Chapter 18 The 1930s (130-139)

1. In summer, in April, the Eastern Han Dynasty (capital Luoyang) capital (capital Luoyang) suffered from drought. 2. The capital and twelve counties and feudal states were plagued by locusts. 3. Banshi, the grandson of Dingyuan Hou Banchao, married Princess Yincheng (daughter of Qinghe King Liu Qing), the aunt of Eastern Han Emperor (eighth Shundi) Liu Bao. Princess Yincheng. In winter, on October 20th, the half-cut squad began, and the brothers and sisters of the same mother were all tied up and sent to the execution ground for execution. Bo Yang said: The names of the princesses of the Eastern Han Dynasty are recorded in historical books, but the name of the princess of Yincheng is unknown.This princess is the first crazy woman in the history of China - her sensuality may not be the first, but her madness has left an unprecedented record.The rich and powerful wife who relied on her natal family didn't see her husband at all, so her lover was like a cloud, and her concubine was like rain.The most powerful thing is that she also called the wild man to the house.This is an intolerable insult to any husband.But she was sure that her husband had no choice but to submit, so in the end, she was naked on the bed with the wild man, but ordered her husband to kneel in front of the bed for free.The long-term anger accumulated in her chest broke out, and Ban Shi killed her on the spot. The wealthy and powerful natal family really showed their power, beheading her husband's waist, and beheading her husband's brothers and sisters.Such scandals and tragedies can happen in any society, but the cruelty of revenge—even the execution of the husband’s brothers and sisters—can only happen in an autocratic feudal society.

1. In spring, on February 17th, the Eastern Han Dynasty (capital Luoyang) Hejian (filial piety) king (capital Lecheng) Liu Kai (the third emperor Liu Dazi) passed away, and his son Liu Zheng (Liu Bao's uncle) succeeded to the throne. Liu Zheng was arrogant and fierce, and did not abide by the laws of the country.Emperor Liu Bao (seventeen years old) of the Eastern Han Dynasty (eighth Shun Emperor) thought that Shen Jing, a law enforcement supervisor (servant censor) from Wujun (Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province), was strong and capable, and promoted him to be the Prime Minister of Hejian Kingdom .After Shen Jing took office, he met Liu Zheng. Liu Zheng was disheveled, his legs were spread apart, and he was squatting on the hall in a big shape.The master of ceremonies introduced the name, Shen Jing stood there pretending to be in a daze, and only asked: "Where is the king?" The tiger guard warrior said: "Isn't this the king?" What is the difference between ordinary people? Today is the prime minister of the feudal state to meet the prince, how could he be meeting a rude person?" Liu Zheng was ashamed, and changed into formal clothes, and Shen Jing paid his respects.After leaving the palace, please send out the prince master (Fu. The Western Han Dynasty established the "Taifu" and was renamed "Fu" in the first six years), and blamed him: "When I left the capital (the capital Luoyang), I accepted the imperial edict in the Jinluan Hall. The emperor thought that Your Majesty has a bad attitude, so he ordered me to investigate. What are you doing with your empty salary? You didn’t even do any teaching work?” The report was reported to the central government for punishment, and Liu Bao issued an imperial edict to reprimand Liu Zheng, and asked the prince’s master (Fu) why he was not loyal duty?Shen Jing then arrested a group of traitors and reported their evil deeds.Dozens of people with the most serious crimes were planned to be executed, and more than a hundred people were rehabilitated and released.Liu Zheng began to change his temperament, repented and rehabilitated.

2. Liu Bao believes that Yiwu (Hami City, Xinjiang) is fertile land, close to the Western Regions (Xinjiang and eastern Central Asia), and the Northern Huns (the southern foot of the Altai Mountains in Xinjiang, established by the royal court) have always used this land as a base for invading the western borders of the Han Dynasty. Advance to base. On March 29, it was ordered to restore the Yiwu settlement, and everything followed the scale of the 1990s, and a commander (Yiwu Sima) was established for the Yiwu settlement area. 3. In the beginning, Liu Hu, the sixth emperor (Andi), was ignorant and despised knowledge.The cultural activities of the central government have come to a standstill, the research officers (doctors) no longer have any lectures, the disciples and students are gradually separated, the school buildings are also damaged and collapsed, the campus has become a vegetable garden, or it has become a wild forest and grass , the shepherd boy and woodcutter cut firewood and mowed grass there.The engineering director (who will be the master) Zhai Xing wrote a letter requesting to restore the old view and induce young people to study, and Liu Bao approved it.

In autumn and September, the National University (Tai Xue) was rebuilt, with a total of 240 buildings and 1,850 rooms. 4. Geng Ye, the security commander of Wuhuan (Huwuhuan Xiaowei), sent troops to attack the Xianbei tribe (in the central and northern parts of eastern Inner Mongolia), and defeated the Xianbei tribe. 5. Han Hao, the Security Commander of Xiqiang (Huqiang Xiaowei), moved the area of ​​Huangzhong (northeast of Qinghai Province) to the south and invaded between the two rivers (after the Yellow River bypassed Jishi Mountain, it flowed northwest to La Yihai flows northeast again until Longyang Gorge, this section is called Cizhi River, and Longyang Gorge flows eastward, passing Songba Gorge between Guide County and Jianzha County in Qinghai Province, this section is called Fengliu River. Between the two rivers, that is, between the Cizhi River and the Fengliu River), it is pressing against the tribes of the Western Qiang.At this time, Han Hao was transferred back to the capital Luoyang due to an incident, and Ma Xu, the governor of Zhangye County (Zhangye City, Gansu Province), took over as the commander of Xiqiang security.

The Qiang tribes between the two rivers believed that the armed reclamation corps of the Eastern Han Dynasty was pressing down on the border, and they might be attacked. Therefore, the tribes once again resolved their grudges, formed an alliance and vowed, and the whole family was on guard.Ma Xu found that the situation was serious, so he wrote a letter requesting permission to withdraw the reclamation troops and return to Huangzhong, so that the Qiang people could feel at ease. 6. Liu Bao intends to choose a queen, but among the group of "noble" concubines, at least four of them are favored and cannot be decided.Prepare to draw lots in front of the gods, whoever is drawn will be the one.The executive officer of the Palace Secretariat (Shangshu Pushe) Hu Guang from Nanjun (Jiangling County, Hubei Province), and the court secretary (Shangshu) Feng Yi (Gaoling County, Shaanxi Province) Guoqian and Shi Chang wrote to object, saying: "We have read In the imperial edict, His Majesty believes that the selection of a queen is a major matter. He is humble and unwilling to decide on his own. He hopes to use the method of drawing lots to ask the gods for instructions. However, there are no such measures in all the records in ancient books and all the precedents of our ancestors. Before the gods, pray for divination Gua, you may not be able to get talents, even if you get them, you may not have good moral character. Wisdom and wisdom will be manifested on the outside, and great virtuous virtues must be different; the best way is to add For the daughters of a good family, choose the one with the best moral character; when the moral character is the same, choose the older one; when the age is the same, choose the beautiful one. Act according to the classics, and then let your majesty consider it." Liu Bao adopted.

