Chapter 25 3rd century 80s BC (220-211 BC)
1. Emperor Yingzheng of the Qin Dynasty (capital Xianyang) visited Longxi (Lintao County, Gansu Province), Beidi (Xifeng City, Gansu Province), Jitou Mountain (north of Jingyuan County, Gansu Province), and returned to Zhong Palace (Northwest of Long County, Shaanxi Province).
2. The Qin government built Changxin Palace (west of Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province) on the south bank of the Weihe River, which was renamed Jimiao Palace after completion.Build roads from Jimiao Palace to Lishan Mountain (southeast of Lintong County, Shaanxi Province), build the front hall of Ganquan Palace (northwest of Chunhua County, Shaanxi Province), and build imperial avenues (corridors, streets and alleys with walls, so that pedestrians or goods can pass through, and the outside world invisible), connected to Xianyang (Xianyang City).Then build a large number of high-speed highways (Chidao), from Xianyang to the counties, and control the whole country. (The high-speed road extends in all directions. It reaches the Kingdom of Yan in the north and the South China Sea in the south. It is fifty steps wide, and trees are planted every three feet. It is comparable to the road of the Roman Empire.)
1. Emperor Yingzheng of the Qin Dynasty (capital Xianyang) inspected the eastern counties and counties, climbed Mount Yi (southeast of Zouxian County, Shandong Province. Yi, sound yi), and erected a stone tablet on Mount Yi, praising his own merits (Yingzheng’s footsteps All over the country, a total of seven monuments to praise meritorious deeds have been erected, and "Historical Records" records six inscriptions, only one on Yishan is missing).Gathered more than 70 Confucian scholars from the former Lu State (the capital of Qufu) to Mount Tai (north of Tai’an City, Shandong Province) to discuss "Feng Chan" (sacrificing the sky is called "Feng", and the place is called "Zen". Mount Tai is already high enough Yes, build a high platform on Mount Tai, and use it to worship the gods, and the gods are easier to accept, which is called "sealing". A branch peak of Mount Tai is named Liangfu Mountain, and the ground is swept away on Liangfu Mountain—the stratum there The thickest, offering sacrifices to the gods of the earth, is "Zen". The ceremony is extremely grand, but in fact it is just a tool for the nobles to show their wealth, responsibility and power, which is more than their addiction. Therefore, emperors of all dynasties are willing to perform in this performance, lead role).Some Confucian scholars insisted: "In ancient times, the kings enshrined the Zen (climbing Mount Tai to offer sacrifices to the heaven and the earth), and wrapped the wheels with cattail grass to show their benevolence, and they did not want to hurt the earth, rocks, vegetation on the mountain. As for the sacrifices to the land, straw mats were always used." Scholars Each has its own way, and there is a lot of discussion. Yingzheng felt that these ancient rules could not be implemented, so he left prejudices against Confucianism.
Ying Zheng ordered to build a road from the southern foot of Mount Tai (north of Tai'an City, Shandong Province) to the highest peak of Mount Tai, erected steles and carved stones, and praised his merits.From the north side of Mount Tai, go to Liangfu Mountain (southeast of Tai'an City) to worship the earth.The ceremonies, formulated by the Minister of Sacrifice (Taizhu), are roughly the same as the ceremonies established by the Qin Empire in ancient times in Yong County (Fengxiang County, Shaanxi Province) to worship God.All documents are kept secret, and the world does not know.Yingzheng went to the shore of the East China Sea (Yellow Sea) to offer sacrifices to famous mountains and rivers and eight important gods (eight gods: first, the gods of heaven, worshiped in Yuanshui; Chiyou is worshiped in Pinlu; 4. Yin God is worshiped in Sanshan; 5. Yang God is worshiped in Zhifu Mountain; Langye Mountain Sacrifice. The custom of offering sacrifices to the Eight Gods, according to legend, began with Jiang Shang, the founding monarch of the Zhou Dynasty who enfeoffed the state of Qi, so the sacrifice sites for the Eight Gods are all in today’s Shandong Province), and then went south to climb Langye Mountain (Jiaonan, Shandong Province Shinan), happily, stayed for three months to build Langye Terrace (Langye Terrace was originally built by Si Goujian, the first king of the Yue Kingdom, and Yingzheng transferred 30,000 families from other places to Langya to build the tower, which probably belongs to expansion. Engineering), and then set up steles and stones, praising his merits and virtues, expressing his great satisfaction with himself.
