Chapter 19 The 1940s (140-149)

1. In spring, on February 17, an earthquake occurred in the capital (Luoyang) of the Eastern Han Dynasty (capital Luoyang). 2. The Southern Xiongnu Khanate (Wang Ting established Meiji) Julong King Wusi and Tongda Cheniu, etc. betrayed the Eastern Han Dynasty, attacked Xihe County (southwest of Zhungeer Banner, Inner Mongolia), persuaded Youxian King, and allied forces surrounded Meiji (Zungar, Inner Mongolia) Banner, where the Royal Court of the Southern Xiongnu and the Xiongnu Assisted Defense Command are located), and local government officials of Shuofang County (Dengkou County, Inner Mongolia) and Dai County (Yanggao County, Shanxi Province) were killed.

In summer, in May, the northern frontier commander (General Duliao) Ma Xu (headquarters Shemanbai) and Xiongnu Aid Commander (General Hun Zhonglang) Liang Bing and others conscripted the border guards and Qiang and Hu troops, a total of two More than 10,000 people launched an assault to defeat the Southern Huns rebels.We Si and others cleaned up the remnants of the defeated soldiers, regained momentum, and captured the city. Liu Bao (26 years old this year), Emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty (Eighth Emperor Shun), sent someone to question the Southern Huns Shanyu (35th Emperor) Shun Xiuli.Huo Li did not participate in the conspiracy of Wu Si and others. Once he was condemned, he panicked, so he took off his official hat, left the tent, went to the defense headquarters, and apologized to Liang Bing, the commander of the defense.When Liang Bing was sick in bed, the central government appointed Chen Gui, the governor of Taiyuan County (Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province), as the acting commander of the defense assistance.Chen Gui believed that although Huan Xiuli did not participate in the conspiracy, it just proved that he could not control his subordinates, so he forced Huan Xiuli and his younger brother Zuo Xianwang to commit suicide at the same time.Chen Gui also planned to transfer Xiuli's close relatives of the royal family to the inland counties for disposal. The Southern Huns who had surrendered were even more suspicious.The Eastern Han government arrested Chen Gui, imprisoned him, and dismissed him from office.

The Supreme Commander (Great General) Liang Shang wrote a letter saying: "The Xiongnu betrayed and plundered everywhere. I know the crime is heinous. The exhausted birds and beasts know how to struggle to survive, not to mention the prosperity of the Xiongnu race, it is impossible to eradicate Xinjin. Now Food and fodder transshipment is increasing day by day, and the troops are tired and hard. It is not a blessing for China to hollow out the interior and fill the frontier. Ma Xu, the commander of the northern frontier defense (General Du Liao), is known for his strategy. When I read Ma Xu’s letter, my opinion coincides with mine. I suggest that it is best to order Ma Xu to strengthen the walls and clear the fields, dig deep trenches, hold on to the city, use his kindness and reputation, and actively recruit. Announce reward regulations and clearly set a deadline. In this way, the Xiongnu It can be attached, and the country can be fine."

Liu Bao adopted it and ordered Ma Xu to be responsible for recruiting the defected Southern Huns.Liang Shang wrote to Ma Xu again, saying: "The Chinese have lived in peace for too long, and have long forgotten war. War horses attack at night, hand-to-hand combat, life-and-death struggles, and victory or defeat are determined instantly. The strengths of the barbarians are here, and the weaknesses of China are also Here. However, defending the city with a strong bow, deep ditches and strong fortifications, waiting for the enemy's momentum to fail, is China's strength, and the barbarians' weakness. We should first use our strengths, observe changes, draw up regulations, and clearly set out rewards to lure the enemy. In regret, don't be greedy for small merits and make big plans." Then, 13,000 people, including the Yida tribe to which King Youxian belonged, surrendered to Ma Xu.

3. On May 30, a solar eclipse. 4. Last year (139), after the rebellion of chief Nali and other chiefs of the Shaodang tribe (on the east side of Qinghai Lake) was extinguished, the Eastern Han government appointed the governor (inspector) of Jidang Bingzhou (Shanxi Province and the Hetao area of ​​the Yellow River), Liu Bing When the governor of Liangzhou (Gansu Province).Laiji and Liu Bing, cruel and tyrannical by nature, constantly invaded and recruited them. The Qiang people couldn't bear the burden, and the Dongdong and Funan tribes (should be in the Huangzhong area) rebelled and attacked Jincheng County (northwest of Yongjing County, Gansu Province). ).Together with the Qiang and Hu people of other tribes, they attacked Sanfu (Guanzhong·central part of Shaanxi Province) and killed local government officials.The Eastern Han government dismissed Laiji and Liu Bing and transferred them back to the capital Luoyang.Appointed Ma Xian as the commander of the Western Expedition Corps (General Zhengxi); Geng Shu, the cavalry director (Captain of Cavalry) as his assistant, led the left and right wings of the Habayashi Army, the Northern Army (Field Army) Fifth Corps, and the militias of various states and counties, a total of 100,000 people , Entering Hanyang County (Gangu County, Gansu Province).

5. In September, the two counties of Fufeng (Xingping City, Shaanxi Province) and Hanyang (Gangu County, Gansu Province) were ordered to build more than 300 strategic castles (docks) between the capitals of the two counties and on both sides of the road, with armed forces stationed in each castle force. 6. On September 14th, Wang Gong, the commander-in-chief of the national armed forces (Taiwei), was dismissed due to old age and illness. 7. The Xiqiang Qiedong tribe attacked Wudu (Cheng County, Gansu Province) and burned Longguan (east of Qingshui County, Gansu Province). 8. On September 25, Huan Yan, Minister of Sacrifice (Taichang), was promoted to be the commander-in-chief of the national armed forces.

9. Wusi, the king of Julong of the Southern Huns, supported the establishment of the Shanyu Che Niudang.The East established diplomatic relations with the Wuhuan Tribe (northern Hebei Province), and the West assembled Qiang and Hu people, about tens of thousands of people, defeated Jingzhao (Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province) Huya Camp, and beheaded Shangjun (Nanyu River, Yulin City, Shaanxi Province) Fort) the militia commander (duwei), the county government's combat military and political officer (military Sima), the momentum was great; then they plundered Bingzhou, Liangzhou (Gansu Province), Youzhou (northern Hebei Province and Liaoning Province), Jizhou (Hebei Province South Central) four states and counties.The Eastern Han government had no choice but to move the county government of Xihe County (southwest of Zhungeer Banner, Inner Mongolia) to Lishi (Lishi County, Shanxi Province), and the government of Shangjun County to Xiayang (Hancheng City, Shaanxi Province), Shuofang County (Dengkou County, Inner Mongolia) ) County government moved to Wuyuan (Baotou City, Inner Mongolia).

In December, Zhang Dan, commander of the Xiongnu's defense (envoy the Xiongnu's Zhonglang general), was sent to lead the Wuhuan tribe in Youzhou and the militiamen of various counties to attack Suda Cheniu and others, and fought in Mayi (Huzhou City, Shanxi Province). Killed 3,000 Huns, captured many livestock, and surrendered.But Wu Si still led his men to unite with the Wuhuan tribe and continued to plunder. 10. At first, Liu Bao ordered Ma Xian to attack the rebel tribes of the Western Qiang. Liang Shang, the supreme commander, thought that Ma Xian was too old, so he might as well appoint a middle-level state official (Taizhong doctor) Song Han, but Liu Bao refused to listen.Song Han is the son of Song You.