The fourth emperor (Hedi) Liu Zhaoniang, the nephew of Liang Guiren's nephew, Cheng Shi Hou Liang Shang, had a daughter Liang Yu (sound na), who was sent to the palace to be Liu Bao's concubine "noble person" (Liu Zhaoniang's personal affairs of Liang Guiren, Refer to 1983 and 1997), whenever he was summoned to go to bed, he always declined and said: "Masculinity should be based on a wide range of charity as the highest virtue; femininity should be not exclusive as the minimum standard. The reason why katydids prosper is that This reason (katydids, sound zhong si. An insect similar to locusts, but the damage is not as serious as locusts. It is used as the name of a poem, and it is used to describe the number of descendants. In ancient times, "few people eat buns, and many people do better Live." Many descendants are a beautiful metaphor). May Your Majesty consider the grace of rain and dew, and everyone should share it. If you teach other beauties to accompany you, I can also be exonerated." Liu Bao thinks she is the most virtuous and sensible.

1. In spring, on the twenty-eighth day of the first lunar month, Liu Bao (eighth Emperor Shun) of the Eastern Han Dynasty (the capital of Luoyang) named Liang Yu the empress. (This year, Liang Yu is twenty-seven years old, nine years older than Liu Bao.) 2. Drought in Beijing (the capital Luoyang). 3. In March, six counties (Jiujiang County, Danyang County, Lujiang County, Kuaiji County, Wu County, and Yuzhang County) in Yangzhou (the central part of Anhui Province and the Jiangnan area) rebelled against Zhang He, the leader of the people, and attacked forty-nine counties. kill government officials.

4. On March 13th, the world will be pardoned and the year name will be changed (the seventh year of Yongjian before, and the first year of Yangjia later). 5. In summer and April, Liang Shang, the father of Empress Liang Yu, was awarded "Te Jin" (at the time of the imperial court meeting, the position was below the Sangong and above the princes).Soon, he was appointed as the commander of the capital Luoyang Garrison District (Zhi Jinwu). 6. In winter, Geng Ye, the Wuhuan security commander (protecting Wuhuan school lieutenant), sent Wuhuan (northern Hebei Province) chief Rong Momo and others to attack Xianbei (the central and northern parts of eastern Inner Mongolia), and plundered them back.The Xianbei tribe then counterattacked the Liaodong immigrant area (Liaodong is a country with Changli as its capital. Liaodong has six counties under its jurisdiction: Xiandu County, Fang County, Changli County, Tuhe County, Fuli County, and Bintu County).Geng Ye then moved his headquarters to Wuli County (southeast of Beining City, Liaoning Province) belonging to Liaodong County (Liaoyang City, Liaoning Province) to resist. (The Wuhuan Security Command was originally located in Ning County, and the air distance between the two places is 650 kilometers.)

7. Zuo Xiong, Secretary-General of the Palace (Shang Shu Ling), wrote: "In the past, Emperor Xuan (Liu Bingji, the tenth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty) believed that if local government officials were frequently transferred, people's hearts would not be stable. They had to be in office for a long time before the people would be educated. All officials with outstanding achievements were rewarded with official edicts. , Increase salaries or promote ranks. If there is a vacancy for senior central officials, they will be hired in accordance with the order. Therefore, all officials will perform their duties, and the people can live and work in peace and contentment. The best officials of the Western Han Dynasty were concentrated in that era (Hu Sansheng’s original note: referring to Yin Wenggui, Han Yanshou, Zhu Yi, Gong Sui, Huang Ba, etc.). Now, the magistrate of a county is often changed. Those who are overbearing are considered capable and capable, those who abide by the law are considered cowardly and stupid, and those who follow the principles of public affairs are considered incapable of administration.

"Therefore, there was darkness. Kun pliers (髡, sound kun. Kun punishment, shaved hair. Clamps, iron chains to lock the neck), because of the blink of an eye, the dead body was killed, but it was decided by the momentary joy and anger of those in power. , regard the people as robbers, hate them to the bone; raise taxes, and are more ferocious than tigers and wolves. The central government sent out picket officers one after another—the ones who set off later can see the backs of those who set off earlier. However, they are The same kind, do not report when they see mistakes, and do not correct when they encounter evil. Just take a look at the gorgeous hospitality hotel, you think you have understood the local political situation; ask the local government to make achievements, always set the time limit after one year ( One year later, I don’t know where to go, the deadline is meaningless). Praise the good governance of local officials, but can’t say what measures; praise the contribution of the local government, but can’t cite any facts. People who show their appearance gain reputation , the hard worker, gets bashed.

