Chapter 24 3rd century 70s BC (230-221 BC)

1. The mayor (internal history) Sheng (surname unknown) of the special city of Xianyang (Chengyang City, Shaanxi Province), the capital of the Qin Kingdom, led an army to capture Xinzheng (the capital of South Korea, Xinzheng County, Henan Province), and captured Han An alive (the fifth term) , the Kingdom of Korea died (333-230 BC, 104 years since the founding of the country).The Qin Kingdom established Yingchuan County in the homeland of the Han Kingdom (the county government set up Yangzhai. The death of the Han Kingdom brought the Warring States Period to a sharp end. This was the first country to perish among the six countries. Since then, the situation has changed greatly. Within ten years, The other five countries were wiped out at once).

2. Mrs. Huayang, the Empress Dowager of the Qin Kingdom (Huayang Empress Dowager Yingzheng's grandmother) passed away. 3. The Kingdom of Zhao (the capital Handan) was famined. 4. The monarch of Weiguo (capital wild king) (forty-seventh term) Wei Yuanjun (name unknown) passed away, and his son Weijiao succeeded to the throne (forty-eighth term). 1. The Kingdom of Qin (capital Xianyang) launched a national attack on the Kingdom of Zhao (capital Handan).General Wang Jian led the garrison in Shangjun (Shangjun Nanyuhebao, Yulin City, Shaanxi Province) to attack Jingxingsai (Huolu County, Hebei Province); another general Yang Duanhe led the garrison in Hanoi (north of the Yellow River in Henan Province), and went north to respond.Generals Li Mu and Sima Shang of the Zhao Kingdom tried their best to resist, but the Qin army could not advance.

The spies of the Kingdom of Qin gave more gold, silver and jewels to King Zhao (the fifth term) Zhao Qian's favorite minister Guo Kai, so Guo Kai warned Zhao Qian that Li Mu and Sima Shang were about to rebel.Zhao Qian panicked and sent Zhao Cong and Yan Ju, the general of the Kingdom of Qi (the capital Linzi), to replace Li Mu and Sima Shang.Li Mu was sad and angry, and refused to surrender his military power. The resistance failed, and he was killed on the way to escape, and Sima Shang was also deposed. Bo Yang said: The iron hat of "falsely accusing rebellion" has boundless magic power.How many loyal ministers and righteous men in the world and the pillars of the country have died under this iron hat.The Zhao Kingdom was dying, and he killed the last famous general for the enemy.Guo Kai is a loyalist, and history has its own conclusions.And King Zhao Qian, the murderer who destroyed the Zhao Kingdom, is really a son of a bitch.

1. General Wang Jian of the Kingdom of Qin (capital Xianyang) launched a large-scale attack and beheaded Zhao Cong; Yan Ju was killed in battle, the Zhao army collapsed, and the Qin army then captured Handan and captured King Zhao (fifth term) Zhao Qian alive.King Qin (sixth term) Yingzheng personally came to Handan to hunt down all the families who had feuds with his mother Zhao Ji, and punish them all; the return journey passed through Taiyuan (Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province) and Shangjun (Nanyuhebao, Yulin City, Shaanxi Province) , Return to the capital Xianyang. 2. Zhao Ji, the Empress Dowager of the Qin Kingdom, passed away.

3. Wang Jian's army entered Tunzhong Mountain (Dingzhou City, Hebei Province) to exert pressure on the Kingdom of Yan (Jicheng, the capital).Zhao Jia, the former prince of the Kingdom of Zhao (Handan, the capital), gathered the remnants of the defeated generals, and hundreds of people from the royal family, and defected to Dai County (Yu County, Hebei Province), where he succeeded to the throne (sixth term) and was called Dai Wang.The fugitive officials of the Kingdom of Zhao defected and formed an alliance with the troops of the Kingdom of Yan to garrison Shanggu (Huailai County, Hebei Province).

4. Mi Han, the king of the Kingdom of Chu (capital Yingdu) (the twenty-fourth king of You), passed away, and his younger brother Mi Hao succeeded him (the twenty-fifth king), as the king of mourning.In February, Mi Hao's concubine brother Mi Xiangchu attacked and killed Mi Hao, and proclaimed himself king (twenty-sixth term). 5. Wei Zeng, king of the Kingdom of Wei (the capital of Daliang) (the fifth king of Jingmin), passed away, and his son Wei succeeded to the throne (sixth). 6. Ji Dan, the crown prince of the Yan Kingdom, resented Ying Zheng and determined to take revenge, so he asked his master Ju Wu for advice.Ju Wu believed that only by inviting Zhao Kingdom, Wei Kingdom, Chu Kingdom, and Qi Kingdom to form a vertical alliance, and then seeking the support of the Xiongnu tribe in the north (the royal court set up the Chahar Right-wing Middle Banner in Inner Mongolia) could it be successful.Ji Dan said: "Your strategy is very good, but it will take a long time, which makes people anxious, and there is no guarantee of success."