After Ma Xian entered the army, he never moved forward.Ma Rong, the governor of Wudu County (Chengxian County, Gansu Province), warned in a letter: "Nowadays, the Qiang tribes are still attacking and robbing each other. The government should send heavy troops deep into the heart before they unite to defeat the minor tribes and weaken their strength. However, Ma Xian stopped and walked. The Qiang and Hu people fought for life. The dust raised could be seen hundreds of miles away, and the sound of marching could be heard thousands of miles away. They must stay far away and not follow the government army. Conflict head-on, and then go around behind the government army and directly attack Sansuke, causing terrible harm to the people. I ask permission to implement the combat plan opposed by Ma Xian, as long as I allocate 5,000 militiamen in the counties of Kanto (east of Hangu Pass) People, the designation given to the regular army, strict training, would rather die than retreat, and take the lead; it is estimated that in about 30 days, the rebellious Qiang will be defeated. I heard that Wu Qi will be the marshal, no matter how hot the summer is, he will not open his umbrella No matter how cold the winter is, I don’t wear leather clothes; now, Ma Xian is marching into the wilderness, even though it’s already midnight, there must be delicacies from mountains and seas, surrounded by his wives, concubines and children, and everything is the opposite of the ancient famous generals, which makes me fear. Guarding a city, claiming to attack westward, the Qiang tribe has appeared in the east. His generals and soldiers, unable to bear his orders, are bound to break out of the collapse of Zheng Gaoke's model ("Zuo Zhuan": Zheng Gaoke was greedy for money and neglected his mission, Jin State The monarch Ji Chong'er ordered him to lead the army to guard against the barbarians, but Zheng Gaoke wandered on the Yellow River every day, and the army collapsed)."

Huangfugui (Huangfu, double surname), a native of Anding County (Southeast Shuguang Township, Zhenyuan County, Gansu Province), also found that Ma Xian did not understand military affairs and did not care about soldiers. He judged that he would fail and wrote to Liu Bao.Liu Bao ignored it. 1. In spring, on the 21st day of the first lunar month, Ma Xian, Commander of the Western Expedition Corps (General of Expedition to the West) of the Eastern Han Dynasty (the capital Luoyang), fought against the Qiedong tribe of the Western Qiang in Shegu Mountain (north of Qingyang County, Gansu Province), and was defeated. , Ma Xian and his two sons all died.There is no barrier between the Eastern Qiang tribe and the Western Qiang tribe, so they merged into one (Qiang people living in Beidi County, Shangjun, and Xihe County are called Dongqiang. Qiang people living in Longxi County, Hanyang County and Huangzhong are called Xiqiang) .

In the first month of leap, the Gongtang tribe (the place of residence is unknown) attacked Longxi (Lintao County, Gansu Province), and the army advanced to Sanfu (Guanzhong, central Shaanxi Province), burning the tombs of the emperors of the Western Han Dynasty (centralized on the north bank of the Weishui River in Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province) area), massacred and looted officials and people. 2. On February 3rd, the star Bebo appeared next to the constellation of the barracks. 3. On March 3rd (Shangsi Day in March, there has been a custom of "repairing the sun" and cleaning the body since ancient times), the supreme commander (general) Liang Shang held a banquet for guests on the shore of Luoshui.The wine is fading, and the banquet is about to end. Everyone sings "Xielu Song" (薤, xie; it is a kind of thin grass with purple flowers. "Xielu Song": "The dew on the grass/Dried as soon as the sun comes out/Dried What does it matter / Tomorrow the dew will still appear / There are only people / Once gone, they will never return.” The sentiment is sad, often used as an elegy).When Zhou Ju, the staff officer (in charge of Zhonglang), heard it, he sighed and said: "This is the so-called bad time for sorrow and joy. This kind of song should not be sung on this occasion. Is there any disaster going to happen?" 4. Zhao Chong, the governor of Wudu County (Cheng County, Gansu Province), pursued the Gongtang tribe of the Western Qiang, killed more than 400 people, and surrendered more than 2,000 people.Emperor Liu Bao (27 years old this year) issued an edict ordering Zhao Chong to supervise the militias of the four counties in Hexi (central and western Gansu Province) and to be in charge of scheduling (Jiedu. The term "Jiedu" means Appeared here for the first time. It became an official official name in the Tang Dynasty). Huang Fugui, secretary of the county government of Anding County (Southeast Shuguang Township, Zhenyuan County, Gansu Province) wrote a letter saying: "In recent years, I have repeatedly contributed opinions to His Majesty. When Xiqiang was still stable on the surface, I predicted that they were about to rebel; when Ma Xianchu first left the army, I inferred that he must fail. Fortunately, the facts in the story can be checked in the files. As proof. I think: Ma Xian and other generals have fought for four years, but they have not established any achievements. The army wasted, and it is calculated in billions; North of Shandong Province) and Xuzhou (north of Jiangsu Province) were in famine, and the people fled in all directions, supporting the elderly and holding babies. "The rebellion of the Qiang people was not a sudden incident. It was all because of the border guards. They didn't know how to appease the Qiang people. Instead, they took the violence of the Qiang people as a matter of course. Falsely report the number of casualties; once defeated, hide and cover up, keep silent. Soldiers work hard and are suppressed by cunning officials. When advancing, they