"The phenomenon in the officialdom is that once someone finds that the crime can no longer be concealed, he declares that he despises wealth and honor, abandons his official position, and shows his dignity; someone sees that his boss's face is a little strange, and immediately resigns to show that he has an opportunity. The state and county governments don't understand. The inside information, vying for employment, instead makes them jump up and go beyond the normal track. Even if their actions are exposed and they are wanted and arrested, they can get away with it and never be brought to justice. Once the world is amnesty or bribery is used, past crimes will be written off and they will be innocent. Vermilion and purple are mixed, clean and turbid, so that treacherous people are everywhere. They don't care about being appointed or dismissed. Anyway, the speed of appointment and dismissal is like flowing water. When there is a vacancy, hundreds of people will be transferred. "No matter what kind of officials they are, no matter how low their position is or how little their salary is, their chariots, horses and clothes are all from the people. The honest ones are satisfied as long as they have enough for themselves, and the greedy ones are satisfied with their family. The legal norms of the country In addition to taxation, officials continue to extort money from the people without end. It costs a lot to welcome the new and send the old away, which damages both the administration and the people. This is the reason why a harmonious atmosphere cannot be established and catastrophes cannot disappear. "I foolishly believe that among the county chiefs, prime ministers, secretary-generals, and chief secretaries, those who are mild-tempered and have outstanding achievements should increase their salary and raise their official ranks, but they don't necessarily have to be transferred. Unless the parents die , are not allowed to resign (during the Han Dynasty, in order to avoid impeachment, corrupt officials resigned first when they saw that the situation was unfavorable). Those who broke the law and did not obey the orders of the central government will be deprived of political rights (imprisoned) for life, even if they encounter a pardon, They are also not included. Once they are impeached, they will abandon their officials and flee, and those who refuse to accept legal sanctions will have their family members exiled to border counties as a warning to future generations. "Officials below the county government who are in direct contact with the people should appoint Confucian intellectuals who are clean and capable of being officials. Taxes and poll taxes should be reduced and their salaries increased. Recommended. In this case, domineering will not work, hypocritical words and deeds will disappear by themselves. The human and financial resources consumed by sending off the old and welcoming the new will also be reduced, and the reasons for excessive taxation will disappear. Law-abiding and reasonable officials can complete their education. People all over the country , each gets what he wants.” Liu Bao was deeply moved, and then issued an imperial edict to reiterate the prohibition that officials should not resign without reason (this prohibition existed before, but no one has followed it).Instruct the relevant units to study how to conduct fair and true performance appraisal of officials, and to formulate detailed implementation rules, which will be implemented after reporting.However, the eunuch thought it was aimed at them and hurt the interests of the eunuch group, so he made a hindrance.So, in the end, it still couldn't be implemented. Zuo Xiong wrote again: "Confucius said: 'At forty years old, one has the ability to judge (forty is not confused). "From now on, the local government will not be able to sponsor candidates for the subject of 'Xiaolian' if they are under 40 years old. The 'Xiaolian' sponsored should first report to the Chancellor's Mansion (Government). Intellectuals from the Confucian school will be tested for the knowledge they have learned. If they are born in public office, they will be tested for official document procedures. The copy will be sent to the Duanmen of the Imperial Palace (the south gate of the Imperial Palace is called Duanmen, where the palace secretary accepts memorials from all over the country ), examine his reality, observe his talents, and promote the political atmosphere to be good. Anyone who does not abide by this regulation will be convicted according to law. Of course, if there are special talents or strange abilities, there is no age limit." Liu Bao approved . Assistants (Shang Shulang) of the Palace Secretariat (Shang Shulang) Hu Guang, Guo Qian, Shi Chang, etc. raised objections to the age limit, and wrote to retort: ​​"Recommendation or recommendation only depends on whether the person recommended or recommended is a talent, and there are no other conditions. The Confucian classics do not have Chen Ping's six tricks (refer to 200 years ago). The achievements of Zheng Guoji Chan as the prime minister and Qi Guoyan Ying as the county magistrate of Dong'a (Northeast A Town, Yanggu County, Shandong Province) are not their proficiency. Official document procedure (Ji Chan was the prime minister of the state of Zheng, appointing talents, domestic harmony, and foreign peace. Yan Ying was the governor of Dongadang County for three years. The monarch Jiang Chujiu reprimanded him, and Yan Ying asked him to correct it. In the second year, Jiang Chujiu Very satisfied. Yan Ying sighed and said: "I educated the people of Dong'an. I didn't accept entrustment or bribe. Instead, you blamed me. Now, I accept both entrustment and bribe, but you praise me greatly!" Jiang Chujiu apologized to him. The above are all from "Shuo Yuan". By the way, "Shuo Yuan" is a textbook created by Liu Gengsheng for political purposes. It is readable but not credible). There is a big difference in age ("Historical Records": The Kingdom of Qin is preparing to join the Kingdom of Yan to attack the Kingdom of Zhao. Gan Luo was twelve years old and went to the Kingdom of Zhao. , "Shuoyuan": Ziqi was 18 years old, and he was the magistrate of Dong'e, and Dong'e was governed). Zhong Jun and Jia Yi became famous all over the world, and they were all around 20 years old ("Hanshu": when Zhong Jun was 18 years old, Asked to join the army, and vowed to bind the king of Nanyue with a long tassel, before offering him to the palace. Liu Che admired his ambition, promoted him to be a commentator, went to the Kingdom of Nanyue to lobby, and