Chapter 32 2nd century 50s BC (150-141 BC)

1. In winter, on the day of Jiyou in November (Xinyoushuo of this month, there is no Jiyou), the emperor of the Western Han Dynasty (capital Chang'an) (the sixth Jingdi) Liu Qi (39 years old this year) deposed the prince Liu Rong and changed his title to Lin King Jiang (capital Jiangling).Liu Rong's master (Prince Taifu) Dou Ying strongly protested, but was irreparable, so he had to claim illness and resign.Li Ji died of hatred. Bo Yang said: The first battle of the court of the Western Han Dynasty took place at the beginning of this century (the second century before). Lu Zhi won a complete victory after numerous humiliation and setbacks;Forty years later, in the 1950s, the second struggle broke out. Wang Zhi and Li Ji died for the rest of their lives, and the mother and son of the loser also died.The land of the imperial palace is magnificent, with a post at three steps and a sentry at five steps. It is so solemn and solemn, but the inside is a dark and deep hole. There is no law of heaven, human nature, and law of the country, but only power.Once a woman is sucked into a black hole, as Darwin said: "The superior wins and the inferior loses." There are thousands of flowers like jade, which one does not desire to have sex with the only man (the emperor)?And who has a son and does not desire a son to inherit the throne?The weak swallow their breath, and the strong will inevitably annihilate.

Personality causes tragedy, and Li Ji is a specimen. Her beauty is beyond compare. If she is not beautiful, she will not be able to catch the emperor.However, she lacked both knowledge and brains.In the imperial palace, no matter whether it is the queen or the concubine, as long as they are jealous, they must pay the price.The eldest princess Liu Xun kept recommending beauties to her younger brother Liu Qi. Of course Li Ji was not happy, which showed that her mind was far behind her appearance.The emperor's husband is not a civil husband and cannot be monopolized, but must be divided among other beauties.Li Ji, on the other hand, was just like a goose, sulking all the time.Liu Xing's proposal to betroth his daughter to Li Ji's son was an opportunity to resolve the grievances. He couldn't ask for it. The god of luck took the initiative to knock on the door, but Li Ji hit it with a stick. It is the most stupid in the world. Considering Li Ji's dangerous situation when she becomes empress dowager in the future, of course she shoots a poisonous arrow.

Li Ji's biggest mistake was to treat her relationship with the emperor as a civil couple.Once a folk husband loses his temper, he can only give him a good beating, but if the emperor's husband turns his back on him, his head will fall to the ground.Liu Xun warned his younger brother, "You love Wang Zhi so much. Once you pass away and Li Ji becomes the empress dowager, I'm afraid there will be a catastrophe for 'Ren Zhi'. See you in this life." She takes care of the children born to other concubines.As soon as Li Ji heard about those vixens, her blood pressure rose, and she immediately put on a straight face, without saying a word.This is not a good sign. If you are not an empress dowager, you are so tough, without even a word of warmth. If there is such a day, wouldn't the palace become a slaughterhouse?Liu Qi stomped away, she called him an "old dog" again, but Liu Qi's sharp ears heard him again.He was only thirty-eight years old last year (151 BC), and he was still a long way from an "old dog".But at this juncture, Wang Zhi used the head of the Protocol Director (Daxing) to provoke Liu Qi, and the situation took a turn for the worse.

Wang Zhi is not an ambitious man, but since he entered the court, he had to take risks.Liu Xun has absolute influence in the court, Li Ji can't see it, but Wang Yan can see that success or failure is pure, and the decision can be made in an instant. 2. On November 30, a solar eclipse. 3. In February, Prime Minister (Prime Minister) Tao Qing was dismissed. On February 16, Liu Qi promoted Zhou Yafu, the commander-in-chief of the national armed forces (Taiwei), to be prime minister and dismissed the post of commander-in-chief of the national armed forces. 4. In summer, on April 17th, Liu Qifeng made Wang Zhi the queen.

5. On April 29, Liu Qifeng made Liu Che (seven years old this year) Prince of Jiaodong (Jimo, the capital). 6. This year (before 150), Liu Qi appointed Minister of Communications (big servant) Liu She (father Xiangxiang, Liu Bangci surname Liu) as the Supreme Inspector (Censor Doctor); he also appointed Jinan County (Shandong Province Zhangqiu City. The Jinan Kingdom was abolished after the Seven Kingdoms Rebellion) the county magistrate (prefect) Zhidu, and he was the commander (lieutenant) of the capital Chang'an Garrison District. At first, Zhidu served as the commander of the royal guard (General Zhonglang), constantly and boldly advising the emperor.Once following Liu Qiyou in the Imperial Garden (Shanglin Garden), when Jia Ji went to the toilet, a wild boar suddenly ran out from nowhere and rushed towards the toilet.Liu Qiang gestured to Zhidu with his eyes, but Zhidu did not move.Liu Qi was in a hurry, jumped up and grabbed the weapon, and wanted to rescue him himself.Zhidu knelt down to block the way, and said: "If one dies, change another. There are so many beauties in the world. Is it only Jia Ji? Even though His Majesty is disregarding his own life, he doesn't think about the country and the Empress Dowager (Empress Dowager)?" Liu Qi had no choice but to stopped, and the wild boar was finally driven away.When Empress Dowager Dou heard about this, she rewarded Zhidu with a hundred catties of gold, and she has relied heavily on him ever since.Zhidu is very strict with people and never opens letters sent to him personally.But doing things honestly and fairly, any gifts or gifts, as well as human sympathy, are not accepted.Please see me, but I don't care.After being appointed as the commander (lieutenant) of the Chang'an Garrison District in the capital, the law enforcement was strict and even cruel. No matter whether he was a relative of the emperor, a prince or aristocrat, he dared not face up to him when he saw him, for fear of offending him. Nicknamed "Goshawk".

