Chapter 14 1990s (1990-1999)

1. In spring, on the twenty-sixth day of the first lunar month, the government of the Eastern Han Dynasty (the capital Luoyang) pardoned the world. 2. On February 2nd, a solar eclipse. 3. In summer, on May 7th, Emperor Liu Zhao (12 years old this year) of the Eastern Han Dynasty (fourth Hedi) made his younger brother Liu Shou the king of Jibei (the capital Lu County), and Liu Kai the king of Hejian (the capital Le Cheng), Liu Shu was the king of Chengyang (the capital Chengyang).The former Huaiyang (Qing) King (capital Chen County) Liu Zang (refer to July 1987) son Liu Chuang became Changshan King (capital Yuanshi).

4. Dou Xian sent the deputy commander (deputy school lieutenant) Yan Long (pronounced long. Suspected to be Yan Pan in Jiluo Mountain), leading more than 2,000 cavalry, to attack the Northern Huns stationed in Yiwu (Hami City, Xinjiang) ( The royal court set up a reclamation corps near the West Sea, the Northern Huns were defeated, and the Eastern Han Dynasty occupied Yiwu again (in 1976, the Eastern Han Dynasty abandoned Yiwu for fifteen years).The state of Cheshi (referring to the former and latter countries) was terrified, and the former king of Cheshi (Turpan City, Xinjiang) and the queen king of Cheshi (south of Jimsar County, Xinjiang) all sent princes to the Han Dynasty as hostages.

5. The king of the Yuezhi Kingdom (capital Lanshicheng) asked to marry the princess of the Han Dynasty, but Ban Chao refused and detained the envoys of the Yuezhi Kingdom.King Yueshi was furious, and sent his deputy Wang Xie (surname unknown) to lead an army of 70,000 to attack Ban Chao.Banchao's troops were too few, and the crowd panicked.Ban Chao informed the soldiers, saying: "Although the Yue family has many soldiers and generals, they have trekked for more than a thousand miles and crossed the Congling (Pamir Plateau) without logistical supplies. What is there to worry about? As long as the walls are clear and the fields are cleared, all the crops in the fields can be harvested." , guarding the castle, they are starving, and they will disintegrate, but within a few dozen days, we can see the outcome."

Xie led the Yuezhi corps to attack Ban Chao, and Ban Chao stood firm. The Yuezhi corps could not win and had nowhere to get food and fodder, so they became nervous.Ban Chao calculated that the enemy was about to run out of food and fodder, and he would definitely buy it from the country of Qiuci (Kucha County, Xinjiang), so he laid an ambush with hundreds of people on the main east road.Xie really sent cavalry, carrying gold, silver, treasures, jewels and jade, to Kucha.The ambush rose, killed all the purchasing troops, and showed Xie the head of the envoy.Xie was taken aback, and sent someone to apologize and plead guilty, please let them live.Ban Chao allowed.From then on, the Yuezhi Kingdom treated China differently and paid tribute every year.

6. In the beginning, Liu Ji (the great-grandson of Liu Xiu’s brother Liu Yan, the former emperor Liu Xiu) died without heirs.The third emperor, Liu Da, believed that his uncle Liu Yan was the first to create the foundation of the dynasty, but the title of knighthood was interrupted, and he felt pity in his heart.When he was about to die, the imperial edict restored Qi State (the capital Linzi) and Beihai State as two feudal states. On May 18th, Liu Zhao named Liu Wuji, Marquis of Wuhu, the King of Qi (the capital Linzi), and Liu Wei (Liu Ji's younger brother), the concubine of Beihai (respect) King Liu Mu (Liu Ji's father), succeeded him as the "King of Beihai".

7. On June 12, Liu Yan, King of Zhongshan (Jian) ​​(capital Lunu) died.Liu Yan is the younger brother of Liu Qiang (former Crown Prince) King of the East China Sea (Gong) (the capital of Lu County) (the two were both born to Guo Shengtong), and Empress Dowager Dou is Liu Qiang's granddaughter (empress Dowager Dou's mother, is Liu Qiang’s daughter, Princess Bianyang), so the reward was particularly generous, with 100 million yuan for the funeral ceremony. In order to build a huge tomb, more than a thousand tombs of other officials or people nearby were eradicated, and there were more than 10,000 craftsmen. The dispatch affects six states and eighteen counties.

8. An edict was issued to make Dou Xian the champion, Dou Du the Yan Marquis, and Dou Yu the Xia Yang Marquis.Only Dou Xian refused to accept the title. 9. In autumn, on July 7th, Dou Xian entered Liangzhou (Gansu Province), preparing to attack the northern Huns again.Deng Die, a court attendant (servant), was appointed as the deputy commander of the Western Expedition Corps (Xingzheng General). 10. Shanyu (unknown name) of the Northern Huns Khanate repatriated his younger brother as a hostage due to the Eastern Han government. In September, he sent an envoy to the northern frontier to express his surrender and request permission to enter the pilgrimage.

In winter, in October, Dou Xian sent Ban Gu and Liang Tun to go out to welcome the Northern Huns Shanyu.However, the Shanyu (thirty-year-old) of the Southern Huns did not allow the Eastern Han Dynasty to do this, and then wrote a letter requesting to send out a large army to destroy the Northern Huns.On the one hand, they sent Zuoguli King Suoda's son and others to lead more than 8,000 cavalry from Zuobaliang to go out of Jilusai (70 kilometers northwest of Dengkou County, Inner Mongolia).Geng Tan, commander of the Xiongnu's defense assistance (General Zhonglang), sent a staff officer (engagement) as a military adviser to surprise the Huns in the north.In the middle of the night, they arrived at the northern Xiongnu Shanyu Yuzhang (the location is unknown today) and were surrounded.Shanyu of the Northern Xiongnu started a fierce battle and was seriously injured, only escaping with one life.The Southern Huns captured five men, women and men below the Queen of the Northern Xiongnu (Yanshi), killed more than 8,000 people, and captured thousands of people alive.

Ban Gu waited until the private canal Beidahai (Benchagan Lake, southwest of Bayanhongor City, Mongolia), and returned empty-handed. At this time, the power of the Southern Huns Khanate was growing, with 34,000 households and 50,000 active combat troops. 1. In spring, on the 19th day of the first lunar month, Liu Zhao (the fourth emperor) of the Eastern Han Dynasty (the capital city of Luoyang) Liu Zhao (thirteen years old this year), followed the "Etiquette of the Han Dynasty" formulated by Cao Bao (refer to 1987). At the crowning ceremony, Cao Bao was promoted to be the chief officer of the left wing of the Habayashi Army (the left supervisor of the Habayashi Army, with an annual salary of 600 shi).

2. Dou Xian, the supreme commander of the country, is determined to take advantage of the weakness of the Northern Huns (Wang Ting located near the West Sea) to wipe them out in one fell swoop. In February, Geng Kui, the commander of the left wing, and Ren Shang, the military and political officer (Sima), were sent to lead a large army out of Yansai (Ejina Banner, Inner Mongolia) to attack Jinwei Mountain (Altai Mountain, Mongolia), and put the North Shan in the north. (name unknown) encircled and defeated the main force of Beichanyu, captured Beichanyu's mother-in-law, the Empress Dowager (mother's family), and beheaded more than 5,000 people under the king.Bei Danyu fled in a hurry and disappeared.The expeditionary forces of the Eastern Han Dynasty traveled more than 5,000 li before they could take the lead.Since China sent troops in the Han Dynasty, it has never attacked so far this time, reaching places it has never reached before.The Eastern Han government granted Geng Kui the title of Marquis of Suyi.

