Chapter 26 3. The struggle between Chu and Han

This century is a century of tragic melee. As a result of the annexation of various kingdoms, there are only seven kingdoms left—Qi, Chu, Yan, Zhao, Han, Wei, and Qin.Soon, it was completely wiped out by the Qin Kingdom.The Warring States Period is over.Qin became the first and most powerful dynasty in Chinese history.But the civil war broke out again, and the two reckless heroes Xiang Yu and Liu Bang fought each other.At the end of this century, Liu Bang's Western Han Dynasty unified China. 1. In winter, on October 7th, the emperor of the Qin Dynasty (capital Xianyang) (first emperor) Yingzheng went on a trip, accompanied by Li Si, the left prime minister, and Feng Quji, the right prime minister, stayed in the capital Xianyang.Ying Zheng has more than twenty sons, and he loves his youngest son Ying Huhai the most, so when Ying Huhai asked to travel with his father, Ying Zheng agreed.

In November, Yingzheng arrived at Yunmeng (south of Anlu City, Hubei Province), and at nearby Yunmeng Daze, he sacrificed to Emperor Shun (the seventh emperor of the Yellow Emperor Dynasty) Yao Chonghua who died in Jiuyi Mountain (south of Ningyuan County, Hunan Province) .Then, take a boat down the Yangtze River to observe the drifting wood, cross Haizhu (Zongyang County, Anhui Province), pass through Danyang (northwest of Dangtu County, Anhui Province), and arrive at Qiantang (Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province) to the embankment of Zhejiang Province. Watch the turbulent tide of Qiantang, go west for 120 miles, cross the Fuchun River from 陿中 (Fuyang County, Zhejiang Province. 陿, sound xia), climb Kuaiji Mountain (south of Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province), and worship Emperor Yu (the first emperor of the Xia Dynasty) ) Si Wenming.Facing the southern ocean, build a stele and sing praises of your own merits.On the way back to Beijing (Xianyang), pass Wu County (Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province), cross the Yangtze River from Jiangcheng (Northeast of Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province) and go north along the sea to Langye (Jiaonan City, Shandong Province), and then to Zhifu (Shandong Province Beizhifu Island, Yantai City).Seeing a big fish (probably a whale) at sea, shoot the big fish to death with arrows.From Zhifu to the west along the coast, to Pingyuanjin (the ancient Yellow River ferry in the southwest of Pingyuan County, Shandong Province), Yingzheng suddenly fell ill and was bedridden.

Yingzheng hated hearing the word "death" the most, so no official dared to mention or hint to him that he should arrange things after his death.However, Yingzheng's condition became serious day by day, and he finally realized that he had to die, so he ordered Zhao Gao, the eunuch guarding the palace gate (the order of the CRRC government) and the administrator of the imperial seal (the execution of the seal), to order him to be killed in Shangjun (Yulin, Shaanxi Province). Ying Fusu, the eldest son of Yuhebao in the south of the city, said: "Go to Xianyang immediately, join the funeral car, and then bury him." The imperial decree has been sealed and stored with Zhao Gao, but no envoy has been sent yet.

In autumn, the brigade came to the platform of the Shaqiu Palace (Shaqiu, Pingxiang County, Hebei Province. Zhao Yong, the Supreme Emperor of the Zhao Kingdom, starved to death there. Refer to 295 years ago).On July 20, Ying Zheng passed away.Left Prime Minister Li Si considered that the emperor died suddenly outside the capital, and he was afraid that the princes would launch a coup in the capital or other places, so he decided to keep the funeral secret.Putting Yingzheng's body in the sleeping car, declaring that the emperor was just ill, the convoy continued on to Xianyang.Yingzheng's most trusted eunuch drove or sat next to the car, and every meal was delivered as usual, and the ceremony for the officials to ask for instructions was also held as usual, and the most trusted eunuch passed on the approval, which was seamlessly concealed.Only Ying Huhai, Zhao Gao and five or six of the most trusted eunuchs knew the inside story.

At first, Ying Zheng trusted and loved the Meng family very much.Meng Tian led the army to fight outside, while Meng Yi participated in the central government and participated in decision-making. The two brothers were loyal.Some senior generals, even prime ministers, did not dare to offend them.Zhao Gao was an eunuch—born with imperfect genitals.Yingzheng heard that he was strong and powerful, and was proficient in prison administration and judicial judgment, so he appointed him as a palace gate guard eunuch (CRRC government order), and ordered Ying Huhai to learn law from him.Zhao Gao was extremely clever, and soon he served the young master as a confidant to him.Zhao Gao committed a serious crime, and was tried by Meng Yi, a political and religious teacher, and sentenced to death.Ying Zheng thought about Zhao Gao's quick response, and specially ordered a pardon, and the official was reinstated.

Zhao Gao not only won the support of Ying Huhai, but also resented the Meng family brothers.Now, the time has come to show off his ambitions. He suggested to Ying Huhai: take a leave of absence to pass the imperial decree, and in the name of Yingzheng, order the killing of his elder brother Ying Fusu, and declare Ying Huhai as the prince.Ying Huhai whistled happily.Zhao Gao said: "This is a big event. Without the participation of the prime minister, it cannot be successful." So they met with Li Si together, and Zhao Gao said: "The imperial edict and jade seal issued by the emperor (Ying Zheng) to Ying Fusu are all in Ying Huhai. Now, it’s up to you and me to decide who is the legal heir (Prince), what should we do!” Li Si was shocked, his face pale, and said: “Where did you learn this kind of rhetoric of subjugation? Ministers, you should not discuss this issue." Zhao Gao said: "Okay, let me ask you: your talent, strategy, meritorious service, popularity, and Ying Fusu's trust in you, among these five, which one is better? Go to Mengtian?" Li Si said, "There is nothing comparable." Zhao Gao said, "That's right, once Ying Fusu ascends to the throne, it will be logical that the prime minister will be Mengtian. At that time, you want to hold the marquis in your arms Yin Xin, retirement and returning home are probably impossible, this reason is very obvious. Why don't you support Ying Huhai? Ying Huhai is kind and honest, and has sufficient qualifications and ability to ascend to the throne. Please consider it." Li Si thought the result and thought it was reasonable.So the conspiracy was carried out, and in the name of the dead Ying Zheng, an imperial edict was issued, announcing that Ying Hu Hai would be the crown prince.Condemn Ying Fusu again for not being able to expand the territory and establish military exploits, but causing a large number of casualties to soldiers, especially should not repeatedly slander in memorials, complaining that he is not allowed to return to Xianyang to be the prince.He also condemned Meng Tian: he didn't know how to correct Ying Fusu's mistakes, and even participated in illegal activities.He ordered the two to commit suicide and handed over the military power to the deputy commander Wang Li.