1. In summer, on April 23rd, forgive the world. 2. An earthquake occurred in the original capital of Hengshan State (the capital of Zhuxian County) (the current location is unknown). Hailstones fell from the sky, and the largest one was about one foot and eight inches in diameter. 1. In spring and February, the Xiongnu Khanate (the royal court was located in Harhelin City, Mongolia) invaded the Western Han Dynasty (capital Chang'an) Yan State (capital Jixian). 2. In March, Linjiang King (capital Jiangling) Liu Rong was accused of encroaching on the space outside the wall of his grandfather and fifth emperor Liu Heng's sacrificial temple (Taizong Temple) when expanding the palace.Emperor Liu Qi (41 years old) of the Western Han Dynasty (sixth Emperor Jing) issued an edict ordering Liu Rong to go to the capital Chang'an Garrison Command (Zhongwei's Mansion) to await interrogation.After Liu Rong reported for duty, he was imprisoned. He asked to borrow a knife and pen to write a letter to his father (there was no paper at that time, and writing was not writing, but carving words on bamboo boards with a knife, so the knife must be used as a pen), and Zhidu ordered Prison officer, don't give it to him.Wei Qihou Dou Ying sent someone to smuggle it in, and Liu Rong was able to leave a suicide note and commit suicide after writing it.Empress Dowager Dou was furious when she learned of her grandson's tragic death.Later, he used legal provisions to kill Zhidu.

Bo Yang said: Occupying the space outside the emperor's sacrificial temple wall is not a heinous crime.At the beginning, Chao Cuo had done this kind of thing, and Liu Qi thought it was commonplace (refer to June 155).Why is he so lenient towards his subjects and so harsh towards his own son?Obviously, there is an ulterior conspiracy in it, which can be traced back to Wang Zhi and Liu whoring, and they want to kill the grass. Zhidu is listed in "Historical Records" and "Hanshu" in "Biography of Cruel Officials". His merits are admirable, but when he is strict to the extent of cruelty, he loses his humanity. He doesn't know what loyalty is?What is righteousness?But a beast that only knows who the establishment is.Once Liu Qi committed crimes in his hands, he would still ravage them.Zhi didn't save Jackie, but was afraid of wild boars.Stopping Liu Qi from rushing later, he only considered the consequences of whether he could be saved or not.As he blamed: "Why don't you think about the empress dowager", so full of love, and treat the empress dowager's beloved grandson harshly, wouldn't it be even more "not thinking about the empress dowager".Anyone who sees that others are about to die under the claws of the beast will be eager to draw their swords to help.Meng Ke said: "A person without compassion is not a human being." Zhidu is exactly like this.

Later, when Zhidu was the magistrate (prefect) of Yanmen County (Youyu County, Shanxi Province), the Xiongnu Khanate used countermeasures to make Zhidu fall into the French net just like Liu Rong. Liu Qi said: "Zhidu He is a loyal minister." He planned to pardon him.Empress Dowager Dou said: "Isn't your son Liu Rong a loyal minister?" So Zhidu was killed.Zhi is in this legal net, and the crime seems to be unworthy of death.Yet his violation of human rights cannot be forgiven. 3. In summer, in April, a star (a meteor whose tail is shorter than a comet) appears in the northwest sky.

4. Liu Qifeng's son Liu Yue was the king of Guangchuan (the capital Xindu), and Liu Ji was the king of Jiaodong (the capital Jimo). 5. In autumn, on September 30, a solar eclipse. 6. In the beginning, Liu Wu, the king of Liang (Xiao) (capital Suiyang), as the younger brother of the emperor Liu Qi, made another military exploit during the Seven Kingdoms Rebellion (refer to 154 years ago).Liu Qi specially allowed him to use the emperor's special banner, with thousands of vehicles and horses as guards, and the police came in and out (police, martial law. He, prohibiting entry. In fact, the police are the people, and the people are the police).Liu Wuchong believed in Yang Sheng and Gongsun Gui, and appointed Gongsun Gui as the commander (lieutenant) of the garrison area of ​​Suiyang (Shangqiu County, Henan Province), the capital.Yang Sheng and Gongsun Gui, with many tricks, encouraged Liu Wu to seek the position of the emperor's heir.

When Liu Rong was deposed, Empress Dowager Dou wanted to teach Liu Wu to inherit the throne.Once at a banquet, he said to Liu Qi: "When you are a hundred years old, you can pass it on to your younger brother (referring to Liu Wu)." Liu Qi knelt up straight and said, "Of course." After the banquet, Liu Qi asked the ministers for their reactions.Yuan Ang and others said: "It must not be possible. In the past, the Song Dynasty (capital Suiyang) Wenjun (the thirteenth Xuangong) Zili did not pass it on to his son, but passed it on to his younger brother Zihe (the fourteenth Duke Mu), causing great disasters. , the fifth generation will not be safe (the sons of the two fought each other, the Song Dynasty was in chaos, and three monarchs died in succession). Small benevolence will hurt righteousness, so "Spring and Autumn" advocates that righteousness is the first." (Dayi first, see "Chunqiu Gongyang Biography", the original text is "Da Juzheng", that is, righteousness should be the master, and should not be shaken by small benevolence and small love.) Therefore, the opinion of Queen Mother Dou will not be discussed anymore.