Bo Yang said: Wars between Chinese and foreigners are often limited to frontiers and rarely affect the world situation.However, the battle of Jinweishan was not only important to the Han Dynasty, but also enabled the Han Dynasty to relieve the threat of the Huns that had lasted for 300 years, and took a big breath.It seems that China was luckier than Rome. In the end, Rome was still at the hands of the northern barbarians. Although China suffered a lot from the northern powers, it was still able to get rid of them in the end.For the Western world, the battle of Jinweishan is even more important.The remnants of the Northern Huns Khanate could not gain a foothold in Mobei, so they wandered west.The time of wandering was so long that it was out of the scope of Chinese history and no written records were left.However, three hundred years later, the revived and re-empowered Northern Huns Khanate finally drifted 4,000 kilometers away by air and arrived at the northern shore of the Black Sea, triggering a domino-style migration of ethnic groups.The Visigoth tribe, who originally lived on the northern shore of the Black Sea, could not bear the pressure of the Northern Huns and invaded the upper reaches of the Danube westward.The Vandal tribe, who originally lived in the upper reaches of the Danube, could not bear the pressure of Sigoth and invaded the Roman Empire westward.Rome finally fell in the hands of these barbaric peoples who came from mountains and seas. Since then, the northern Huns have disappeared from Chinese history. Except for occasional intermittent information, only the southern Huns remain and will always be China's vassals.This powerful force that once made China humiliated and bowed has continued to exist in form for more than a hundred years, but it no longer occupies an important position.In the second decade of the third century, its last (forty-two) Chanyu went to Yecheng (Nanxi Ye Town, Linzhang County, Hebei Province) to meet Cao Cao, who left him behind.The Huns Khanate finally died in name and in reality. 3. Dou Xian has established great achievements, and his prestige is even more shocking inside and outside.Geng Kui and Ren Shang were his assistants, Deng Die and Guo Huang were his confidants, and Ban Gu and Fu Yi were responsible for writing articles.Most of the governors (inspectors) of the states, the chiefs of the counties (shou), and the magistrates (orders) of the counties are mostly recommended by the Dou family.Forced expropriation and extortion, and engaged in bribery together. Prime Minister (Situ) Yuan An, Supreme Supervisor (Sikong) Ren Wei, once impeached ministers, county chief (two thousand stone) officials, and other officials involved, as many as 40 people were demoted or dismissed. It aroused the anger and resentment of Dou Jiaban.However, Yuan An and Ren Wei's prestige is too high, and there is nothing they can do about it. Le Hui, the executive officer of the Palace Secretariat (Shangshu Pushe), supervises and reports, and does not avoid the powerful. Dou Xian hates him very much.Le Hui wrote: "Your Majesty (Liu Zhao) is young and inherits the royal family. As an uncle, he should not control the center and show his selfishness to the world. At present, the only way is to let the superiors use righteousness to cut off love, or let the people who are in power The lower ones resign humbly. Only the four uncles (Dou Xian, Dou Du, Dou Jing, and Dou Yu) can maintain their titles and the glory of the country for a long time, and the empress dowager (Empress Dowager Dou) can never worry about disappointing the ancestors. , which is the most appropriate and superior measure." After the memorial was submitted, there was no comment.Le Hui said he was sick, please retire and return to his hometown Changling (northeast of Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province).Dou Xian hinted to the state and county officials that the state and county officials oppressed Le Hui, and Le Hui committed suicide by taking poison.This matter made the government officials terrified, and they looked at the wind and shouted together, and no one dared to go against it again. Yuan An is because the emperor Liu Zhao is still young, and the empress's family (Dou Jiaban) has exclusive power.Every time I meet with the court, I can't help crying when I talk about national affairs with ministers.From the emperor to the ministers, they all rely on Yuan An. 4. In winter, on October 12th, Liu Zhao went to Chang'an (Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province) and issued an edict to search for the descendants of Xiao He and Cao Can (Xiao He and Cao Can were both prime ministers of the Western Han Dynasty, refer to 198 and 19 three years), those who can inherit the title will be rewarded with fiefs. 5. Liu Zhao issued an edict ordering Dou Xian to meet in Chang'an. When Dou Xian arrived in Chang'an, officials below the palace secretary planned to bow down to Dou Xian and bow down and call him "Long Live".Han Leng, the secretary of the palace, said seriously: "When you associate with noble people, you must not be flattering. When you associate with poor and lowly people, you must not be disrespectful." , there is no reason to say long live." The person who advocated felt ashamed, so he stopped talking.Wang Long, the memorial record officer of the Palace Secretariat (Shangshu Zuocheng), privately submitted a memorandum to Dou Xian, and presented delicacies from mountains and seas.Han Leng proposed impeachment and sentenced Wang Long to hard labor. 