cannot kill the enemy and make meritorious service. When retreating, they cannot get food and clothing. They starve to death beside ditches and valleys Inside, the bones were piled up in the wilderness, letting the wind and the sun and the rain beat; the people only saw the royal armed forces go out to defend against the enemy, but they couldn't see them returning home after victory. The chiefs of Xiqiang cried all their tears, and then wept their blood, Fear and fear, fear of outbreaks and changes, so it is impossible to maintain long-term peace. Once the army is raised, it will take years and months, which makes me beat my wrists and sigh infinitely. "Request the militias in the two battalions (Fufeng "Yongying" and Jingzhao "Huyaying". The second battalion was established in February 110) and the two counties (Anding County and Longxi County) to serve as troops left behind or temporarily without combat missions Among them, five thousand people were allocated to me, and I followed Zhao Chong to respond to each other and launch an unexpected attack. I have always been familiar with the geographical situation of the Qiang area, and I am also experienced in military operations; there is no need for superiors to issue seals, and there is no need to issue The reward of one foot and one inch of silk and satin can eradicate disasters if you are lucky, and encourage people to surrender at worst. If I am young and have a low official position and cannot be trusted, it is not that the generals who were defeated are not high in official rank or young in age. With the utmost sincerity, I risked the death penalty to express my feelings to His Majesty." Liu Bao ignored it. Bo Yang said: During the Eastern Han Dynasty, history only records the continuous rebellion of the Western Qiang, but does not record the reasons for the rebellion. Huangfu Gui stated it all in the official documents, which is still an ancient virus: tyranny is like a tiger, and officials force the people to rebel. 5. On March 16, the Supreme Supervisor (Sikong) Guo Qian was dismissed. On March 22, Zhao Jie, Minister of Communications (Private Servant), was promoted to be the Supreme Inspector-General. 6. In summer, Zhang Dan, Commander of the Xiongnu Assistance Defense (envoy Zhonglang of the Huns), and Ma Xu, Commander of the Northern Frontier Defense (General Du Liao), led the Xianbei Corps to advance to Gucheng (southwest of Zhungeer Banner, Inner Mongolia), and to defend the Tong The Wuhuan tribe in Tianshan (that is, Shilou Mountain, east of Shilou County, Shanxi Province) attacked and defeated the Wuhuan army. 7. The Xiqiang Gongtang tribe attacked Beidi (Jinji Town, southwest of Wuzhong City, Ningxia). Jia Fu, the governor of Beidi County, fought against Zhao Chong, the governor of Wudu County (Cheng County, Gansu Province), and lost. 8. In autumn and August, the Supreme Commander (Great General) and Cheng Shihou (Zhonghou) Liang Shang was seriously ill, and he warned his son Liang Ji and others: "When I was alive, I did not contribute to the country. How can I do it after death? Waste of national treasury. Clothes, rice and jade (there are many patterns in ancient funerals. "Rice and jade", also known as "rice and jade", mixed with crushed stones and rice, stuffed into the mouth of the deceased, or cicada-shaped Putting jade into the mouth of the dead), golden jade clothes, jewelry and shells, etc., what is the meaning to the dead? Even the officials, civil and military, are all harassed and disturbed. Talking loudly on the road will only add to my stains, so I should reject." On August 4, Liang Shang passed away, and Emperor Liu Bao came to pay his respects.The sons planned to obey the will, but Liu Bao refused, and still rewarded the imperial burial objects (secret artifacts of the East Garden)-silver carvings, yellow sausages, and jade clothes with golden thread (the coffin was carved with silver, and the coffin was made of yellow-heart cypress wood).During the burial, special armed soldiers were escorted in chariots.Empress Liang Na sent her father's coffin to the cemetery in person.Liu Bao personally went to Xuanyang Pavilion (the first gate in the west of the south of Luoyang City, named Xuanyang Gate, and there is a pavilion outside the gate) to watch the funeral caravan. On August 10th, he was promoted to the mayor of the capital Luoyang (Henan Yin), and Liangji, the Marquis of the Cheng clan, to succeed his father as the supreme commander; Liang Ji's younger brother and court entourage (servant) Liang Buyi was promoted to the capital Luoyang's mayor (Henan Yin). Sima Guang said: Liu Ao (the twelfth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty) was unable to appoint talents, and handed over the power to his uncle's family, which can be described as fatuous.But he finally knew that Wang Li was not a material, so he discarded it (refer to the previous year or two).Liu Bao handed over the power of the world to the queen's family, while Liang Ji was fierce and arrogant, which was obvious at ordinary times, but made him inherit his father's position, which finally led to rebellion and overthrow of the Eastern Han Dynasty.Compared with Liu Ao, he is even more stupid. 9. At first, when Liang Shang was seriously ill, Liu Bao personally visited Liang's house and asked him about his last words.Liang Shang replied: "My staff commander (in Zhonglang) Zhou Ju, is honest and loyal, upright and selfless, and can be entrusted with a heavy responsibility." So he appointed Zhou Ju as a commentator (advising doctor). 10. In September, the Qiang tribes attacked Wuwei (Wuwei City, Gansu Province). 11. On September 30, a solar eclipse. 