Liu Wu once asked for permission to build a high-speed road (corridor) from Suiyang (the capital of Liang State, Shangqiu County, Henan Province) to Chang'an Changle Palace (the residence of Empress Dou), so that he could meet his mother at any time (from Suiyang to Chang'an, The air distance is 600 kilometers, and the middle passes through the Xiaoshan Mountains. It has been famous for its dangers since ancient times. It is difficult to build roads. If you build walls between the roads, you can only force the people to rebel and isolate the north and south. How can the people communicate?), Yuan An and others strongly opposed it ( They may focus on the military point of view. If the Liang army rebelled and attacked the capital with a high-speed highway, it would be like entering a land without people).Liu Wu hated Yuan Yi and some officials who opposed him.Therefore, after discussing with Yang Sheng and Gongsun Gui, they secretly dispatched assassins to assassinate Yuan An and more than a dozen other senior officials who insisted on dissent. This was a daring atrocity, but the assassin escaped and could not be captured, the capital Chang'an was greatly shaken.Liu Qi ordered that the murderer must be captured, of course the murderer could not be caught.Liu Qi remembered that it might have something to do with Liang Guo (capital Suiyang).Investigate the circumstances of the case, trace the whereabouts of the assassin, and found that it was indeed sent by Liang Guo.Liu Qi sent Uncle Tian and Lu Jizhu to investigate in Liang State and hunt down Yang Sheng and Gongsun Gui, who hid in Liu Wu's palace. Liu Qi successively sent more than ten imperial envoys to supervise and solve the case.Severely condemn the minister-level officials of the Liang State (two thousand stones), as anxious as sparks, Liang Guo Prime Minister (Prime Minister) Xuanqiu (surname) Bao and Secretary-General (Internal History) Han Anguo, launched a blanket arrest. As if swallowed, there is still no news.Finally, Han Anguo heard that the two were hiding in the palace, so he begged to see Liu Wu, and said in tears: "The leader is humiliated, and his subordinates should die. The king (Liu Wu) did not have excellent cadres, so he made it like this. Now, we have done everything we can. I still can't find Yang Sheng and Gongsun Gui, please execute me, Your Majesty." Liu Wu said, "How could it be so serious?" , compared to Linjiang King (capital Jiangling) Liu Rong, which one is closer?" Liu Wu said: "They are father and son, of course I am not as good as it." Han Anguo said: "Liu Rong was originally the crown prince, just because someone said something In other words, he was demoted to be the king of Linjiang. And he was forced to death in the headquarters of the Chang'an Garrison District (Neutenant's Mansion) in the capital under the guise of offering sacrifices to the temple. Why? Govern the country and not harm the public because of selfishness. Now, the king is only the prince of the country One of them is to believe in the heresy of treacherous ministers, offend the emperor's prohibition, and despise the dignity of the law. Because of the queen mother (Queen Dou), the emperor can't bear to use the law to punish you. But the queen mother cries day and night, hoping that you can change your ways. Your majesty will never Knowing the awakening, have you ever thought that once the queen mother passes away, who will you rely on?" Before he finished speaking, Liu Wu had tears streaming down his face, and apologized to Han Anguo, saying: "I will hand them over today." Order Yang Sheng, Gongsun committed suicide and carried the body out.Liu Qi resented his brother for this. Although the case of murdering a senior official was settled, Liu Qi was very dissatisfied with his brother.Liu Wu was afraid, so he sent Zou Yang to Chang'an (Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province) to meet Wang Zhi's elder brother Wang Xin, and said, "Your sister is favored by the emperor. No one in the palace can compare with you. And your behavior has many aspects." Illegal and unreasonable. Now, the emperor (Liu Qi) is chasing the Yuan An incident. Once Liang Wang (Liu Wu) is executed, the Queen Mother (Queen Dowager Dou) will not be able to express her anger. I hate you dignitaries for not timely rescue. I will take care of you. "Wang Xin said nervously: "Then what should we do?" Zou Yang said: "If you can secretly intercede with the emperor at your convenience, and don't dig deeper into the affairs of Liang Guo (the capital Suiyang), your position in the queen mother's heart will be Unshakable. The Empress Dowager is grateful to you, and will enter the bone marrow. And your sister, who has won the favor of the two palaces (the Empress Dowager and the Emperor) at the same time, has a more stable position than Jincheng Tangchi. In the past, Yao Chonghua (Shun)’s younger brother, Yao Xiang, He wanted to kill his brother, but when Yao Chonghua became the emperor, he enshrined Yao Xiang in Youbei (northeast of Dong'an County, Hunan Province). A kind-hearted man never hides his anger towards his brothers, and never has overnight resentment. There is only a strong family relationship, so later generations will praise it unanimously. If you use such words to impress the emperor, the affairs of Liang Guo may not expand.” Youbei was 1,200 kilometers