Soon, Fan Yuqi, a general of the Qin Kingdom, committed a crime in his own country and fled to the Yan Kingdom. Ji Dan entertained him and stayed in a hotel.Ju Wu advised: "Ying Zheng has a violent personality, and he has always hated the Kingdom of Yan, which is already chilling. If you hear that we have taken in his rebels, it will be hard to put the mutton on the mountain path that the tiger must pass by." Escape from this catastrophe. I suggest that you send Fan Yuqi to the Xiongnu tribe as soon as possible." Ji Dan said: "General Fan is desperate and comes to rely on him. This is the time for me to give up my life to protect him. Please think of other ways." Ju Wu Said: "Doing dangerous things in the hope of peace, and creating disasters in the hope of happiness, the strategy is superficial, but the hatred is deep. Just for one person's future reward, regardless of the country's safety, is just inviting disaster." Ji Dan could not listen. go in.

Ji Dan heard that Jing Ke from the state of Wei (capital wild king) was a genius, so he went to visit and said to Jing Ke: "Now, the Qin army has captured the king (fifth term) Han An of the Kingdom of Han (capital Xinzheng) alive, and then he is about to go south. Attack the Kingdom of Chu and attack the Kingdom of Zhao in the north. If the Kingdom of Zhao cannot support it, the catastrophe will inevitably be transferred to the Kingdom of Yan. (When I said this, Handan had not yet fallen). Resist? And all countries are afraid of the Qin Kingdom, and dare not form a north-south alliance. I mean, if there is a fearless warrior who uses violence to hijack Yingzheng and force him to spit out all the land he invaded the countries Just like Cao Mo hijacked Jiang Xiaobai back then (681 BC, Duke Huan of Qi State, Duke Huan Jiang Xiaobai, and Duke Zhuang Gongji of Lu State held a high-level meeting in Keyi. General Cao Mo of Lu State kidnapped Jiang Xiaobai, and Jiang Xiaobai was returned to Cao Mo's Third War Center Lost land), that is of course very ideal. If the goal is not achieved, they will be killed on the spot. Their generals are all leading the army outside, and there are sudden changes in the interior. Everyone must be suspicious of each other. We will use this period of turmoil to conclude alliances with other countries The alliance will definitely defeat the Qin army, please consider this important matter." Jing Ke agreed to be the killer, so he entertained Jing Ke to live in the most high-end hotel, and Ji Dan went to greet him every day, and offered everything that Jing Ke could think of.

Later, Wang Jian captured Handan, and the Kingdom of Zhao perished (in fact, the Kingdom of Zhao did not perish, the former prince Zhao Jia had already formed the central government of the Kingdom of Zhao in Daijun), Ji Dan was frightened and prepared to send Jing Ke away.Jing Ke said: "I don't have a magic weapon in my hand to make Yingzheng see me, so I can't see him at all. If I can get General Fan Yuqi's head and the map of Yan Kingdom as gifts, Yingzheng will be very happy. I will definitely summon him, and I can only repay him when I meet him face to face." Ji Dan said: "General Fan is poor at sunset, so how can I have the heart to come here?" So Jing Ke secretly visited Fan Yuqi and said, "The Kingdom of Qin treats you well." Too cruel, parents, wife, and family were all slaughtered, and now there is a reward of a thousand catties of gold, and 10,000 households are sealed to buy your head, what do you do?" Fan Yuqi sighed and said with tears: "Please show me a clear way." Jing Ke Said: "there is only one way, donate your head, and Yingzheng is happy to receive me. Then, I grabbed his sleeve with my left hand, and pointed the short sword at his chest with my right hand. The general's great enemy It can be reported that the humiliation of being bullied by the Kingdom of Yan can be eliminated." Fan Yuqi said: "This is exactly what I have been looking forward to day and night." Then he committed suicide.When Ji Dan heard the news, she hurried to rescue her, and fell on the corpse and cried loudly, but there was nothing she could do.Put the head in the box.Beforehand, Ji Dan had already found the sharpest dagger in the world, burned it with poison, and experimented with human beings. As soon as the blood stained his clothes, he fell down and died. So he appointed Jing Ke as the envoy of the Kingdom of Yan, and another warrior of the Kingdom of Yan, Qin Qin. Wu Yang served as the deputy envoy and set off for the Kingdom of Qin.

