Chapter 28 Second decade of the second century BC (190-181 BC)

1. In winter, there is thunder in the sky, peach and plum trees bloom, and jujube trees bear fruit. (These are anomalies.) 2. In spring, the first month, the government of the Western Han Dynasty (capital Chang'an) recruited 145,000 men and women within 600 miles of Chang'an to continue building Chang'an City, and the work ended in 30 days. 3. In summer, there is severe drought, the water volume of rivers decreases, and mountain streams and streams dry up. 4. In autumn, in August, the Prime Minister, Pingyanghou (Yihou) Cao Shen passed away. 1. In winter, in October, the government of the Western Han Dynasty (capital Chang'an) appointed Wang Ling as the prime minister on the right and Chen Ping as the prime minister on the left.

2. Liu Fei, King Qi (Mourning Hui) (capital Linzi) passed away. 3. In summer, Liuhou (Wenchenghou) Zhang Liang passed away. 4. The government of the Western Han Dynasty appointed Zhou Bo as the commander-in-chief (Taiwei) of the national armed forces. 1. In winter, Guan Ying, commander-in-chief (Taiwei) of the national armed forces of the Western Han Dynasty (capital Chang'an), led mobile troops (chariots and riders) and archery troops (caiguan) to Xingyang (Xingyang County, Henan Province). 2. In spring, on the first day of the first lunar month, there is a solar eclipse. 3. In summer, total solar eclipse on May 29.

4. In autumn, on August 12th, Liu Ying, the emperor of the Western Han Dynasty (the second Emperor Hui), died in Weiyang Palace (23 years old this year), giving amnesty to the world.On September 5, he was buried in Anling (15 kilometers northeast of Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province). At first, Empress Dowager Lu Zhi ordered Empress Zhang Yan to adopt Liu Gong, a son born to another woman, and killed the mother, making her the crown prince.After Liu Ying entered the soil, Liu Gong succeeded to the throne (three terms), still young, known as the former young emperor in history.Lv Zhi became the Empress Dowager, who was in charge of the government and publicly controlled the central government.

1. In winter, the Empress Dowager Lu Pheasant of the Western Han Dynasty (capital Chang’an) was about to make her natal brothers surnamed Lu kings, and asked the right prime minister Wang Ling for his opinion. Wang Ling said: "Emperor Gao (Liu Bang) once killed the white horse and senior officials. The oath: "If anyone not surnamed Liu becomes the king, all the people of the world will crusade together." Now making the person surnamed Lu the king is not in line with this oath." Lu Zhi was very upset, and then asked the left prime minister Chen Ping and the general of the armed forces of the country Commander (Taiwei) Zhou Bo and the two said: "Emperor Gao pacified the world and made Liu the king. Now the Empress Dowager is in charge of the court and made Lu the king. What's wrong?" Lu Zhi turned angry. For joy.

After the court meeting, Wang Ling complained to Chen Ping and Zhou Bo, saying: "Emperor Gao (Liu Bang) made an oath with everyone (smearing the mouth with the blood of livestock. 歃, sound sha), didn't you participate? Now that Emperor Gao died , the Empress Dowager (Lv Pheasant) has become the new hostess, and intends to make the surnamed Lu king, you flatter and betray the oath, what face will you have to meet Emperor Gao in the underground after death?" Chen Ping and Zhou Bo said: "Face to face We are not as good as you for accusing negligence and publicly raising objections in the Golden Luan Palace. But you are not as good as us for protecting the country and protecting the descendants of the surname Liu." Wang Ling was tongue-tied and unable to answer.

On November 3rd, Lu Zhi promoted Wangling to be Taifu (royal master, with a higher status than the prime minister), with the purpose of emptying him and taking away the real power of the prime minister.Wang Ling then claimed to be sick, and Lu Zhi took the opportunity to dismiss him and send him back to his feudal country (Wang Ling was named An Guohou, southeast of Boye County, Hebei Province).So Chen Ping, the prime minister of the left, was promoted to be the prime minister of the right, and Shen Shiqi, the Marquis of Piyang, was appointed as the prime minister of the left.Although Shen Shiqi was the prime minister of the left, he didn't deal with official affairs, but only took care of the court, just like the commander of the palace guard (Lang Zhongling), but he has always been favored by Lu Zhi, so senior officials all look to him to rule on political affairs. (Shen Shiqi is Lu Zhi's lover, and of course the power is at home and abroad. Although Chen Ping is the chief prime minister, there are probably very few things he can decide.)