6. Countries such as Qiuci (Kucha County, Xinjiang), Gumo (northwest of Aksu City, Xinjiang), and Wensu (Wush County, Xinjiang) all belonged to the Eastern Han government. In December, the Eastern Han government established the Governor of the Western Regions (Duhu), the Cavalry Director (Qi Duwei), and the Wuji Commander (Wuji Xiaowei).Ban Chao was appointed as the governor of the Western Regions (duhu), and Xu Qian was appointed as the chief of staff (long history). Feng Baiba, the prince sent by Qiuci as a hostage, became the king of Qiuci, and sent a military and political officer (Sima) Yao Guang to escort him back to the country. Together with Yao Guang, Ban Chao coerced the Kucha government, deposed King Yuliduo, and welcomed Bai Ba.And Yao Guang escorted the deposed king Yuliduo to Luoyang, the capital. Ban Chao was stationed in Tagancheng (southwest of Xinhe County, Xinjiang), and Xu Gan was stationed in Shule (Kashgar City, Xinjiang).Only Yanqi (Yanqi County, Xinjiang), Weixu (Heshuo County, Xinjiang), and Yuli (Bohu County, Xinjiang) were still on the sidelines of the Eastern Han Dynasty because they had beheaded the governor of the Eastern Han Dynasty (refer to 1975).The other countries in the Western Regions (Xinjiang and eastern Central Asia) all belonged to them. 7. On December 10, Liu Zhao returned to the capital Luoyang from Chang'an. 8. In the beginning, since the Shanyu of the Northern Huns fled to the northwest, his younger brother Youguli King Shudanyu Chuqian, who called himself Shanyu, led thousands of people to the Pulei Sea (Balikun Lake in the northwest of Balikun County, Xinjiang) Grazing, sent envoys to the Eastern Han frontier to request surrender.Dou Xian advocated sending envoys to make him Shanyu, and set up a defense commander (General Zhonglang) for the northern Huns to assist in defense and protection, just like the treatment of the southern Huns. Liu Zhao ordered the three princes and ministerial officials to discuss Dou Xian's proposal.Song You and others agreed, while Yuan An and Ren Wei opposed it. They believed that the reason why Liu Xiu (the first emperor) appeased the Southern Huns was not to allow them to stay forever, but only a temporary short-range measure to defend the Northern Huns. South invasion.Now that the northern desert (Hanhai Desert) has been pacified, the Southern Huns should be ordered to return to his original northern royal court (the city of Harhelin in Mongolia) to rule over his tribe. There is no reason to seal another kingdom. It is only a waste of national resources to eliminate the Tartars. After the two opinions were reported, they were waiting for the ruling.Yuan An was afraid that Dou Xian's suggestion would be approved, so he acted alone, and submitted a "Secret Proposal" (seal), saying: "The father of the Southern Xiongnu Chanyu (thirty) Duan Tun Tu He, led the troops , surrendered to our country, and received the great kindness of our country for more than forty years (in 1948, Hu Hanxie Shanyu went to the Eastern Han Dynasty, so far forty-four years). After three emperors (one was Liu Xiu, two were Ren Liu Zhuang, third Liu Da), and handed over to His Majesty (fourth Liu Zhao). Your Majesty should recall the intentions of the ancestors and complete their unfinished business. The main thing is that Nandanyu Tuantun Tu He First of all, we proposed to launch an extermination attack on the Northern Huns (refer to July 1988), and indeed wiped out the Northern Huns. At this time, we stopped the operation and instead established a new Shanyu. It is only for a temporary Convenience, actually overthrew the plans of the three emperors, lost faith in Nan Danyu, who relied on us, and cultivated a puppet who was of no help to us. Said: "Speak loyally and faithfully, act cautiously, even if you go to the wilderness, you can still pass without hindrance." If one of the barbarians breaks the promise of Tuhe, the other 100 barbarians will no longer dare to believe in our country's promise. At the same time, Wuhuan (northern Hebei Province) and Xianbei (upper reaches of the West Liao River in Inner Mongolia) have just beheaded the Northern Xiongnu Shanyu ( Refer to 1987), it is human nature to be afraid of the enemy. Once the brother of the fallen enemy Shanyu is crowned, Wuhuan and Xianbei must have resentment. Moreover, the Eastern Han government spent more than 100.9 million yuan a year on the supply of the Southern Xiongnu Shanyu In terms of Western Regions (Xinjiang and Eastern Central Asia), the annual expenditure is 74.8 million. The royal court of the Northern Xiongnu Shanyu is farther away, and the cost is bound to double. It will definitely squeeze out the wealth of the country, which is not the correct decision.” Yuan An's memorial was then submitted to a meeting of senior officials for discussion.Yuan An and Dou Xian debated and challenged each other.Relying on his power, Dou Xian made a personal attack on Yuan An with his domineering momentum and arrogant words.Finally, the threat brought up the story of Liu Xiu killing Han Xin and Dai She (refer to 39 and 44).But Yuan An remained unwavering and persisted.In the end, Liu Zhao still approved Dou Xian's proposal. 1. In the spring, the first month, the Eastern Han government (the capital Luoyang) sent Geng Kui, the commander of the left wing of the Supreme Command (Zuo Xiaowei), to issue the Shan Yu (Northern Huns) seal letter to Chuan Yu Chuan, and sent the Xiongnu Assistant Defense Commander (Zhong Lang) General) Ren Shang "chijie" was stationed in Yiwu (Hami City, Xinjiang), and the treatment was exactly the same as that of the Xiongnu (the royal court set up Meiji). At first, Zhou Rong, a native of Lujiang County (Lujiang County, Anhui Province), worked in the Prime Minister's Mansion.The impeachment of Dou Jing by Prime Minister Yuan An (refer to 1989) and the memorials against the establishment of the Northern Xiongnu Shanyu were both written by Zhou Rong.Xu Wei (sound yi), Secretary of the General Command of the National Armed Forces of the Dou family class (Taiwei Chu), hated it deeply, and threatened Zhou Rong, saying: "You are the confidant of the Yuan family, and you specialize in fighting and repelling the Dou family. The Dou family assassins strong men. , all over the capital (the capital Luoyang), please take precautions." Zhou Rong said: "I am just a lonely scholar who grew up in the Yangtze River and Huaihe River area, but I was able to serve in the Prime Minister's Mansion, even if I was murdered by the Dou family, I was willing. "Tell my wife that if a disaster happens suddenly, don't collect it for burial. I hope that through the mere corpse, the ruler will be enlightened. 