1. Jing Ke, the envoy of the Kingdom of Yan (Jicheng, the capital), arrived in Xianyang (the capital of Qin Dynasty, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province), and conveyed the sincerity of the Kingdom of Yan to present the head and the map through Meng Jia, the most favored confidant of Yingzheng.Ying Zheng was so happy that he couldn't sit still. He put on the king's uniform, gathered all the civil and military officials, and performed the most solemn ceremony to receive the envoys of the Kingdom of Yan who surrendered and presented gifts.Jing Ke held the map in both hands, and slowly unfolded it in front of Ying Zheng. At the end of the unfolding, a dagger appeared.As predicted, Jing Ke grabbed Ying Zheng's sleeve with his left hand, raised the dagger with his right hand, and pointed it at Ying Zheng's chest.Unexpectedly, Ying Zheng jumped up in fright and broke his sleeve.Jing Ke chased after him, and Ying Zheng was so frightened that he ran around the pillars.When the incident broke out suddenly, the senior officials of His Highness were dumbfounded, and no one knew what to do.According to the laws of the Qin Kingdom, senior officials were not allowed to carry a single-inch weapon when they went to the palace, so everyone had to go forward with bare hands and shouted: "My lord! Push the sword back. Your lord! Push the sword back." In a panic, he couldn't pull out the sword. He had to push the sword behind his back so that he could get out of the sheath easily.) Yingzheng was reminded, so he pulled out the sword, and cut off Jing Ke's left leg.Jing Ke fell to the ground, unable to chase any more, but still aiming at Yingzheng, threw the dagger hard, missed, but hit the copper pillar, knowing that the time had passed, cursed: "Just to keep you to return the land, I will not kill you if I repay the crown prince, but unexpectedly, I will miss a big deal." The officials then dismembered Jing Ke's body and showed it to the public.

Frightened and humiliated, Ying Zheng became furious and sent more troops to the front to order Wang Jian to attack the Kingdom of Yan.Wang Jian marched forward and fought with the Yanzhao coalition forces west of Yishui (a tributary of the Haihe River, which flows through the south of Yi County in Hebei Province), and defeated the Yanzhao coalition forces. 1. General Wang Jian of the Qin Kingdom (capital Xianyang) pursued the victory.In winter, in October, Jicheng (Beijing), the capital of the Kingdom of Yan, was captured. King Yan (the eighth term) Ji Xi and Prince Ji Dan led elite soldiers to break through the siege and retreated to Liaodong (the county government was located in Xiangping). General Li Xinsong of the Kingdom of Qin Can't give up.Zhao Jia, the king of the Kingdom of Zhao (the sixth acting king), wrote to Ji Xi, requesting to hand over Ji Dan.Ji Dan fled and hid in Yanshui (now unknown), Ji Xi sent envoys to kill Ji Dan, dedicated his head to the Qin army, and transferred it to Yingzheng.Ying Zheng still had lingering hatred and ordered to continue the attack. (Based on what happened later, this offensive will come to an end soon.) 2. Wang Ben, the general of the Qin Kingdom, attacked the Chu Kingdom (capital Yingdu) and occupied more than a dozen cities.Ying Zheng asked General Li Xin, "I intend to conquer the Kingdom of Chu. In your opinion, how many armed forces do I need?" Li Xin said, "Two hundred thousand should be enough." One hundred thousand people is not enough." Ying Zheng said: "You are old and your courage is also small." Then he appointed Li Xin and Meng Tian as commander-in-chief and deputy commander-in-chief respectively, and led an army of 200,000 to attack the Kingdom of Chu.Wang Jian then resigned due to illness and returned to his hometown of Pinyang (Fuping County, Shaanxi Province). 1. General Wang Ben of the Kingdom of Qin (capital Xianyang) attacked the Kingdom of Wei (capital Daliang), blocked the water of the Yellow River and submerged Daliang. In March, the city walls collapsed, King Wei (sixth) Wei pretended to surrender and beheaded immediately, and the Kingdom of Wei died (369 BC to 225 BC, 145 years since the founding of the country). Yingzheng sent someone to inform Lord Anling (refer to 247 BC) and said: "I plan to exchange five hundred miles of land for your Anling (Yanling County, Henan Province)." Lord Anling said: "Thanks to the grace of the King, I am very grateful to exchange a large piece of land for a small city. However, this small city was given by the former king of the Kingdom of Wei, and I would like to keep it for life and dare not exchange it." Ying Zheng praised his faith and agreed generously. (The reason why Yingzheng let Anling go, probably has nothing to do with Xinyi. If it had something to do with it, how could the Kingdom of Wei be destroyed? It’s just that Anling is too small, so he doesn’t like it, so he let it go temporarily.) 