the king of Nanyue returned. Jia Yi was eighteen years old and was trusted by Liu Heng, the fifth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty. Refer to 174 years ago). For centuries, the recommendation (tribute) system has never changed. Now, because of one person's suggestion, the traditional regulations have been revised in detail. The benefits are not obvious, and people are dissatisfied. Correcting mistakes or changing routines is an important measure in politics, and the opinions of relevant units were not first sought, and senior officials were not allowed to discuss and study. If the imperial edict is issued and it is not allowed to refute, it will be difficult for the government to implement it; It has been announced. We foolishly believe that this matter should be handed over to civil and military officials, listen to pros and cons, and then make a decision." Liu Bao refused to listen. 8. On the 19th day of the leap December (the original text only writes "Xin Mao". The word "leap month" in the next section, if placed in this section, is more reasonable), the Eastern Han government ordered all counties and states to recommend recommending "filial piety". The age limit for "clean" talents is over 40 years old; Confucian scholars must be proficient in Confucian classics; as current officials, they must be proficient in official document procedures and be able to write letters and memorials before they can participate in the selection.However, if there are special talents, like Yan Hui and Ziqi, there is no age limit. Later, Guangling County (Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province) recommended "Xiaolian" Xu Shu, who was under forty years old.The assistant of the Palace Secretariat (Tai Lang) questioned him, and he said: "The edict clearly states: 'If there are special talents, such as Yan Hui and Ziqi, there is no age limit.' So this county taught me to apply." The assistant could not refute.Zuo Xiong asked him personally: "Yan Hui heard one thing, but know ten things. Xiaolian, you heard one thing, how many things do you know?" Xu Shu was tongue-tied, so she was dismissed and sent back to her hometown. was dismissed together. Yuan Hong said: Promoting a success, establishing a system to manage the world, as the yardstick of everything, must be implementable.Reminders from ancient times: It is not a rigid rule to be an official at the age of forty, you must be forty.It just emphasizes that the age of being an official should be in the middle age (when a person reaches middle age, his mind and insights will reach maturity), so a general indicator is given as a symbol.Yan Hui and Ziqi are a generation of geniuses, but to use them as a comparison, don't you know that they are special exceptions! 9. However, Zuo Xiong is fair and shrewd, able to discern the truth and falsehood of human feelings, and has firm determination.Soon after, Hu Guang became the county magistrate of Jiyin County (Dingtao County, Shandong Province). Together with more than ten county magistrates from other counties, they were all dismissed or deposed because of allegations of false recommendations.Among the recommended "Xiaolian", only Chen Fan from Runan (Northwest Sheqiao Township, Pingyu County, Henan Province), Li Ying from Yingchuan (Yuzhou City, Henan Province), and Chen Qiu from Xiapi (the capital Xiapi) Waiting for more than 30 people, they were appointed as junior guard officers (doctors). Since then, the governors and county chiefs have been deeply afraid, and dare not mess around and engage in rash actions.Until the 1940s, the selection work was always clean and fair, and many talents were recruited for the country. Bo Yang said: "Xiaolian" is a comprehensive appellation of "filial piety" and "cleanness". To the people in the village, ask him to be filial; to the officials in power, ask him to be innocent.The government uses the method of soliciting "filial piety and honesty" to absorb new blood, and at the same time, it tries to establish a standard in the judgment of social value.However, because Xiaolian's political interests were so obvious and effective immediately, abuses abounded soon after. From Zuo Xiong's reform points, we can see where the abuses lie. From then on, although "Xiaolian" was recommended by the local government, After arriving at the central government, they have to pass the exam. As a result, the examination began to show its function in the civil service system, gradually formed a system, and finally evolved into the "imperial examination"-pure examination, as the only channel for ordinary people to be promoted to government officials, with profound and far-reaching influence. 10. On the twenty-eighth day of the second lunar month, a fire broke out in the tomb of the Sixth Emperor (An Emperor) Liu Hu (Gongling, southeast of Mengjin County, Henan Province). 11. Liu Bao heard that Lang Yi (sound yi) from Beihai (the capital of Juxian County) was proficient in the mystical Yin-Yang theory. 1. In spring, the first lunar month, Liu Bao (eighth Emperor Shun) of the Eastern Han Dynasty (capital Luoyang) issued an edict to recruit Lang Yi to inquire about celestial phenomena.Lang Yi wrote: "The Sangong symbolizes the steps in the sky (the mysterious prophecy has various explanations for this sentence that we cannot understand. The "Liufu Jing" that understands a little bit says: steps refer to the three steps in the sky. The upper step is the son of heaven, and the middle step is the son of heaven. The lower ranks are high-ranking officials, and the lower ranks are small people. The third rank is peaceful, and the yin and yang will be smooth, and the wind and rain will be timely), and they are as important as the king in the world. The track of political operation is disordered, and the celestial phenomena must lose their normal order. People in high positions only know Striving for