2. On March 14th, Prime Minister (Situ) Yuan An passed away. 3. On the 9th day of the third month, Ding Hong, Minister of Sacrifice (Taichang), was promoted to prime minister. 4. In summer, on April 18, Dou Xian returned to the capital Luoyang. 5. On June 1st, a solar eclipse. Ding Hong wrote: "In the past, when the Lu family ruled over power (refer to the second decade of the second century BC), the orthodoxy of the Liu family almost shifted. In the last years, the royal temple was cut off, and the incense was cut off (referring to being subverted by the queen's family). Therefore, even if there is a close relative like Jidan (Duke Zhou) without that kind of character, it should not make him gain power. Now, the supreme commander (general) Although Dou Xian is a clean-spirited man, he does not dare to make a mistake. However, the whole world, no matter how far or near, is terrified and flattered in every possible way. Jin Ye, and then go to the post. As long as you hand in the name card, you have to wait to be summoned at any time, even if the emperor's edict or the court secretariat (Shangshu) summons, you dare not answer the order. If it takes a long time, you have to wait for dozens of days before you can see. Turning away from the government and facing the private door, this is a phenomenon that the power of the superior is small and the power of the subordinate is great. Normal norms, if there is chaos in the lower realm, the astronomical phenomena will definitely respond appropriately. Although it is secret, the gods have subtle insights. The matter of the solar eclipse, is It is a warning to the king. It is easy to restrain the small actions, but it is difficult to save the big disasters. People almost ignore the small things, so that they finally cultivate big disasters. If the kindness is too heavy, you cannot bear to teach; if the benevolence is too deep, you cannot bear to cut love. When something important happens, you realize that the light is as clear as a mirror. The sky cannot be upright, and the three lights (sun, moon, and stars) will not shine if you are not upright. The king cannot be strong, and if you are not strong, officials, big and small, will be tyrannical. You should take advantage of the sky Warn, correct mistakes, and repay God's will." 6. On June 19, an earthquake occurred in 13 counties and Fengguo. 7. Drought and locust plagues. 8. The coup broke out suddenly, and Dou Jiaban collapsed. The father and son brothers of the family surnamed Dou served as civil and military officials at the same time, and were all over the government.Ranghou Deng Die, Deng Die's younger brother Infantry Commander (Infantry Captain) Deng Lei, mother-in-law Deng Yuan, Dou Xian's son-in-law Shooting Corps Commander (Shesheng Captain) Guo Ju, Guo Ju's father Changle Palace Supply Officer (Changle Shaofu) Guo Huang formed a group with each other.Deng Yuan and Guo Ju can enter and leave the court at any time.Guo Ju was favored by Empress Dowager Dou, so he decided to murder the emperor (fourth Hedi) Liu Zhao (fourteen years old this year). Liu Zhao found out about this conspiracy, but he was helpless.Under the monopoly of the Dou Xian brothers, the emperor was isolated from his officials and could not get close.The people Liu Zhao approached were all eunuchs. Liu Zhao saw that the government officials were all on Dou Xian's side. Only the eunuchs (Zhongchangshi) in the bedroom and Zheng Zhong, the palace garden utensil manager (Houdunling), were agile, cautious, and scheming. It is very deep and does not accept the control of Dou's family.Liu Zhaosui conspired with Zheng Zhong to eradicate Dou's family.Just because Dou Xian was stationed in Liangzhou (Gansu Province), he had been patient and did not dare to launch it, considering that it might cause a counterattack.And at this time, Dou Xian and Deng Die returned to the capital together. At that time, Liu Qing (refer to 1982), the king of Qinghe (capital Qingyang), was revered by Liu Zhao, and he often entered the palace and lived with Liu Zhao.Before Liu Zhao took action, he wanted to read "Hanshu Biography of Foreign Relatives" to seek theoretical basis and cite precedents; he did not dare to teach others to find it, so he ordered Liu Qing to secretly borrow it from Qiancheng King (capital Qiancheng) Liu and his wife (Liu Qing , Liu Kang, are Liu Zhao's elder brother).The book was delivered in the middle of the night, and the palace gate was specially opened for access.He also taught Liu Qing to tell Zheng Zhong to collect stories about the killing of uncles by emperors in the past (Liu Heng, the fifth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, killed Bo Zhao, and Liu Che, the seventh emperor, killed Dou Ying). On June 23, Liu Zhao went to Beigong.An edict was issued to order the commander-in-chief of the Luoyang garrison area in the capital (Zhi Jinwu) and the commander of the fifth battalion of the Northern Army (Field Army) (School Lieutenant) to prepare for battle and protect the Nangong and Beigong.Close the gates of the city, arrest Guo Huang, Guo Ju, Deng Die, and Deng Lei, send them to prison, and immediately execute them.Send the royal concierge officer (Yi Zhe Pu She) to collect the seal letter of Dou Xian's supreme commander (general) in the country, and change the title of Dou Xian Champion Marquis (the fief is in the champion village in the northwest of Dengzhou City, Henan