12. The Qiang rebellion expanded, and Liangzhou (Gansu Province) panicked.In winter, on October 2, the government of Anding County (Southeast Shuguang Township, Zhenyuan County, Gansu Province) was moved to Fufeng County (Xingping City, Shaanxi Province. It should be moved back to Linjing soon), Beidi County (Wuzhong City, Ningxia Province) The government of Jinji Town in Southwest China was moved to Fengyi (the government of Qiaojun County was set up in Yuxu, which was within the boundary of Zuofengyi County. The two counties just moved back to the old government in 129). On November 20, Zhang Qiao was promoted to the commander of the capital Luoyang Garrison (Zhijinwu) Zhang Qiao, acting as the general of chariots and cavalry, leading an army of 15,000 people and stationed in Sanfu. 13. Civil upheavals broke out in Jingzhou (Hubei and Hunan provinces) and could not be subdued for several years.Appointed Li Gu, the staff commander of the Supreme Command (the general engaged in Zhonglang), as the governor (inspector) of Jingzhou. After Li Gu took office, he sent people to various places to condolences, pardoned all the past behaviors of the changed people, and asked them to start a new life.So Xia Mi, the leader of the rebellion, led more than 600 of his senior cadres to surrender. Li Gu forgave them all and let them go back, summoned the old department, and conveyed the government's prestige and laws and regulations.Within half a year, all the remaining mutated people were attached, and the state returned to peace. Li Gu impeached Gao Ci, the governor of Nanyang County (Nanyang City, Henan Province) and others for corrupting the law. Gao Ci and others bribed the supreme commander Liang Ji with expensive gifts.Li Gu refused, but the investigation became more urgent.Liang Ji then transferred Li Gu to be the governor of Taishan County (east of Tai'an City, Shandong Province). At this time, there were many people in Taishan Mountain. Over the years, the county government often sent a brigade of more than a thousand militiamen to crusade, but they could not win.After Li Gu took office, he disbanded the militia and sent them back to their hometowns to work in the fields. Only more than a hundred elite soldiers were left behind. 1. In spring, on the fourteenth day of the first lunar month, the Eastern Han Dynasty (the capital Luoyang) pardoned the world and changed the year name (before it was the seventh year of Yonghe, and then the first year of Han'an). 2. In autumn and August, Julong King Wusi of the Southern Xiongnu (Wang Ting set up Meiji) rebelled again, attacking and plundering the counties of Bingzhou (Shanxi Province and the Yellow River Hetao area) (Since the rebellion of Wusi, There is no record of surrender, and it may be wrong to say that they rebelled again here). 3. On August 21st, the Eastern Han government sent court attendants (servants) Du Qiao and Zhou Ju from Hanoi (Wuzhi County, Henan Province) (Zhou Ju was not from Hanoi, but from Runan, not a court attendant, but a is a senior state official), acting special-level state officials (Doctor Shou Guanglu) Zhou Xu, Feng Xian, Luan Ba ​​and Zhang Gang from Wei County (Southwest Ye Town, Linzhang County, Hebei Province) (Zhang Gang is not from Wei County, but Qianwei County People from Wuyang County), Guo Zun, and Liu Ban visited the states and counties respectively to praise the virtuous and recommend the loyal ones; for those who corrupted the law, the governor and the senior officials at the county level (two thousand stones) were allowed to use the stagecoach to deliver the impeachment The memorial goes to the central government, and junior officials below the county magistrate are allowed to be directly arrested and tried. Du Qiao and others set off separately after receiving the order.Only Zhang Gang dismantled his wheels and buried them at the stagecoach station in Luoyang, saying: "The jackal is in power, why go to the fox!" No doubt: "Only relying on the relationship of the queen's family, he occupies the position of dominator, blindly corrupts, and indulges in indulgence. I would like to list fifteen major cases in which he has no king and violates laws and disciplines. These are all cases that should be hated by a courtier. matter." After the memorial was submitted, the capital (the capital Luoyang) was shocked.However, Empress Liang Yu is being favored by the emperor (the eighth Emperor Shun) Liu Bao (he is 28 years old), and the relatives and friends of the Liang family are all over the government.Although Liu Bao knew that Zhang Gang was right, he could not accept it. Du Qiao arrived in Yanzhou (west of Shandong Province), reported to Liu Bao's case, and recommended Li Gu, the mayor of Taishan County (east of Tai'an City, Shandong Province), whose political achievements ranked first in the world; Liu Bao recruited Li Gu to Luoyang, the capital, as the engineering director (will be a master craftsman).Most of the officials impeached by the eight imperial envoys were relatives, friends and accomplices of the Liang family and eunuchs. The royal relatives and eunuchs rescued each other. It is not transferred to Liu Bao at all; those who have been transferred to Liu Bao will not be given instructions.The law enforcement supervisor (servant censor) from Henan (East of Dongbaima Temple, Luoyang City, Henan Province) was a native of Song Song, deeply hated him, and made a second impeachment.Minister of Justice (Tingwei) Wu Xiong, and Engineering Director (will be a master) Li Gu also wrote to request that the officials accused by the eight imperial envoys should be punished quickly.Liu Baocai handed over the impeachment memorials of the eight imperial envoys to relevant units for investigation and conviction. 