a false name, earning a high salary, never having a sense of urgency, resting when you want to rest, getting sick when you want to get sick, but suddenly received an order and reward, but immediately got up from the sick bed, and all diseases are gone. The disease is so bad It's easy, and the recovery is so fast! How can you use this attitude to eliminate disasters and establish peace? "Now, the candidates for the governor and the county chief are in the charge of the three officials. The secretary of the state and county is incompetent, so of course he blames the governor and the county chief; but if the governor and the county chief have made mistakes, how can we not investigate who is the person who sponsors them? Not only does your majesty not hear If you don't ask, you will love them more and more, and no one will take things seriously. This is exactly what the saying goes: "The big net is sparse, and the small net is dense (generous to the three princes, strict to the governor and county chief)." Sangong , I am not my enemy, and I am not a lunatic going crazy here, so I forgot to eat and eat in anger, and the reason I sincerely stated is just thinking of the government's painstaking efforts to yearn for peace. My pen is presumptuous, even if I am killed, I have no resentment. Therefore, I propose Seven recommendations: "One: The emperor's tomb is on fire. Please remember the hard work of the people and stop repairing it. Second, after the beginning of spring, the climate has changed drastically. Please appoint excellent cadres and strengthen the promotion of the holy king's education. Third, this year is the year of 'Shaoyang' ( What is "Shaoyang"? I don't understand. It must be the nonsense in the mysterious prophecy book, the mysterious divination book, and the mysterious Yin-Yang book. Try to copy a passage from "Yi Xuanji": "Seven, eight, nine, six, etc., found in yarrow, And the names of yin and yang, old and young, are determined at the beginning of the river map. The river map rotates from the left, and the sixth earth is located in the northwest. If it exceeds the sixth earth, there is one person. It is to know that yin is older than sixth, and the ninth day is located in the south. There are two Yan. Therefore, Tian Yang is older than Jiu, and from the sixth and ninth, there is another one in between, so the eighth of the earth should be regarded as Shaoyin, and the seventh of heaven should be regarded as Shaoyang." It was all nonsense. Judging from the tone, " "Shaoyang" probably means "bad luck"), there should be drought in spring and floods in summer. You should follow the previous regulations and practice economy. 4. In August last year, Mars entered and left the constellation of Xuanyuan (do not understand), Your Majesty should choose Palace ladies who meet the release conditions are allowed to marry freely. 5. Last year in leap October (should be the same as December), there was a white gas, from the western heaven, through the left foot, deep into the Yujing star group (do not understand), the beginning of autumn Afterwards, I am afraid that Xiqiang may rebel, so we should warn the counties and counties in advance and take strict precautions. 6. On the 14th day of the first month of this year, which is Yimao Day, the white rainbow will go straight to the sun (the white rainbow is the source of chaos), and all the people in the country should be ordered to Judicial officials, postpone the trial of the lawsuit until after the beginning of autumn. Seventh, since the establishment of the Han Dynasty (the Han Dynasty), it has been three hundred and thirty-nine years (the first 206 years, so far three hundred and thirty-nine years), and it has exceeded three stages , For legal edicts, it should be deleted and changed substantially. A wise king, following the heart of heaven, will take off his green clothes and change to red clothes (kings of the Western Han Dynasty, spring wears green clothes, summer wears red clothes, Wear white clothes in autumn and black clothes in winter). It has been three hundred years since Emperor Wen (the fifth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty Liu Heng) commuted his punishment. Minor faults have long since accumulated into serious crimes. Shengming's law is like the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. It should make it easy for the people to avoid Open, hard to offend." In February, Lang Yi recommended Huang Qiong and Li Gu and asked for promotion.Another suggestion: "From last winter to this spring, there has been no rain. Although there is wind, it is westerly. It is the opposite of normal weather (spring should be easterly). Government officials are worried, praying everywhere, and offering sacrifices to mountains and rivers. Under the scorching sun , work hard to dance the dragon and please the gods. I have heard that the emperor has rich feelings, but he will not accept hypocrisy. Disasters happen because of people, so people have to blame themselves. , isn’t it a bumper harvest every year, and a peaceful and prosperous age, you can wait. From this, we can understand that the reason why the disaster cannot be quelled is because the source of the disease is not here.” After the memorial was submitted, Liu Bao issued an edict to appoint Lang Yi as the junior guard officer (Pharmacist ).Lang Yi claimed to be ill and refused to take up the post. 2. In March, Zhao Chou, the Xiongnu's defense commander (envoy the Xiongnu Zhonglang general), sent a staff officer (in charge) to lead the troops of the Southern Xiongnu (the royal court set up Meiji) to attack the Xianbei tribe (the central part of eastern Inner Mongolia and the area to the north). enemy. 