After receiving the imperial edict, Ying Fusu didn't believe that his father would do this to his own son, but the facts were complete and he couldn't deny it. Tears welled up in his eyes, and he went back to the dormitory, intending to commit suicide.Meng Tian said: "The emperor (Ying Zheng) is on patrol outside, but he has not decided who the prince is. He sent me to lead an army of 300,000 troops to defend the frontier, and the prince (Ying Fusu) will be the supervisor of the army. This is an important task in the world. Now suddenly came a Envoys, so-and-so, and so-and-so, we decide on our own, how do we know it’s not a fraud? I mean, we should ask for verification, and when we know that it is indeed the emperor’s (Ying Zheng’s) will, it’s not too late to die.” The envoy kept urging the two to act, and Ying Fusu said: "Since the father is determined to take his son's life, why ask for verification." Then he committed suicide.Meng Tian insisted on checking, so the envoys sent Meng Tian to the Military Law Office and imprisoned Yangzhou (Zichang County, Shaanxi Province).Appoint Li Si's entourage (sheren) to serve as the army protection officer (army guard) to supervise the generals (the supervising army died, the commander was arrested, and the terrorist army changed, so this measure was taken).Then, report back to Li Si and Zhao Gao.

When Ying Huhai learned that his brother Ying Fusu had died, he was relieved and prepared to release Meng Tian.It happened that Meng Yi went out on behalf of Ying Zheng to sacrifice to the gods of mountains and rivers to pray for blessings, and came back after the matter was over.Zhao Gao remembered the old hatred, took the opportunity to take revenge, and warned Ying Huhai, saying: "The first emperor (Ying Zheng) knew your talents and wanted to make you a prince long ago. Only Meng Yi opposed it. It is better to kill him to eliminate future troubles forever." Meng Yi was arrested and Daijun (Yu County, Hebei Province) was imprisoned.

The royal motorcade arrived at Jiuyuan (Baotou City, Inner Mongolia) from Jingxing (Jingxing County, Hebei Province).At this time, it was hot summer, and Yingzheng's corpse was decomposing rapidly, emitting a strange smell.Li Si had no choice but to order each car to carry a stone (sound dan) of abalone. The abalone also has a strange smell, which is used to cover up.From the speeding avenue (straight road) back to the capital Xianyang (take a big bend to Jiuyuan, incredible), after arriving in Xianyang, the funeral was officially held.Prince Ying Huhai succeeded to the throne (second term).

In September, the Qin government buried Yingzheng in Lishan (southeast of Lintong County, Shaanxi Province). The tomb was extremely deep, and molten copper juice was poured into the ground to block the spring water, and the interior was filled with strange treasures.He also ordered the craftsmen to install strong bows that can be fired automatically everywhere, and immediately shoot and kill anyone who approaches.Rivers and oceans were built in the tomb, and streams were filled with mercury, and machinery was set up to make it flow and run.The top of the tomb is like the sky, and the stars are arranged; the bottom of the tomb is completely in accordance with the Feng Shui pattern.All the concubines who did not have sons were all driven into the tomb for burial.After the coffin was buried, someone reminded that the craftsman who made the machine knew how to crack it, and if it was leaked, there was still a risk of being exhumed and stolen.Therefore, all the craftsmen were driven into the tomb to be buried.

Bo Yang said: Two thousand and one hundred years later, the tomb of Yingzheng began to be excavated from the outside. The mercury had dried up, and the strong bow had dried up.Although only a small part has been unearthed so far, the "terracotta warriors" who only served as the guards of Yingzheng have attracted worldwide attention.One day, when Ying Zheng's old bones are dug out, there will be another enlightenment.And so many beauties who were buried alive and craftsmen who were murdered, it is conceivable that they struggled and wailed in the closed tombs, and finally fell to the ground with suffocation, their bodies crisscrossed, and eternal injustice.Human rights have been violated in such a way that it brings us a river of grief and indignation. 2. Ying Huhai planned to kill Meng Yi and Meng Tian, ​​but Ying Ying, the son of Ying Fusu, Ying Huhai's older brother, dissuaded him and said: "King Zhao Qian killed Li Mu and used Yan Ju (refer to 229 BC) King Tian Jian of Qi to kill him The loyal ministers of several generations used them to win (refer to 222 years ago), and finally fell to the country. The Meng family has been our important ministers and think tanks for many generations, but His Majesty intends to eradicate them at once. Killing Zhongliang and appointing traitors, the sequelae are: The officials lost confidence in the government, and the soldiers lost their fighting spirit when going abroad." Ying Huhai couldn't listen, so he executed Meng Yi and Meng Tian.When Meng Tian was about to be executed, he said: "Our Meng family, from our grandfather to the present, has made contributions to the Qin Dynasty for three generations (grandfather Meng Ao, father Meng Wu, and Meng Tian himself), and now I am leading an army of 300,000 people outside. Although my body is in prison, I still have strength. Launch a resistance. However, I would rather die than uphold righteousness, dare not live up to the teachings of my ancestors, and also show that I will not forget the great kindness of the late emperor (Ying Zheng)." Then he swallowed poison and committed suicide. "Fa Yan" said: Some people may ask: "Meng Tian was loyal, but he still died unjustly. What's the use of being loyal?" Adding to the country's defenses but creating dead bodies everywhere, his allegiance does not offset his crimes." Sima Guang said: Ying Zheng is tormenting the world, and Meng Tian accepts his orders. One can imagine his cruelty.However, Meng Tian deeply understands the duty of being a subject, even though he was killed for no crime, he is still loyal and unambiguous, which is really commendable. Bo Yang said: The Great