乐，不可胜数，都属天下第一流品质。每入朝奏事，跟刘彻对坐，很久很久才告辞。所提的建议，都被采纳。所推荐的官员，一下子就擢升到部长级位置（二千石），几乎剥夺了皇帝（刘彻）的权力，威震全国。有一次，在他大批的要求任命官员时，压抑已久的刘彻，愤愤的问：“你用人用完了没有？我也打算用人！”田蚡为了扩建他的住宅，请求把兵工厂（考工）的土地划给他，刘彻脸色大变，说：“你为什么不占领皇家军械库（武库）？”田蚡发现他错估了他的外甥，以后稍稍收敛。
5、秋季，八月，东方天际出现孛星，残光横扫，久不消失。
6、闽越王国（首都东冶）国王骆郢，派大军攻击南越王国（首都番禺）边界。南越王国国王（二任文王）赵胡，谨遵汉朝的约束，不敢发兵抵抗，派人到长安呈递紧急报告。刘彻对南越王国的态度，十分嘉许，下令出动大军，南下赴援。任命外籍官民接待总监（大行）王恢，由豫章郡（江西省南昌市）出兵，农林部长（大农令）韩安国，由会稽郡（江苏省苏州市）出兵，两路攻击闽越王国。
淮南王（首府寿春）刘安上书劝阻，说：“陛下君临天下，推广德行，实施恩惠，国家太平，人民安乐，都以为这一辈子不再有兵荒马乱。而今听说主管单位将集结武装部队，讨伐闽越王国，我以为陛下应慎重考虑。闽越（福建省）本不是中国领土，乃是化外之民，断发文身（中原人一直留长发，蛮夷则只留短发，而且身刺花纹），完全是野蛮民族，不可以用我们文明国家的尺度衡量。
“即令三代（夏王朝、商王朝、周王朝）盛世，北方的胡人、南方的越人，都不用中国正朔（每月一日称“朔”，“正朔”，指中国历法。自上古直到二十世纪清王朝末年，每年年尾，中央政府都要颁布下年度的日历，宣布每月天数，指出每月一日的正确位置。到了后来，年号制度兴起，“正朔”遂包括年号，甚至专指年号。凡是不接受正朔——不接受这个“年号”或另立“年号”的，就是背叛。柏杨版不用年号，如果生在十九世纪以前，柏杨早三族屠灭）。并不是汉朝不够强大，不能征服他们，也不是汉朝没有权威，不能控制他们。只因为他们居住在不毛之地，又是不堪教化的野人，没有资格麻烦汉朝。
“自从西汉王朝平定天下，已有七十二年。百越各部落互相攻击的次数，不知凡几，天子都没有派遣大军深入。据我了解，百越之地（包括闽越王国和南越王国）并没有城镇乡村，人民杂住山谷之间、竹林之中，习惯于水上战斗，善于驾驶舟船。草木茂盛，上遮天日，地面幽暗，而处处水流。中国本土之人，不知道险恶而深入其地，一百个人抵挡不住一个人。百越的土地，一片蛮荒，攻打它不能立即征服，得到它不能设立郡县。在地面测量它的山川要塞，相距不过几寸，事实上却往往相距数百里，甚至数千里。竹林、树林、山水，无不险恶，地图上不能完全显示。看起来很容易，真正身临其境，才会发现困难。
“感谢祖先在天之灵，保佑国家太平，满头白发的老人，都没有见过兵器。民间夫妇得以长久相守，父子得以长期相保，这都是陛下的恩德。百越人民，名义上虽然是我们的属国，实际上从不向汉朝呈献任何贡品，也从不为汉朝派遣任何差役。他们自己互相攻击，陛下却发兵救援，反而是为了他们的事，劳动汉朝军民。向且，百越的人，愚蠢轻浮，毁弃约定，违背誓言，反复无常，拒绝奉行汉朝的法令制度，并不是变态，而是经年累月的正常情况。偶尔不接受命令，就动员大军，前往诛杀，恐怕以后会不断发兵，没完没了。
“近几年来，农作物歉收，人民穷苦，有的出卖他的爵位，有的典当他的子女，只为了糊口果腹。幸蒙陛下宽厚恩德，赈济救助，得以不辗转死于沟壑。前年农田没有收成，去年又逢蝗灾，人民的创伤还没有复原。今年却发兵到数千里之外，自带粮食衣服，深入蛮荒，山路险峻，不能使用车辆，全靠肩挑。北方人不懂水性，只好用双手拉动船舶，仅此就有数百数千里。再加以竹林深密，浅滩连接，船只跟乱石相撞，竹林中又隐藏毒蛇猛兽。夏季正热，上吐下泻，霍乱等传染病，势将接连不断。还没有作战，我们已死伤狼藉。