In the beginning, Song Wuji from the Kingdom of Yan and Zi Gaozheliu from Xianmen (complex surname) claimed that there was a kind of magic to transform into a fairy--when a person gets old, his body disappears, he becomes a fairy, and ascends to heaven; Some pedantic and weird people are scrambling to pursue learning.Qi King Tian Yinqi (1st term), Tian Biqiang (2nd term), and Yan King Ji Ping (4th term) all believed in it, and sent people to the sea to search for the three fairy mountains of Penglai, Fangzhang, and Yingzhou.It is said that the three fairy mountains are not too far away from the human world in the middle of the Bohai Sea (Bohai Bay).There are also mortals who have been there, and the gods and the elixir are there.When Yingzheng arrived, Xu Fu, a Taoist magician (alchemist) from the Kingdom of Qi, and a group of people wrote letters one after another, requesting that they be sent to search the sea with virgins. Take the lead and set off across the sea.However, they all returned disappointed, thinking that it was caused by bad wind."We can't get close, but we've seen," they insisted.
On the way back to the capital Xianyang (Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province), Yingzheng passed through Pengcheng (Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province), fasting and praying (fasting: not eating meat, not being close to women, being honest and respectful), and sending more than a thousand people to Surabaya (A tributary of the Huaihe River, which flows through the east of Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, has been lost today.) Searching for the Jiuding of the Zhou Dynasty found nothing. (It is said that when the Zhou Kingdom perished, the Jiuding was transported to the Qin Kingdom, and one of the tripods suddenly flew into the sky and fell into Surabaya. Yingzheng searched for the flying tripod. In fact, the Jiuding had already been destroyed. If it had been transported In Xianyang, when the Qin Dynasty overthrew, someone should have seen the Jiuding. "Historical Records" records that the Qin Kingdom moved the Jiuding, which is probably just a smoke screen, announcing the transfer of power to the world.) Then, Yingzheng marched southwest and crossed the Huai River ( Huai River), went to Mount Heng (Huoshan, southwest of Huoshan County, Anhui Province), Nanjun (Jiangling County, Hubei Province), went down the Yangtze River, and went to Xiangshan Mountain (northwest of Yueyang City, Hunan Province) to worship King Xiang.Yingzheng asked the consultant (doctor): "What kind of god is Mr. Xiang?" Here." Yingzheng was furious and sent three thousand prisoners to cut down the trees on Xiangshan Mountain, exposing it to dirt and rocks (Yingzheng has forgotten who he is, and believes that gods should respect him. This is one of the Chinese traditions: political power surpassed everything), then returned to Nanjun (Jiangling County, Hubei Province), and returned to Xianyang from Wuguan (southwest of Shangnan County, Shaanxi Province).
2. At first, Zhang Liang, a native of the Kingdom of Han, his father and grandfather were the prime ministers of the Kingdom of Han for five generations. Later, when the Kingdom of Han perished (refer to 230 BC), Zhang Liang dispersed his family property and wanted to avenge the Kingdom of Han. .
1. Qin Dynasty (the capital of Xianyang) Emperor Yingzheng (the first emperor) set out to inspect the east, and when he came to Yangwu (Yuanyang County, Henan Province) and Bolangsha (Zhongmou County, Henan Province), the Hercules hired by Zhang Liang used The iron hammer launched a sniper attack, but unexpectedly hit the backup vehicle by mistake.Yingzheng's heart was shattered, and when the shock came to an end, the assassin had already escaped, and he ordered a nationwide search. After ten days of turmoil, the killer could not be caught.
2. Yingzheng continued to travel eastward, climbing Mount Fu (Zhiguo Island, Beizhiguo Island, Yantai City, Shandong Province), carved stones and erected monuments, praising his merits.On the way back, head to Langye (south of Jiaonan City, Shandong Province) and return via Shangdang (Changzi County, Shanxi Province).
There is no record for this year.
1. The Qin government (capital Xianyang) ordered the people of the whole country to report the number of acres of land by themselves.