2. The Qin Kingdom's army entered the Chu Kingdom (capital Yingdu), Li Xin attacked Pingyu (Pingyu County, Henan Province), Meng Tian attacked Sucheng (Linquan County, Anhui Province), and defeated the Chu army.Li Xin attacked Yanling (Yanling County, Henan Province) again, and defeated the Chu army again.So he went west and joined forces with the Mengtian Corps in Chengfu (southeast of Haozhou City, Anhui Province).But the Chu army followed behind, and the Qin army could not rest for three days and three nights. The Chu army launched a counterattack, defeated Li Xin's army, captured two camps, beheaded seven senior generals, and Li Xin was defeated and returned home.Ying Zheng was so angry that he went to Pinyang (Fuping County, Shaanxi Province) to visit Wang Jian himself, and apologized, saying: "I did not follow the general's suggestion. Li Xin really brought humiliation to the Qin Kingdom. Although the general is ill, how could he have the heart to abandon me?" ?” Wang Jian said that his illness really didn’t allow him to lead troops anymore, and Ying Zheng said, “Forget it, forget it, why mention that disease?” Wang Jian said, “Your Majesty must use my words, it must be 600,000 people.” Ying Zheng said, "Everything is up to you." Wang Jian led an army of 600,000 to launch a second national attack on the Kingdom of Chu, and Yingzheng personally sent it to Bashang (by the East Bashui River in Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province).Wang Jian asked Ying Zheng to reward a considerable number of beautiful houses and good land. Ying Zheng said: "You just set out, why are you afraid of being poor?" When your majesty still likes it, ask for a reward, but only for the sake of your descendants." Ying Zheng couldn't help laughing.The army set off and arrived at Wuguan (southeast of Shangnan County, Shaanxi Province), and sent five envoys one after another to ask Yingzheng for continued rewards.The friend said: "Your greedy behavior is not too much." Wang Jian said: "Otherwise, the king (Ying Zheng) has a suspicious personality and never trusts others. Now he has hollowed out the country's armed forces and handed them over to me. My large number of requests for rewards is just to express my attachment to the wealth of my descendants and to protect myself. Otherwise, he may suspect that I have great ambitions." Bo Yang said: Under the autocratic system, there has never been a true sincere unity. Leaders worry about the betrayal of their subordinates every day, and the subordinates also worry about being suspected of betrayal by the leader every day.The political arena formed by this psychological state is naturally full of treachery and deceit.For this reason, corruption cannot be eradicated, and the leader hopes that his subordinates will be corrupt in order to divert his ambitions for the regime.The subordinates also used corruption to express their ambitions only to save their lives and families.Of course, officials with the ability to betray must be able to do this.Otherwise, once a corruption case occurs, there will still be a lawsuit.There are subtle divisions in it, and it is not easy to understand without being involved in the actual officialdom. 1. General Wang Jian's corps of the Qin Kingdom (capital Xianyang) seized the land south of Chenqiu (Huaiyang County, Henan Province) and arrived at Pingyu (Pingyu County, Henan Province).The government of the Kingdom of Chu mobilized all available troops across the country to fight.Wang Jian ordered to defend the camp, and the Chu army repeatedly charged, but Wang Jian closed the camp and could not get out.Wang Jian had a laid-back attitude, took a bath every day (bathing was a big event in ancient times), urged him to improve his diet, and shared meals with the soldiers.After a period of time, Wang Jian sent someone to investigate and reported: "Officers and soldiers often compete to throw stones, which has exceeded the distance prescribed by the army." Wang Jian said: "The time has come." The Chu army could not fight, but retreated eastward. Wang Jian's army chased after them. After chasing, they attacked fiercely. The Chu Corps collapsed in an instant. 1. Generals Wang Jian and Meng Wu of the Kingdom of Qin (capital Xianyang) captured Mi Lingchu, king (twenty-sixth) of the Kingdom of Chu (capital Yingdu) alive, and established Chu County (only temporary, later divided into Jiujiang County, Zhang County, Kuaiji County. From 741 BC to 223 BC, the Kingdom of Chu was established for 519 years, and it has now perished). 1. The Kingdom of Qin (capital Xianyang) dispatched a large army and sent Wang Ben to attack Liaodong (Liaoyang City, Liaoning Province) and captured the king (eighth term) Ji Xi of the Kingdom of Yan (capital Xiangping) alive. (The Kingdom of Yan was established for a total of 111 years from 333 BC to 222 BC, and it has since perished.) Sima Guang said: Ji Dan, the crown prince of the Yan Kingdom, couldn't bear to offend the Qin Kingdom, who was like a tiger and a wolf, in a moment of anger. His lack of thoughtfulness and superficial strategy caused the sacrifice of the first monarch of the Yan Kingdom, Ji Shi (Zhaogong), to be interrupted suddenly. a great crime.It is too much for someone to think that Ji Dan is a talented person. For the leaders of a country, the main job is to select talented people for official positions, incorporate political behavior into the scope of ethics, treat the people with benevolence, and treat neighbors with faith. Only in this way can all officials be talents and cadres Everyone can keep their own place, the people are grateful, and the neighbors are willing to be goodwill.At such a time, the country will naturally be as safe as a rock, glowing with flames, whoever touches it will be shattered, and whoever hits it will be burnt to death.Although there are violent enemies, there is no reason to be afraid.Ji Dan didn't take this path, but used the country of 10,000 chariots to vent