Wall of the Qin Dynasty started from Lintao in the west, passed through Gaoque (Urad Rear Banner, Inner Mongolia) in the middle, and ended in Liaodong (Liaoyang City, Liaoning Province) in the east, with a total length of about 2,400 kilometers. It was a great and terrifying project.But it was formed by the Great Wall of the Qin Kingdom, the Great Wall of the Zhao Kingdom, and the Great Wall of the Yan Kingdom. It was not built from east to west by the Qin Dynasty, from the beginning to the end.Meng Tian was only engaged in successive projects. According to the location of the Great Wall of the Three Kingdoms at that time, Meng Tian built only three to four hundred kilometers.After Yingzheng unified China, high-level intellectuals—such as diners of the nobles and royal relatives of various kingdoms—all lost their jobs, and Yingzheng paid special attention to the Legalist school, so that the Confucian system, which lost power, hated him to the bone and criticized him. Scolding, slander, and finally even more ignorance, framing and framing, insisting that Ying Zheng and his subordinate Meng Tian jointly built the Great Wall is an example. With a swipe of his pen, Yang Xiong easily "started from Lintao in the west and connected to Liaoshui in the east", and deducted all the 2,400 kilometers to Meng Tian. This is an obscene method.However, the problem still lies in that even if the 2,400-kilometer Great Wall is really built, it is to defend the country against foreign aggression, not to build a garden for the emperor to play alone!Even Sima Guang praised Meng Tian's loyalty, but Yang Xiong wantonly slandered him. He once surrendered to Wang Mang and sang meritorious deeds to Wang Mang. According to Confucian principles, this was a serious betrayal.Instead of being treacherous, he slandered Zhongliang.When he wrote "Fayan" at his desk, he wondered if his face was burning?Does your heart beat?Why did Sima Guang insist on putting him on the table, making him lose face! Sima Guang criticized Meng Tian because he was the general of Yingzheng, which shows how strong the remnants of the Six Kingdoms reaction are.Yingzheng is no worse than other kings in the Warring States Period, but he established the great cause of unifying China.If the great cause of unification is a crime, then Sima Guang must be in favor of fragmentation and separatism.The Song Dynasty used troops to the Xixia Empire and the Liao Empire, wouldn't it also "poison the world"?Why don't you dare to criticize the Zhao family emperor with a single word. In the Confucian system, the Qin Dynasty and Yingzheng became the targets of evil. Whenever there is a chance, they will shoot an arrow without going through the brain. 1. Winter, October 10th, amnesty. 2. In the spring, the second emperor Ying Huhai of the Qin Dynasty (capital Xianyang) went east to inspect counties and counties, accompanied by Li Si.First go to Jieshi (north of Changli County, Hebei Province), and then go south along the coast to Kuaiji Mountain (south of Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province).Some of the stone steles erected by Yingzheng in the past have not been engraved. This time, he wrote a supplementary article and engraved the names of the ministers who followed him on it to praise the merits of his father Yingzheng. In summer, in April, Ying Huhai returned to Xianyang and asked Zhao Gao, "Life is like six fast horses rushing through the cracks. Since I have the highest power in the country and face the world, I can do whatever I want and listen to what my ears like. See what your eyes like to see, exhaust your energy, and pursue happiness until the end of my life. Do you think this is good?" Zhao Gao praised and said: "Thank God, your idea is completely correct. Only the wise and wise leader of the sky, This is the highest level of cognition. Some fatuous and rioting leaders will never understand the true meaning of life. However, your ideas cannot be implemented yet. Why? The conspiracy of Shaqiu (Pingxiang County, Hebei Province) It is very secretive, but many princes and ministers have become suspicious. The princes are your elder brothers, and the ministers are all cadres appointed by the late emperor (Ying Zheng). Now that His Majesty has just sat on the throne, they are feeling uncomfortable. One day, there will be a change. I am terrified day and night, I am afraid that I will die, how can you be happy?" Ying Huhai said: "What should we do?" Zhao Gao said: "I suggest to create terror and use the strictest law And the most cruel method, for those who are guilty, expand their case, teach them to name their relatives and friends as much as possible in their confessions, arrest those relatives and friends, follow the same pattern, and then catch them all, so that important ministers and important royal families, Kill them all. This is the side of attacking, and the side of buying. Among ordinary people, His Majesty will increase their wealth for some poor people; All the senior officials you appointed will be excluded, and your cronies will be appointed. They will naturally repay you with gratitude, and all disasters and conspiracy will be completely blocked. No one in the government will not be immune to His Majesty's love and favor. At that time, you Only then can you sit back and relax, and enjoy yourself as much as you want, please consider this plan.” Ying Huhai was fascinated by hearing this, and he was fortunate that he had such a loyal servant who was both intelligent and considerate. Thus, under the cloak of law, the massacre began.Any minister or prince who is involved in a trivial matter will be immediately arrested and interrogated, and the scope of attack will be expanded during the interrogation.Soon, twelve princes were executed on the streets of Xianyang, and ten princesses were quartered by five horses in Du County (southeast of Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province), and their property was confiscated.Countless people were arrested because their names appeared in their confessions.The prince Ying Jianglu and his mother and brother were imprisoned in the inner courtyard of the palace before being convicted.Ying Huhai sent an envoy to tell the elder brother: "You