away from Puban Aviation, the capital at that time. In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, it was still a wilderness, full of poisonous snakes and beasts, not to mention 2,000 years before the Western Han Dynasty? I am afraid that even the bird trails were intermittent. Deporting my younger brother to such a place, what is it called Feng? What is it called love? What's more, after Yao Xiang was banned, there was no news. There is no him in the country, and there is no him in the capital. There is only one reasonable explanation: he was arrested halfway. Yao Chonghua was murdered.) Wang Xin promised: "I will definitely do it." Finding an opportunity, he spoke to Liu Qi, and Liu Qi's anger was slightly resolved. At this time, Empress Dowager Dou missed her youngest son Liu Wu, and worried that he had caused a catastrophe, could not eat, cried day and night, and Liu Qi also felt bored.It happened that the imperial envoy Tian Shu and his party came back from Liang Guo, went to Bachang Station (capital Chang'an East), burned all the confession records obtained in Liang Guo in the station dormitory, and presented to Liu Qi with empty hands.Liu Hou asked: "Is Liang Wang guilty?" Tian Shu said: "There is a death penalty." Liu Qi said: "Tell me the truth." Tian Shu said: "Your Majesty, it is best not to ask about this matter again." Liu Qi said "Why?" Uncle Tian said, "If the king of Liang does not put to death, the laws of the central government will be invalidated. If the king of Liang is put to death, and the empress dowager (Empress Dou) doesn't know how to eat and sleep, what will your majesty do? "Liu Qi thought he was very thoughtful.Teach Tian Shuxing to see Queen Mother Dou and report: "The King of Liang doesn't know anything at all. The only ones who caused the trouble were his favorite Yang Sheng, Gongsun Gui and others, who have been executed; King Liang is still fine, as usual." The Queen Mother Dou heard , I was very relieved, and immediately got up and had a meal, and my mood returned to calm. Liu Wu wrote a letter requesting a pilgrimage, and Liu Qi approved it.When Liu Wu arrived at Hangu Pass (northeast of Lingbao County, Henan Province), the escorting guards had just arrived outside the pass, but Liu Wu suddenly disappeared.As in the past, Liu Qi sent the emperor's guard of honor to meet him.Since Liu Wu could not be found, she was shocked and rushed to report. Empress Dowager Dou cried and said, "The emperor really killed my son (Liu Wu)."However, Liu Wu accepted the suggestion of his state official (doctor) Mao Lan. After arriving at Hangu Pass, he changed to a funeral car used by civilians, took only two entourage cavalry guards, and defected to his sister, the eldest princess Liu whoring.Then, carrying a knife, ax and chopping board on his back, he knelt at the north gate of Weiyang Palace (below the north gate of Weiyang Palace, where officials played and met with officials) to plead guilty.Empress Dowager Dou and Liu Qi were overjoyed and wept with excitement.When the brothers met, everything was the same as before, and all the guards of the Liang Kingdom who stayed outside Hangu Pass were called to Chang'an.However, the brothers already had a knot in their hearts, and Liu Qi no longer asked Liu Wu to ride with him in the car. Liu Qi believed that Uncle Tian had unique insights and courage, and appointed him as the prime minister (Prime Minister) of the State of Lu (the capital of Lu County, Liu Qifeng's son Liu Yulu King). 1. In winter, in November, the emperor (Jingdi) Liu Qi (42 years old) of the Western Han Dynasty (capital Chang'an) revoked the position of the supreme inspector general (Censor Doctor) of each feudal state. 2. In spring, on the day of Dingsi in March (Renshenshuo in March, there is no Dingsi), Liu Qifeng made the prince Liu Cheng the king of Qinghe (the capital is Qingyang). 3. Summer, April, earthquakes.Drought, alcohol prohibition. 4. In autumn and September, locusts are infested. 5. A star (a meteor whose tail is shorter than a comet) appears in the northwest sky. 6. On September 30, a solar eclipse. 7. At first, when Liu Qi deposed Prince Liu Rong, the Prime Minister (Prime Minister) Zhou Yafu tried his best to oppose it, but it was ineffective, and Liu Qi gradually alienated him.And Liang (Xiao) King (capital Suiyang) Liu Wu every time he went to Chang'an (Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province) to have an audience, he and Queen Dowager Dou would often attack him (in revenge for the Seven Kingdoms Rebellion, he did not save Liang Guo's revenge, refer to the previous article 54).Empress Dowager Dou told Liu Qi: "Empress Wang Zhi's elder brother, Wang Xin, should be made a marquis." , Dou Guangguo (younger brother of Empress Dowager Dou), and the late emperor (Liu Heng) did not confer titles on them, but I only conferred them after I ascended the throne (Dou Pengzu conferred Nanpihou, Dou Guangguo conferred Zhangwuhou), and Wang Xin could not be conferred." Empress Dowager Dou said: "Everyone has their own way of life. When Dou Changjun was alive, he was never granted the title of Marquis. After his death, his son (Dou Pengzu) was granted the title. I often feel regretful. Now you just seal the king's letter." Liu Qi Said: "I will discuss with the prime minister (Zhou Yafu) before making a decision." Liu Qi told