Province), and follow Dou Du and Dou Jing , Dou Yu, and sent back to their marquis at the same time to enfeoff the country (Dou Du was enfeoffed as Yanhou, and the fief was in Yancheng County, Henan Province; Dou Jing was enfeoffed as Ruyanghou, and the fief was in Shangshui County, Henan Province; Dou Yu was enfeoffed as Xiayanghou , the fief is in Hancheng City, Shaanxi Province today).Because of the Empress Dowager Dou, Liu Zhao was unwilling to execute Dou Xian publicly, but only selected strict and capable talents to serve as the prime minister of the state and be responsible for supervision. After Dou Xian, Dou Du, and Dou Jing returned to Fengguo, Liu Zhao ordered them all to commit suicide. At first, the mayor of the capital Luoyang (Henan Yin) Zhang Jing sanctioned Dou Jing several times. (When Zhang Jing was the governor of Wei County, Zheng Ju, a county resident, sued Dou Jing to the emperor. Dou Jing sent his secretary Xia Meng to entrust Zhang Jing to frame Zheng Ju's son. Zhang Jing arrested Xia Meng and sent him to prison. Zhang Jing was later transferred to the mayor of Luoyang, the capital. Dou Jing's family members injured the police patrolling the streets, and the Luoyang Municipal Government arrested Dou Jing's family members. Dou Jing was furious, and dispatched the police officer Hou Hai to beat the market director. Zhang Yu's subordinate, Yang Zhang, pursued and investigated persistently, and finally arrested Hou Hai. Hai was expelled to Shuofang County.) When Dou’s family was defeated, Zhang Xing wrote a letter, asking for leniency: “When Dou Xian and other powers were in full swing, civil and military officials clung to him for fear of not being able to catch the bus. The first emperor (the third Liu Da) entrusted him with the life-saving entrustment at the end of his life, and he had the loyalty of Yi Yin and Jiang Ziya. Some people even compared Deng Yuan to "Mother Wen" (the mother of the first Wang Jifa in the Zhou Dynasty, and Wang Mang once called his aunt Wang Zheng Jun is better than being a 'mom', refer to eight years). Now, when the government issued a strict order, everyone saw the wind and turned the rudder, unanimously saying that they all deserve to die. I once saw Xia Yanghou Dou Huan, who was loyal and kind. When talking to me, he showed his determination to be loyal to the country. He disciplined his guests and never violated the laws of the country. For punishment, there is a precedent of pardoning three times in righteousness (refer to "Book of Rites"). It is better to be lenient than harsh. Now those who participate in the decision-making, if they want to choose a strict and capable prime minister for Dou Yu, they may retaliate against him The blow will make Dou badly unable to save his life. It is best to deal with leniency and strengthen the existing kindness." Liu Zhao was so moved that Dou Yuan was saved from death. (Liu Zhao's mother-in-law Liang Guiren was framed to death by Queen Mother Dou), and the Liang family exiled Jiuzhen.After Dou Xian died, six years later, in 1998, the Liang family was called back from Jiuzhen, passed by Changsha, and still forced Dou Yun to commit suicide. ) The Dou surnamed family and the guests of the Dou surnamed family, who became officials because of the relationship with the Dou family class, were all dismissed and sent back to their hometowns. *Fan Ye said: Wei Qing and Huo Qubing led the elite Chinese force to attack the Xiongnu year after year, costing almost half of China's wealth, but did not win a decisive victory.But later generations still praised the two as a generation of famous generals, probably because they maintained their reputation throughout their lives.Dou Xian led the Qiang people, Hu people and other border miscellaneous teams to wipe out the royal court of the Xiongnu (located near the West Sea) in one fell swoop, and even chased to the foot of Jiluo Mountain (Ihe Bayan Mountain in Mongolia) to drink horses from the Beida River (that is, On the bank of the private canal (Beijinhai), carved stones on the mountain to record meritorious deeds, offered sacrifices to the ancestral temple, and comforted the royal ancestors' spirits in heaven. detract from the substance.Therefore, an upright gentleman hates living in a low place (: The evil of suffering is not as serious as it is said in the book, so an upright gentleman does not want to live in a low place, and all the evil in the world will flow to him). These talents (Wei Qing, Huo Qubing, Dou Xian, etc.) are all relying on nepotism and rising steadily.It is not that one's own talents are appreciated, recommended or recommended.When Wei Qing was suffering from being a slave (Wei Qing was originally a slave of Princess Pingyang, when Mr. Xiangmian told him that he might be named a marquis in the future, Wei Qing laughed and said: "The son of a slave is satisfied not to be beaten, so why should I be named a marquis?" On the day when Dou Xian was imprisoned in the palace, he had nowhere to use his strength. He wanted to crow like a rooster, and the morning had passed.How could he have thought that one day he would have a feudal fiefdom and a glorious reputation?Dongfang Shuo has a saying: "With him, he is a tiger, without him, he is a mouse." Sincerity is the truth.From this point of view, what can be blamed for a person who is pregnant with beautiful jade but turns to seek what is in the embers of the fire! *Wang Fuzhi said: The rise of "cliques" may have started with the killing of Dou Xian.When the family surnamed Huo fell (refer to the first six or six years), it was only the same evil that was involved, not others.When Wang Mang was defeated, Wang Hong was his cousin, and he was spared the disaster, not to mention other people.However, when Dou Xian was defeated, Dou Du, Dou Jing, Guo Huang, and Deng Die could all be killed because they belonged to the same