2. Lu Zhi hated Zhao Yao, the chief inspector (censor doctor), who conspired to protect Liu Ruyi (Zhao Yao suggested to Liu Bang to appoint Zhou Chang as Zhao's prime minister. Refer to 197 years ago), and ordered punishment.Ren Ao, county magistrate (guard) of Shangdang (Changzi County, Shanxi Province), once served as a prison officer in Pei County (Pei County, Jiangsu Province), and was kind to Lu Zhi (when Liu Bang was a gangster, he fled outside, and the county government arrested Lu Zhi and imprisoned him. Some guards in the prison competed to tease this young woman. Ren Ao had a friendship with Liu Bang and beat the leader who caused the incident and was seriously injured), so he was promoted to replace Ren Ao.

Lu pheasant conferred the posthumous title of Lv Wen, Marquis of Linsi, his deceased father, and Lv Ze, his deceased brother, Lv Hou (Marquis of Ling Wu). 3. In the spring and the first month, the Qin Dynasty's "Decree of Killing Three Clans" and "Decree of Demonic Words" are abolished. Bo Yang said: The killing of the three clans (father clan, mother clan, and wife clan) was a law enacted by the Qin government. It was a means for the autocratic emperor to completely eliminate rebellion, which was called "cutting the grass and eradicating the roots."The problem is that rebellion has its conditions. Once the conditions are met, let alone the killing of the three clans cannot be deterred, even the killing of the three thousand clans cannot be deterred.And because of the fear of killing the three clans, once the old ruler is overthrown, the new ruler's retaliatory and preventive slaughter will be even more vicious.In Chinese history, almost all the grandchildren of emperors were killed, because the ruling class first killed them.

Lianzuo is a product of barbaric peoples. In the twentieth century, although China no longer punished and killed the three clans, the sharing of crimes and punishments by family members still maintained this lingering trend. 4. In summer, in April, Princess Lu Yuan (the only daughter of Liu Bang and Lu Zhi) passed away.Princess Lu Yuan's son, Zhang Yan, was made King of Lu (the capital of Lu County), and Princess Lu Yuan was honored with the posthumous title of Empress Dowager Lu Yuan. 5. On April 28, the so-called Liu Shan, the so-called son of Liu Ying, was appointed as the Marquis of Xiangcheng, Liu Chao as the Marquis of Zhi, and Liu Wu as the Marquis of Huguan. (The emphasis on "so-called" in the history books is to provide a reasonable explanation for the ambush that occurred in the future; refer to the previous 180 years.)

6. Lu Zhi intends to make the person surnamed Lu the king. First, Liu Qiang, the so-called son of Liu Ying, will be made the king of Huaiyang (the capital is Chenxian), and Liu Buyi will be the king of Hengshan (the capital is Zhending).Then he ordered Zhang Shi, a senior royal concierge (big visitor), to mobilize senior officials to request with one voice that Lv Ze's son, Yanhou Lv Tai, be made King Lv, and set aside Jinan County, which belongs to the state of Qi (the capital Linzi), to establish Lv Tai. Country (the capital Dongpingling). 7. On May 4th, a fire broke out at Congtai in the palace of King Zhao (Handan, the capital).