his anger for him alone by means of thieves and robbers.As a result, he failed and died, and the country was destroyed. Isn't there no sorrow? Kneeling and crawling forward is not respectful.Fulfillment of all promises to oneself is not faith.Giving gold, silver and treasure to others is not a favor.Beheading yourself, disemboweling yourself, is not bravery.Gai only cares about the present, regardless of its sequelae, but he is the generation of Mi Sheng. (Mi Qiji, the twelfth king of the Chu Kingdom, wanted to kill Mi Jian because he occupied his son Mi Jian's wife. Mi Jian fled to Zheng Guo, and was involved in an internal struggle, and was killed by Zheng Guo. At that time, she was in his arms Mi Sheng, the son of Zhong, later returned to the Kingdom of Chu and demanded revenge, but was not allowed to launch a coup, which failed and died.) Jing Ke just wanted to repay Ji Dan's selfish love, but disregarded his family members of the seven clans, and tried to use a small dagger measuring one foot and eight inches to make the Kingdom of Yan strong and the Kingdom of Qin weak, isn't it extremely stupid.So when Yang Xiong commented on him, he thought: Yaoli (the warrior of the Wu Kingdom, Wu Guang, the king of Wu, sent Yaoli to assassinate Wu Qingji, the son of the former king Wu Liao), is just a spider character, and Nie Zheng is just a character. For the role of a strong man, Jing Ke is just an assassin role, so he can't be regarded as doing righteousness.He also said: "Jing Ke, in the eyes of a gentleman, he is just a robber!" *Sima Qian said: When people talk about Jing Ke, they always refer to the stories of Ji Dan, the prince of the Yan Kingdom, "the sky rains millet" and "the horse grows horns". Unless it’s a crow with a white head and a horse with horns.” Ji Dan looked up to the sky and sighed, the crow had a white head and the horse also had horns), which was too exaggerated.It is also not true that Jing Ke once hacked Ying Zheng.At first, Gongsun Jigong and Dong Sheng, who are good friends with Xia Wuqie, told me what happened.From Cao Mo to Jing Ke, there are a total of five people (Cao Mo, Zhuan Zhu, Yu Rang, Nie Zheng, and Jing Ke). They have done righteousness, and some have accomplished or failed, but their stand is open and aboveboard, they do not hide their ambitions, and their reputations will last forever. For future generations, it is a true fact. Bo Yang said: Regarding Jing Ke's evaluation, Sima Guang and Sima Qian are exactly the opposite.Sima Qian was open-minded and full of anger.Sima Guang was just a country gentleman with tens of millions of wealth. He was conscientious and cautious. He would be shocked when he heard the sound of an iron pot falling to the ground, lest it be a nuclear bullet that would make him, a scholar-official class, lose his vested interests. The current situation has reached the 1970s in the third century BC. The power of the Qin Kingdom to annex the six kingdoms has reached its peak. The conditions for the demise of the six kingdoms are fully mature. Without Jing Ke's blow, would Yingzheng spare the Kingdom of Yan?If one insists that the Kingdom of Yan fell because of Jing Ke's blow, it is either an idiot or a frame-up.As for Jing Ke disregarding his family for personal reasons, Sima Guang was even talking nonsense there.One hit, the family glory, one miss, the country is destroyed, and the family suffers, why is it just Jing Ke?Moreover, the problem is not the family or not, but Jing Ke's behavior.The Confucian system has always taught people: Use the interests of the family as the standard to calculate what is worthwhile or what is not worthwhile?As a result, some "gentlemen" served the country loyally in the public, but once they returned home, they changed their appearance. Jing Ke dedicated his life to the Kingdom of Yan, he didn't do it for his own benefit, if he did it for his own benefit, he would have written "Fa Yan" behind closed doors, just like Yang Xiong.Yang Xiong was a senior intellectual in the early 1st century. In his eyes, the New Dynasty was a rebellious group.But in the face of the rebellious group, not only did he not have the courage to stand up, but he accepted the official position of the rebellious group in order to protect his family.And in the official position of the rebel group, Jing Ke was slandered as a robber.I don't have moral courage, but I ridicule people who have moral courage. This kind of honest gentleman is full of officialdom and promotes Chinese culture to stagnate. Sima Guang used one of the most vicious words to describe Jing Ke, saying that Ji Dan "raised" him, completely denying Jing Ke's personality, how can Jing Ke be bought by a beautiful woman with money?If the meaning of feeding is employment, Sima Guang was raised by the emperor Zhao of the Song Dynasty, and Yang Xiong was raised by the emperor Wang of the New Dynasty.Jing Ke represents the chivalrous sentiment of Chinese society that "a man dies for his confidant". Although he intends to repay his kindness, he is also loyal to the Kingdom of Yan. There will never be a return!" This is a suicidal rescue by heroes and heroes when the country is in crisis. Life is difficult and the only death is death, but Jing Ke calmly dies.Tragic and desolate, after thousands of years, it is still moving.Someone actually sat in front of Qingfeng Xulai's desk and said to him in a relaxed and happy manner: "Isn't it extremely stupid!" It seems that there are too many smart people, which is the source of China's suffering. 