Zhou Yafu, and Zhou Yafu objected, saying: "Emperor Gao (Liu Bang) had agreed: 'If you are not a royal family with the surname Liu, you cannot be named king. Unless you have made contributions to the country, you cannot be named a marquis." Although Wang Xin is the queen's elder brother , but has not contributed to the country, if you make him a Marquis, wouldn’t it violate the agreement of Emperor Gao (Liu Bang)?" Liu Qi had nothing to answer, so he had to stop.Later, Xu Lu, an important chieftain of the Huns Khanate (the royal court was located in Harhelin City, Mongolia), surrendered, and Liu Qi planned to make them marquis as a political appeal.Zhou Yafu objected again, saying: "They betrayed the motherland and surrendered to Your Majesty. Your Majesty made them Marquis, how can you blame your officials for being unfaithful?" Liu Qi said: "The Prime Minister (Zhou Yafu)'s opinion cannot be adopted." Xu Lu and other six people , Quanfeng Marquis (Xu Lu was granted the title of Rongcheng Marquis. He was granted the title of Huanhou. Lu Qiang was granted the title of Daohou. The servant was granted the title of Yihou. Heidan and Fan Dai were granted the title of Fanyanghou. Handan was granted the title of Xihou).Zhou Yafu then claimed to be sick. On September 30, Liu Qi dismissed Zhou Yafu from the post of Prime Minister (Prime Minister) and appointed the Supreme Inspector (Censor Doctor) Tao Hou Liu She as Prime Minister (Prime Minister). 1. In winter, on October 20, a solar eclipse. 2. In summer, locust plagues. 1. In the summer, the Emperor (Emperor Jing) of the Western Han Dynasty (capital Chang'an) Liu Qi (44 years old this year) made his prince Liu Shun the king of Changshan (capital Zhending). 2. On June 29th, pardon the world. 3. Floods. 4. In autumn, on August 21st, there was a fire at the east gate of Weiyang Palace. 5. In September, Liu Qi issued an edict: "Any difficult case can be minor or serious, but the judge adopts a severe sentence. If the people are not convinced, they should be rehabilitated by retrial." 6. Earthquake. 1. In winter, in October, Liu Wu, the younger brother of Liu Qi (45 years old this year), the emperor of the Western Han Dynasty (capital Chang’an) (capital Chang’an) Liu Qi (45 years old) (capital Suiyang) visited the capital Chang’an and asked for an extension of stay. Liu Qi refused (the Western Han Dynasty stipulated that the prince of Fengguo could only stay in Beijing for 20 days and meet the emperor four times. The first time he arrived, he went to the palace alone to pay homage to the family, and the emperor held a banquet in the palace. The second time, on New Year's Day, I presented tributes with other princes at the Golden Luan Hall, made an official meeting, and congratulated the new year. In the next three days, the emperor hosted a banquet for the princes and rewarded them with property. After two days, the princes came together palace, to a banquet).Liu Wu knew that his elder brother's love for him had diminished, and when he returned home, he felt depressed and unhappy if he lost something. 2. In November, several official names such as "Tingwei" and "Jiangzuo" were changed. (The official name of the Qin Dynasty has been used in the Western Han Dynasty, and it has been changed since then. "Tingwei" was changed to "Dali", "Jiangzuo Shaofu" was changed to "Jiangzuo Dajiang", "Fengchang" was changed to "Taichang", and "Dianke" was changed to "Da Xing Ling", "Chang Xin Zhan Shi" was changed to "Chang Xin Shao Fu", "Jiang Xing" was changed to "Da Chang Qiu", "Lord Lieutenant" was changed to "Lord Du Wei".) 3. In spring, on February 1st, Liu Qi went to Yong County (Fengxiang County, Shaanxi Province) to offer sacrifices to the Wusedi Temple (the emperor of the five directions. Refer to April 165). 4, March, rain and snow. 5. In summer, in April, Liang Wang (Xiao Wang) Liu Wu died.When Empress Dowager Dou received the funeral report, she wept bitterly, could not eat and drink, and said: "The emperor (Liu Qi) really killed my son (Liu Wu)!" Liu Qi was sad and panicked, and didn't know what to do.Discussed with his elder sister, Princess Liu, and divided Liang Guo (capital Suiyang) into five kingdoms, and made Liu Wu's five sons all kings: Liu Mai was named King of Liang (capital Suiyang), and Liu Ming was named King of Jichuan. Wang (the capital is Jiyang), Liu Pengli is the king of Jidong (the capital is Wuyan), Liu Ding is the king of Shanyang (the capital is Changyi), and Liu Bushi is the king of Jiyin (the capital is Dingtao).Each of the five daughters granted a county as Tang Muyi (receiving taxes from the whole county).After reporting this decision to Queen Mother Dou, Queen Mother Dou was happy and reluctantly ate a meal. When Liu Wu was not dead, his wealth was huge, calculated in tens of thousands.At the time of his death, there were more than 400,000 catties of gold in stock, and the value of other properties was almost the same as this amount (these are the tears of ordinary people). 