1. Qin Dynasty (capital Xianyang) Emperor Yingzheng (the first emperor) left the capital Xianyang and traveled eastward to Jieshi (north of Changli County, Hebei Province. Jie, sound jie), and ordered Mr. Lu of the Kingdom of Yan to visit the ancient immortal Xianmen.Then carved a stone monument in Jieshi, praising his merits.For this project, the city wall was destroyed and even the dikes were demolished.
2. Yingzheng went north to inspect the border, via Shangjun (Nanyuhebao, Yulin City, Shaanxi Province), and returned to Xianyang (Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province).
3. Mr. Lu came back from the sea and copied a passage from "Lushu" (mysterious magic book): "It was Hu who brought the Qin Dynasty down." Report it to Yingzheng.Meng Tian, a general of the Yingzheng faction, led an army of 300,000 to attack the Xiongnu tribe in the north (the royal court set up the right-wing middle banner of Chahar, Inner Mongolia).
1. The Qin government (capital Xianyang) forcibly recruited unemployed vagrants and son-in-laws (a man who marries a woman and gives birth to a child with the mother’s surname is called a "son-in-law". In a male-centered society, he would not be a son-in-law unless he was particularly poor) , merchants (traditional culture is a culture that emphasizes agriculture over business, and believes that merchants are cunning and exploited for business, which is harmful but not profitable), formed an expeditionary corps, and attacked Luliang in South Vietnam (South Vietnam refers to Guangdong and Guangxi. Luliang, Refers to the South China area in the north and south of the Wuling Mountains, where the people are aggressive and known as "the strong beam on land", so it is called "Lu Liang"), and Guilin County (north of Baise City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region) and Nanhai County (Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province) are set up. , Xiang County (Chongzuo County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region), dispatched 500,000 criminals and civilians to the Wuling Mountains, mixed with the South Vietnamese aborigines (the Qin government initially set up thirty-six counties, and now three more counties have been added, and the other two counties have not been recorded. , that is, Guangyang County and Minzhong County, a total of 41 counties).
2. Meng Tian attacked the Xiongnu tribe (Wang Ting set up the right-wing middle banner of Chahar, Inner Mongolia), took back Henan land (the area south of Hetao), set up forty-four counties, built the Great Wall, and built camps in line with the difficult terrain, from Lintao (Min County, Gansu Province) ) to Liaodong (Liaoyang City, Liaoning Province), which is more than 10,000 miles long.Meng Tian led his army across Hetao, occupied the mountains in Hebei (Yinshan Mountains), and then expanded northward. The army was in a field state for more than ten years.Meng Tian set up the headquarters of the Corps in Shangjun (Nanyuhebao, Yulin City, Shaanxi Province), which shocked the Huns.
1. The Qin government (capital Xianyang) launched a judicial purge campaign. All judicial officials who perverted the law for selfishness, intentionally framed good people, tortured them into tricks, or deliberately found guilty and innocent, or convicted minor crimes, were exiled to the northern frontier to build the Great Wall, or exiled to South Vietnam places (Guangdong Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region).
2. Prime Minister (Prime Minister) Li Si wrote a memorial to Qin Emperor (first emperor) Yingzheng, saying: "In the past, countries fought against each other, so intellectuals were widely recruited. Today, it has been decided, and the decree comes from the central government. The people should be engaged in farming. Intellectuals should study laws and regulations. However, some intellectuals in front of them do not pay attention to modern times, but try their best to worship ancient times, attack the current system, spread each other, and disturb the hearts of the people. Hearing an order, everyone stands in their own position In the office, he was dissatisfied orally, and he left the office and went to the streets and alleys to criticize casually. Some people showed off their ideas to gain reputation. Some people put forward contrary opinions, thought they were wise, led the masses, and slandered the government. If it is not prohibited, I am afraid that the authority of the king will gradually decline, and the formation of cliques and gangs among the people will follow. I suggest: all prohibition. The method is: start with books first, and burn all history books that are not officially recorded by the Qin government ( Elimination of history books of various countries). Unless he is the duty of a consulting official (doctor), anyone else's collection, "Book of Books" and other scholars' works must be monitored by the county chief and militia commander (county lieutenant) within a time limit Burn it with fire. If two or more people talk about the "Book of Books" together, behead them. If the past is not the present, the whole family will be executed. If the officials find this situation and do not report it, they will be guilty of the same crime as the criminal. The order was issued thirty Days later, those who continued to collect and refused to burn were tattooed on their faces (tattoo punishment) and sentenced to four years of hard labor (Chengdan). However, books on medicine, divination, and tree planting were not limited to burning. Some people want to learn the law , invite officials to be teachers." Ying Zheng commented: "Yes."