2. General Wang Ben of the Kingdom of Qin attacked Daijun (Yu County, Hebei Province), the capital of the Kingdom of Zhao, and captured King Zhao (sixth) Daiwang Zhao Jia alive. (From 326 BC to 222 BC, the Kingdom of Zhao was established for 105 years, and it has since perished.) 3. Wang Jian, the general of the Qin Kingdom, swept away the area south of the Yangtze River in the old Kingdom of Chu (capital Yingdu), conquered the tribes scattered in various places after the fall of the old Kingdom of Yue (capital Wucheng), and established Kuaiji County (Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province). 4. In May, the government of the Kingdom of Qin issued an order to allow the people of the whole country to gather and feast (obviously to celebrate the great victory of destroying the five kingdoms. All folk gatherings and feasts must be approved by the government. The life of the Chinese people was not easy in ancient times. ). 5. In the beginning, the Empress Dowager (Queen of the King) of the Kingdom of Qi (the capital Linzi) was virtuous and capable. She served the Kingdom of Qin very thoughtfully and got along very harmoniously with neighboring countries.Because the geographical location is far away from the eastern sea, the Kingdom of Qin attacked the Kingdom of Wei (the capital Daliang), the Kingdom of Han (the capital Xinzheng), the Kingdom of Zhao (the capital Handan), the Kingdom of Yan, and the Kingdom of Chu day and night.It was too late for the five kingdoms to save themselves, so during the more than forty years since King Qi (the fifth term) Tian Jian reigned, the Kingdom of Qi was not harmed by the flames of war, and the faction was at peace.When the empress dowager died, she asked Tian Jian to say: "Among the ministers, so-and-so can be appointed!" Tian Jian said: "Wait a while, I will write it down." When the writing tool was brought, the empress dowager said sorry: "The old woman has forgotten." After the empress dowager passed away, Hou Sheng served as prime minister, and a large amount of gold and silver treasures from the Qin Kingdom flowed into Hou Sheng's house.As for the envoys and guests who went to visit the Qin Kingdom, the Qin Kingdom gave them precious gifts one by one, so these envoys and guests agreed that it was a wise choice to maintain a peaceful, friendly and non-aggressive relationship with the Qin Kingdom.It is suggested that Tian Jian visit Xianyang (Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province), and no longer improve army equipment, let alone build fortress checkpoints.When all countries were in crisis, they asked the Qi Kingdom for help, but the Qi Kingdom refused all of them—so that the Qin Kingdom finally wiped out the five kingdoms. When Tian Jian left for Xianyang to visit King Qin (sixth term) Yingzheng, the capital Linzi City Defense Commander (Yongmen Sima) asked: "The reason why the Qi Kingdom established a king is for the country? Or for yourself?" Tian Jian said : "Of course it is for the country." The city defense commander said: "Since the king was established for the country, why did you leave your country and go to the Qin Kingdom?" Tian Jian was right after thinking about it, and returned the palace. The city lord of Jimo (southeast of Pingdu City, Shandong Province) got the news, met with Tian Jian and said: "Qi Kingdom has thousands of miles of land and millions of soldiers. Now, the officials of the Three Jins (Wei, Zhao, and Han) are unwilling to accept Qin Under the rule of the kingdom, there are hundreds of people who fled between Ayi (Dong'e County, Shandong Province) and Juanyi (Yingcheng County, Shandong Province). If the king gathers them together, he will give them a million soldiers and teach them to recover Even Linjin Pass (east of Dali County, Shaanxi Province) can be attacked in the territory of the motherland. People from Yanying (capital of Chu·Shouxian County, Anhui Province) refused to accept the rule of the Qin Kingdom, and fled to the south of the capital Linzi City. Hundreds of people, the king gathered them and gave them a million soldiers, so that they could recover the homeland of the Chu Kingdom, even Wuguan (southeast of Shangnan County, Shaanxi Province), can also attack. If this is the case, the prestige of the Qi Kingdom can be Established, the Qin Kingdom can be eliminated, not only to maintain national security." Tian Jian couldn't listen. Bo Yang said: Fortunately, Tian Jian did not adopt the opinion of the Jimo city lord, otherwise it would only cause the people to suffer more.When intellectuals talk about politics, they are often like Zhao Kuo talking about military affairs. It is easy to talk about all kinds of difficulties and problems.The Qin Kingdom poured the power of the whole country, but only 600,000 can be used on the battlefield.The Jimo domain master asked the king of Qi to hand over one million to the officials of the Jin Dynasty, and another one million to the people from the old Chu at once.The armed forces are not led by their own generals, but handed over to those exiles. This has never been possible in the world.However, once an army that has not undergone rigorous training for more than 40 years is put into the battlefield, facing the victorious Qin army, it may have to labor the opponent to bury alive.Even with a slight victory, if you want to hit Xianyang in one breath, it is another beautiful homework on paper.The only way for the Qi Kingdom to survive is to support its neighbors against Qiang Qin.So far, there is only one orphan left in the Qi Kingdom, and even if the Jade Emperor descends to earth, he cannot be saved.More than forty years of short-sightedness must pay the price of more than forty years of short-sightedness. 