3. In the beginning, the emperor Liu Bao was able to ascend the throne, and the nanny Song E also participated in the coup plot.After the success of the coup, Liu Bao made Song E the Lord of Shanyang ("Jun", female marquis), and Liang Ji, the son of Liang Shang (Liu Bao's father-in-law), the commander of the Luoyang Garrison District in the capital (Jin Wu), the son of Liang Shang (Liu Bao's father-in-law).Zuo Xiong, the secretary-general of the palace (Shang Shuling), submitted the "Secret Proposal" (Secrets) and said: "Emperor Gao (Liu Bang, the first emperor of the Western Han Dynasty) once stipulated that no one whose surname is Liu is not a king, and those who are not meritorious are not to be a king. Hou. Emperor Xiao'an (Liu Hu, the sixth emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty) granted Jiangjing, Wang Sheng and others, which caused earthquake variation (refer to November 121). Nineteen Marquises such as Sun Cheng were conferred in the same year), which caused a solar eclipse mutation. Astronomers and magicians all believe that the inappropriate conferring should be responsible for the celestial phenomenon variation. Now, Qingzhou (northern Shandong Province) is famine, The thieves have not subsided yet, Your Majesty should not follow up and repay the small favors between private individuals, so as to hurt the state's grand ceremony." Liu Bao ignored it.Zuo Xiong then remonstrated and wrote a letter saying: "I have heard that there are no monarchs who do not love loyalty and integrity and dislike flattery and flattery. Because it is difficult to listen to loyal words, but easy to listen to flattery. No one wants to serve a crime and serve a sentence; everyone hopes to be rich and honored, so there are few loyal people in the world who are willing to tell the truth, and many traitors who are willing to flatter horses and lies; the result is that leaders What I hear is always the voice of praise, it is difficult to know my fault, so I am lost in the flattery, unable to wake up, and finally perish. I read Your Majesty's imperial edict, and I will never forget the old virtue and kindness of my nurse Song E, and I want to give it a special reward. However In the archives of the Palace Secretariat (Shangshu), there has never been a precedent for a wet nurse to confer titles. Only when the first emperor (the sixth emperor Liu Hu) granted the title of wet nurse Wang Sheng as the wild king, Wang Sheng spread rumors and framed him, which caused a catastrophe in dismissing the crown prince ( Refer to 124); when alive, the people of the world cursed, and after death, all the people of the world rejoiced. Si Lugui and Zi Shouxin are noble sons of heaven, but even slaves are ashamed to be with them, because they are ruthless and ungrateful Boyi and Shuqi are just lowly people, and princes and princes are vying to imitate them because they have noble morals. Now, Grandma (Song E) practices frugality in person, as an example, leading the world, civil and military officials, and the people of the whole country. Influence. But like Wang Sheng, she was also awarded the title. I am afraid that it violates her integrity, not her wish. I am ignorant, thinking that people with the same heart, the truth will not be too far apart. Song E is uneasy, the same as ancient and modern. Everyone I still have a deep impression of the subversive catastrophe caused by Wang Sheng. The lives of the people are at stake. I have been fearing that history will repeat itself. Suggestion, I will bring it up again today), offering tens of millions of money to my mother (Song E) every year, which is enough to repay the kindness internally, and will not cause panic among the officials and the people externally. Liang Ji's title should not be so hasty, it should wait for the government to handle it Live the disaster and then discuss whether it is feasible." Therefore, Liang Shang resolutely refused his son Liang Ji's title, and wrote more than ten times before Liu Bao agreed. In summer, on April 29, an earthquake occurred in Jingshi (the capital Luoyang). On May 1, Liu Baoming, a senior official, made outspoken criticisms of the government and each recommended a "dunsi" person.Zuo Xiong wrote a letter again, saying: "The first emperor (Liu Hu) conferred the title of king sage and became the king of the wild. The Hanyang (Gangu County, Gansu Province) earthquake (in 123, he was crowned king sage. In December of that year, the capital and the three counties reconciled Earthquake in Fengguo, Hanyang County is one of them). Now, Amu (Song E) is granted the title of Lord of Shanyang, and there is an earthquake in the capital. The government only favors one woman, and the disaster is even greater. I said a lot of blind words before and after, Just to remind Your Majesty that conferring a title is a very serious matter. The king can reward people for personal reasons, but not officials for personal reasons. Please return the title to resolve disasters. Now, Liang Ji has Resignation, my mother should also strengthen her original morality." Zuo Xiong's words were so intense and earnest that Song E also began to feel uneasy and expressed his resignation; but Liu Bao was so attached to him that he finally bestowed the title. 