evil.Song Yao colluded with the traitor with the honor of a minister, so he could be dismissed.Ban Gu bullied others by taking advantage of his power, and he could also roam the wilderness.However, all the clansmen and guests of Dou's family were wiped out, and they were called "cliques". They were arrested, imprisoned, tried, and tortured.As a result, the term "clique" was established, and the disaster of "clique" spread to later generations.A gentleman uses this magic weapon to beat a villain, and a villain uses this magic weapon to beat a gentleman.A group of people rose up, a group of people abandoned, punishment and reward became tools of revenge, and the king could not control it.After the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, the government was in danger and could not be saved, all because of this reason, isn't it tragic. Bo Yang said: Dou Xian has his own way of defeating himself, but his crime should not be treason.The description of this public case in the history books is too brief, so simple that it makes people full of surprises and doubts. According to historical records, it was Deng's father and son and Guo's mother and son who attempted to murder Emperor Liu Zhao. It was only because they often entered the palace that they had evil thoughts.This is really the most bizarre criminal motive in the world. Killing an emperor is much more serious than killing a dog. Even if the dog barks at the visitors, the visitor cannot attack the dog, not to mention the dog is so obedient.Liu Zhao had no intention of interfering with the Dou Family Ban, let alone blocking the Dou Family Ban's way of making money.Killing Liu Zhao and changing another emperor is nothing more than not interfering and not blocking the way. Why should they kill them so much?If you want to be like the Huo family back then (refer to the first seven or four years), they planned to replace Huo Yu, and planned to support Dou Xian to succeed him, but the political documents and historical materials and historical books at that time did not record a single word. Yu name and surname? The Deng and Guo families had no reason to murder the emperor, nor did Dou Xian have the need to murder the emperor. Even a lunatic and an idiot would not have such a strange idea.Moreover, Liu Zhao is only fourteen years old this year, and he is only a child in junior high school at the age of fourteen. However, he calmly arranged and commanded the commander of the Capital Garrison and the Fifth Battalion of the Northern Army under complete control; Withdrawing the seal letter from Dou Xian and others, he was not afraid of armed resistance; then the edicts were issued frequently, and the calculations were endless; this is not something that a fourteen-year-old boy who has never been out of the house and an eunuch who only manages garden utensils can do. thing. Obviously, this is a bloody coup. Behind the scenes, one or several scheming conspirators are planning and planning, and then hand it over to Liu Zhaoxiaowa to issue orders.If he succeeds, he has a share, but if he fails, with this level of secrecy, catastrophe may not catch them.They used Liu Zhao as a stick to swing at their political opponents. We don't know who the giant behind the scenes is?The historical data did not show it, and there are only a few records. Let's speculate that the deposed crown prince and Liu Qing, who was renamed King Qinghe, should be the main role.His purpose may be to fight for power, but it may also be extremely simple, just for revenge, revenge for being deposed, and revenge for killing his mother.If this judgment is correct, we have full sympathy for him.However, he was too lacking in tolerance. As Wang Fuzhi pointed out, the scourge of "cliques" took root from then on.Politics should have a kind of concession. Whatever is pleasing to the enemy will inevitably call for another pleasing reaction.There is no end to the vicious circle. 9. In the beginning, Ban Gu's domestic slave once criticized Zhong Jing, the county magistrate of Luoyang (the county where the capital is located), because he was drunk.When Chong Jing was ordered to arrest the guests of Dou's family, he also arrested Ban Gu and died in prison.Ban Gu's "Han Shu" was not yet completed, and Liu Zhao ordered Ban Gu's younger sister and Cao Shou's wife Ban Zhao (Cao Da Da) to continue to complete it. Hua Qiao said: Ban Gu wrote "Hanshu", narrating historical facts, not extreme, not slandering, not false, rich but not messy, detailed and grasping the theme, so that readers are willing to accept it without getting tired.This is why he became famous.Ban Gu ridiculed Sima Qian's judgment of right and wrong, which often violated the sages of the Confucian school (referring to admiring "yellow" and "old" while ignoring the Six Classics of Confucianism, despising benevolence and righteousness while arbitrarily observing integrity).However, Ban Gu's discussion also rejected death festivals (such as regretting that Gong Sheng could not live forever), despised fairness and integrity (such as ridiculing the tomb of the king, and being an idiot), and obliterated the martyrs who died for benevolence (not to mention "Story of Loyalty and Justice"), Ban Gu is more respectful of benevolence and righteousness, and more humble and observant of chastity. *Gu Yanwu said: When Ban Gu wrote "Book of the Former Han Dynasty", he could not break out of the rigid pattern and did not change at all.For example: at the end of "Historical Records Huaiyin Hou Zhuan", the Kuaitong incident is recorded. After reading it, I am full of emotions and endless aftertaste. In "Huainan King Biography", Wu Bei asked and answered Liu An, the mood jumped on the paper, and the words showed more power.But Ban Gu deleted them all, but combined Kuai Che, Wu Bei, Jiang Chong, and Xi Fugong into one article.Kuai Che was the most wronged, and Wu was the second wronged.So it is unbearable to read. Bo Yang said: We feel sorry for Ban Guzhi's untimely death.However, one of his servants dared to insult the county magistrate of Luoyang, and the magistrate of Luoyang could only swallow his anger. It can be seen that Ban Gu may not match the image of a "gentleman" he praised in his writing. The most interesting thing is that Ban Gu deliberately ridiculed Sima Qian for not knowing how to protect himself wisely (refer to 1999).We will never look down on Ban Gu because he can't protect himself wisely, on the contrary, we will increase our sympathy.However, judging a person by using prudence and self-preservation as the standard shows that he is not only vulgar, but also lacks conscience. 