6. Liu Qi once reduced the number of flogging (caning) (refer to the first 156 years), but the people who were flogged were still unable to avoid being disabled for life or dying under the flogging.So it was reduced again: three hundred lashes were reduced to two hundred lashes, and two hundred lashes were reduced to one hundred lashes.Promulgated the "Whip and Stick Enforcement Law" (beating order): The bamboo whip is five feet long, one end is one inch in diameter, and the end is half an inch thinner, and the bamboo joints are all flattened.The buttocks should be spanked during the whipping (in the past, the back was hit, which hurt the internal organs), and it is not allowed to change people in the middle of the whipping. will be reduced).From then on, the person who is whipped can still keep his body.However, the death penalty is too heavy to be used often; the whipping is too light, and the people are not too afraid.Therefore, it is easy to break the law. 7. In June, the Huns Khanate (the king’s court was located in Harhelin City, Mongolia) invaded Yanmen County (Youyu County, Shanxi Province), and the forward attacked Shangjun County (Yan’an City, Shaanxi Province) from Wuquan (northeast of Hohhot, Inner Mongolia). ), plundering war horses (in order to fight against the cavalry of the Huns Khanate, the Western Han government began to breed war horses in the era of Liu Qi, the sixth emperor of the Han Dynasty. The Ministry of Communications set up 36 horse farms, distributed in the northern and western borders, with 30,000 people and 30,000 horses. 100,000 horses), and 2,000 officers and soldiers died in battle. Li Guang, the governor of Shangjun (prefect) from Longxi (Lintao County, Gansu Province), once led a hundred cavalry out of the fortress, and suddenly encountered thousands of cavalry from the Hun Khanate.The Xiongnu saw that Li Guang's number was too small, but they were very suspicious and fearful, thinking that they were luring them to go deep in order to gather and annihilate them.The more they thought about it, the more they were right, the whole army was shocked, so they dispersed to the nearby hills to form formations, waiting for the attack.Li Guang followed the cavalry, knowing that it was difficult to get rid of the bad luck, his face was ashen, and he planned to run for his life. Li Guang said: "We are tens of miles away from the base, and there are only a hundred cavalry. The Xiongnu saw us fleeing, and they will definitely chase us. Thousands of arrows are ready." If we keep calm, the Xiongnu will think that they are deliberately luring the enemy, and they will never dare to attack." The order said: "Keep the usual formation and continue to move forward." When we were two miles away from the Huns' position, they stopped and ordered: "Get off the horse and unsaddle the saddle." The subordinate said fearfully: "The enemy is numerous and the distance is so close. How should we deal with it in case of an emergency?" Li Guang said: "The Huns thought we would definitely retreat, so now I just tell him that we will not retreat. It will make them more sure that we are a trick to lure the enemy." A general on a white horse from the Xiongnu Corps approached them, intending to spy on them.Li Guang got on his horse, led more than ten riders to gallop up, shot him dead with arrows, and when he came back, he dismounted and unsaddled, and ordered the soldiers to teach the horses to lie down and rest.At this time, it was already dusk, and the Huns hesitated to act.The stalemate lasted until midnight, when the Xiongnu corps suddenly became aware that China might be ambushing a large army nearby and prepared to attack at night.So, retreat immediately.At dawn, Li Guangcai returned to the army camp. 8. In autumn, on July 29, a solar eclipse. 9. Since Zhidu Fuzhu (refer to 148 BC), the children of nobles in the capital Chang'an and nearby cities have increasingly committed violent crimes, and the social order is in chaos.Liu Qi recruited Jinan County (Zhangqiu City, Shandong Province) militia commander (Captain) Ning Cheng from Nanyang (Nanyang City, Henan Province) to serve as commander (lieutenant) of the Chang'an Garrison District in the capital.Ning Cheng's usage is strict and cruel, just like Zhidu, but not as clean and honest; the nobles and wealthy families panicked. 10. Liu Xi, King of Chengyang (the capital of Ju County), passed away. 1. In the spring, the first month, the emperor of the Western Han Dynasty (the capital of Chang’an) (sixth Emperor Jing) Liu Qi (forty-six years old this year) issued an edict: "Punishment (prison) is an important thing. People with wisdom, Some are stupid. Officials, some are superiors, and some are subordinates. When judges encounter difficult cases, they should report them to the officials in charge. The officials in charge cannot make a decision, so they should report to the Ministry of Justice (Ting Wei). Judging the judge is not negligent. Those who enforce the law must be lenient in dealing with lawsuits." 2. In March, pardon the world. 3. In summer, folks are allowed to eat and drink (big wine) for five days, and they can also buy wine. (In 147 BC, the government banned alcohol.) 4. On May 9th, an earthquake.The Shangyong (Tianjiaba, southwest of Zhushan County, Hubei Province) earthquake lasted for 22 days, and the city walls and houses were all destroyed. In autumn, on July 29, a solar eclipse. On July 30, Prime Minister (Prime Minister) Liu She was dismissed. 