8. In autumn, the peach and plum trees are all in bloom. 1. In winter, in November, Lu Tai, King Lu of the Western Han Dynasty (capital Chang'an) (capital Dongping Mausoleum) passed away. 2. In spring, on the 27th day of the first lunar month, there was an earthquake and a landslide between Qiangdao (Zhouqu County, Gansu Province) and Wudu (Hailin Township, southwest of Xihe County, Gansu Province). 3. In summer, on May 9th, Emperor Liu Gong of the Western Han Dynasty (three former young emperors) named Liu Yingke, the son of Liu Jiao (the younger brother of the first emperor Liu Bang), king of Chu (Yuan) (capital Pengcheng), as Pihou; (Mourning Hui) Liu Zhang, the son of Liu Fei (the eldest son of Liu Bang) of Wang (the capital of Linzi), became Zhu Xuhou, recruited Liu Zhang to serve as a court guard, and married Lu Lu's daughter to Liu Zhang. 4. On June 30, a solar eclipse. 5. In autumn and July, Hengshan (Ai) Wang (Capital Zhending) Liu Buyi (the second Huidi Liu Yingzi) passed away. 6. The government of the Western Han Dynasty used eight baht money (money, which has always been the unit of Chinese goods. The baht is a unit of weight. According to "Han Shu Lv Li Zhi", the weight of one baht is equal to one hundred grains of millet. "Huainanzi" believes that It is equal to one hundred and forty-four grains of millet. "Shuo Yuan" believes that it is equal to ninety-six grains of millet. Millet is called "millet" in the north, and the yellow grains have different sizes. When the government is in financial difficulties, it often reduces the copper content , may cause a difference in weight. The Qin government used eight baht money, and the Western Han government initially switched to "pod money", which weighed only four baht and was as light as an elm leaf. The people did not want to accept it, and the economy was chaotic. This year, the Western Han government It is to restore the weight of eight baht). 7. On July 27, Liu Shan, the Marquis of Xiangcheng (the second Huidi Liu Yingzi), was granted the title of Hengshan King (the capital is Zhending), and his name was changed to Liu Yi. 1. In summer, the Yangtze River and the Han River flooded and flooded more than 4,000 homes. 2. In autumn, see the stars in the sky during the day. 3. Yishui and Luoshui flooded, drowning and washing away 1,600 families.The Ru River flooded, drowning and washing away more than 800 families. 1. In spring, on February 7th, Liu Gong, the emperor of the Western Han Dynasty (the capital of Chang’an) (the third former Shaodi), named Liu Tai, the son of the so-called Liu Ying (the second Huidi), as Marquis of Changping. 2. In summer, on April 21st, Empress Dowager Lu Zhi named her younger sister Lu Wei as Linguanghou (Lu Wei is Fan Kuai's wife and should be the first female marquis in history). 3. As Liu Gong grew older, he gradually discovered the truth of his life experience—he was not the biological son of the Empress Dowager Zhang Yan (refer to 1888 BC), so he couldn't help saying: "Why did the Empress Dowager (Zhang Yan) kill my mother?" Dear, teach me to be her son? When I grow up, she will be good-looking." This word reached Lu Zhi's ears, and he responded immediately, imprisoning Liu Gong in the prison attached to the Palace Affairs Department (Yongxiang), and declared that the emperor Sick and very heavy, he refused to be seen by anyone.After a while, Lu Zhi announced to the high-level officials: "The emperor (Liu Gong) is ill and has not recovered. Seeing that he is incoherent and mentally disturbed, it is obvious that he can no longer govern the world. We should find a suitable person. Take over the important task." The high-level officials all kowtowed and said in unison: "The Empress Dowager has considered very far-reaching for the sake of the people of the whole country, in order to protect the royal ancestral temple and the country, and everyone is willing to accept instructions." executed. On May 11th, Lu Zhi ordered Hengshan King (the capital Zhending) Liu Yi to succeed him to the throne (fourth term), and changed his name to Liu Hong, who was later Shaodi.Because the Empress Dowager Lu Zhi was in charge of the court, it was not called the first year (every king ascended the throne, according to the regulations, the year must be counted from the beginning, Liu Hong ascended the throne, next year should have been renamed the first year, and now even this symbol of power is being used as a symbol of power. deprivation).Feng Zhihou Liu Chao became the king of Hengshan (the capital is Zhending). 4. This year (184 years ago), Cao Yu (Cao Shenzi), Marquis of Pingyang, was appointed as the chief supervisor (doctor Yushi). 5. The competent authority decided to prohibit the export of ironware to the Kingdom of Nanyue (Panyu, the capital).Zhao Tuo, king of Nanyue, said: "Emperor Gao (Liu Bang) made me king of Nanyue and allowed free trade between the two countries. Now Lu Zhi has adopted the advice of treacherous ministers and treats us as barbarians. He is not allowed to sell us things. It must be the king of Changsha (capital Linxiang) Wu Chen's idea is to use the power of the court to destroy us, and he will be the king of Nanyue concurrently because he thinks he has meritorious service." 