4. Liang Ji hated Zhang Gang to the bone, and considered how to make Zhang Gang fall into the trap.At that time, Zhang Ying, the leader of the rebels in Guangling (Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province), had been guerrilla for more than ten years in Yangzhou (central Anhui Province and Jiangnan area) and Xuzhou (Northern Jiangsu Province), but the county government could not suppress it. Liang Ji then appointed Zhang Gang as Guangling Sheriff.Each of the previous county chiefs insisted on sending more reinforcements, but Zhang Gang only arrived in one car.After receiving the incident, he went directly to the gate of Zhang Ying's camp and asked to see Zhang Ying.Zhang Ying was so shocked by this unexpected visit that he ordered the gates of the camp to be closed tightly.Zhang Gang sent his entourage officials back outside the door, and only brought more than a dozen of his most trusted officials and guards. He wrote to Zhang Ying and insisted on meeting.Zhang Ying discovered the sincerity of the newly appointed county chief, so he went to the camp to meet him.Zhang Gang asked Zhang Ying to sit in the chief position as a distinguished guest, and persuaded him: "In the past, most of the county chiefs were corrupt and violent, so that you were angry and mobilized people to fight. It is in line with the righteousness. Now, the Lord is benevolent and holy, and he is going to use his kindness to eliminate the rebellion, so he sent me here. I only hope to give you the title and official position, and do not want to add punishment to you. This is turning disaster into blessing. Timing. If you still refuse to hear these principles, then once the emperor is really angry, he will conscript Jingzhou (Hubei Province and Hunan Province), Yangzhou (central Anhui Province and Jiangnan Province), Yanzhou (western Shandong Province), Yuzhou (Henan Province ) The army will be irresistible; when the army unites, your heads will inevitably be separated, and your descendants will be extinct. What is benefit? What is harm? Your Excellency thinks deeply about it." Zhang Ying was deeply moved, and said in tears: "We are all uneducated fools, and we have no channels to tell the central government. We really can't stand the cruel persecution by corrupt officials, so we gather together just to escape for our lives. , Like a group of fish swimming in a pot, I also know that I can't last long, I just want to survive, and live one day at a time. Hearing the county chief's enlightenment today is the day we regain our lives." Zhang Ying bid farewell and returned to camp.The next day, he led more than 10,000 people from his troops, tied them face to face with his wife, and surrendered to Zhang Gang.Zhang Gang rode alone in a car, entered Zhang Ying's camp, held a banquet, and drank and feasted for fun.Disbanded the tribes and defected with everyone; then, Zhang Gang personally chose houses for them, looked for farmland, and appointed those who wanted to be low-level officials (officials) of the local government.People are happy, and Nanzhou (Guangling County is the southernmost county in Xuzhou) is restored to peace.The central government commented on the merits, and Zhang Gang should be named Marquis, but it was destroyed by Liang Ji.Zhang Gang served as county magistrate for one year and died.More than 500 people including Zhang Ying put on mourning clothes for him and escorted the coffin back to his hometown in Qianwei County (Pengshan County, Sichuan Province). Liu Bao issued an imperial edict to appoint Zhang Xu, Zhang Gang's son, as a junior guard officer (doctor), and gave him one million yuan. At this time, responsible and capable county officials, as well as Luoyang County Mayor Ren Jun from Bohai (Nanpi County, Hebei Province), Jizhou Governor (South Central Hebei Province) Jingzhao (Shaanxi Province) Su Zhang, Wu You from Chen Liu (Chenliu Town, southeast of Kaifeng City, Henan Province), Prime Minister of Jiaodong State (Hou State · Pingdu City, Shandong Province). Since Wang Huan became the magistrate of Luoyang County (refer to 105), all county magistrates have been incompetent.After Ren Jun took over, he strictly selected civil and military officials, so that they could do their best to report crimes as quickly as lightning.Ren Jun's majesty surpassed Wang Huan's, only inferior in promoting culture and education. Su Zhang was the governor (inspector) of Jizhou, and an old friend served as the governor of Qinghe County (Linqing City, Shandong Province). During the meeting, I looked back on the past and recounted my lifelong friendship, which was very pleasant.The county magistrate was overjoyed and said gratefully: "Others have only one sky on their heads, but I have two skys (meaning that old friends must cover them for him)." Su Zhang said: "Today, Su Zhang and his old friends gathered together for personal reasons. Tomorrow , The governor of Jizhou investigates the case, it is the law of the country." Then he proposed impeachment, and the whole state was in awe.But Su Zhang finally offended the imperial decree and was dismissed because of his confrontation with the privileged elements.At that time, the crisis in the world was deepening and the people were in distress. Those who cared about current affairs were looking forward to Su Zhang's return day and night, but the central government no longer appointed him. Wu You was the Prime Minister (Prime Minister) of the Jiaodong Kingdom. He governed the local area, kept taxes and taxes simple, was full of benevolence, cared about the people, and the people couldn't bear to deceive him.The head of the township, Sun Xing, collected taxes from the people privately and bought clothes for his father. When his father knew the truth, he was furious and said, "You have such a good officer, why do you have the nerve to do evil?" He ordered him to surrender.Ashamed and frightened, Sun Xing took the clothes and pleaded guilty to Wu You.Wu Youjiao withdrew from left and right, asked why, and after getting the truth, he comforted him and said: "You have been notorious for being corrupt because of your filial piety to your father. I know you are benevolent", Confucius said.) He ordered Sun Xing to go home and apologize to his father, and then gave the clothes to his father. 