are arrogant and have the crime of 'disobedience' (failure to obey officials' etiquette). You should be sentenced to death and handed over to the executioner." Ying Jianglu said: "In the government, I have never made any mistakes. During the sacrificial ceremony, I have never disobeyed the order. The emperor delivered orders to me and asked me questions. I never said anything wrong. How can it be called "disobedience"? Please tell me the evidence, death without regret "The envoy said: "I don't care whether you committed a crime or not, I just carry out the order." Ying Jianglu was distraught, raised his head and shouted "Heaven" three times, and said, "I am not guilty!" The three brothers embraced each other and cried bitterly. , Draw a sword and commit suicide. The entire royal family surnamed Ying was in shock. The prince Ying Gao planned to flee, but he was afraid that the family would be slaughtered, so he had to write a memorial saying: "When the first emperor (Ying Zheng) was alive, I would give me food and drink when I went to the palace; I sit in a palanquin. I have been rewarded with the clothes for the royal use, and I have been rewarded with the horses for the royal use. Now that the late emperor has passed away, I should have been buried, but I have not done so. As far as my son is concerned, I am not filial. I can be said to be unfaithful. If I am not filial or loyal, I am not qualified to live in the world. Please allow me to follow the late emperor, and I hope to be buried at the foot of Lishan Mountain. I beg your majesty to have mercy." Ying Huhai was very happy, and he gave it to Zhao Gao and said: "Is this desperate?" Zhao Gao said, "Great. They face death and live in fear all day long, so how can they have time to rebel?" Ying Huhai immediately approved and awarded 100,000 yuan for Ying Gao's funeral fee. Bo Yang said: Political injustice is the most extreme form of terrorism, pushing terror to the end of life. In the operation of traditional Chinese power, injustice can play a more suppressive role than massacres. However, the planned large-scale promotion was initiated by Ying Huhai. end.We do not believe that Ying Huhai has no humanity at all, but that his unlimited power has dehumanized him.This kind of person will not respect Meng Tian's loyalty, but will only laugh at Meng Tian's stupidity.Ying Jianglu obviously has a deep relationship with Ying Huhai, so he was imprisoned in the inner palace.In the end, the trial was decided. Ying Jianglu appealed that he did not commit a crime. Of course, it would not have any effect. The biggest feature of politically wronged prisons is: innocence cannot be punished.However, every bad decision and every man-made evil has an end and a price.It's just that no one has come so quickly as the day when Hu Hai ends up paying the price. Ying Huhai ordered to continue the construction of Afang Palace (west of Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province).50,000 warriors from all over the country were recruited to form the Capital Guard Corps (Tunwei Xianyang) to strengthen combat skills training.The dogs, horses, exotic birds, and exotic animals raised by the royal family need too much feed every day, and the supply is insufficient.Ying Huhai ordered counties and counties across the country to transport all kinds of beans, miscellaneous grains, and hay to Xianyang.The transport vehicles and people all bring their own food.He also ordered that the people within three hundred miles of Xianyang are not allowed to eat the rice, and all of them should be handed over to the government. 3. In autumn and July, Chen Sheng from Yangcheng (southeast of Dengfeng County, Henan Province) and Wu Guang from Yangxia (Taikang County, Henan Province) gathered in Qixian County (south of Suzhou City, Anhui Province) to rebel against the tyranny of the Qin government.At that time, the Qin government conscripted the fourth echelon (the first echelon was criminal officials, son-in-laws, and businessmen; The fourth echelon is the left neighbor. It has not yet developed to the fifth echelon (the right neighbor, Qin died) men who served in the military, went to Yuyang (Miyun County, Beijing) to strengthen the border defense.One of the 900-man supplementary troops, led by Chen Sheng and Wu Guang respectively, passed through Daze Township (southeast of Suzhou City, Anhui Province) on the way.However, it was raining heavily, the bridge was broken and the road was broken. Calculating the time, when we arrived at the destination, the original deadline was exceeded.According to the decrees of the Qin government, those who exceed the deadline will be punished regardless of the reason.Chen Sheng and Wu Guang knew that they could not escape death. In order to save themselves and the increasing sorrow and resentment of the people, they took the risk and attacked and killed the commander (general) of the supplementary army, and called everyone to announce: "You have exceeded the deadline, you must kill Even if forgiveness, the frontier is desolate, six out of ten people will die. If a man is not dead, he should do great things and become famous. Princes, generals, and ministers all rely on themselves to seize it. Are only those few people able to do it! "Everyone cheered and obeyed. Chen Sheng and Wu Guang declared that Ying Fusu and Xiang Yan did not die (the people of the Qin Dynasty always respected Ying Fusu and pitied him for his unjust death, refer to last year. Therefore, the people of the Chu Kingdom missed the general Xiang Yan who died in battle in 224 years ago), established At the altar, all the people swore to call the Great Chu Kingdom, with Chen Sheng as the general and Wu Guang as the commander of the militia (Captain), captured Daze Township, and then captured Qixian County.After capturing Qi County, he sent Ge Ying from Fuli (northeast of Suzhou City, Anhui Province) to march east to capture the city, and successively captured Qi County (southwest of Suzhou City, Anhui Province), Feng County (Yongcheng County, Henan Province), and Ku County. (Luyi County, Henan Province), Zhe County (Zhecheng County, Henan Province), and Qiao County (Bozhou City, Anhui Province).While fighting, recruiting troops and buying horses, the army expanded rapidly like a snowball.When they arrived in Chen County (Huaiyang County, Henan Province), there were six or seven hundred chariots, more than a thousand cavalry, and tens of thousands of infantry, so they attacked Chen County. The left-behind chief secretary (Cheng) led the army to resist, fought under the city gate, was defeated and killed.Chen Sheng then entered Chen County. 