1. In the spring, Zhao Tuo called Emperor Wudi of Nanyue (capital Panyu) and sent troops to attack the Western Han Dynasty (capital Chang'an) Changsha (capital Linxiang) and broke through several counties before going. 2. In autumn and August, Liu Qiang, king of Huaiyang (the capital of Chen County), passed away without a son, and was promoted to Huguan Hou Liu Wu (the second Huidi Liu Yingzi) to succeed him. 3. In September, the cavalry from the two counties of Hedong (Xia County, Shanxi Province) and Shangdang (Changzi County, Shanxi Province) were mobilized and stationed in Beidi (Maling Town, northwest of Qingyang County, Gansu Province). 4. For the first time, the Western Han government ordered the border guards to be rotated every year. (The Qin government conscripted militiamen, stationed in Wuling in the south, and built the Great Wall in the north. There was no return date, and the people were angry. This year, the Western Han government only stipulated that the period be one year.) 1. Winter, October, the Western Han Dynasty (capital Chang'an) Lu Wang (capital Dongpingling) Lu Jia (Lv Taizi) was proud and extravagant, the Empress Dowager Lu Zhi ordered the removal of the title. In November, Lu Chan, the younger brother of Lu Tai (King Su), was granted the title of King Lu (the capital of Dongpingling). 2. In spring, see the stars in the sky during the day. 3. In summer, on April 3rd, the world is amnesty. 4. Liu Hong, the emperor of the Western Han Dynasty (fourth emperor after the young emperor), named Liu Xingju, the younger brother of Liu Zhang, Zhu Xuhou, as the Marquis of the East and served as a court guard. 5. The Huns Khanate (the royal court is located in Harhelin City, Mongolia) attacked Didao (Lintao County, Gansu Province) and Ayang (Jingning County, Gansu Province). 6. Implement five cents. 7. Zhang Ao, Marquis of Xuanping, passed away, and his posthumous title was King Lu Yuan. 1. In winter, in December, the Xiongnu Khanate (the king’s court was located in Harhelin City, Mongolia) attacked Didao (Lintao County, Gansu Province), and captured more than 2,000 people. 2. In the spring, the first month, the Empress Dowager Lu Pheasant of the Western Han Dynasty (capital Chang'an) summoned Liu You, King Zhao (capital Handan) to Chang'an.Liu You's wife is the daughter of the Lu family. Liu You doesn't love this queen, but loves other concubines.Queen Lu's jealousy flared up, and she took the opportunity to go back to her mother's house to make a small report to Lu Zhi, saying: "Liu You said: How can a person surnamed Lu be crowned king? After the Empress Dowager (Lu Pheasant) dies, I will kill them." Lu's pheasant decided to kill him.After Liu You arrived in Chang'an, he stayed at the Zhao State Hotel (during the Western Han Dynasty, each prince or marquis set up a guest house in the capital as a place for officials of the country to stay when they met), and asked for an audience, but was rejected.Then, Lu Zhi sent military police to seal off, cut off the inside and outside, cut off food and drink.Officials of the State of Zhao who secretly sent some food would be arrested immediately and charged with a crime. On the eighteenth day of the first lunar month, Liu You starved to death.He was buried in a folk cemetery on the outskirts of Chang'an with civilian etiquette. 3. On the 30th day of the first lunar month, there is a solar eclipse, and the day is like night.Lu Zhi was very upset, and said to the left and right: "This is aimed at me!" 4. In February, Liu Hui, king of Liang (capital Dingtao) was changed to king of Zhao (capital Handan).Appoint Lu Wang (capital Dongpingling) Lu Chan as Liang Wang (capital Dingtao); Lu Chan will not go to the state, but stay in the central government as the royal master (Taifu). 5. In autumn, on July 28, Liu Tai, Marquis of Changping (Liu Yingzi, the second Emperor Hui), was granted the title of King of Jichuan (Jichuan Kingdom, that is, Jibei Kingdom and Lu Kingdom, the capital of which is Dongpingling Mausoleum). 6. The daughter of Linguang Hou Lv Wei is the wife of Liu Ze, Marquis of General Yingling, and Liu Ze is Liu Bang's cousin.Mr. Tian (unknown name) from the state of Qi (the capital of Linzi) suggested to Zhang Shi, a senior royal protocol officer (big visitor): "The surname of Lu is the king, and the important senior officials are not convinced. Now, Liu Ze is in the royal family surnamed Liu. Among them, the seniority is the highest. If you ask the empress dowager to also make Liu Ze king, everyone will have nothing to say, and the prince named Lu will be more stable." Zhang Shi told Lu Zhi that Lu Zhi thought it was reasonable, so Set aside Langya County (Jiaonan City, Shandong Province) under the jurisdiction of Qi State, and make Liu Ze the King of Langya (the capital Langya). 