5. In winter, on October 26, Huan Yan, the commander-in-chief (Taiwei) of the national armed forces, and Liu Shou, the prime minister (Situ), were dismissed. 6. More than 5,000 households of the Xiqiang Han tribe (which was fighting against the government forces in Beidi County at the time) surrendered to Zhao Chong ("Book of Later Han·Xiqiang Biography": Zhao Chong was appointed as the security commander of Xiqiang this year), only The Shaohe Tribe guarded Canshan (northwest of Qingyang County, Gansu Province; 顤, sound luan), and refused to join. On October 29, the Eastern Han government ordered Zhang Qiao's troops defending Sanfu (Guanzhong, central Shaanxi Province) to be demobilized. 7. On November 7, Zhao Jun from Xiapi (the capital of Xiapi) was promoted to be the commander-in-chief of the National Armed Forces, and Hu Guang, Minister of Agriculture and Forestry (Da Si Nong), was promoted to prime minister. 1. In summer, on April 8th, Zhao Chong, the Security Commander of Xiqiang in the Eastern Han Dynasty (the capital of Luoyang) (the captain of the Huqiang school), and Zhang Gong, the governor of Hanyang (Gangu County, Gansu Province), attacked Shen (Gansu Province), where the Shaohe tribe was guarding. Northwest of Qingyang County), defeated. 2. On June 25th, the Eastern Han government granted the title of the Southern Xiongnu Chanyu (the thirty-sixth term) to the Shouyi King of the Southern Xiongnu Khanate (the royal court established Meiji) as the Chanyu of the Southern Xiongnu (the thirty-sixth term). vacant for three years).At this time, the Duandoulou Chu was in the capital (the capital Luoyang), and Liu Bao (29 years old this year), the Eastern Han Emperor (eighth Shun Emperor), personally presided over the knighting ceremony, issued a single seal, and welcomed the Jinluan Palace. The rewards for this new Chanyu were very generous, including chariots and horses, utensils, clothes, gold, silver, silk and satin.He ordered the Minister of Sacrifice (Taichang), the Minister of vassal affairs (Da Honglu) and all the princes sent to China as hostages by foreign countries to set up a grand banquet outside Guangyang Gate (the first gate at the south end of the west of Luoyang). There is a farewell party in the house, and the banquet is full of fun, and there are performances such as wrestling, wrestling and various juggling. 3. In winter, in leap October, Zhao Chong attacked Ayang (Jingning County, Gansu Province), the Shaodang tribal base of Xiqiang, and won. 4. In November, the Xiongnu's defense commander (envoy Xiongnu Zhonglang general) Fufeng (Xingping City, Shaanxi Province) sent assassins to assassinate Wusi, the king of Julong of the Southern Huns. 5. There have been 180 earthquakes in Liangzhou (Gansu Province) since September.Landslides and valleys cracked, city walls, government offices, and residential buildings collapsed in large numbers, and many people were crushed to death. 6. Huang Qiong, Secretary-General of the Palace (Shang Shuling), believed that the "filial piety" system formulated by the former Secretary-General Zuo Xiong was only limited to recommending Confucian school intellectuals and officials who were well versed in official documents (refer to 132), and it was impossible To recruit all talents in the world, so please add "filial piety" and "administrative ability" people, you can also recommend, and then let the common people participate in the government, there are four channels; Emperor Liu Bao approved. 1. In spring, Ma Xuan, the staff officer of the Western Qiang Security Headquarters (protecting Qiang) of the Eastern Han Dynasty (the capital Luoyang), was tempted by the Qiang tribe, and led the Qiang tribes who were still inside the Great Wall to escape outside the Great Wall.He also served as the security commander of Xiqiang (leading and guarding the Qiang school lieutenant), and sent troops to pursue him, killing more than 800 people. Zhao Chong pursued the Xiqiang rebels and advanced to Jianwei (should be Wuwei) Yuyin River (a section of the Yellow River southeast of Jingtai County, Gansu Province. Yu, zhan). Just after crossing the river, the more than 600 Huns who had surrendered earlier in the army were in an uproar. mutiny.Zhao Chong led hundreds of people in pursuit, fell into an ambush by the Xiqiang tribe, and wiped out the whole army.However, although Zhao Chong died in battle, he gained a lot, and the momentum of the Qiang tribe began to decline. Emperor Liu Bao (thirty years old) of the Eastern Han Dynasty (eighth Emperor Shun) ordered Zhao Chong's son to be the Marquis of Yiyang Ting. 2. In summer and April, Ma Shi, the Xiongnu's defense commander (envoy the Xiongnu Zhonglang general), attacked the southern Xiongnu (the king's court set up Meiji) in the east, and made a big break with the remnants of the dragon king Wusi.Therefore, the Huns, Qiangs and Wuhuan all surrendered to Ma Shi. 3. On April 15th, the crown prince Liu Bing (Yu Guisheng) was appointed as the crown prince.Change the name of the year (before it was the second year of Han'an, and then the first year of Jiankang), and forgive the world. Prince Liu Bing was in Chengguang Palace, and Liu Bao sent Zhong Song, a law enforcement supervisor (servant censor), as the chief uterus supervisor (supervisor of the prince's family).Gao Fan, the eunuch (zhongchang attendant) in the bedroom, drove a carriage from the palace alone to meet the prince.At that time, the royal master (Teacher) Du Qiao and others were apprehensive and hesitant, and were about to refuse, but they dared not make a decision immediately.Standing in front of the car with a saber in his hand, Zhong Hao said, "Prince, he is the prince of the country and the sustenance of the people's lives. The servant officer suddenly arrives, and there is no letter of edict. How do you know it is not a conspiracy? Today, there is only one death." Gao Fan was speechless and unable to answer, so he hurried back to the palace to report.Liu Bao used the official edict to take the prince away.Du Qiao sighed and felt ashamed afterwards, admiring Zhong Hao for not messing things up.Liu Bao was deeply impressed by Zhong Song's prudence, and he has been praising him for a long time. 4. In Yangzhou (central Anhui Province and Jiangnan area) and Xuzhou (northern Jiangsu Province), the people rebelled one after another for several years. In autumn and August, Fan Rong and Zhou Sheng, the leaders of the rebels in Jiujiang County (northwest of Dingyuan County, Anhui Province), attacked and looted the city and occupied Liyang (Hexian County, Anhui Province), which became the biggest disaster between the Yangtze River and Huaihe River.The Eastern Han government sent the chief inspector (Censor Zhongcheng) Feng Yu to urge the state government militia to crusade. 