4. In the beginning, Zhang Er and Chen Yu from Daliang (Kaifeng City, Henan Province) had the most sincere feelings and were close friends.When the Kingdom of Wei fell, the Qin government heard of the two men's talents and rewarded them with great rewards.Zhang Er and Chen Yu changed their names and surnames, fled to Chen County, and worked as street gatekeepers (Lijianmen) to make ends meet.Chen Yu was once whipped by the neighborhood officials for committing a minor crime. Chen Yu was furious and wanted to rise up to resist, so Zhang Er kicked him to ask him to be patient.After the official left, Zhang Er pulled Chen Yu under the mulberry tree in the outskirts, and scolded him, "What did I say to you before? Today, for a little insult, I'm going all out with that little official boy. Why is it worth it? !” Chen Yu was very grateful.Chen Sheng led his army to Chen County, and Zhang Er and Chen Yu went to see him.Chen Sheng admired the two great names for a long time and warmly welcomed them.The fathers and children of Chenxian asked Chen Sheng to be the king of Chu (Chenxian was the territory of the former Chu Kingdom, from 278 BC to 241 BC, and it was also the capital of the Chu Kingdom).Chen Sheng asked Zhang Er and Chen Yu for their opinions.The two said: "The Qin government is cruel and immoral. It destroys other countries and abuses the people. The reason why you risked death and revolted is to eliminate harm for the world. Now that you have just acquired Chen County and become king, isn't it an exposure? Your selfishness? We hope that you must not become king, but you should immediately lead your army westward, send people from all directions to search for the descendants of the kings of the six countries, and help them restore their country. Establish party wings. If there are many enemies, the force will be dispersed, and if there are many party wings, the army will be strong. In this way, there will be no wars in the countryside, and the counties and counties will not need to defend. They can overthrow the brutal Qin Dynasty regime. Then they will be stationed in Xianyang and command the countries. The countries are already dead. It is the great cause of the emperor to combine kindness and kindness. Now, being a king in a small Chen County, I am afraid that it will cause resentment and disperse people." Chen Sheng couldn't listen to it, so he called himself the king of Chu, Zhang Chuguo. At that time, people in various counties and counties suffered from the harsh laws and regulations of the Qin government, and responded to Chen Sheng by killing officials one after another. The protocol officer (visitor) sent by the Qin government to the east returned to the capital Xianyang (Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province) to report the traitors to Ying Huhai according to the facts.Ying Huhai didn't want to hear any news that made him feel uncomfortable, so he lost his temper and imprisoned them.Soon, everyone learned how to deal with it. When Ying Huhai asked about the Eastern Rebellion, they all replied in unison: "What rebellion? I have never heard of it. However, some sneaky people were arrested by local officials, and they have already been completely eliminated. , it’s not worth paying attention to.” Ying Huhai was very happy. Chen Sheng appointed Wu Guang as the acting king of Zhang Chu, and urged all the generals to advance westward and attack Xingyang (Xingyang County, Henan Province). Zhang Er and Chen Yu suggested to Chen Sheng that they send out surprise troops to seize the land of the former Zhao Kingdom (central and southern Hebei Province).Chen Sheng accepted this time, and appointed his old friend Wuchen (wu, surname) from Chen County as the commander in chief, Shao Sao as the army protection officer (guard army), appointed Zhang Er as the commander of the left wing (left school lieutenant), and Chen Yu as the commander of the right wing. (Lieutenant Right), dispatched 3,000 people to advance to the homeland of the Zhao Kingdom in the north.Chen Sheng also sent Deng Zong, a native of Ruyin (Fuyang City, Anhui Province), to seize land from Jiujiang County (Shou County, Anhui Province).At this time, the army of Zhang Chuguo (Chen Sheng) had thousands of people as a unit, which was innumerable. Ge Ying, commander of the Eastern Expedition Army, arrived in Dongcheng (Dingyuan County, Anhui Province) and made Xiangqiang King of Chu.Later, when he heard that Chen Sheng was king, he killed Xiang Qiang and reported back to Chen County. Chen Sheng was very unhappy and beheaded Ge Ying. Chen Sheng sent Zhou Fu (Zhou Shi) to lead the army into the old Kingdom of Wei (the eastern part of Henan Province) to seize the land. Wang Guo official title, admiral-level military officer).He also heard that Zhou Zhang was a virtuous man who knew military affairs, so he sent a letter to General Zhou Zhang, ordering him to go west and directly attack the mainland of the Qin Dynasty. Wu Chen and his party crossed the Yellow River from Baima (Hua County, Henan Province) and entered the homeland of the Zhao Kingdom. They sent people to various counties and cities to lobby the local powerful gentlemen and heroes. They all responded. The Northern Expedition Army has increased to tens of thousands. He is honored as Wuchen as Wu Xinjun.More than ten cities have been won in a row, but the other cities are sticking to it.Wu Chen led his army to march north again, preparing to attack Fan Yang (Dingxing County, Hebei Province) directly.Kuai Che (Kui, sound kuai) from Fanyang said: "Looking at your momentum, it seems that you have to seize the land after the victory, and then occupy the city after the land is seized. I think this is a mistake. If you adopt my opinion, you don't need to win. You can seize the land, and you can seize the city without attacking