1. General Wang Ben of the Qin Kingdom (capital Xianyang) marched from the south of the former Yan Kingdom (capital Jicheng) to the Qi Kingdom (capital Linzi) and raided Linzi.None of the soldiers and civilians of the Kingdom of Qi resisted.The Qin army promised Tian Jian five hundred miles of land, and Tian Jian surrendered. (From 359 BC to 221 BC, the Kingdom of Qi was established for 139 years and ended here.) Of course, the Qin Kingdom did not fulfill its promise to the subjugated king. Instead, Tian Jian was exiled to Gongyi (Huixian City, Henan Province), where he was placed under house arrest in the pine and cypress forest.The people of the Kingdom of Qi complained that Tian Jian should not have refused to join the North-South Alliance, and listened to the advice of treacherous craftsmen and foreigners, causing the disaster of national subjugation.He once made a mourning song for him, expressing his dissatisfaction with his trust in foreigners: "The ears are full of the sound of pine trees / the eyes are full of cypress forests / you can't eat when you are hungry / you can't drink when you are thirsty / who made Tian Jian end up like this The ending/is it those/surrounding his ministers." Sima Guang said: Although the grand strategy of north-south integration and east-west integration has been repeatedly repeated, it can be clearly seen that the north-south integration is in line with the interests of the six countries.In the beginning, the kings of the Zhou Dynasty established tens of thousands of kingdoms, made them communicate and love each other, enhanced their feelings with banquets, and strengthened their unity with alliances.There is nothing else, but they need to work together to defend the country.If the six countries can be good to each other with faith, how can the Qin Kingdom be destroyed no matter how powerful it is?The Three Jins (Wei, Zhao, and Han) were the barriers of the Qi Kingdom and the Chu Kingdom (capital Yingdu), and the Qi Kingdom and the Chu Kingdom were also the foundations of the Three Jins.The Three Jins attacked Qi and Chu by digging their own foundations, and Qi and Chu attacked the Three Jins by tearing down the barriers themselves. The world actually used the means of tearing down the barriers to flatter the robbers, saying: "The robbers love me and will not attack me!" . Bo Yang said: In Sima Guang's comment, he praised Su Qin's grand strategy: "The north and the south are united, which is in the interests of the six countries." It seems to have revealed the bottom line.Because the two tycoons Sima Guang and Meng Ke have always only talked about benevolence and righteousness, not interests, and now Sima Guang has no choice but to put national interests first.But he also advocated that "if the six countries can be good to each other with faith", between countries, only interests can make them permanently united.The so-called faith must also be based on interests.The greatest faith is often the greatest interest, and the greatest interest is often the greatest faith.The standpoint of the group is different from the standpoint of the individual. The Confucian school has always been confused in it, so it is always stretched and unable to justify itself. 2. Now, the Qin Kingdom has annexed six countries and unified the known world at that time. The king (sixth) Yingzheng is proud of himself, thinking that his morals surpass the three emperors (the emperor, the emperor of the earth, and the emperor of the people), and his meritorious deeds exceed the five emperors (Ji Xuanyuan) , Ji Zhuanxu, Ji Wei, Yi Qi Fangxun, Yao Chonghua), so they no longer called the king, but changed their name to "emperor" (this is the first time that the words "emperor" and "emperor" were combined, and later became fixed nouns, used continuously two thousand years).The proclamations promulgated by the emperor are called "Zhi", the orders issued by the emperor are called "Zhao" (imperial decree), and the emperor calls himself "Zhen" (every commoner used to call himself "Zhen". "had); chased his father Ying Yiren (the fifth King Zhuang Xiang) to be the Supreme Emperor (only the living father will be called the "Supreme Emperor"), and ordered: "After the death of the head of state, the posthumous title added ( posthumous posthumous law), is that sons talk about their fathers, and ministers talk about the king, it is so boring. Starting today, the posthumous posthumous law is abolished. I am the first emperor, and the future generations are counted in numerical order: the second, the third, and even ten thousand generations, to infinity." Bo Yang said: Yingzheng has come up with a whole set of personality cult stuff, such as "system", "edict", "zhen" and "emperor", which shows that his IQ is mediocre, but the abolition of the posthumous posthumous law is a true insight.Posthumous posthumous titles are a play on words in the Confucian system—a system dedicated to giving posthumous titles to dead nobles.It is a pity that after the collapse of the Qin Dynasty, posthumous titles were revived. Until the end of the Qing Dynasty in the 20th century, intellectuals still enjoyed it and made the names of people and people messy and smoky. 