Chen Yu, a member of the Kingdom of Wei, said to Kong Yu: "The government will destroy the books of the ancestors (ancestors), and you are the owner of the books. I am afraid that there will be great disasters." Kong Yu said: "I study some seemingly useless books Knowledge, those who understand me, are my friends. The Qin government is not my friend, what is my disaster? I will hide them, and one day, people will come forward to ask for them. When people ask, they are no longer Disaster." (If you are not a friend, there will be no catastrophe. What kind of logic is this? Kong Yu's words are confused and incomprehensible, wasting the pen and ink of the record.)
1. The Qin government (capital Xianyang) sent Meng Tian from Yunyang (Chunhua County, Shaanxi Province) to Jiuyuan (Baotou City, Inner Mongolia) to build high-grade pavement avenues (straight roads), open mountains and fill valleys. Years, can't be done. (From Yunyang to Jiuyuan, the air distance is 700 kilometers, and the hands are full of deserts, which are of no economic value. At this time, only the Xiongnu tribe is left in the Qin government's external troubles. It should be for marching and conveying government orders.)
2. Yingzheng believes that the capital Xianyang (Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province) is overpopulated and the palace is small.So a palace was built in the Royal Garden of Shanglinyuan on the south bank of the Weishui River.First build the front hall (known as the "Afang Palace") in Afang Mountain (west of Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province), five hundred steps from east to west, and fifty feet from north to south. , built an elevated avenue (Gate Road) with wooden boards around it, from Afang Palace to Nanshan (Qinling Mountains, the air distance between the two places is 40 kilometers), and on the peak of Nanshan, build "Huabiao" (similar to the stone pillars of Western monuments) as sign.Then build a double-layer avenue (complex road), from Efang Palace to the north, cross the Weishui River, and go straight to Xianyang, symbolizing the sky from Beichenxing and Gedaoxing, across the Milky Way, to Yingxing and Shixing.700,000 prisoners who suffered castration (cutting off genitals) and other sentences were recruited and sent to Afang Palace or Lishan Yingzheng Mausoleum (east of Lintong County, Shaanxi Province) for hard labor.Stones from Beishan (Jiuyi Mountain) (not that there is anything wrong with stones from Qinling Mountains that is close at hand, but that they cannot show their prestige) and wood from Shudi (Sichuan Province) and Jingdi (the land of the former Chu Kingdom) were successively deliver to.Guanzhong (the central part of Shaanxi Province, the long and narrow area of the Wei River basin centered on Xi'an. East Hangu Pass, Xisan Pass, Beixiao Pass, and Nanwu Pass are just among the four passes) to build 300 palaces. To the east of Guguan) more than 400 palaces were built.
Therefore, a huge stone stood in Donghai County (Tancheng County, Shandong Province) and Qu County (Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province), as the Eastern Gate (Dongmen Que) of the Qin Dynasty.
The Qin government forced 30,000 families to emigrate to Liyi (northeast of Lintong County, Shaanxi Province), and 50,000 families to emigrate to Yunyang (Chunhua County, Shaanxi Province), exempting them from taxes for ten years.
3. Mr. Lu suggested to Ying Zheng: "According to the secret recipe of the immortals, the king should not always live in one place, but should go on tour frequently to avoid evil spirits. Since the evil spirits are far away, the gods will naturally appear. The palace where His Majesty stays is the most It’s best not to let people know, and then you can get the medicine of immortality.” Ying Zheng said emotionally: “I envy the gods.” So he called himself a “true person” instead of “Zhen”.All 270 palaces and pavilions within 200 miles of Xianyang, the capital, were ordered to build double-layer avenues (complex roads) and elevated avenues (cabin roads) to connect with each other.The two hundred and seventy palaces and pavilions are full of beauties, and there are bedrooms and bands dedicated to Yingzheng.Yingzheng's office also moved around, and Yingzheng went wherever he pleased, and anyone who accidentally revealed where he was was immediately executed.