5. On the day of Renchen in August (Ding Weishuo in August, there is no Renchen), Wei Wan, the highest supervisor (doctor censor), was promoted to prime minister (prime minister).He was promoted to the Imperial City Security Commander (Wei Wei) in Nanyang (Nanyang City, Henan Province) and became the Supreme Inspector General (Censor Doctor). At the beginning, Zhibusu was working as a guard (Lang) in the palace, and another guard who lived in the same dormitory asked for leave to return home to visit his parents. He was careless and took the money from the third guard.Not long after, the third imperial guard discovered the theft and questioned him, thinking that it must have been done by Zhibusu.Zhi Busu admitted that there was such a thing, apologized to him, and repaid him in full.Later, the imperial guard who returned home came back and returned the property to the original owner.The owner was very ashamed, so he honored him as the honest elder.Later, when he was promoted to a senior state official (Zhong Dafu), someone reported to the emperor that Zhibuji had committed adultery with his sister-in-law. Zhibuji heard about it later and said, "I don't have a brother at all." But he still refused to defend himself to the emperor. . 6. Liu Qi decided to eradicate Zhou Yafu, so he summoned him in the palace, had a meal with him, and deliberately put a large piece of meat in front of him, neither cutting it nor putting chopsticks.Zhou Yafu felt uncomfortable, so he asked the person in charge of the banquet to give him a pair of chopsticks.Liu Qi stared at him, and said with a smile, "Your Excellency, are you still not satisfied?" Zhou Yafu realized that he was about to be killed, so he hurriedly took off his official hat and kowtowed to plead guilty.Liu Qi said coldly, "Get up." Zhou Yafu didn't dare to sit any longer, and retreated with small steps.Liu Qi kept watching him leave the imperial palace, and then said: "Look at him full of grievances, he is not the servant of the young master (referring to Liu Qi's son Liu Che who will ascend to the throne in the future)." Not long after, Zhou Yafu's son bought 500 pieces of discarded armor and shields from the construction department (worker official) in order to prepare for his father's burial after his death, and ordered the workers to carry them.They worked hard but did not pay wages (this son is a villain, a wealthy family who actually exploited poor workers). The workers knew that these weapons were secretly removed from the county government and sold, and when they were angry, they reported Zhou Yafu's son to the government.As a result, things broke out and Zhou Yafu was implicated.Reported to Liu Qi, Liu Qi ordered a trial. The judge went to Zhou Yafu's house and asked for his statement. Zhou Yafu was so angry that he refused to answer.When Liu Qi got the report, he cursed and said, "What, there is no need for a confession!" He ordered Zhou Yafu to report to the Ministry of Justice (Tingwei).The Minister of Justice (Ting Wei) asked him: "Why did you rebel?" Zhou Yafu said: "The things my son bought are all burial utensils used in the tomb. How can you call rebellion?" Even after death, he will rebel underground!" Then he insulted and tortured him.At first, when the judicial police arrested Zhou Yafu, Zhou Yafu was about to commit suicide. Mrs. Zhou dissuaded him, thinking that the matter would finally be revealed, so she went to the Ministry of Justice (Ting Wei).Knowing that the trap was deep and unable to escape, he vomited blood and died in prison after going on a hunger strike for five days. Bo Yang said: Zhou Yafu is the son of Zhou Bo. Without Zhou Bo, Liu Heng would not be able to sit on the throne (refer to 180 years ago); without Zhou Yafu, Liu Qi's fate can be predicted-the fourth emperor (later young emperor) Liu Hong is a role model, He was executed by the newly enthroned Liu Bi.The Zhou family father and son had the kindness of rebuilding the Liu family father and son, but the Liu family father and son repaid them twice with "framing for treason". Although Zhou Yafu shares the same fate as his father, his father also has Queen Mother Bo throwing a hat scarf.The Queen Dowager Dou whom Zhou Yafu met, cast a hook for the soul.Dad still has "princess testimony". The eldest princess Liu Xing, whom Zhou Yafu met, is also testifying, but it proves that he conspired against him.Zhou Yafu had offended Jingguang with dignitaries who could kill him, including the emperor's mother, the emperor's wife, the emperor's younger brother, the emperor's brother-in-law, and the emperor himself.From Liu Qi's order to put a large piece of meat on his table and the sinister smile that watched him, it can be seen that the murderous intention has already been moved, and he is just waiting for the opportunity. Some people think that Zhou Yafu's son would be fine if he didn't buy randomly, but that's a child's opinion.The people in power have pointed out the target, and the locked target must be doomed. In the end, "someone reported it", the ending is still the same.However, in the course of Zhou Yafu’s unjust imprisonment, the most valuable contribution was the jailer’s two sentences: “If you don’t rebel on the ground while you are alive, you will rebel underground after you die.” Innocence cannot be impunity, and we provide important evidence again.Liu Qizhi's meanness and lack of kindness have already been shown in Chao Cuo's body; in Zhou Yafu's body, it has been shown again.However, only under a totalitarian political system, "framing for rebellion" works like a god. 7. This year (143 years ago), King Jiyin (capital Dingtao) Liu Bushi (son of Liang Wang Liuwu) passed away. 1. In spring and the first month, there are three earthquakes a day. 2. In March, the Xiongnu Khanate (the royal court was located in Harhelin City, Mongolia) invaded Yanmen County (Youyu County, Shanxi Province) of the Western Han Dynasty (capital Chang'an). Feng Jing, the governor of Yanmen County (prefect) fought and died.The government of the Western Han Dynasty sent mobile troops (chariots and cavalry) and archery troops (cavalry officers) to reinforce Yanmen County. 