5. On August 6th, Emperor Liu Bao passed away in the front hall of Yutang (30 years old).Prince Liu Bing came to the throne (the ninth Chongdi), only two years old.Respect the empress Liang Yu as the empress dowager, and Liang Yu is in charge of the government. On August 13th, Zhao Jun, the commander-in-chief of the national armed forces (Taiwei), was promoted to be the royal master (Taifu), and the Minister of Agriculture and Forestry (Da Sinong) Li Gu was promoted to be the commander-in-chief of the national armed forces, in charge of court secrets (see Lu Shangshu) thing). 6. On September 12th, Liu Baoan was buried in Xianling (west of Luoyang City), and the temple name was Jingzong. 7. On the same day (September 12), there was an earthquake in Jingshi (the capital Luoyang), Taiyuan County (Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province), and Yanmen County (southeast of Shuozhou City, Shanxi Province). 8. On September 16th, an imperial edict ordered civil and military officials to recommend "virtuous" and "Founder" talents. The emperor asked questions and took a formal examination (the emperor at this time was Liang Ji).Huangfugui answered on the test paper: "In the beginning, the first emperor (Liu Bao) worked hard, established law and order, and hoped for peace. But later, he was surrounded by traitors, authority fell into the hands of close friends, bribes were accepted, officials were sold, and the government was full of guests. The turmoil was unbearable to the people, and they couldn't wait to defect to the rebel group, as if they were fleeing to their hometown. The officials and the people were exhausted, and those at the top and those under their subordinates were all in poverty. "Your Majesty (referring to Liang Concubine) ruled the world as a loving mother, wise and sage, pure and noble. The regency has just begun, and loyal people have been selected. Laws and regulations have been improved. Far and near are in harmony. We have seen a peaceful and prosperous age. However, the disaster Constantly, thieves and thieves are everywhere. It is precisely because of the power of treacherous craftsmen that this phenomenon occurs. Among them, those who often serve the left and right, and whose behavior is particularly vicious, should be expelled immediately; not only expel their people, but also confiscate the bribes and stolen goods they have accepted. It is used to appease the suffering of the people and answer the punishment shown by heaven. "Supreme commander (general) Liang Ji and mayor of the capital Luoyang (Henan Yin) Liang Buyi, should cultivate humility and Confucianism, avoid unnecessary expenditures on sensuality and entertainment, and reduce useless decorations in houses. The king is like a ship, the people are like the ocean, officials and cadres are like the passengers on the ship, and the brothers in command are the sailors at the helm and oars. If you have firm ambitions and go all out to seek peace for the people, this is a blessing. If If you slack off a little and don't care about it, you will be swallowed by the waves, how can you be careless! "A person's moral character is not worthy of his honorable status. It is like digging the foot of a wall desperately, but expecting the wall to be higher. How can he try his best and go all out to pursue success! Anyone who is old and cunning, has friends with wine and meat, and guests who play games, should Keep them away, in order to warn those who violate the law and discipline. Order Liang Ji and others to reflect on the blessings of talents and be vigilant about the consequences of mishandling inhumans." Liang Ji was so angry that he put Huangfugui at the bottom and appointed him as a junior guard officer (doctor). He found an excuse that Huangfugui was ill, so he was dismissed and sent back to his hometown.Under the suggestion of Liang Ji, the state and county government officials framed Huangfugui.Huangfugui was almost killed several times, and finally escaped with his life; but his family was in poverty for more than ten years (sixteen years from this year to Liang Ji's execution). 9. Yin Yao, governor of Yangzhou (central part of Anhui Province and Jiangnan region), and Deng Xian, county governor of Jiujiang (northwest of Dingyuan County, Anhui Province), attacked Liyang (He County, Anhui Province), the base of Fan Rong, the leader of the mob, and were defeated and killed. 10. In winter, in October, the barbarians in Rinan County (Donghe County, Vietnam) rebelled again, attacking and burning cities and villages.Xia Fang, the governor (inspector) of Jiaozhi Prefecture (Guangdong, Guangxi and Vietnam) from Jiujiang, lured them to surrender. 11. In November, Xu Feng and Ma Mian, the leaders of Jiujiang Bianmin, attacked and burned cities and villages.Xu Feng was called "Supreme General" and Ma Mian was called "Emperor". They guarded Dangtu (Nanmatou City, Huaiyuan County, Anhui Province) in the mountains, established the year name, and set up civil and military officials. 12. In December, Huang Hu, the leader of another rebel in Jiujiang, attacked Hefei (Hefei City, Anhui Province). 