4. At this time, Liu Ju, Minister of Agriculture and Forestry (Da Sinong), was condemned for his business negligence. Emperor Liu Bao summoned him to the Palace Secretariat (Shangshu), yelled at him to leave quickly, and then beat him with a stick.Zuo Xiong wrote: "The position of the Minister (Jiuqing) is second only to the Sangong (Sangong: the Prime Minister, the Supreme Supervisor, and the Commander-in-Chief of the National Armed Forces). The etiquette upbringing. Emperor Xiaoming (Emperor Liu Zhuang, the second emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty) only started to attack high-level officials, which is not an ancient model." Liu Bao adopted it, and since then, he has stopped beating ministers. Bo Yang said: What happened to Liu Shi shocked us a lot.Liu Zhuang beat the officials, or beat them himself, while Liu Ju was obviously beaten in the palace secretariat.Classical Chinese texts often have no subject, or the subject is unknown, requiring guesswork.Therefore, the beating of Liu Shi may have been done by Liu Bao himself, or by officials from the Palace Secretariat.No matter who did it, it is enough to prove that, as a senior ministerial official of the central government, in the eyes of the king, he is just a pig and dog.When happy, put these people on their seats, perform salutary corporals, or reward a few pennies to show their kindness, these people will feel so grateful that intellectuals are really honorable, and they must kill their masters to repay their masters; When the time comes, these people are beaten, and the beating is the lightest.In fact, the beatings in court did not stop here as stated in the history books. Not only did they not stop here, but with the development of the times, they became more cruel.The "Tingzhang" of the Ming Dynasty is a culmination of human humiliation.Not only are human rights not guaranteed, but even a little bit of human dignity is completely destroyed. This is a system issue, and it can only rely on the improvement of the system, not the mercy of the powerful. 5. On May 19, the Supreme Supervisor (Sikong) Wang Gong was dismissed (due to the earthquake). On June 2, the Minister of Sacrifice (Taichang) Kong Fu from Lu State (that is, Lu County, the capital of Donghai State) was appointed as the Supreme Supervisor. 6. On June 8, the Xuande Pavilion (outside the Pingcheng Gate) in Luoyang, the capital, cracked the ground and was eighty-five feet long.Liu Bao was nervous, so he summoned the "sincere" people recommended by civil and military officials, taught them to answer this question, and ordered them to make positive criticisms and suggestions on the current political situation and the government's shortcomings. Li Gu replied: "In the past, Emperor Xiao'an (the sixth emperor Liu Hu) destroyed the traditional system and ennobled the wet nurse (Wang Sheng). This wet nurse made waves and changed the succession status of the crown prince, which put His Majesty in danger and faced difficulties. Now, His Majesty has escaped from hardships and ascended to the throne, and the people of the world look up and open their mouths, longing for good governance. After political corruption reaches the extreme, it is easy to achieve the great cause of ZTE. Sincerely, we should relax our minds and seek reform. However, the people's reaction is that: "The current Things are exactly the same as before.' I am living in the grassy wasteland among the people, and when I heard it, my heart and lungs ached. "Since the establishment of the Han Dynasty (Two Han Dynasties), there have been sages and sages successively for more than three hundred years. There are a total of eighteen kings (1) Liu Bang, the first emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, (2) Liu Ying, the second emperor, (3) Liu Heng, the fifth emperor, and (4) Liu Qi, the sixth emperor. Liu Che for the seventh, Liu Fuling for the eighth, Liu Bingji for the tenth, Liu Shi for the eleventh, Liu Ao for the twelfth, Liu Xin for the thirteenth, Liu Jizi for the fourteenth. Xiu, ⒀ the second Liu Zhuang, ⒁ the third Liu Da, ⒂ the fourth Liu Zhao, ⒃ the fifth Liu Long, ⒄ the sixth Liu Hu, and ⒅ the eighth Liu Bao.—From this number, one more thing is explained, because In the political market, the prices are different sooner or later, and some of the kings were removed from the list) Which one does not have the kindness of breastfeeding? Don’t you know how to give the nurse a noble title? Just because you are afraid of the majesty of heaven, and you are examining the classics, it is absolutely righteous This can’t be done, so I didn’t do it. Now, although Aunt Song has made great achievements in participating in the coup d’état and has the virtue of diligence and prudence, just rewarding her is enough to repay her; The dynasty (the Han Dynasty) never had such a system. "I heard that my mother has a modest temperament. Regarding the matter of being a knight, I expect that she will definitely resign. Your Majesty should fulfill her noble virtues so that she can enjoy the peace of eternal blessings from all directions. The reason why the queen's concubine's family is rarely preserved , not because they are evil in nature, but because they are too honorable, their positions are too high, and they hold power. Heaven hates Man Ying, and if they don’t know how to restrain themselves, they will definitely fall down. The first emperor (Liu Hu) loved Queen Yan and promoted him to Her family, her family rose too fast, and the title of knighthood came too hastily, and as a result, the heel turned around, and catastrophe came (Yan's family was destroyed, refer to November 125). "Li Er said: 'If you advance too fast, you must retreat quickly.' Now, Liang Shang's daughter (Liang Yu) is the queen, and the etiquette stipulates that the emperor does not regard his wife's parents as his subjects, so he was awarded a high-ranking title, and also It makes sense. What shouldn't be is that the younger generations of the Liang family are all high-ranking and famous. In the 1950s and 1970s (the era of the second emperor Liu Zhuang and the third emperor Liu Da), there was no such phenomenon. “所以，陛下最好是命步兵指挥官（步兵校尉）梁冀跟梁姓家族中担任宫廷随从（侍中）的人，仍退回到原来的禁宫侍从宦官（黄门）位置，使皇后娘家人不掌握权力，而把权力交给君王，岂不是一项美政。又，陛下诏令，规定宫廷秘书（尚书）、宫廷随从（侍中），宫中服务的其他官员子弟们，不准参加'孝廉'的推荐保举，因为他们拥有权势，容易接受请托。可是，寝殿侍奉宦官（中常侍），比上述官员更接近权力中心，声势可以使天下震动，子弟们前途无限，想当什么官就可当什么官，即令外表上不做任何请托，不干预州郡行政，但谄媚马屁之徒，自会望风行事，主动荐举。所以，寝殿侍奉宦官子弟，也应该跟上述官员子弟一样，禁止参与推荐保举。 “从前，馆陶公主（刘红夫）代她的儿子要求当一名初级禁卫官（郎），明帝（二任帝刘庄）拒绝，只赏赐钱币千万（参考七五年）。他之所以不在乎巨额赏赐，而在乎小小官位，是因为任官如果不用人才，将为人民带来灾难。我从侧面听说，长水外籍兵团军政官（长水司马）武宣、开阳门（洛阳南面东头第一门）守卫官（门候）羊迪等，既没有特别功劳，又没有特别品德，更没有经过法定的试用代理阶段，一到差便是实任；这虽然是小小的过失，但传统制度却从此受到破坏。 “历代圣明君王所制定的法令规章，后世都应该坚决遵守，无论行政或教化，一旦受到损伤，一百年都不能复原。说：'上天乖戾昏乱／人民劳苦悲叹。'