“从前，南越王国叛变（四任后少帝刘弘在位，派隆虑侯周灶攻击南越王国。参考前一八一年），我父亲刘长（淮南王）派将军简忌出征，把所俘虏的军队，安置在上淦（江西省樟树市境）之后，即行撤退。那时正是盛夏，酷热而又大雨不停。中央军的战士，日夜挤在船上，撑篙划桨，没有交战而病死的，在半数以上。父母流泪，孤儿哀哭，人亡家破，产业一空。父老们到千里外找到尸体，肉已腐烂，只好把骸骨包裹，运回故乡安葬。悲凉凄惨的气氛，多少年都不能平息。老一辈的人，至今记忆犹新，还没有深入百越的领土（浙江省南部、福建省及南岭以南），而灾难已如此严重。
“陛下的德行，可配天地。陛下的明察，如同日月。恩德及于禽兽，爱心推广到草木。只要有一个人饿死、冻死，不能终其天年，都会悲怆。而今，国家领土之内，一派升平，连狗叫的震惊都没有，却使皇家武装部队，面对死亡，尸首横在原野之上，鲜血沾满山谷。边界荒城，很早就关闭，很晚才开启，人心忧恐，朝不保夕，我认为陛下会重视这种现象。
“不熟悉南方百越情形的人，总以为百越人口众多，兵力强大，能够威胁沿边城市。当淮南国尚未被分割为三国之时（五任文帝刘恒，把淮南国分为三国：淮南国、衡山国、庐江国。参考前一六四年），淮南国的人在边境当官吏的很多。我所了解的跟别人所了解的完全不同。盖百越境内高山峻岭，互相隔绝，人烟稀少，车辆不能通行。是上天的旨意，使汉族跟越人保持相当距离。倘使他们要攻击汉族，只有一条路，那就是必须顺赣江（赣江，发源于大庾岭，自江西省南部流向北部，于南昌市东北注入鄱阳湖）而下。而赣江两岸，悬崖绝壁，浅滩湍急，能使小船粉碎，而又无法用大船运送粮食。所以，在发动攻击之前，非在馀干（江西省余干县）先行集结，耕田囤粮不可。其次，还得砍伐山林，制造战舰。汉族边城戒备森严，遇到百越人民上山砍柴，一定逮捕，还会焚烧他们的粮食。即令所有的百越部落联合行动，对边城也无可奈何。
“然而，主要的是，百越（闽越王国及南越王国）人民的战斗力如同棉花一样的软弱，又天资浅薄，没有人才。不能在陆上作战，更没有骑兵弓箭。我们之所以不可深入，不是恐惧他们反抗，而是恐惧他们地理环境险恶，汉人无法适应。我听说，闽越王国的军队，不下数十万，我们如果攻击，必须用五倍的兵力，而后勤补给人员，还不包括在内。南方不但酷热，而且潮湿，夏天气候更如火烧。汉朝军队在水畔扎营，露天而居，毒蛇毒虫，使疾病丛生。刀枪还没有染到敌人的血，已死亡十之二三。即令把他们全国人民都俘虏到手，也不能补偿我们的损失。
“我得到的情报说：闽越的王弟骆甲，已杀掉闽越王骆郢，然后骆甲也被击斩（骆甲即骆馀善，刘安上书时风闻王弟杀兄，但不知王弟之名，故称"甲”），人民散乱，有归属。陛下如果招降，像待东海王国（首都东瓯）一样，把他们也迁移到中原，应该派一位重要官员前往安抚。用恩德和奖赏，打动他们心意，他们一定会扶老携幼，归附陛下。如果陛下不需要他们的人，那么，不妨为他们另立君王，使断绝的世代，重新继续，已亡的国家，再度建立。分封王爵、侯爵，使他们作为汉朝的藩属。他们必然送人质到汉朝，永为藩臣，世世代代一心效忠。假若如此，陛下只要刻一个小小的官印，编织一丈二尺长的丝带，就可以镇服化外之民。不使一个战士劳动，不使一根铁戟钝挫（杀人多时，武器受损），恩威同时俱在。
“而今，大军攻击，一旦进入闽越国境（福建省），他们必定震惊恐惧，认为将被屠杀灭种，势将逃到竹林深山之中。如果不理他们，即行班师，他们会再聚集。如果留下来驻防，几年之来，官兵全都疲惫，粮秣缺乏，人民苦于供应，贼盗趁此机会，势将纷纷兴起。据老一辈的人说，秦政府时，曾派民兵司令官（尉）屠睢，攻击百越（浙江省南部、福建省及南岭以南）；又派郡政府监察官（监）禄（姓不详），开山凿路，迫使百越人民入山更深，逃得更远，想攻击却找不到对象。大军扎营旷野，时日一久，官兵疲劳不堪。百越趁势反攻，秦军大败，秦政府不得不大量增援，使内外骚动，民不聊生，官兵们一个接一个逃亡，变成盗匪，遂引起山东（崤山以东）一连串暴动（指六国皇族后裔蜂起，参考前二〇九年）不止。
“军事行动，是一种凶险大事。某方面一旦紧急，四方都竖起耳朵，我害怕从此发生变故，激起奸邪。我听说：天子的军队，有讨伐而没有战争，意思是没有一