10. In the beginning, when Dou Xian got married, all counties and feudal states in the world would send congratulatory gifts.The county magistrate (unknown name) of Hanzhong County (Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province) also sent someone to see him off. The Civil Affairs Officer (Hucao) Li He (sound he) dissuaded him and said: "Dou Xian is a relative of the emperor, so he doesn't pay attention to his own morals and etiquette. Righteousness, blindly tyrannical, the disaster of peril is coming soon. I hope that you will be loyal to the royal family wholeheartedly, and don't associate with him." The county chief insisted on sending him, but Li Xi couldn't stop him, so he asked to go, and the county chief agreed. Li He stopped along the way to observe the changes, and went to Youfufeng County (Xingping City, Shaanxi Province). The coup broke out and Dou Xian was sent back to the feudal state. All officials who had contacts with Dou Xian were all dismissed.The county magistrate of Hanzhong is not included. 11. Liu Zhao rewarded Qinghe King Liu Qing with servants, chariots, sedan chairs, coins, silk, and treasures, filling his Prince's Mansion.Liu Qing was sometimes ill. Liu Zhao sent people to check on him sooner or later, and sent him food and medicine. He took good care of him.Liu Qing is also cautious, humble and filial to his friends.Knowing that I have been deposed, I am very afraid of getting into trouble, and obey the laws and regulations.Therefore, in order to maintain his favor and salary. 12. Liu Zhao appointed Yuan An's son, Yuan Shang, as the court guard (Lang); Ren Kai's son, Ren Tun, as the infantry commander (infantry captain).Promote Zheng Zhong to be the head of the Queen's Palace (Da Changqiu). When Liu Zhao talked about meritorious deeds and rewards, Zheng Zhong rarely accepted them, but many declined them.Because of this, Liu Zhao thought he was a virtuous and capable person, and often discussed government affairs with him.The eunuch's power starts from now on. 13. In autumn, on July 23, Song You, commander-in-chief of the national armed forces (Taiwei), was accused of being a member of the Dou family and dismissed.Song You committed suicide. 14. On August 15th, the Supreme Supervisor (Sikong) Ren Wei passed away. 15. On August 17, Minister of Agriculture and Forestry (Da Sinong) Yin Mu was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the national armed forces (Taiwei). The Royal Master (Taifu) Deng Biao, due to his old age and sickness, resigned from his part-time job in charge of court confidentiality (recording affairs).Liu Zhao approved and ordered Yin Mu to replace Deng Biao in charge of court secrets. 16. In winter, on October 4th, the Minister of Royal Affairs (Zong Zheng) Liu Fang was appointed as the Supreme Inspector General. 17. Wuling County (Changde City, Hunan Province), Lingling County (Yongzhou City, Hunan Province) Lizhongman (Lishui, originating in the northwest of Sangzhi County, Hunan Province, flowing eastward to the north of Yuanjiang City, and pouring into Dongting Lake) rebelled. 18. When Deng Xun, the security commander of Xiqiang (guardian of Qiang) passed away, officials, Han people, Qiang people, and Hu people went to mourn sooner or later, as many as thousands of people every day.The Qiang and Hu people even stabbed themselves with knives, or slaughtered dogs, horses, cattle and sheep, saying: "Mr. Deng is dead, and we will die with him!" To go to the funeral (at that time, Wuhuan Security Command was located in Ning County, 1,200 kilometers away from Linqiang Airline, where Xiqiang Security Command was located), and some cities were empty.The public security officials wanted to arrest them, but they couldn't stop them. They rushed to report to Xu Jie, the current Wuhuan Security Commander. Xu Jie sighed, "This is benevolence and righteousness!" and ordered his release.Therefore, every family built a temple for Deng Xun, and when the people were sick, they went to the temple to worship and pray for blessings. Nie Shang, the governor of Shu County (Chengdu City, Sichuan Province), succeeded Deng Xun as the commander of the security of the Western Qiang, and planned to use his kindness to soften the Qiang tribes.Nai sent an interpreter to recruit Mitang (refer to 1988), the chief of the Shaodang tribe (Poyan Valley), and let them return to Xiaoyu Valley (west of Jianzha County, Qinghai Province). After Mi Tang returned to Xiaoyu Valley, he asked his grandmother Bei Que to meet Nie Shang.Nie Shang personally sent Bei Que to the outside of the Great Wall, hosted a banquet to see her off, and sent five people including the interpreter Tian Bang to escort Bei Que to the tent where she was staying.Mi Tang rebelled, united with other tribes, slaughtered Tian Bang and other five people by caesarean section alive, and swore an oath of blood to attack the frontier fortress of Jincheng County (northwest of Yongjing County, Gansu Province).Nie Shang was dismissed from office. Bo Yang said: Mi Tang's rebellion is unbelievable.With Nie Shang's kindness to him as great as a mountain, allowing him to return to the big and small Elm Valley in the land of milk and honey, but also sending him back to his grandmother in person, it is absolutely impossible to have such an ending.