（凡国国君讥刺周王朝十任厉王姬胡的诗句）用以讽刺周王朝国王改变祖宗法令规章，致使人民受到痛苦。而今，陛下之有宫廷秘书，犹如上天之有北斗。北斗是上天的喉舌，宫廷秘书也是陛下的喉舌。北斗掌握元气，运行四时（北斗七星如何有这种功能，我们不知道。且抄一段《后汉书·天文志》供读者参考：“斗为帝车，运乎中央，临制四方。分阴阳，建四时，均五行，移节度，定诸纪；皆系于斗。”）；而宫廷秘书，接受天下奏章，转达君王诏令，广达四海，权力至大，形势至重，责任至巨。如果不能心平气和，公平正直，灾难一定降临。所以，宫廷秘书人选，必须恰当妥善，才能襄助君王，推行善政。 “跟陛下共同治理国家的官员，政府系统有三公、部长、宫廷秘书，宫廷系统有寝殿侍奉宦官（中常侍）、禁宫侍从宦官（黄门）；这就好像一个大门之内的一家之事，平安时大家共同享福，危险时大家共同受害。（胡三省原注：这项议论，在小人充满政府之时提出，委曲婉转，十分得当。可是，仍然被认为太过刚直，不能容忍。可悲。）州长（刺史）、郡长（二千石），对外代表中央政府行事，对内受中央政府约束。标杆不正，测出的日影必然歪斜；源头清澈的，水流也必然洁净；犹如敲击树根，整棵树的枝叶都会摇动。由此观察，国家号令，岂容差错！ “维持国家社会的正常秩序，是当今最重要的任务。君王管理国家，犹如河川之有堤防；堤防完整，虽遇到连绵大雨，不会成灾；政治教化一经确立，即令遭逢凶年，也不必忧虑。假如堤防泄漏或洞穿，虽万人同心合力，也难拯救；政治教化一旦崩坏，集合所有圣贤的智能，终不能恢复原状。现在，堤防虽然坚固，已渐渐被凿出孔穴。好像一个人的身体，中央是心脏，州郡是四肢，心脏发生毛病，四肢不能举动。我所忧虑的，是心脏的毛病，不是四肢的毛病。 “如果巩固堤防，推广政治教化，先整顿中央，使心脏健全，虽有盗匪贼寇、水灾旱灾，不足介意。如果堤防瓦解，心脏无力，即令没有水灾旱灾，国家前途，照样使人担心。最后，我建议，最好是罢黜宦官，削减他们的权力，仅保留品德方正的寝殿侍奉宦官（常侍）二人，在左右听候驱使；再保留聪明而有风度的禁宫贴身侍从宦官（小黄门）五人，在后宫服务。如此，批评自会停止，太平日子可以来到。” *Fan Ye said: 西汉王朝时，寝殿侍奉宦官（中常侍）用宦官也用普通人。东汉王朝建立之初，则全用宦官，在诸殿之间，奔走服役。一世纪六〇年代二任帝刘庄时，才开始有固定员额，计：寝殿侍奉宦官四人、禁宫贴身侍从宦官（小黄门）十人。四任帝刘肇即位，窦宪兄弟专揽大权，整天跟皇帝在一起的，都是宦官，所以郑众能够在宫中，单独进行密谋，铲除巨奸，更因之受到封爵采邑的赏赐，荣誉超过皇后宫总管（大长秋，宦官官职中阶级最高的职位）；宦官地位，于是提高。自二任帝刘庄起（五八年），直到一〇六年，宦官渐受重用，名额也不断增加，寝殿侍奉宦官增为十人，禁宫贴身侍从宦官增为二十人，而且兼任政府单位管理官（署）。皇太后邓绥，以女主人身份，主持政府，处理万种机要，但无法参加政府文武官员的讨论和高官会议，邓绥不得不依靠宦官，把国家命脉，交到他们手中。于是，宦官也者，手里掌握封王封侯的权力，口中代替皇帝发言，已经不再是专门在深宫闺房之内当差的仆役了。 扶风（陕西省兴平市）郡政府行政官（功曹）马融回答：“现在，法令规章，四时禁制，凡是可以承受天命，顺应民心的，都已具备，而且完整，不能再有增添。可是，上天仍认为有不公平之处，人民仍然嗟叹抱怨，原因何在？在于：人民只听到中央厉行善政的声音，却没有看到厉行善政的行动。古代所谓家给户足，并不是说每家都能如此，而只是酌量民间财富，为他们定下适当的捐税。所以，嫁娶节俭，男女都负担得起，就可以及时婚配；葬礼简单，死者家人都负担得起，就可以及时掩埋；不剥夺农夫耕耘收割的时间（在这个时间内，不征调农夫充当民夫差役），则农夫才能有所收益。有妻子儿女的牵挂，有不动产的财富，抛弃这些而去为非作歹的人，即令有，也不会多。” 天文台长（太史令）南阳（河南省南阳市）人张衡回答：“自从有'孝廉'这个科目，迄今已二百年之久（前一三四年，西汉七任帝刘彻命官员推荐“孝廉”，整二百六十七年），都把'孝行'作为根本。有了'孝行'后，仍有余力，才再追求学问。去年（一三二年）闰十二月十九日诏书，征求'孝廉'人才时，却仅要求读通经书，会写公文。结果是，即令有最可钦敬的孝行，也没有资格人选，这是弃本逐末的办法。曾参对爹娘至孝，可是天性朴实，学问造诣不如言偃、卜商，行政能力不如冉有、仲由（以上四人，都是孔丘门徒）。而现在却盼望一个人兼备这些本领，纵然外表可观，内在必有欠缺，岂不是跟推荐'孝廉'的本意完全违背？而且郡长和封国宰相，掌握权力，有安定社会的责任，是国家高级重要官员，却一下子罢黜了十余人之多（指去年更换济阴郡郡长胡广等），官吏人民，送旧官迎新官，疲于奔命，公私浪费。有些人有很好的治绩，人民敬重，却因一点小错免职，这是强夺人民的父母，使人民哭号的措施。上说：'不要走得太远才回头。'上说：'不要害怕改正过失。'连朋友相交，都没有隔夜不忘的仇恨，何况君王承受天命，治理万物，以天下为公！近年以来，天上出现妖星（胡三省引《古今注》：“本年四月壬寅日，太白昼见。五月癸巳日，又昼见。”但四月辛未朔，没有壬寅日。五月庚子朔，没有癸巳日），下界发生地震。上天的警告，十分明显，令人寒心。聪明的人，在灾祸还没有萌芽时，便使它消失；而今，灾祸已现，应该急忙整顿政治，心怀恐惧，才会转祸为福。”刘保看到大家的对策试卷，指定李固居第一名。立即请奶娘宋娥出宫，回到她自己的家；所有寝殿侍奉宦官全向刘保叩头，请求恕罪；一时之间，政府法纪肃然。刘保遂任命李固当参议官（议郎）。可是，宋娥和宦官，对李固痛恨非常，一连发出匿名黑信，把李固网罗在罪案之中（史书没有记载何种罪案）。刘保下令严办，诏书没有经过宫廷秘书署（尚书），而直接下达主管单位，情势凶险。农林部长（大司农）南郡（湖北省江陵县）人黄尚等，请求首都洛阳警备区司令（执金吾）梁商营救；宫廷秘书署执行官（尚书仆射）黄琼，再上书辩明事实真相。很久之后，才告平息，遂任命李固当雒县（四川省广汉县）县长。李固放弃官位，回故乡汉中（陕西省汉中市）。 马融博学，精通儒家学派经典，能写出文字优美的奏章，也被任命当参议官（议郎）。 张衡擅长撰写文章，精通儒家学派六经（《书经》《礼经》《乐经》《春秋》），虽然才华盖世，但毫不骄傲。更通晓机械，对天文、阴阳、历法、算术，深有心得；制造“浑天仪”（“浑天仪”是一种研究天象的精密仪器，古书上说，在公元前二十七世纪黄帝王朝时，便有浑天仪，但不可靠。张衡的浑天仪是铜做的，放在御用天文台之上），著《灵宪》（天文学）。张衡性情恬淡，不羡慕世俗所贵重的官爵财富；所以，他担任官职，多少年都不见升迁。 7、全国武装部队总司令（太尉）庞参，在三公之中，声名最为忠直，刘保的左右不断诋毁他。正好，庞参所推荐的人，犯了刘保的大忌，京畿总卫戍司令（司隶）看准风向，提出弹劾。 这时，正逢部长级以上高级官员定期跟“茂才”“孝廉”会晤（东汉王朝各郡和各封国，每年保荐的“茂才”“孝廉”，都要跟随呈送年终报告的专差，前往首都洛阳。三公跟部长们集合一起，听取陈述，“茂才”“孝廉”一起参与），庞参正被弹劾，因而声称有病，没有出席。广汉郡（四川省绵阳市）奏事秘书（上计掾）段恭，在会场上得到消息，上书说：“我自己亲耳听到，道路上行旅以及田间农夫或从事纺织的妇女，都说：'总司令（太尉）庞参，竭尽赤诚，只因为好说实话，不肯昧心，在鲨鱼群中，遂陷于孤立，站在被中伤的位置。'邪恶陷害忠良，是天地间最大的禁忌，更是人主最大的戒律。从前，白起被逼自杀（参考前二五七年），各国君王饮酒祝贺。姬友归来，鲁国人高兴他拯救危难（公元前七世纪三〇年代，鲁国十六任国君姬同，有兄一人：姬庆父；弟二人：姬牙、姬友。前六六二年，姬同逝世，姬牙准备拥立姬庆父继位；姬友遂毒死姬牙。姬庆父谋杀姬同的儿子姬般，姬友出奔陈国。前六六〇年，姬庆父又杀十八任国君姬启，引起贵族愤怒，姬庆父出奔莒国，姬友才由陈国回鲁国，收拾残局）。国家依靠贤能，才能治理，君王依靠忠心，才能安全；而今，天下都庆幸陛下有庞参这样贤能和忠心的辅佐。但愿陛下宠爱他、信住他，使祭祀天地的神坛（象征国家），永远矗立。” 奏章呈上去后，刘保派禁宫贴身侍从宦官代表皇帝向庞参问候病情，并派御医诊治，赏赐羔羊美酒。后来，庞参的后妻厌恶前妻的儿子，把那孩子投到水井谋杀。洛阳县长祝良，向刘保弹劾庞参犯罪。 秋季，七月二十日，庞参遂以天变灾异的原因免职。 8、八月一日，任命藩属事务部长（大鸿胪）施延，当全国武装部队总司令。 9、鲜卑部落（内蒙古东部中部及以北地区）攻击马城（河北省怀安县），代郡（山西省阳高县）郡长反击，不能取胜。不久，鲜卑部落酋长其至鞬逝世，对内地的抢劫，较前要少。 1、夏季，四月，车师后国（新疆吉木萨尔县南）汉朝屯垦兵团军政官（司马），率领车师后王加特奴，突击北匈奴汗国（王庭设新疆阿尔泰山南麓）基地阊吾陆谷（今地不详），大破匈奴，俘虏北匈奴单于的娘亲。 2、五月四日，东汉王朝（首都洛阳）皇帝（八任顺帝）刘保（本年二十岁）下诏：春夏一连大旱，赦天下。刘保亲到德阳殿（在北宫）东厢庭院中露天而坐，祈求上天降雨。 刘保因宫廷秘书（尚书）周举才学俱优，特别询问他的意见，周举上书说：“我曾经听说，阴阳如果隔绝，则二气一定闭塞。陛下废弃文帝（西汉五任帝刘恒）、光武（东汉一任帝刘秀）所建立的节约风范，却走上促使秦王朝灭亡的奢侈道路；宫廷内宫女太多，而宫廷外适婚年龄找不到对象的男子，同样也太多。自从旱灾形成，已经过了整整一年，还没有听说陛下有改过的行动。而今，徒使陛下以至尊之体，暴露在烈阳风尘之中，我认为，对人民并没有裨益。陛下一味在表面上下工夫，而不去追寻祸根，好像爬到树上捉鱼，也好像向后倒走，却希望前进一样。现在唯一的方法是：用至诚的信心，改革内政，遵守正轨制度，解除人民困惑；后宫中凡是没有陪皇上上过床的美女，应该释放；御厨房重重叠叠的山珍海味，太过浪费，应该免除。说：'阳感天，不旋日（皇帝为善一日，上天回应一日）。'请陛下留意裁夺。” 刘保召见周举，当面询问政治上的得失。周举回答：“对官员的任命，应特别慎重。排除贪污，疏远奸佞。”刘保问：“谁在贪污？谁是奸佞？”周举说：“我从外州刚被擢升到中央机要位置（周举原是冀州州长，征调中央），还没有能力评论文武百官。然而，三公部长中，不断直率批评政府的，是忠贞。只看风向，顺着颜色附和阿谀的，是奸佞。” 天文台长（太史令）张衡也上书说：“前年（一三二年），京师（首都洛阳）地震，土地崩裂。土地崩裂，显示权力分割；地震，促使人民惊扰。我深怕陛下厌倦处理政务，有些事情，自己不做裁决；或由于不忍心处罚宠爱的人，导致权力他移，跟左右共享。而权力不可以分割，恩德也不可以共有。但愿陛下思虑古人所制定的规章，千万不要使'刑德八柄'，脱离君王之手（《周礼》载：君王用八种手段控制臣僚：一、爵位，使他尊贵。二、俸禄，使他富有。三、赏赐，使他欢喜。四、安置，使他行动。五、安全，使他享福。六、剥夺，使他贫穷。七、罢黜，使他不敢犯罪。八、诛杀，使他不敢叛逆）。然后，神圣的威严，获得充实，灾难自不会来临。” 张衡认为东汉王朝建立以来，儒家学派学者，争相研究神秘预言书（图纬），是一种病态，上书说：“《春秋元命包》（神秘预言书之一）上，曾提到公输班跟墨翟，他们都是战国时代的人；又提到益州，而益州的设立，发生在西汉王朝（益州跟益州郡不是一回事，古书往往只写“益州”，增加阅读困难。前一〇九年，置益州郡。前一〇六年，置益州）。而刘更生（刘向）、刘歆（刘秀）父子，主管皇家图书馆，校订群书（参考前二六年），核定九大学派的学说（儒家、道家、阴阳家、法家、名家、墨家、纵横家、杂家、农家），并没有发现神秘预言书。由此可以推断：神秘预言书，大概出现于前一世纪九〇年代及二世纪最初十年，都是一些虚妄的知识分子，用来盗名骗财的玩意，诈欺的意图，非常明显，政府却没有禁止。而且，历法、八卦、星象（九宫）、风角（用五音测定风位而定吉凶），所作预测，曾不断应验，世人不肯用心学习，却争相传颂毫无根据而又绝对不会应验的神秘预言，好像画家不去画狗画马，却大画特画鬼怪，只因具体的东西不容易传神，而谁都没有见过鬼怪，可以信笔涂鸦对神秘预言书，政府应一律收缴查禁，使朱色和紫色不能混渚，圣人经典不致受到玷污。” 3、秋季，七月，钟羌部落（青海省泽库县一带）酋长良封等，再攻击陇西（甘肃省临洮县）、汉阳（甘肃省甘谷县）。刘保下诏：任命前西羌保安司令（校尉）马贤当皇家礼宾官（谒者），负责镇压安抚。 冬季，十月，西羌保安司令（护羌校尉）马续，派军攻击良封，获胜。 4、十一月十一日，宰相（司徒）刘崎、最高监察长（司空）孔扶免职，这是采纳周举的建议。 十一月十四日，擢升农林部长（大司农）黄尚当宰相，宫廷禁卫官司令（光禄勋）河东（山西省夏县）人王卓当最高监察长。 5、耿贵人不断替她娘家人求情，刘保下诏封耿宝的儿子耿箕当牟平侯（耿宝贬死事，参考一二五年）。 1、春季，北匈奴汗国（王庭设新疆阿尔泰山南麓）呼衍王，侵袭车师后国（新疆吉木萨尔县南）。东汉王朝（首都洛阳）皇帝（八任顺帝）刘保（本年二十一岁）命敦煌郡（甘肃省敦煌市）郡长派军援助，战事不利。 2、二月十六日，开天辟地第一遭，让宦官养子继承爵位。 最初，刘保取得帝位，全靠宦官的力量（参考一二五年），宦官遂受特别宠信，干预政治。监察官（御史）张纲上书抗议说：“我在历史上发现，文、明二位皇帝（文帝，西汉五任帝刘恒。明帝，东汉二任帝刘庄），品德教化，最有成就。寝殿侍奉宦官（中常侍），不过二人。赏赐最宠爱的亲近，黄金不过数十两。珍惜政府开支，重视人民生活，所以人民家家富足。可是，最近几年，没有功劳的小人，都得到官位爵位，这不是爱护人民、尊重宝座、承顺天心的方法。”奏章呈上去后，刘保不理。张纲，是张皓的儿子（张皓事，参考一二四年）。 3、旱灾。 4、皇家礼宾官（谒者）马贤，攻击并大破钟羌部落（青海省泽库县一带）。 5、夏季，四月五日，全国武装部队总司令（太尉）施延免职。 6、四月十九日，擢升首都洛阳警备区司令（执金吾）梁商（梁皇后老爹），当全国最高统帅（大将军）；前全国武装部队总司令庞参，再当总司令。梁商声称有病，不能起床，坚决辞让，这样僵持了一年。刘保命祭祀部长（太常）桓焉，把任官令送到梁商家，梁商