fortifications. A proclamation can calm thousands of miles, what do you think?" Wu Chen said: "What can you do?" Kuai Che said: "Magistrate Xu of Fanyang County is afraid of death. , and corrupted the law, once the army arrives, he will surrender. If you are still like the previous dozen or so cities, eradicating all the officials of the Qin government and killing him, I am afraid that all the cities on the frontier will become iron walls. Make you invincible. If instead of killing the county magistrate, you make him a marquis and teach him to ride in a luxury vehicle and run around the old land of the Yanzhao Kingdom, with his example, the cities in the old Yanzhao Kingdom will have great potential. I will surrender all of you." The military official said: "This is a good idea." An chariot was sent out (the ancients always stood when riding a chariot, but the chariot could sit down; usually only one horse is used, but four horses can be used for special courtesy) With one hundred vehicles and two hundred cavalry, Kuai Che was ordered to take Hou Yin to persuade the magistrate Xu.Rumors spread that in the homeland of the Yanzhao Kingdom, more than 30 cities surrendered. After Chen Sheng sent Zhou Zhang, he believed that the Qin government had collapsed, so he felt contemptuous and no longer guarded.Consultant (doctor) Kong Yu warned: "I have heard of the "Art of War": do not rely on the enemy not to attack, but rely on us not to be afraid of attack. Now the king is just the opposite, relying on the enemy not to attack, but not relying on his own strength Prepare. Once the army is defeated, it will be too late to regret it.” Chen Sheng said: “Sir, don’t worry about my military operations!” Zhou Zhang recruited strong men along the way, and when he arrived at Hangu Pass (northeast of Lingbao County, Henan Province), he had thousands of chariots and hundreds of thousands of infantry, making him a powerful corps.After entering Xishui (northeast of Lintong County, Shaanxi Province, 40 kilometers away from the capital Xianyang Airline), the flames of war were approaching the capital, unable to hide, Ying Huhai was suddenly shocked, and called an imperial meeting to discuss countermeasures.Ying Huhai was at a loss, so he just asked: "What should I do?" Zhang Han, the Minister of Supply of the Palace (Shaofu), said: "The bandits have arrived at the gate. There are a large number of them, and their fighting power is strong. It is too late to recruit the nearby garrison. Fortunately, Lishan (Lintong County, Shaanxi Province) There are quite a few prisoners doing hard work in the Southwest, Your Majesty, please pardon them, give them weapons, and go to meet them." Ying Huhai then ordered an amnesty, and sent Zhang Han to gather the prisoners and all the slaves in Lishan, as well as the sons of the slaves, Face Zhang Chujun.Zhang Chujun was defeated and retreated. Zhang Er and Chen Yu arrived in Handan (Handan City, Hebei Province) at this time, heard the news of Zhou Zhang's retreat, and heard that Chen Sheng sent generals to seize the land. After returning to Chen County, many people were framed by slander and executed by Chen Sheng.Therefore, it is suggested that the military minister himself become king. In August, Wu Chen proclaimed King Zhao, appointed Chen Yu as the supreme commander (general), Zhang Er as the right chancellor, Shao Sao as the left chancellor, and sent someone to report to Chen Sheng.Chen Sheng lost his temper and planned to massacre the military ministers and other family members, and sent troops to attack the newly established Zhao state. Cai Ci, the military officer of Shangzhu state (general-level military officer), said: "The Qin government has not been overthrown yet, but killing the military ministers and other family members first is to create another state. Another Qin government. It’s best to push the boat along the way, congratulate him, and let him march west.” Chen Sheng accepted, took the military officials and other family members to live in the palace, made Zhang Ao, the son of Zhang Er, the Lord of Chengdu, and sent envoys to Handan to congratulate him. The new king came to the throne and urged to march towards Hangu Pass.Zhang Er and Chen Yu said to the military officials: "It is not the original intention of King Zhang Chu (Chen Sheng) that you be the king of Zhao State, so sending a special envoy to congratulate him is just a strategy. Once Zhang Chu State overthrows the Qin government, it will definitely attack us. .So Your Majesty should consider whether to directly challenge the Qin government? We believe that it is best for Your Majesty to develop northward first, seize the land in the Yan (Beijing) Dai (Yuxian, Hebei Province) area, and then take back Hanoi (Wu County, Henan Province) to the south. Zhi County) to expand the country. At that time, the State of Zhao (Wuchen) was bordered by the Yellow River in the south and Yan Dynasty in the north. At the same time, the division of the country has also increased, and by taking advantage of the exhaustion of the Zhang Chu army and the Qin army, we can run rampant in the world." Wu Chen thought that his view was correct, so he did not go west, but sent Han Guang to the homeland of the Yan Kingdom, and Li Liang to Mount Heng (Hebei) Zhengding County, Shanxi Province), Zhang Wei (sound yan) went to Shangdang (Changzi County, Shanxi Province), and seized land respectively. In September, Liu Bang, a native of Pei County (Pei County, Jiangsu Province), gathered a crowd in Pei County to raise troops.Xiang Liang, a prime minister (Suqian City, Jiangsu Province), gathered a crowd in Wu County (Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province) to raise troops.Tian Dan, a native of Di County (southeast of Gaoqing County, Shandong Province), gathered a crowd in the homeland of the Qi Kingdom to raise troops. Liu Bang, also known as Liu Ji, has a high nose bridge, a broad forehead, clear facial lines, and seventy-one moles on his left leg. He loves friends, is generous, open-minded, and often has great ambitions. Farming career.Initially, he was the head of the village (the head of the pavilion) in Sishui Village (east of Peixian County, Jiangsu Province).Lu Wen, a native