3. In the beginning, when the first king (Tian Yinqi) and the second king (Tian Biqiang) of the Qi Kingdom, Zou Yan founded the "Five Virtues: Gold, Wood, Water, Fire, and Earth. : Earth wins water, water wins fire, fire wins metal, metal wins wood, and wood wins soil, which is the "five wins") theory.He also believes that the Zhou Dynasty is the virtue of fire, that is, fire is the god of protection. When Yingzheng unified the world, the intellectuals of the Qi Kingdom reported this set of memorials to Yingzheng, and Yingzheng believed it.The Zhou Dynasty (capital Haojing) was protected by the god of fire, and of course the Qin Dynasty was protected by the god of water (because water can extinguish fire), so they ordered to change the calendar and make October the first month of each year (this is a strange order: ten month, November, December, first month, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September), the New Year's ceremonies and celebrations are all held on New Year's Day - October Held on the first day of the month.Clothes, flags, and all patterns are all in black (in the so-called "Five Virtues", the water god belongs to the north, and the north is black. As for why the water god belongs to the north? Why is the north black? No one knows), when calculating numbers, use " Six" as a unit. 4. The Prime Minister (Prime Minister) of the Qin Dynasty, Wang Wan, suggested that the hometown of the Kingdom of Yan (the capital Jicheng), the Kingdom of Qi (the capital Linzi), and the Kingdom of Chu (the capital Yingdu) are too far away from the capital Xianyang (Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province) , If you don't set up a feudal state, I'm afraid it will be difficult to guard it. Please ask the emperor (one term) Yingzheng to enfeoff his son.Ying Zheng handed over this suggestion to the government for study.Minister of Justice (Ting Wei) Li Si said: "The first ancestors of the Zhou Dynasty, Ji Chang (Wen) and Ji Fa (Wu), entrusted their children with the same surname, and there were many who became kings of the country. At first, they were able to be friendly with each other, but after several generations , estranged friendship, attacking each other, as if dealing with enemies, the emperor of the Zhou Dynasty could not stop it. Now relying on His Majesty's divine power to unify the world, it is best to only divide the country into counties and counties. Your Majesty's sons and heroes, with the state's heavy tax rewards, It is easier to control, and the whole country does not have different opinions from the central government, which is the big security strategy. Therefore, it is not suitable to implement the enfeoffment of children." Ying Zheng said: "The never-ending hard battles in the world are all because of the marquis, The existence of the king. Thanks to the spirit of the ancestors in the sky, the world is stable, and there is no more fighting. If you divide up the children and establish a feudal country, you will cultivate another endless struggle. Then it will be difficult to put out the turmoil. .The opinion of the Attorney General (Tingwei) is correct." So it was ordered to divide the country into thirty-six counties (Neishi County, Sanchuan County, Hedong County, Nanyang County, Nanjun, Jiujiang County, Zhang County, Kuaiji County, Yingchuan County, Dang County, Sishui County, Xue County, Dong County) , Langye County, Qi County, Shanggu County, Yuyang County, Youbeiping County, Liaoxi County, Liaodong County, Dai County, Julu County, Handan County, Shangdang County, Taiyuan County, Yunzhong County, Jiuyuan County, Yanmen County, Shang County, Longxi County, Beidi County, Hanzhong County, Ba County, Shu County, Qianzhong County, Changsha County), the county set up the county chief (county guard), militia commander (county lieutenant), counselor (county supervisor).Collect all the weapons in the world to Xianyang, melt them down and cast them into giant bells and bell stands, and then cast twelve bronze figures, each weighing about a thousand stones (sound dan), and place them in the palace courtyard.Unify the weights and measures system and force 120,000 wealthy households in the world to move from their original places to Xianyang. The ancestral temples, Zhangtai Palace, and Shanglin Imperial Garden of the Qin Dynasty royal family were all located on the south bank of the Weishui River. Every time a country was conquered, a palace was built in the north of Xianyang according to their palaces.Along the north bank of the Weishui River, extending eastward from Yongmen (Gaoling County, Shaanxi Province) until the intersection of Jingshui River and Weishui River, pavilions, pavilions, double-decker avenues (replexed roads) are connected to each other, and the captured beauties and various musical instruments, send them all in. Bo Yang said: The Qin Kingdom abolished feudalism and established prefectures and counties, which was an epoch-making breakthrough and the most shocking new political structure.At that time, no one dared to imagine that the son of the emperor would be like the son of a commoner, with no land and no feudal country.In particular, scholars of the ancient Confucian school were puzzled by such a drastic change, and soon panicked, because it was a knock on their jobs.