13、本年，一群强盗挖掘八任帝（顺帝）刘保坟墓（宪陵·洛阳市西）。 1、春季，正月六日，东汉王朝（首都洛阳）皇帝（九任冲帝）刘炳，在玉堂前殿逝世（年仅三岁）。 皇太后梁妠认为，扬州（安徽省中部及江南地区）、徐州（江苏省北部）变民势力正在膨胀，恐怕人心震动，打算等到征召的各亲王们抵达首都洛阳后，再公布刘炳死亡消息。全国武装部队总司令（太尉）李固反对，说：“皇上（刘炳）虽然还小，但他仍然是全国君父，今天去世，人神同时感应，岂有当子民的反而掩藏君父的死期？从前，嬴政死后的沙丘阴谋（参考前二一〇年）以及最近的迎立北乡侯（七任帝刘懿）事件（参考一二五年），都是秘不发丧，这是天下最大的禁忌，绝对不可以。” 梁妠采纳，当天晚上即发表皇帝逝世公报。征召清河王（首府甘陵）刘蒜，跟勃海（孝）王（首府南皮）刘鸿的儿子刘缵，齐到京师（首都洛阳）。刘蒜老爹是清河王（恭王）刘延平，刘延平及老弟刘鸿，都是乐安（夷）王（首府临济；乐安国的前身便是千乘国）刘宠的儿子、千乘（贞）王（首府千乘）刘伉（三任帝刘炟子）的孙儿。刘蒜这个人，个性严肃，行动举止，循规蹈矩，高级官员一致归心。 李固向最高统帅（大将军）梁冀建议：“现在物色继位皇帝，应该选择年纪大而有品德，能够亲自处理国家大事的人，请将军仔细考虑大计，想到周勃当初拥护文帝（西汉王朝五任帝刘恒）、霍光当初拥护宣帝（西汉王朝十任帝刘病已），切勿效法邓家班和阎家班拥护幼弱（周勃事参考前一八〇年，霍光事参考前七四年，邓家班事参考一〇五年、一〇六年，阎家班事参考一二五年）。”梁冀不听，跟妹妹皇太后梁妠在宫中决策。 正月二十四日（皇帝空位十八日），梁冀“持节”，用亲王专用的青盖车，迎接刘缵抵达南宫。 正月二十五日，封刘缵当建平侯，当天，坐上宝座，就天子位（十任质帝），年才八岁。刘蒜被遣回封国。 Bo Yang said: 李固建议梁冀效法周勃、霍光，有点异想天开。他不提周勃、霍光，梁冀还可能拥戴一位长君，他一提周勃、霍光，恰好是当头棒喝，天下最大的傻瓜，都不会效法周勃、霍光。周勃的下场是被投入监狱，霍光的下场是全族被屠灭，连一个孩子都没有留下。 一山不容二虎，这是封建专制政治内在病毒孕育出来的死结。 2、开始为死皇帝刘炳选择墓地。李固说：“今天，处处都是盗贼，军事费用庞大，如果要重新兴建一座陵园，又要增加田赋捐税。而且，皇帝年纪还小，似乎可以在老爹宪陵（刘保墓）墓园之内安葬，依照慎陵（四任帝刘肇墓）制度（五任帝刘隆死时，年仅三个月，就安葬在老爹刘肇墓园。参考一〇六年）。”皇太后梁妠批准。 正月二十七日，安葬刘炳，坟墓称怀陵（洛阳市西北）。 3、皇太后梁妠依赖宰相、三公，李固每有建议，梁妠大都采纳。为非作歹的宦官，都被排斥，政府一片欣欣向荣气象，天下人盼望政治走上正轨，而梁冀对这种现象，却深恶痛绝。 最初，刘保时代任命官员，多不依照规章。李固当政后，彻查那些来路不正分子，奏准免职的有一百余人。这批政坛失意人物对李固当然怨恨，又为了迎合梁冀的旨意，遂共同呈递奏章，诬陷李固，说：“全国武装部队总司令李固，假公济私，表面上正人君子，实际上却从事邪恶勾当，离间皇家近亲跟皇家的感情，自己建立党羽。先帝（刘炳）的棺柩在堂，路上行人都掩面悲哭，李固却在脸上涂脂抹粉，搔首弄姿，盘旋俯仰，行为妖冶，丝毫没有忧伤悲痛之心。先帝的坟墓还没有筑成，就改变旧有制度规章，好的都是自己主意，坏的全是君王过失。驱逐旧有臣僚，不能侍奉送葬。作威作福，没有人超过李固。儿子最大的罪恶莫过于连累父母，臣属最大的罪恶莫大于诋毁君王。李固所犯的错误，理应诛杀。” 奏章呈上后，梁冀面见皇太后梁妠，坚持把奏章交付有关单位调查，梁妠不许（奏章一旦交付调查，鲨鱼群一齐下口，李固性命不保。所以“交付调查”“不交付调查”，是一契机）。 4、广陵郡（江苏省扬州市）变民首领张婴（参考一四二年），再聚众数千人，攻陷广陵。 5、二月二十四日，赦天下。 6、西羌诸部落连年变乱，东汉政府支出军费高达八十余亿钱，将领们多数都吃空缺，克扣粮饷，用金银财宝贿赂长官左右。上下包庇，从不理会军事，战士不应死而死的，白骨相望，堆积旷野。左冯翊（陕西省高陵县）郡长梁并，用恩德和信义，招诱叛变羌人；离湳、狐奴等部落，五万余户，同时向梁并归附。陇右（陇山以西）社会秩序，重新恢复。 7、皇太后梁妠因为徐州（江苏省北部）、扬州（安徽省中部及江南地区）民变日益扩大，要求文武官员推荐元帅人才。三公推荐涿县（涿郡郡政府所在县·河北省涿州市）县长、北海（首府剧县）人滕抚，文武双全。梁妠任命滕抚当九江郡（安徽省定远县西北）民兵司令（都尉），会同皇家警卫指挥官（中郎将）赵序，协助总监察官（御史中丞）冯绲，征集各州郡民兵数万人，共同征剿。又公开悬赏，以功劳高低，赐钱或封爵。又准备派全国武装部队总司令李固亲征，还没有出发。 三月，滕抚进击，大破变民集团，斩马勉、范容、周生等一千五百人。 变民首领“无上将军”徐凤，率残余部众，焚烧东城县（安徽省定远县东南）。 夏季，五月，下邳（首府下邳）人谢安响应悬赏，率领他的宗族亲戚，设下埋伏，击斩徐凤。 封谢安当平乡侯，擢升滕抚当皇家警卫指挥官（中郎将），负责指挥扬州、徐州军事。 8、五月二十六日，东汉政府下诏：“孝殇皇帝（五任帝刘隆）在皇帝宝座上，越过一个新年，君臣名分，已经确定。孝安皇帝（六任帝刘祜）继承前世的传统大业，而竟然使恭陵（刘祜墓）排列在康陵（刘隆墓）之上，先后差错，秩序颠倒，现在应行改正。” 9、六月，鲜卑部落（内蒙古东部中部及以北地区）攻击代郡（山西省阳高县）。 10、秋季，庐江郡（安徽省庐江县）变民攻击寻阳（湖北省武穴市东北），又攻击盱台（江苏省盱眙县）。滕抚派军政官（司马）王章，击破叛众。 11、九月二十二日，皇家师傅（太傅）赵峻逝世。 12、滕抚攻击张婴（时在广陵郡）。 冬季，十一月十九日，大败张婴变民集团，斩杀及俘虏一千余人。 十一月二十日，皇家警卫指挥官赵序，被控懦弱畏敌，假报杀人数字（又被控贪污三百七十五万绸缎钱），绑赴刑场，斩首。 13、历阳（安徽省和县）变民首领华孟，自称“黑帝”，攻杀九江（安徽省定远县西北）郡长杨岑。滕抚进击，打败变民军，斩华孟等三千八百人，俘虏七百余人。东南方全部平定，滕抚班师。任命滕抚当左冯翊（陕西省高陵县）郡长。 14、永昌（云南省保山市）郡长刘君世，用黄金铸成一条彩色大蛇，呈献最高统帅梁冀，作为礼物（用蛇作为礼物，应是罕见奇事。我们推测，蛇可能是梁冀生肖）。益州（四川省及云南省）州长（刺史）种嵩，派人逮捕刘君世，并以政府快递马车，上书弹劾，梁冀遂恨种嵩入骨。 正好，巴郡（重庆市）人服直（服，姓），聚集群众数百人，自称“天王”，种暠跟巴郡郡长应承，讨伐追击，不能取胜，很多官吏人民却受到伤害。梁冀借题发挥，报复陷害，下诏逮捕种嵩、应承，押解回京。李固上书营救，说：“我得到的情报是，在征剿战役中，造成的伤害，并不是种嵩、应承的指示，而是县政府官员畏法惧罪，不能判断强盗形势，强迫人民作战，才发生不幸。自从盗贼纷起，处处都有变乱，种暠、应承并不掩饰，首先公开贼情，假如立即就受到处罚，我恐怕将使州县官员沮丧，以后互相隐匿，不肯再尽忠心。” 皇太后梁妠看到奏章，下令释放种嵩、应承，仅只免职。金蛇没收，交付农林部（司农）国库。 梁冀念念不忘金蛇，向农林部长（大司农）杜乔借看，杜乔拒绝。梁冀小女儿去世，皇太后梁妠下令三公、部长前往吊丧，只杜乔不去，梁冀从此又恨上杜乔。 1、夏季，四月二十五日，东汉王朝（首都洛阳）政府下令：各郡、各封国，推荐“明经”（明晓儒家经书）人才，进人国立大学。从最高统帅（大将军梁冀）起，以及文武官员，都遣送子弟到国立大学上课。每年年底，举行考试，依照成绩，分派担任国家官职。 又下令：中级官员（千石）、初级官员（六百石）、四府官员（四府：宰相府、最高监察署、全国武装部队总司令部、最高统帅部）、三署禁卫官（三署：高级警卫指挥署，左翼警卫指挥署，右翼警卫指挥署，均属宫廷禁卫官司令）以及四姓小侯中已通经书的（四姓原为樊、郭、阴、马，参考六六年。后来又有窦家、邓家、阎家兴起。数十年之间，沧海桑田，兴兴废废，早已衰落。此时梁家自是四小侯之一，其他三家，已无可考。或许不是四姓，或许已超过四姓，但仍维持“四姓小侯”称谓），都应遵守“师承”的“家法”（教师传授的学说），考试时能列入高等，登记在名册之上，依照秩序擢升。因为这项鼓励，各地青年学子到京师（首都洛阳）留学，一时成为风气，国立大学（太学）学生，多达三万人。 2、五月六日，改封乐安王（首府临济）刘鸿当勃海王（首府南皮）。 3、海水倒灌，淹没人民家宅。 4、六月三日，赦天下。 5、东汉帝（十任质帝）刘缵（本年九岁），自幼便聪明绝顶。在一次金銮宝殿朝会上，看到梁冀，眨眼说：“这可是跋扈将军！”（“跋扈”二字，在此之前，从没有出现，九岁的娃儿脱口而出，必是当时极为流行的口语。每个时代有每个时代的流行口语，犹如每个时代有每个时代的流行歌曲一样，在当时无人不知，无人不晓，儿童或少年，更是熟练，过了这个时代，更新的出现，旧的就被淘汰，便再没有人听懂，也再没有人使用。“跋扈”不一定有深奥的出处。胡三省曾深入《尔雅》里找，似于事无补。只看梁冀对这话的反应，就可肯定准是贬词，除了“横行霸道”外，恐怕还有“作恶多端”之意，也可能只是儿童游戏时惯用的称呼，刘缵小小年纪，不知道轻重。）梁冀听到后，深恶痛绝。梁冀决心斩草除根，断绝后患。 闰六月一日，梁冀布置妥当，命皇帝左右侍从，把毒药放在汤饼里，拿给刘缵；刘缵吃下后，毒药霎时发作，口干舌燥，胸如火烧，急派人召唤全国武装部队总司令（太尉）李固。李固仓惶进宫，赶到刘缵榻前，询问得病来由，刘缵这时还能言语，而且神智清晰，回答说：“我刚吃过汤饼，肚子烦闷，给我一口水，我还能活。”梁冀这时站在旁边，他不能冒这种喝水得救的危险，阻止说：“恐怕会呕吐，不可以喝水。”话还没有说完，九岁的娃儿皇帝刘缵，已经身死。李固伏到地面上大哭。出宫后，立刻弹劾御医救护不力，梁冀深恐审问过程中，暴露中毒真相，所以对李固更加痛恨。 在决定继承人之前，李固和宰相（司徒）胡广、最高监察长（司空）赵戒，联合给梁冀一份备忘录，说：“天下不幸，只不过三年之间，皇位系统，三次断绝（一四四年，八任帝刘保死。一四五年，九任帝刘炳死。本年，十任帝刘缵死），现在又要拥戴新皇帝。对于天下最尊贵的宝座，我们深知道皇太后的关切和将军的劳虑，都盼望物色一位恰当人选，以保持皇家神圣的传统。然而，我们愚昧的思念，不忘一件大事。从远古君王兴废前例，直到近代君王登基制度，每一次都要公开访问政府三公和部长级高级官员，广泛征求大家意见，务必使提名的人选，上应天心，下合众望。古书上说：'把天下送给别人，十分容易；为天下得到适当人才，却非常困难。'（《孟子》语）以前，昌邑王（西汉王朝九任帝刘贺）登基之后，昏乱日甚一日，霍光忧愁惭愧，后悔不已，如果不是霍光的忠贞和勇气，田延年的奋发声势，汉王朝（西汉王朝）政权，可能就在那个时代倾覆（参考前七四年）。所以，继承人选是否恰当，是一项忧虑和一项重大责任，不可以不深刻思考。天下事千头万绪，都可暂缓，只有选择皇帝继承人关系最大，国家兴衰，在此一举。” 梁冀看到这份备忘录，遂召集高阶层官员会议，由三公、部长（中二千石）、侯爵，慎重讨论皇位继承人事宜。而就在会议上，发生冲突。三公：李固、胡广、赵戒跟藩属事务部长（大鸿胪）杜乔，认为清河王刘蒜，品德能力，一向受到肯定，皇家血统又最亲最尊（三任帝刘炟—千乘王刘伉—乐安王刘宠—清河王刘延平—清河王刘蒜。是刚被毒死的十任帝刘缵的堂兄），应属皇位继承人最适当的人选，而且政府官员对刘蒜全都归心。然而，反对的力量强大。寝殿侍奉宦官（中常侍）曹腾，某一次晋见刘蒜时，刘蒜对他不太礼敬，遂在宦官群中留下恶劣印象。最初，平原王（首府平原）刘翼，被贬逐回河间（刘翼本是河间王刘开的儿子，皇太后邓绥命他继承平原王爵位。六任帝刘祜，疑心邓绥要罢黜自己改立刘翼，邓绥一死，刘祜就把刘翼贬为都乡侯，逐回河间国。参考一二一年）。刘翼既回河间，老爹刘开（三任帝刘炟子），请求把蠡吾县（河北省博野县）分给他，作为采邑，八任帝刘保批准（从此才由都乡侯改称蠡吾侯。蠡，音li）。刘翼逝世后，儿子刘志嗣位。皇太后梁妠正想把妹妹嫁给刘志，征召刘志进京。刘志刚刚抵达夏门亭（在夏门外）时，十任帝（质帝）刘缵恰恰被毒死；梁冀认为刘志可以保障梁家的安全，因而打算拥护刘志。 会议上三公坚持立场，梁冀怒火中烧，却又没有强有力的理由封对方之口。曹腾等得到消息，乘夜晋见梁冀，警告说：“梁姓家族，几代都是皇亲国戚（四任帝刘肇娘亲跟现在皇太后梁妠，都出自梁家），将军又手握国家大权，日理万机，宾客满天下，难免有人违法乱纪。而清河王刘蒜，贤明严正，如果坐上宝座，将军不久就会大祸临头。不如拥戴蠡吾侯刘志，富贵可以长保。”梁冀认为他的判断正确。 第二天（闰六月二日），再度召集高阶层官员举行会议。梁冀杀气腾腾，面色狰狞，言辞强硬激烈。宰相胡广、最高监察长赵戒，发现情形全不对劲，感到恐惧，在被征求意见时，一致回答：“我们听最高统帅（梁冀）吩咐！”只有全国武装部队总司令李固、农林部长（大司农）杜乔，仍坚持原来建议——迎立刘蒜。梁冀拉下脸来，厉声说：“散会！”李固不死心，认为刘蒜众望所归，仍有被立的可能。再写信给梁冀，梁冀怒不可遏。 闰六月四日，梁冀说服妹妹皇太后梁妠，下诏把李固免职。 闰六月五日，任命宰相（司徒）胡广当全国武装部队总司令，擢升最高监察长赵戒当宰相，跟最高统帅梁冀，共同主管宫廷机要（参录尚书事）。擢升交通部长（太仆）袁汤当最高监察长。袁汤，是袁安的孙儿（袁安，三任帝刘炟时代的宰相，参考八七年六月）。 闰六月七日，皇太后梁妠，派最高统帅（大将军）梁冀“持节”，用亲王专用的青盖车，把蠡吾侯刘志，接入皇宫。当天，登上皇帝宝座（十一任桓帝），年十五岁。梁妠继续临朝听政。 6、秋季，七月二日，把前任帝（十任质帝）刘缵，安葬静陵（洛阳城东南十五千米）。 7、最高统帅部秘书（大将军掾）朱穆签呈梁冀说：“明年是'丁亥'年，刑罚跟恩德，在北方'乾位'，合而为一（神秘阴阳家，把“刑罚”“品德”跟四季配合，刑罚品德合一，表示福气。干支纪年，该年有“丁”“壬”出现时，品德在北方。该年有“亥”“卯”出现时，刑罚也在北方。明年干支，有“丁”有“亥”，同时都在北方，北方就是“乾位”——以上只是照抄神秘阴阳书，实际