of Shanfu (Shanxian County, Shandong Province), is good at facial expressions. When he saw Liu Bang's face, he was very surprised, so he married his daughter (Lu Pheasant).Before long, Liu Bang was sent to escort the prisoners to Lishan to work. Some of them fled on the way and disappeared.According to the situation of the escape, it is speculated that when they arrived at Lishan Mountain, all of them had escaped.Go to Zezhong Pavilion in the west of Feng County (Feng County, Jiangsu Province), stay overnight, and release all the prisoners at night, saying: "You run away, and I will run away from today." There are more than ten strong men among the prisoners, willing to follow He wanders.Liu Bang once got drunk, and in the middle of the night, walking through a grassy marsh, he encountered a big snake lying cross-legged in the road. Liu Bang drew his sword and chopped the big snake into two pieces.In the evening, an old woman cried there and said: "My son is the son of the White Emperor. He turned into a snake and lay down on the road, but was killed by the son of the Red Emperor." Liu Bang fled because of indulging prisoners, and has been hiding between Mount Mang and Dangshan (the two mountains are 4 kilometers apart, located in the northeast of Yongcheng County, Henan Province). I want to surrender to him.Later, when Chen Sheng raised his troops, the county magistrate of Pei County planned to respond. Xiao He, the administrative officer, and Cao Shen, the prison administrator, said: "You are an official appointed by the Qin government, but today you intend to betray the government. If Pei County If people object, you will lose your ground. You'd better bring back the desperadoes who have fled outside. There may be hundreds of them. Under coercion, everyone will dare not disapprove." The county magistrate ordered Fan Kuai to look for Liu Bang.At this time, there were more than a dozen people around Liu Bang, sometimes as many as a hundred people.But at this time, the county magistrate suddenly became aware that these desperadoes might be out of control if they came back, so he changed his mind, refused Liu Bang to return to the city, ordered the gates to be closed, and ordered the militia to defend.In order to cut off the internal response, he also planned to kill Xiao He and Cao Shen.The two were frightened, fled across the city, and defected to Liu Bang.Liu Bang and his gang of hooligans camped under the city, tied letters to arrows, shot them into the city, and analyzed the pros and cons to the elders.The elders then led their children to kill the county magistrate, opened the gates of the city to welcome Liu Bang, and honored him as Peigong (so the princes and ministers of the Chu Kingdom, most of them were dukes. Pei County was originally a territory of the Chu Kingdom, so it was called the Duke. At this time, Chen Sheng had already called him Duke) King Zhang Chu, and when Liu Bang started the incident, his strength was weak, and he was already very satisfied with the title of Duke).Xiao He and Cao Shen gathered the children of Pei County, 3000 people, to respond to the uprising. Xiang Liang is the son of Xiang Yan, a general of the Chu Kingdom. He fled to Wuzhong (Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province) with his nephew Xiang Yu for murder. .When Xiang Yu was young, he failed in literature, and he was not good at swordsmanship.Xiang Liang lost his temper at him, and Xiang Yu said, "What's the use of studying literature? It's just memorizing names. The sword can only fight against one enemy, and there is nothing to learn. If you want to learn, you can learn from ten thousand enemies." Xiang Liang taught him the art of war, and Xiang Yu I got my appetite right, but I only looked at a rough idea and refused to study it in depth. Xiang Yu is more than eight feet long (this is the ancient Chinese ruler, one foot is about 23 centimeters, eight feet is about 184 centimeters), and he is so powerful that he can lift a tripod with two hands, and his talent is beyond ordinary people.Yin Tong, the magistrate (guard) of Kuaiji County (Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province), heard of Chen Sheng's uprising, and planned to raise troops to respond, and appointed Xiang Liang and Huan Chu as commanders.At that time, Huan Chu was fleeing in the wilderness. Xiang Liang said: "No one knows where Huan Chu is hiding, only Xiang Yu knows." So he asked Xiang Yu to wait outside the hall with full armor, and Xiang Liang went in to meet the county magistrate. Yin Tong talked and suggested: "Please ask the county magistrate to summon Xiang Yu and give him an order in person to instruct him to find Huan Chu." Yin Tong agreed, "Okay!" Xiang Liang ordered Xiang Yu to go in.After a while, Xiang Liang gave Xiang Yu a look and said, "It's all right." Xiang Yu struck out with lightning and chopped off Yin Tong's head.In an instant, the county government panicked and panicked. Xiang Yu attacked bravely and beheaded dozens of people—perhaps a hundred people. The county government lay dead bodies all over the ground.Only then did Xiang Liang summon the senior officials of the county government that he usually made friends with, and announced that he did this only for the sake of great events and rebels. (This is a typical bloody seizure of power. It has nothing to do with fighting against Qin. Yin Tong originally wanted to raise troops to respond to Chen Sheng, which was exactly the same as Xiang Liang's goal.) So he led the regular army under the county government and the civilian children recruited from other counties and cities , A total of 8,000 elite troops were assembled.Xiang Liang was the magistrate of Kuaiji County, and Xiang Yu was the deputy general (Private General), leading the army to capture counties and cities that refused to submit.This year (209 years ago), Xiang Yu was twenty-four years old. Tian Dan was from the royal family of the former Qi Kingdom.Tian Rong, Tian Dan's cousin, and Tian Heng, Tian Rong's younger brother, are both heroes. With their powerful families, they are able to win the hearts of the people.General Zhou Fu of Zhang Chu State seized the land, and the army advanced to Di County, which closed the city and stood firm.Tian Dan tied up his slave and sent it to the county government in person, claiming that he would go to the county magistrate and ask him to allow him to execute the slave (the ancients had the right to kill their own slaves, but they had to report to the government in advance).The county magistrate of Di county appeared in court for interrogation. Tian Dan took the opportunity to behead the county magistrate, and called on the young and strong, saying: "The whole world has risen against the Qin government, and all the kingdoms have returned to their kingdoms. Qi Kingdom is an ancient country. I, Tian Dan, ，理应当王。”