迷唐如果有了流奶与蜜之地，便立刻抖了起来，迫不及待的要大干一场，则又何必劳动祖母去向聂尚道谢。如果道谢是为了拖延时间，则何至祖母一归，立即翻脸？难道只为了多争取几天？依照人之常情，迷唐应有感谢之心；即令没有感谢也会等到在新地盘上生根之后，再行发动。 然而，迷唐竟然在受到大恩大德和隆重礼遇之后，做出惨无人道的反应。我们不晓得原因何在，但晓得必有原因。最直觉的解释是，迷唐祖母在这次亲善之旅中，受到羌人无法忍受的羞辱，这羞辱可能来自聂尚，更可能来自田汜等五位护送的差役。所以迷唐在暴怒之下，用最残酷的手段，剖腹挖心。而其他部落也都慷慨追随。他只是为了雪耻泄愤，不是为了叛变。只不过雪耻泄愤之后，只好叛变。 1、春季，正月十一日，东汉王朝（首都洛阳）皇帝刘肇（本年十五岁）在皇家大会堂（明堂）举行总祭，登上御用天文台（灵台），赦天下。 2、正月二十四日，千乘（贞）王（首府千乘）刘伉（二任帝刘庄子）逝世。 3、正月二十七日，刘肇封皇弟刘万岁当广宗王（首府广宗）。 4、二月二十一日（原文误置于正月，据《后汉书》改），皇家师傅（太傅）邓彪逝世。 5、二月二十五日，陇西郡（甘肃省临洮县）地震。 6、夏季，四月二十日，封故阜陵（殇）王（首府阜陵）刘冲（一任王刘延子）的老哥刘鲂，继任阜陵王。 7、九月一日，广宗（殇）王（首府广宗）刘万岁逝世，没有儿子，封国撤除。 最初，东汉政府采纳窦宪建议（参考九一年十二月），封挛鞮於除鞬当北匈奴单于（时驻蒲类海畔），准备护送他回到北方王庭（不知是指匈奴分裂之前的王庭，还是分裂之后的王庭）。正好东汉政变，窦宪被杀，计划遂告中止，挛鞮於除鞬遂拔营北返。刘肇派全权参谋长（将兵长史）王辅，率一千余骑兵，会合北匈奴协防司令（中郎将）任尚，共同追击，斩挛鞮於除鞬，消灭他的部众。 最初，左翼指挥官（左校尉）耿夔，在金微山（蒙古国阿尔泰山）大破北匈奴汗国（参考九一年二月），鲜卑部落（内蒙古西辽河上游）开始从东方向西方辗转迁移，填补北匈奴留下的广大地区（今蒙古国。但核心组成部分，仍留在今内蒙古东南部）。匈奴聚落残余的还有十余万，为了生存，也自称鲜卑。鲜卑自此日益强大。 Bo Yang said: 中国因为地理形势特殊，五千年来，严重的外患，始终来自北方。匈奴之后有鲜卑，鲜卑之后有柔然，柔然之后有突厥，突厥之后有回纥，回纥之后有契丹，契丹之后有女真，女真之后有蒙古，蒙古之后有俄罗斯。每一个时代，中国都要倾全国之力，艰苦缠斗，保卫国土。可怜的是，中国的战斗力跟儒家学派的声势，成反比例发展，圣人越多，英雄越少，酱缸越深，活力越弱。中国人遂越来越抵抗不住，不断惨败，以致皇帝被人生擒活捉，国家屡次灭亡，几乎不能翻身。 保持北疆和平——当然不是屈辱的和平，而是光荣的和平，一直是中国最高的追求目标。追求得到，中国强；追求不到，中国弱。 10、冬季，十月辛未日（十月庚寅朔，没有辛未），全国武装部总可令（太尉）尹睦逝世。 11、十一月六日，擢升交通部长（太仆）张酺当全国武装部队总司令。 张酺跟宫廷秘书（尚书）张敏等，弹劾射击兵团指挥官（射声校尉）曹褒：“非分的擅自制定国家礼仪，破坏圣人法则，应逮捕诛杀。”一连上了五次奏章，刘肇知道张酺食古不化，僵固不通，不作理会。但《汉王朝礼仪》（参考八七年十月）却被搁置一旁，没有实行。 12、本年，武陵郡（湖南省常德市）郡政府部队击破澧中蛮（活动于澧水一带的少数民族），接受他们归降。 13、梁王（首府睢阳）刘畅（刘肇叔父）跟他的随从官卞忌，一块祭祀求福。卞忌等拍马屁说：“神灵说了，大王要当皇帝！”刘畅便就着这个题目，和他谈论。有关单位提出检举，要求征召刘畅到首都洛阳，囚入监狱。刘肇不许，只下诏剥夺梁国的两县：成武（山东省成武县）、单父（山东省单县）。刘畅既惭愧又恐惧，上书深刻自责，说：“我天性狂妄愚昧，不知道检点，自己陷自己于死罪，应当被绑到街头斩首。陛下深恩大德，不惜抑制法条，宽大处罚，勉强赦免大罪，为我而受委屈。我深知道，深厚的赦免不可能再度赐下，所以我发誓约束自己，约束妻子，再不敢超越规矩，更不敢稍有浪费。计算所收租税，还有盈余。梁国现有九县，请准许我将睢阳（梁国首府）、谷熟（河南省虞城县西南谷熟镇）、虞县（河南省虞城县北）、蒙县（河南省商丘市）、宁陵（河南省宁陵县）五县，缴还中央。剩下的四县：（下邑、砀县、薄县、鄢县），足够我的开支。臣刘畅有妾三十七人，没有生儿子的，都听从她们的志愿，送回娘家。只留下谨慎小心的家奴婢女二百人，其余的诸如虎贲警卫武士、骑兵仪仗以及各种技艺工匠、乐队、奴仆、婢女、兵器、马匹，都送还原来所属的机关。（虎贲警卫武士，属警卫指挥官。骑兵仪仗、马匹、属交通部。技艺工匠，属御库房。乐队，属禁宫侍从署。奴仆、婢女，分别属宫廷事务署、御衣管理室、宫女管训局。兵器弓箭，属兵工厂。原都由他们派遣或发给）。臣刘畅以骨肉近亲，竟扰乱圣明的教化，污染清洁的风气。幸而得以保留性命，却实在无颜以罪恶之身，拥有广大宫殿和庞大封国，设立官员僚属、享受丰富饮食。请求陛下准许我的请求。” 刘肇下诏不许，语气温和。 14、西羌保安司令（护羌校尉）贯友，派翻译官到诸羌部落中，挑拨离间，再用金银财宝作为引诱。诸羌部落的盟约瓦解，互相间仇恨再生。 贯友遂各个击破，派大军出塞，攻击据守大小榆谷（青海省尖扎县西）的烧当部落酋长迷唐，斩杀及俘虏八百余人，抢夺小麦数万斛。遂在逢留大河（流经青海省贵德县至尖扎县的那段黄河）南北两岸，修筑城堡、建立码头、兴造跨河大桥，准备渡河追击迷唐，迷唐率领部众向西远徙，驻屯赐支河曲（青海省共和县东南的一段黄河弯曲地带。） 15、南匈奴（王庭设美稷）休兰尸逐侯鞮单于（三十任）挛鞮屯屠何逝世。单于挛鞮宣的老弟挛鞮安国继位（三十一任）。 挛鞮安国最初当左贤王，没有好的声誉。等到当了单于，二十六任单于挛鞮適的儿子、右谷蠡王挛鞮师子，依习惯顺序，转升左贤王（储君）。挛鞮师子勇敢善战，智慧过人，富于谋略，两任单于——挛鞮宣（二十九任）、挛鞮屯屠何，都喜爱他的英雄气魄，数次派他率领大军出塞袭击北匈奴。班师后每次都受到赏赐，连中国皇帝对他也都特别看重。 因为这个缘故，匈奴汗国（南匈奴）内部，都敬重左贤王挛鞮师子，而不敬重单于（三十一任）挛鞮安国。挛鞮安国愤怒恐惧，阴谋除掉挛鞮师子。而新归附的北匈奴人，原来远在北方，不断受到挛鞮师子的袭击，最后又被强迫裹胁南来，对挛鞮师子都很痛恨。挛鞮安国遂跟这些新归附的人秘密定计。 挛鞮师子得到消息后，提高警觉，就迁住到五原郡界（五原郡郡政府设九原县，在美稷西北航空距离一百三十千米）。每逢王庭朝会，挛鞮师子都宣称患病，不去参加。北疆边防司令（度辽将军）皇甫棱，在得知杀机四伏的内情后，支持挛鞮师子，不勉强他去参加。挛鞮安国大为愤懑。 1、春季，正月，东汉王朝（首都洛阳）北疆边防司令（度辽将军）皇甫棱免职。东汉政府任命首都洛阳警备区司令（执金吾）朱徽，代理北疆边防司令（行度辽将军）。 当时，南匈奴汗国（王庭设美稷）单于（三十一任）挛鞮安国，跟东汉派驻的匈奴协防司令（使匈奴中郎将）杜崇，不能和睦相处。挛鞮安国遂向东汉政府控告杜崇。杜崇指使西河郡（内蒙古准格尔旗西南。美稷县属西河郡管辖）郡长，在中途把奏章扣留。挛鞮安国失去上诉渠道，无法表白自己。杜崇乘机反击，跟朱徽联合上书，说：“挛鞮安国疏远他的忠诚旧部，反而跟新归附的降人（指北匈奴人）亲近，打算诛杀左贤王挛鞮师子以及东部军区司令（左大且渠）刘利等。而西部军区的降人，共同阴谋胁迫挛鞮安国，起兵背叛汉朝。情势紧张，请下令西河郡、上郡（陕西省榆林市南鱼河堡）、安定郡（宁夏固原县）三郡，动员戒备。” 奏章交由高阶层官员讨论，一致认为：“匈奴反反复复，虽不能预料将来有什么发展，然而，仅面对汉朝现有大军，匈奴也未必就敢采取什么行动。现在，应该派出深有谋略的使节，前往单于王庭，跟杜崇、朱徽以及西河郡郡长，共同观察动静。如果没有其他变化，不妨命杜崇协助挛鞮安国，会同匈奴高级官员，调查部众中哪些人平常行为凶暴，常常侵害边塞，共同审判，有罪应诛杀的，再行诛杀。如果挛鞮安国不接受这种安排，则授权使臣及地方官员，随机应变，等事情过去之后，再论功行赏，也足以向所有蛮夷展示威信。”刘肇采纳。 于是，杜崇、朱徽理直气壮的率军直趋单于王庭（设美稷）。挛鞮安国深夜中接到被汉军包围消息，大吃一惊，放弃所有营帐，集结兵力，打算先行诛杀挛鞮师子。 挛鞮师子先得到消息，紧急集合，驱策所有部众，进入汉朝北疆边防司令所在的曼柏城（内蒙古达拉特旗东南六十千米马场壕）。挛鞮安国追到城下，城门已经关闭，不能进入。朱徽派人前往调解，挛鞮安国拒不接受，一定要得到挛鞮师子才甘心。城既不能攻下，于是率领部众驻屯五原（内蒙古包头市）。 杜崇、朱徽遂征调各郡骑兵，攻击五原，匈奴内部震恐。挛鞮安国舅父、队长（骨都侯）喜为等，担心全族有被屠灭的危险，于是，格杀挛鞮安国，共同拥立挛鞮师子，是为亭独尸逐侯鞮单于（三十二任）。 Bo Yang said: 匈奴已沦落破碎到这种地步，仍不能团结，窝里斗层出不穷，徒提供别人宰割机会外，有什么裨益？我们对这个不争气的敌人，既轻视，又感叹。 2、正月二十一日，宰相（司徒）丁鸿逝世。 3、二月二十日，擢升最高监察长（司空）刘方当宰相；祭祀部长（太常）张奋当最高监察长。 4、夏季，五月，城阳（怀）王（首府成阳）刘淑（皇帝刘肇的幼弟）逝世，没有儿子，封国撤除。 5、秋季，七月，首都洛阳大旱。 6、西域（新疆及中亚东部）总督（都护）班超，征调龟兹国（新疆库车县）、鄯善国（新疆若羌县）等八国的武装部队，共约七万余人，攻击焉耆国（新疆焉耆县）。抵达焉耆城下，引诱焉耆王广、尉犁王（新疆博湖县）泛（姓均不详）等，到陈睦故城（今地不详），诛杀，把二人的人头送到洛阳。班超命联军公开抢劫，又杀五千余人，俘虏一万五千人，更封焉耆左侯元孟当焉耆王。班超留驻焉耆半年，用以镇压安抚。 至此，西域五十余国，全数归附中国，再度派遣人质。西方直到海滨（可能指里海之滨，可能指黑海之滨，也可能指地中海之滨）。四万里之外的国家，都经过几次翻译，前来中国进贡。 7、南匈奴单于（三十二任）挛鞮师子即位，新归附的五六百降人，乘夜袭击挛鞮师子的御帐。匈奴协防司令部安抚官（安集掾）王恬，率领卫士迎战，五六百人败走。其他新归附的北匈奴降人，惊骇震动，霎时间所属的十五个部落，约二十余万人，全部叛变，强迫挛鞮屯屠何（三十任单于）的儿子、薁鞮日逐王挛鞮逢侯，当他们的单于。接着大肆屠杀抢掠，焚烧邮亭帐幕，向朔方郡（此应指朔方县城，今内蒙古杭锦旗北黄河南岸）撤退，打算出塞，往沙漠（瀚海沙漠）以北逃走。 九月癸丑日（九月乙印朔，没有癸丑），东汉政府任命宫廷禁卫官司令（光禄勋）邓鸿，代理车骑将军，会同南越兵团指挥官（越骑校尉）冯柱、代理北疆边防司令（行度辽将军）朱徽，动员左右羽林警卫军、北军（野战军）五个兵团，跟各郡、各封国射击手、边境民兵；乌桓保安司令（乌桓校尉。司令部设宁县）任尚，则率乌桓（河北省北部）、鲜卑（内蒙古东部中部及以北地区）部队，共四万人，讨伐叛徒。当时，南匈奴单于挛鞮师子跟匈奴协防司令官（护匈奴中郎将）杜崇，据守牧师城（地望在今内蒙古东胜市东），挛鞮逢侯率一万余骑兵，正在围攻。 冬季，十一月，邓鸿等抵达美稷（王庭所在），挛鞮逢侯解牧师城之围，向满夷谷（内蒙古包头市北）撤退。南单于挛鞮师子派他的儿子，率一万余骑兵，跟杜崇所率领的四千骑兵，会合邓鸿所部，向西追击，直到大城塞（内蒙古杭锦旗东南三十千米），杀四千余人。任尚率鲜卑、乌桓部众，在满夷谷截击，再大破叛军，前后共杀一万七千余人。 挛鞮逢侯终于突出边塞，向西北逃入沙漠（瀚海沙漠），汉军不能追击，班师。 8、任命农林部长（大司农）陈宠当司法部长（廷尉）。陈宠性情仁厚，很多次审理疑难官司，引用儒家学派经典，总是尽力宽恕。司法界刻薄的风气，稍稍改变。 9、东汉帝（四任和帝）刘肇（本年十六岁）任命宫廷秘书长（尚书令）江夏郡（湖北省新洲县）人黄香，当东郡（河北省濮阳市西南）邯长。黄香坚决推辞说：“从事实际地方行政工作，我没有这种才干。请准许我仍留在原位上，在陛下英明的领导之下，从事宫中繁杂琐碎工作。”刘肇就留下他继续担任宫廷秘书长（尚书令），特别增加俸禄二千石（宫廷秘书长属中级官员，年俸一千石。今增加为两倍，因黄香任职太久，而又辞郡长职，特赏赐郡长级待遇）。十分受到皇帝亲近尊重。黄香也尽忠职守，忧虑国事，犹如忧虑家事。 1、春季，正月，东汉王朝（首都洛阳）宫廷禁卫官司令（光禄勋）邓鸿等大军复员。南越兵团指挥官（越骑校尉）冯柱，率虎牙营战斗部队，留驻五原（内蒙古包头市）。邓鸿被控逗留不进，贻误军机，致使大军失利，下狱，处死。 稍后，东汉帝（四任和帝）刘肇（本年十七岁）发现朱徽、杜崇跟匈奴单于（三十一任挛鞮安国）冲突内情，而又断绝控告渠道（参考去年正月），把挛鞮安国逼反。征召二人回首都洛阳，下狱，处死。 2、夏季，四月一日，日食。 3、秋季，七月二十六日，易阳（河北省永年县东南）大地崩裂。 4、九月二十五日，首都洛阳地震。 5、乐成王（首府信都）刘党（刘肇的叔父），被控杀人，剥夺封国的东光（河北省东光县）、鄡县（河北省辛集市东，鄡，音qiao）两县。 Bo Yang said: 刘党并不比其他王子好，也不比其他王子坏。两汉王朝有明文规定，皇宫宫女出嫁，只可嫁到民间，不准封国的王府、侯府收留。而皇宫歌星哀置，嫁给民间男子章初。刘党把哀置接到王宫，跟她上床。章初准备上书控告，刘党用重金买通哀置的姐姐哀昭，把章初害死；为了防止消息走漏，又一连绞死三个侍女灭口。 四条人命，只值两县采邑的赋税。叫得震天响的口号：“爱民如子”以及“王子犯法，与小民同罪”，不过是一个化解小民悲愤的骗局。 1、春季，二月，东汉王朝（首都洛阳）皇帝（四任和帝）刘肇（本年十八岁）封阴贵人当皇后。阴皇后是阴识的曾孙女（阴识，一任帝刘秀正妻阴丽华的老弟，参考四三年六月）。 2、夏季，四月十八日，乐成（靖）王（首府