Yingzheng once went to Liangshan Palace (northwest of Qianxian County, Shaanxi Province), and saw Prime Minister Li Si's guards on the mountain. They were extravagant, majestic, and very unhappy.The eunuch quietly reported to Li Si, Li Si was taken aback, and immediately restrained himself, reducing his guards.Ying Zheng was furious and said, "It must be the eunuch who leaked my words." After tracking down the main culprit, he refused to admit it, so he beheaded all the eunuchs who were by his side at that time.From then on, no one in the world knew where Ying Zheng was.When senior government officials asked for instructions, they had to gather in Xianyang Palace and wait for Yingzheng to appear.
Mr. Hou and Mr. Lu talked about Yingzheng and ridiculed him. (The conclusion of the two is: "Yingzheng is stubborn by nature and violent for his own use. He started from a king and unified the world. He is pretentious and has all his desires satisfied. Since ancient times, he thinks that no one is as good as him. He only trusts judges. And prison officials, they are all favored. Although there are seventy consultants, they are just there to pretend. The prime minister and senior officials only accept the tasks assigned, and everything is under the orders of Yingzheng. Yingzheng uses torture to establish authority, and officials all over the world Afraid of committing crimes, but also greedy for salary. Therefore, no one dared to say a word of truth. Those in the upper position could not hear their own mistakes, so they became more and more proud every day. Those in the lower position were frightened, so they had to use deception to win the favor of the higher position. The Qin government The law stipulates that people who have medical spells, if they fail to work once, will be executed immediately, and there will be no second chance. There are as many as three hundred astronomers, all of whom are first-rate scholars, but they dare not tell the truth for fear of violating taboos. All affairs in the world, big or small, are all in the hands of Ying Zheng. As a result, the official documents Ying Zheng reviews weigh as much as 120 catties a day, and he works day and night. If he does not reach this amount, he will not stop. He is so greedy for power , and want to be a god, we have no ability to find the elixir for him." This passage describes Yingzheng vividly, which is an accurate identification.) In order to avoid disaster, Mr. Hou and Mr. Lu abandoned their jobs and fled.Ying Zheng became furious and roared: "These two guys, I respect them and give them so many rewards, how dare they speak ill of me behind my back. I want to check to see if there are any other intellectuals who stay in Xianyang." Bewitching people with demonic words.” A high-ranking judicial officer (censor, the censor of the Qin Dynasty was responsible for managing prisons) was assigned to arrest all intellectuals.In order to save themselves, the intellectuals went back and forth and denounced each other. As a result, more than 460 people were convicted.Just in Xianyang, the capital, all were killed by pits (the pits should be interpreted as burying alive, or as pushing or luring them into a trap before doing anything. Bai Qi pitted the Kingdom of Zhao to send 400,000 soldiers. At first glance, it seemed impossible, but the detachment drove into the valley, Both ends are blocked, no matter how many people can escape), and spread widely, making it known to the world, using terror to strengthen suppression.
Yingzheng expanded his immigration to the frontier. His eldest son, Yingfusu, persuaded him: "Those intellectuals all worship Confucius, and my father dealt with them harshly. I am afraid that the world will be disturbed." Yingzheng became angry and sent Yingfusu to the Shangjun (southeast of Yulin City, Shaanxi Province), served as the supervisor of Mengtian Northern Army.
1. The meteorite fell from the sky and fell to Dongjun (Puyang City, Henan Province). Someone inscribed on the meteorite: "The First Emperor (Yingzheng) died and the land was divided." Yingzheng sent a senior judicial officer (Yushi) to investigate and interrogate, but no one admitted .Therefore, all the people near the meteorite were killed, and the meteorite was incinerated.
2. The Qin government (capital Xianyang) forced 30,000 families to immigrate to Hebei (north of Hetao and south of Yinshan Mountain) and Yuzhong (Ejin Horo Banner, Inner Mongolia), and rewarded each person with the lowest rank scholar").