宣称自己是齐王，出兵迎战周福，周福撤退。田儋遂率军向东收复故齐王国土地。 赵国大将韩广，奉赵王武臣之命，北上夺取故燕王国土地，当地英雄豪杰，要拥护韩广当燕王。韩广说：“我娘亲还在邯郸，千万不可。”大家说：“赵国西边怕秦，南边怕张楚，对我们已没有控制力量。而且，以张楚国的强大，不敢害赵王将相的家属，赵王安敢加害于你？”韩广就自称燕王。几个月后，赵国把韩广的娘亲和家属，平安送到。 赵王武臣，跟张耳、陈馀，沿着燕国（韩广）边界，夺取土地。武臣偶尔外出，被燕军俘虏。燕国把他囚禁起来，要求赵国割让土地。赵国派出几次使节，全被燕国斩首。正在无可奈何，一个炊事兵（养卒）前往燕军营地，晋见燕军将领说：“你可知道张耳、陈馀有什么盼望？”燕军将领说：“盼望得到他们的国王罢啦。”炊事兵大笑说：“那不是他们的盼望。事实上，武臣、张耳、陈馀，不费吹灰之力，得到故赵王国疆土，每人都想当王，谁肯安心当一辈子宰相将军？只不过大局初定，不敢一下子三分天下而已。只好以长幼为序，先推举武臣当王，收揽民心。而今局势已定，张耳、陈馀，正要瓜分赵国土地，只在等待时机。将军却囚禁武臣，这两位先生，名义上是求你放他，实际上是求你杀他，杀了武臣之后，两人就各得一半。一赵国已不把燕国看到眼里，不久就出现两个贤能的国王，团结一致，指控你谋杀赵王之罪，你们燕国非覆亡不可。”燕军将领立即把武臣释放，由炊事兵驾车，返回赵国军营。 5、张楚国大将周福，自狄县还军，经过故魏王国土地，打算立故魏王国王子宁陵君魏咎当魏王。恰巧魏咎在陈县，一时不能抵达，而土地城市，都已收复，大家要求周福当王。周福说：“天下混乱，忠臣乃见。全世界都背叛秦政府，在道义上，一定要立故魏王国皇家后裔才行。”大家坚持周福称王，周福坚决拒绝。派人到陈县迎接魏咎，五次往返，陈胜才准许魏咎前往，宣布他当魏王（首都临济），周福担任宰相。 6、本年（前二〇九年），秦政府下令把卫国（首府野王）国君（四十八任）卫角，贬作平民，卫国灭亡（前一一一二年至前二〇九年，立国九〇四年）。 1、冬季，十月，秦王朝（首都咸阳）泗水郡（安徽省淮北市）监察官（泗水监）平（姓不详），率军包围变民首领刘邦所在的丰县（江苏省丰县·刘邦出生地），刘邦迎战，把郡政府的军队击败，遂命雍齿留守丰县。 十一月，刘邦率军北上，攻击薛县（山东省滕州市南），泗水郡长（守）壮（姓不详），迎战失败，逃到戚县（山东省微山县），刘邦派左参谋官（左司马）追获，斩首。 2、张楚国（陈胜）西征大将周章向东撤退，退出函谷关（河南省灵宝县东北），在曹阳（河南省三门峡市西南）扎营。两个月后，秦政府大将章邯尾追而至。周章战败，再向东撤退到渑池（河南省渑池县西）。十几日后，章邯猛烈攻击，张楚军再次战败。周章自杀，张楚军瓦解。 3、张楚国代理国王（假王）吴广，率大军围攻荥阳（河南省荥阳县）。秦王朝三川郡（河南省洛阳市东白马寺东）郡长李由（李斯的儿子），坚守荥阳，吴广不能攻克。张楚军将领田臧等，交换意见说：“周章兵团已被击破，秦军随时会到。我们屯兵坚城之下，腹背受敌，势将瓦解。不如只留少数军队在此，将所有的精锐兵力，给秦军一个迎头痛击。现在，代理国王（吴广）骄傲不可一世，又不懂军事，跟他谈徒浪费时间，甚至他可能反对，事情就不可为。”商量已定，就假传张楚王命令，袭杀吴广，把人头割下，呈献陈胜。陈胜不敢责备，反而派使节把宰相（令尹）的印信送给田臧，任命他当上将。田臧就留李归等少数将领继续围攻荥阳，然后亲自率领精锐，西上迎击，在敖仓（河南省荥阳县北敖山粮仓）跟秦军遭遇，张楚军崩溃，田臧阵亡。章邯乘胜攻击李归，再大破张楚军，李归等战死，荥阳围解。 阳城（河南省登封县东南）人邓说的部队，驻屯郏城（河南省郏县），章邯部下的一个将领，把他击败。铚县（安徽省宿州市西南）人伍逢的部队驻屯许县（河南省许昌市东），被章邯击败。两军奔还陈县。陈胜诛杀邓说。 4、秦王朝皇帝（二任）嬴胡亥（本年二十三岁）不断责备宰相李斯，说他位居三公（秦政府三公：宰相、全国武装部队总司令、最高监察长），为什么使盗匪猖獗到如此地步？李斯大为恐惧，但他贪恋权势，仍不肯辞职，而又拿不出方案对策，只好迎合嬴胡亥的想法，上奏章说：“圣贤君王的意义，就是能够明察罪行，加以惩罚，所以申不害有言：'掌握天下权力而不知道随心所欲、放纵享乐的，是谓“把天下当成枷锁”。为什么会这样？只因他疏忽了督责他的部属，只好自己辛苦，跟伊祁放勋（尧）、姒文命（禹）一样，于是，天下自然成为枷锁。'如果不能实行申不害、韩非的学说，严厉督责部属，而把天下的事集中在一个人身上，结果身体疲惫，精神憔悴，平白苦了自己。将精力全都贡献给人民，这是凡夫俗子干的事，不是拥有无限权力的伟人领袖干的事。如果领袖也干这种事，领袖又有什么尊贵之处？所以英明的领袖，能够独自决断、严厉督责。权力在领袖之手，而不在部属之手。封闭所谓道德仁义的道路，根绝所有进谏规劝的言论。领袖想做什么就做什么，没有一个人敢表示异议。如果这样，官员、人民弥补自己的过失都来不及，哪里还有心思图谋叛逆？”嬴胡亥大为高兴，于是，对部下更加严厉，认为征收赋税最多的官员有才干，杀人最多的官员是忠臣。受刑的囚犯络绎道路，每天街市上都堆满了尸体。凶恶残暴，人民骇恐，越发盼望天下大乱。 5、赵国大将李良，已收复恒山（河北省正定县。去年，武臣派李良出发夺地），回邯郸复命。武臣再派他前往夺取太原（山西省太原市），走到石邑（河北省石家庄市西南），秦政府军在井陉（河北省井陉县井陉关）布防，赵军不能前进。秦军将领伪造嬴胡亥一封信，向李良招降。李良接信后，将信将疑。因大军不能前进，折回邯郸，请求援兵。将到邯郸时，遇见武臣的姐姐参加宴会归来。李良看那副架势排场，以为是赵王亲到，急忙下马，就在道旁伏地拜谒。偏偏武臣的姐姐烂醉如泥，不知道对方是李良，认为只是一位普通将领，仅教一位骑兵表示谢意。李良在将领中居于高位，素来尊贵。从地上爬起来，回顾他的侍从卫土，自觉羞惭。一位侍从官说：“天下纷纷叛变，有能力的人首先当王。赵王原来的地位就比你低，而他的姐姐竟然对你都不肯下车相见，将来天下平定，更没有我们立足之地，一不做，二不休，不如把这个女人干掉。”李良接到嬴胡亥的信，已经动摇，但仍犹豫不决，恰好受到侮辱，再经部下挑拨，不禁怒火上冲，立即派人追杀武臣的姐姐，率军突袭邯郸。邯郸毫无戒备，李良闯入皇宫，斩赵王武臣跟左宰相邵骚。张耳、陈馀平常广交朋友，消息灵通，所以得到风声，逃出劫难。 6、凌县（江苏省泗阳县）人秦嘉、符离（安徽省宿州市东北）人朱鸡石等，聚众起兵，把东海郡（山东省郯城县）郡长，围困在郯县（山东省郯城县）。张楚王陈胜听到消息，派武平君畔（姓不详），前往充任监军，管理郯县一带张楚军。秦嘉拒绝，自称最高指挥官（大司马），不愿隶属武平君畔，告诉他的部下说：“武平君（畔）不过一个毛头小伙，乳臭未干，懂得什么，不要理他。”遂称接到张楚王命令，斩武平君畔。 7、秦帝（二任）嬴胡亥，派司马欣、董翳，分别担任东征军统帅章邯的秘书长（长史）、民兵司令（都尉），协助章邯进剿盗匪。此时，章邯已击破许县（河南省许昌市东）伍逢，击斩张楚国上柱国（上将级武官）蔡赐，大军直逼陈县（河南省淮阳县·张楚王陈胜首都）。张楚军将领张贺，在西郊构筑工事，陈胜亲自督战，但张楚军仍大败，张贺阵亡，情势危急。 十二月，陈胜前往汝阴（安徽省阜阳市），归途经过下城父（安徽省涡阳县），车夫庄贾刺杀陈胜，向秦投降。 当初，陈胜既当张楚王，亲戚朋友，纷纷前来投靠，岳父也随同前往，陈胜竟把他当做普通宾客接待，作一个揖而已，并不像过去那样，下跪叩头。岳父生气说：“领导叛乱，冒称王号，而又对长辈傲慢无礼，绝不能长久。”也不告辞，起身就走。陈胜跪下来请求原谅，岳父也不理会。亲友越来越多，经常跟陈胜谈论昔年往事。有人警告陈胜说：“大王那些老朋友客人，愚昧无知，喜欢乱说话，恐怕影响你的形象，减低威望。”陈胜就找个借口，把老朋友们一一诛杀。大家遂纷纷逃去，没有人再跟陈胜亲近。陈胜任命朱防当考选官（中正），胡武当特务官（司过），负责情报跟安全工作。将领们夺取土地城市回来，二人对将领们在外所颁发的命令或所做的事，总是批评纠查，甚至认为违法，逮捕下狱。将领们对人民越是苛刻，越被认为忠心。陈胜所不喜欢的人，不是交由军法审判，就是自己亲自处置。将领们对陈胜毫无亲密之情，最后，也终于在这上面失败。 陈胜从前的随从（涓人）、现任将军的吕臣，当苍头军（青巾包头）统帅，从新阳（安徽省界首市北）出发，反攻陈县。克复陈县后，斩庄贾，仍称楚国，把陈胜埋葬在砀县（河南省永城县），尊称为隐王。 当初，陈胜派铚邑（安徽省宿州市西南）人宋留，率军夺取南阳（河南省南阳市），攻击武关（陕西省商南县西南）。宋留已攻下南阳，听到陈胜死亡消息，军心不稳，南阳再叛归秦政府，宋留投降。嬴胡亥下令把宋留车裂示众（五马分尸）。 8、魏国（魏咎）宰相周福，率军夺取丰县（江苏省丰县）及沛县（江苏省沛县），派人向雍齿招降（雍齿留守丰县），雍齿一向瞧不起刘邦，不愿做他的部下，遂献出丰县，投降周福。刘邦回军反攻，不能收复。 9、赵国张耳、陈馀，收集残兵败卒，集结数万人，攻击李良。李良战败，投降秦军章邯。宾客中有人提醒张耳、陈馀，说：“两位都不是赵王国人，在此地等于旅客。如果要依靠赵王国，恐怕难以立足。只有一个办法：物色一位故赵王国皇家的后裔当王，你们当他的助手，才可以成功。”这是一项有深度的见解，于是物色到赵歇。 春季，正月，张耳、陈馀，拥立赵歇继位赵王，定都信都（河北省邢台市）。 10、东阳（江苏省盱眙县东南）人宁君、秦嘉，听到陈胜溃败消息，拥护景驹继任张楚王，率军抵达方与（山东省鱼台县），准备攻击定陶（山东省定陶县）秦军。派公孙庆出使齐国（田儋），约期共同出兵。齐王田儋说：“陈胜战败，生死未卜，你们怎么不先请示齐国，而自封国王？”公孙庆说：“齐国不向张楚国（陈胜）请示而自封国王，张楚国（景驹）为什么要向齐国请示？而且，张楚国首先发难，自当号令天下。”田儋恼羞成怒，斩公孙庆。 秦军左右指挥官（左右校尉）攻陷陈县。张楚苍头军统帅吕臣败走，集结散兵游勇，跟番阳（江西省波阳县）变民首领英布结合，联合反攻。在青波（河南省息县与新蔡县交界处）会战，大破秦军，夺回陈县。 英布，是六县（安徽省六安市）人，因犯法被判在脸上刺字的黥刑，依照规定，应押送到骊山（陕西省临潼县东南）去做苦工。当时骊山聚集囚徒几十万人，英布跟其中头目和豪杰们结交，乘机率领死党，逃亡到长江一带，成为盗匪。番阳县长吴芮，很受人民爱戴，号称番君。英布前往晋见，当时拥有数千人，已成一个强大的武装力量。吴芮把女儿嫁给他，使他率领徒众，出击秦军。 11、张楚王景驹在留县（江苏省沛县东南）扎营，刘邦前往投靠。张良聚集了一百余少年，也前往投靠。中途跟刘邦相遇，遂决定追随。刘邦任用张良当骑兵官（厩将）。张良屡次向刘邦谈论《太公兵法》（太公指齐国第一任国君姜子牙），刘邦都能领会，而且常常采纳张良的意见。张良曾经把他的谋略告诉其他将领，却没有一个人能够了解。张良赞叹说：“刘邦真是天纵奇才！”决心不再他往。刘邦跟张良晋见景驹，准备请求派遣援军，反攻丰县。 当时，秦政府东征军统帅章邯的参谋官（司马）夷（姓不详），大军所到之处，血腥屠杀。从相县（安徽省淮北市），直到砀县。东阳人宁君跟刘邦联合西进，在萧县（安徽省萧县）西方会战，稍稍失利，撤退到留县。 二月，刘邦攻击砀县，三天攻下，接收砀县武装部队六千人，于是拥有九千人劲旅。 三月，再攻陷下邑（安徽省砀山县），回军再攻丰县，仍不能攻克。 12、广陵（江苏省扬州市）人召平，受故张楚王陈胜的派遣，夺取广陵，还没有攻克；得到陈胜失败消息，而秦军章邯马上又到。于是，渡长江而南，诈称奉张楚王（陈胜）命令，任命项梁当楚国上柱国，说：“江东（江苏省南部太湖流域）已经底定，请出兵西上，攻击秦军。”项梁遂率八千人渡长江，听说陈婴占领东阳，派出使节，要求联合作战。 陈婴是前东阳县政府的职员（令史），留住县城，一向谨慎笃实，人们都称长者，对他十分尊敬。各地抗暴纷起，年轻人击杀县长，集结两万余人，要求陈婴当王。娘亲对陈婴说：“自从我嫁到你们陈家，从没有听说你们祖先，有谁做过官的。如今突然大名加身，绝对不是祥瑞。不如追随一位领袖，事情成功，至少可封一个侯爵。事情失败，也容易逃走藏匿，不要追求世俗上所谓的大名！”陈婴遂拒绝称王，告诉军官们说：“项家世世当楚王国的将领，享有盛名。我们要成大事，非他们不行。投靠名家，才可以灭秦。”大家接受，于是把军权交给项梁。 英布既击败秦军，向东推进。听说项梁已渡淮河，遂跟另一位蒲将军（名不详），一齐归附项梁。项梁这时候已拥兵六七万人，扎营下邳（江苏省睢宁县北）。张楚王景驹、大将秦嘉，在彭城（江苏省徐州市）以东布防，准备抵制项梁。项梁昭告大军说：“张楚王（陈胜）首先发难，战场失利，一时不知去向。秦嘉竟然背叛，另立景驹当王，大逆不道！”遂攻击秦嘉，秦嘉大败逃走，项梁追到胡陵（山东省鱼台县东南），秦嘉反攻，苦战一天，秦嘉阵亡，军队投降。景驹逃走，死在魏国（魏咎）。 项梁既吞并秦嘉的部队，进抵胡陵，将率军西上。而秦军大将章邯，也抵达栗县（河南省夏邑县）。项梁特遣将领朱鸡石、馀樊君进击。馀樊君战死，朱鸡石大败，逃回胡陵。项梁率军进驻薛县（山东省滕州市南），斩朱鸡石。 刘邦率骑士一百余人晋见项梁，项梁拨给刘邦士卒五千人、“五大夫”级（文官十二级）将领十人。刘邦遂再攻丰县，攻陷，雍齿逃奔魏国（魏咎）。 项梁命项羽攻击襄城（河南省襄城县），襄城坚守。陷落后，项羽把全城军民，全部坑杀。（起兵革命，本为抗暴，想不到革命之人，比暴更暴，中国人就一直在这种灾难中循环。）