7. Zhao Wang Liu Hui (the first emperor Liu Bangzi) has been angry since he was re-appointed to Zhao State (the capital Handan).Lu Zhi married Lu Chan's daughter to him as the queen. The queen's entourage was all members of the Lu family, arbitrarily arbitrarily powerful, and some people even investigated Liu Hui's actions and made small reports. Liu Hui could not be free.He had a beloved concubine Ji, and the queen sent someone to poison her to death. In June, Liu Hui was so sad and angry that he had no choice but to commit suicide.Lu Zhi received a report, thinking that Liu Hui cut off the ancestor's sacrificial incense for a woman. He committed a heinous crime and forbade his descendants to inherit the throne. 8. At this time, the family surnamed Lu held the power, with arrogance and arrogance.Zhu Xuhou Liu Zhang (Liu Bangsun, Qi Wang Liu Fatzi), only twenty years old, is generous and majestic. He is very resentful of the suppression of the royal family surnamed Liu.Once, when he entered the palace to serve a banquet hosted by Lu Zhi, Lu Zhi ordered Liu Zhang to serve as the wine orderer (wine officer).Liu Zhang asked: "I am the queen of the general. If anyone violates the drinking order, please allow me to use military law to punish." Lu Zhi said: "Okay." Allowed, Liu Zhang then sang: "Plow the soil deep/plant seedlings thinly/not of the same species/hoe up and discard!" Lu Zhi was very upset and kept silent.After a while, a royal family member surnamed Lu was drunk and could not drink any more, so he slipped away quietly.Seeing the eyes, Liu Zhang hurriedly chased after him, raised his sword, chopped off the head, and reported back: "Someone escaped from the banquet, and he was beheaded according to military law!" Can not blame, the banquet ended early.After this incident happened, the family surnamed Lu was very afraid of Liu Zhang, and senior officials also relied on Zhang Zhang, and the royal family surnamed Liu gradually became stronger. (It is impossible for Liu Zhang to have such a big influence. The reason why he did not die was that Lu Zhi saw that he was still a big boy and the son-in-law of the Lu family. Killing this big boy was easy.) 9. Chen Ping, the right prime minister, is worried that the power of the Lu family is expanding every day, and that one day they may lose control and a catastrophe will befall him.Although usually at home, I also think about this development, but I can't solve it.One day, Lu Jia came to visit and sat down in the living room, but Chen Ping refused to meet him. Lu Jia insisted on meeting and asked, "What are you thinking, so melancholy?" Chen Ping said, "Guess?" Said: "Your wealth has reached its peak, and there is no possibility of personal dissatisfaction. What you are worried about is that the Lu family is difficult to control, and the age of the emperor (Liu Hong) is too young." Chen Ping said: " Yes, what should we do?" Lu Jia said: "When the world is stable, pay attention to the phase (sound xiang); when the world is in crisis, pay attention to the general (sound). If the general and prime minister are harmonious, the army and the people will accept the leadership. In case of changes, the power of affairs In order to be unified. The lifeblood of the country is in the hands of the two. I once wanted to tell Zhou Bo, the commander-in-chief of the national armed forces (Taiwei), but Zhou Bo and I are the best friends. Because of the importance of what I said, I kept silent. What I mean is, why don't you establish a deeper friendship with Zhou Bo and accept each other?" Then he analyzed to Chen Ping several key issues that he would face in dealing with the Lu family in the future. .Chen Ping suddenly came to his senses, so he used Lu Jia's strategy to give Zhou Bo 12,000 taels of gold as a blessing gift. Other gifts, including a band and famous wine, were very expensive.Zhou Bo also reciprocated with a gift of the same value, and the friendship between the two deepened day by day, and the power of the Lu family gradually weakened. Chen Ping gave Lu Jia one hundred slaves and maidservants, fifty carriages, and five million yuan as a subsidy for his life. 10. Lu Zhi sent an envoy to tell Liu Heng, the king of Dai (the capital of Jinyang), that he was going to be renamed the king of Zhao (the capital of Handan).Liu Heng resigned and expressed his willingness to live in the frontier.Lu Pheasant then made Lu Lu, the son of her late brother Lu Shizhi, the King of Zhao, and honored Lu Shizhi as King Zhao Zhao. 11. In September, King Yan (the capital of Jixian County) Liu Jian (the first emperor Liu Bangzi) passed away.Liu Jianji's concubine had a son, and Lu Zhi sent someone to kill him. There was no one to inherit the throne, so Yan was withdrawn. 12. The government of the Western Han Dynasty sent Long Li Hou Zhouzao to lead an army to attack the South Vietnam Empire (capital Panyu).