3. In spring, due to crop failures, the Western Han government ordered the people in the inland counties not to feed horses with millet.If it is prohibited, the horse will be confiscated. 4. In summer, in April, Emperor Liu Qi (47 years old) of the Western Han Dynasty (sixth Emperor Jing) issued an edict: "Men engaged in art sculpture will reduce farm labor. Women engaged in brocade embroidery will hinder weaving. Farm labor is insufficient. , causing hunger, no one to do weaving, and people have no clothes to keep out the cold. There are too few people who are hungry and cold, but do not do evil. I personally plow the fields, and the queen picks the mulberry leaves by herself, and use the harvested products as the royal ancestral temple ( Taimiao) offerings and sacrificial clothing, demonstrating the world (the emperor personally planted, it is not "sweat dripping grains into the soil", it is just pushing the plow that has been set forward three times. The queen picking mulberry is just picking the lowest I pick two or three leaves from the branches). I never accept tribute, and I reduce the supply of food and people’s land taxes and taxes. The purpose is only to hope that everyone in the world will go to work in agriculture and have rich savings to prevent natural disasters. Only I hope that the strong will not oppress the weak, the many will not oppress the few, the old will die (natural death), and the orphans will grow up. However, this year (142 years ago), the crops failed What is the reason for the lack of food for the people? Who is responsible? It may be that the officials committed crimes, accepted bribes, plundered the people, and sought benefits. Those who take advantage of loopholes in laws and regulations act like robbers and make people hate them. All ministers and county chiefs (both of whom are paid two thousand shi) should be dedicated to their duties. Any frivolous and stupid people should be reported to the prime minister (prime minister) immediately. I, condemn them. I hereby announce to the people of the whole country, and everyone can know what I mean." 5. In May, Liu Qi issued another edict: "If the family property reaches 40,000 yuan, you are qualified to be an official."两种，“官”即是官员，“吏”則没有一个适当的名词可以解释。大体上说：吏是低层官员，例如：监狱里的看守员、管理员，司法部里的审问员，政府里的助理员、科员、文书、抄写员、法警等等。中央政府直接任命的，是“官”。由地方政府或由“官”任命的，是“吏”。当“吏”很简单，只要有“官”用你就行。而当“官”則不简单。西汉王朝当“官”的渠道有三：一是先当宫廷禁卫官；一是在封国政府或郡政府先当“吏”，然后被推荐到中央；一是在中央政府部长级官署先当幕僚或先当“吏”，再受到推荐，，其中禁卫官因为直接侍奉皇帝的缘故，最是人们羡慕的捷径。不过家产必须在十万钱之上，才有资格充任。因为当一个禁卫官，需要漂亮的衣服跟车辆马匹，这些都需要自备。非富家子弟，无力负担。商人有的是钱，但法令规定他们不能当公务人员。清寒的知识分子，一肚子学问和忠心，却因家产不够十万之数，无法当官，本年，刘启下诏，把家产限额，从十万钱降低到四万钱，扩大吸收新人。） 6、秋季，大旱。 1、冬季，十月，日食又月食，天际一连赤红五天。 2、十二月二十九日，响雷，太阳颜色变紫。五星反转运行，侵犯太微星（五星：东方岁星，南方荧惑星，西方太白星，北方辰星，中天镇星。紫微星，在北斗星的东北，古代天文学家认为象征地上皇帝。五星反转运行，不可思议，侵犯太微星，也不可思议。实在不懂，只好照抄），月亮横穿天际。 3、春季，正月，两汉王朝（首都长安）皇帝（六任景帝）刘启（本年四十八岁），下诏说：“农业，是天下的根本。黄金珠玉，饥饿的时候不能当饭吃，寒冷的时候不能当衣穿。可是人们却去购买，不知道为什么会这样本末倒置？这几年，农作物歉收，大概是从事农业的人少，从事工商的人多。从今之后，无论郡县或封国，务必劝勉人民耕田种桑，扩大植树，使人从中取得衣服、食物。官吏如果征召农民服侍劳役，或课征农民捐献，雇人去开采黄金珠玉，一律以'强盗收赃罪'法办。郡长以上高级官员（二千石）不加管束的，同罪惩处。” 4、正月十七日，太子刘彻成年，行加冠礼。（西汉王朝时，男子十六岁便算成年，戴上成年人的帽子。） 5、正月二十七日，刘启在未央宫逝世（年四十八岁）。太子刘彻即位（七任武帝），年十六岁，尊祖母皇太后窦女士当太皇太后，娘亲皇后王娡当皇太后。 Bo Yang said: 王娡真是一位传奇尤物，使人难以置信。依古时早婚年龄计算，王娡当皇太后时，不过三十六七岁左右，前夫金王孙应该仍在人间，不知道这一对当年恩爱夫妻，是否仍偶尔思及。然而，一个天上，一个地下。尤其女人在天上，男人在地下，便永不可能复合。有人认为当初拆散鸳鸯，王娡是被娘亲所迫。当然有被迫的成分，但如果她不怦然心动，娘亲也无法把她绑进太子宫。我们并不是责备她水性杨花，而只是感叹富贵逼人。 现在，世界上最快乐的人莫过于娘亲臧兒女士了，她用她女儿一生幸福作赌注，而今全盘都赢（参考前一五一年）。最荒谬卑劣的行为，却获得最丰富的幸福作为回报，历史上恐怕仅此一件。只有一点难以证实的，皇太后的尊位是不是可以代替中年丧夫？假使换了柏杨先生，我可是宁愿拥有妻子，绝不去当太上皇。 6、二月六日，西汉政府把刘启埋葬在阳陵（陕西省咸阳市东北二十五千米）。 7、三月，刘彻（七任武帝）封皇太后王娡同母异父的弟弟田蚡当武安侯、田胜当周阳侯。 Ban Gu said: 孔丘说：“现代人民，跟三代（夏王朝、商王朝、周王朝）人民，没有差别，可是三代人民，却可以纳入正规！”果然不错。周王国末年，跟秦王朝时代（前三世纪中后期），法网周密，苛刻残酷，为非作歹的人，反而越来越多。西汉王朝兴起，扫除这些弊端，使人民得到休养。到了文帝（五任刘恒），更加谦恭俭朴。景帝（六任刘启）遵照执行，不作改动，只五六十年的时间，风俗焕然一新，民心趋于敦厚。在周王朝，有姬诵（周王朝二任王成王）、姬钊（周王朝三任王康王）。在西汉王朝，有文帝、景帝，都是美好的时代。 8、西汉王朝建立，紧接在秦王朝的种种暴政之后，百废待举，而财力缺乏。以皇帝之尊，御用的车辆，都不能找到毛色一样的四匹马。宰相（相）跟高级将领（将），有时候不得不乘坐牛车。人民家徒四壁，没有隔宿之粮。无论家国，都十分贫困。 等到天下平定，高祖刘邦下令，不准商人穿绸缎，不准乘车，再加重他们的赋税，增加他们的负担和羞辱。到了二任帝（惠帝）刘盈、三任帝（前少帝）刘恭、四任帝（后少帝）刘弘，刚刚步入太平，对商人的限制，也逐渐松弛，然而仍不准工商界的子孙为官。计算官吏的薪俸跟政府的开支，用多少，才向人民征收多少赋税，而不多取。山川、园池、工商税款，上自皇帝，下到封爵，各人有各人的汤沐邑（直接收取赋税），都有自己的收入，不靠政府经费。把山东（崤山以东）的粮秣，运到首都长安，只不过供给中央政府官员们的消费，每年不过数十万石（音dan）。 接着五任帝刘恒、六任帝刘启登基，清静节俭，使全国人民获得充分的休养。七十余年间，国家没有大的灾难。如果不遇到水灾、旱灾，人民都可以家家自足，无论城市或乡村，仓库全满。而政府公库，堆积着用不完的财货。首都长安国库的钱，多达万万，用来穿钱的绳子，都寸寸烂断（古时的钱，中有方孔，可以用绳子串起收藏。现代日本的钱，仍保持中孔，不过不是方孔，而是圆孔，串起来更为方便），以致无法计数。粮仓里的黍米，一层一层的往上面堆，堆得太高，满盈之后，甚至堆到露天之下，腐烂得不能再吃。大街小巷，连平民都有马匹。田野中更成群结队，偶尔有骑雌马或幼马的，人们都瞧他不起，不愿跟他来往（因富庶的缘故，大家都骑雄马）。连街头看守里巷的，都每餐吃肉。当低层“小吏”的，因为生活优裕，而又安定，可以一直看到孙儿长大，所以也不图谋升迁。在官位的时间太久，甚至把官名当做他的姓（《汉书·货殖传》，有姓“仓”的，有姓“库”的）。所以人人自爱，而把犯法看成一桩严重的事情，互相勉励善行，不愿受到羞辱。 然而，也正在这个时候，法网太宽，人民太富，浪费奢侈，挥霍无度。于是土地开始兼并，土豪劣绅之辈，仗着财富，在乡间横行霸道，作威作福。皇族有分封的土地，当然富有。部长级（公卿大夫）以下官员，竞争着展示豪华，住的房子、穿的衣服、坐的轿舆，简直跟皇帝一样，超越身份等级，毫无限制。任何事情，盛极必衰，物极必反，不得不变。之后，七任帝（武帝）刘彻对内穷极糜烂，对外攻击夷狄各族。不久，天下一片萧条，财富完全耗尽。