Chapter 13 5. Yan Ran Le Stone

In the middle of this century, the extremely corrupt regime of the Western Han Dynasty ran downhill, and was finally completely taken over by his assistant minister Wang Mang.Liu Bang's Western Han Dynasty fell, and Wang Mang's new dynasty was established.Wang Mang is a great Confucian of the Confucian school. After he came to power, he deliberately implemented the ancient political system most admired by the Confucian school. As a result, he caused chaos in the whole country and forced all ethnic minorities, including the Huns, to become enemies of the Han people.The new dynasty collapsed after only fifteen years.Liu Xiu, a Miao descendant of the royal family of the Western Han Dynasty, unified the country after the melee and established the Eastern Han Dynasty. Although the Qiang people fought and the Western Regions were lost, the Eastern Han Dynasty remained quite strong.

1. Spring, February 1st, solar eclipse.The Eastern Han Dynasty (capital Luoyang) Emperor (Third Zhangdi) Liu Da (23 years old this year) issued an edict ordering government officials to recommend "outspoken" and "extremely admonishing" people. 2. The militiamen of Jingzhou (Hubei Province and Hunan Province) and Yuzhou (Henan Province) subordinate counties attacked the barbarians in Luzhong (Cili County, Hunan Province) and defeated the barbarian army. 3. In summer, on May 3rd, Liu Da issued an edict: "I am eager to see upright people, and I have been leaning sideways, waiting for advice. Those who came first have already poured out their depression and depression. I understand you a little bit. The aspirations of talented people. I also hope that they will stay around and be my advisors. But my grandfather (the first emperor Liu Xiu) once said in the imperial edict: "When Yiqi Fangxun (Yao) inspected officials, he should see them as public officials. It’s not just about what they say and write.’ So now, in local governments, many officials are vacant, and they can all be filled in.”

4. On May 20, the royal master (taifu) Zhao Xie passed away. 5. Ban Chao is ambitious, trying to bring the long-lost Western Regions (Xinjiang and eastern Central Asia) back into China's territory.He wrote to the central government, requesting the deployment of armed forces, saying: "I once saw that the first emperor (the second emperor Liu Zhuang) attacked the Northern Huns Khanate (the king's court was located in Harhelin City, Mongolia) to the north and sent goodwill envoys to the west in order to reconnect with the Western Regions. Shanshan Kingdom (Ruoqiang County, Xinjiang) Khotan Kingdom (Hotian City, Xinjiang) was immediately subordinated. Today, Kumi Kingdom (Yutian County, Xinjiang), Shache Kingdom (Shache County, Xinjiang), Shule Kingdom (Kashgar City, Xinjiang), Yuezhi Kingdom (capital Lanshi City), the Wusun Kingdom (the capital Chigu City), and the Kangju Kingdom (the capital Beitian City) are also willing to submit. And they are willing to gather all their strength to destroy the Kucha Kingdom (Kucha County, Xinjiang) and restore communication with our country. As long as they can If Kucha is eliminated, the number of people in the Western Regions who are still fighting against our country is no more than one percent. In the past, those who participated in the decision-making thought: "Conquering thirty-six countries is equivalent to cutting off the right arm of the Huns." Now, Counting from the place where the sun sets, there is no country in the Western Regions that does not accept Chinese culture. No matter how big or small the country is, they are all full of joy and never stop paying tribute. Only the Yanqi Kingdom (Yanqi County, Xinjiang) and the Kucha Kingdom are the only ones that have great respect for our country. Always resist.

"I used to lead thirty-six officials (refer to 1973) on missions to remote foreign lands, and encountered all kinds of hardships and hardships. I was alone and helpless, and I was trapped in the Shule Kingdom. It has been five years. The situation of barbarians in various places, I have also gained a good understanding. No matter how big or small the country is, the opinions of their officials and people are unanimously affirmed: relying on the Han Dynasty is like relying on God. Judging from this, the Congling (Pamirs) can be surpassed, and the Kucha Kingdom can be conquered. I suggest: Feng The prince Baiba sent by the Kucha Kingdom to our country as a hostage, as the king of Kucha, sent hundreds of infantry and cavalry, sent him back to the Western Regions, formed alliances with other countries, and organized coalition forces. You will get it. Using Yidi to restrain Yidi should be the most brilliant strategy among all strategies.

"I saw Shache Kingdom and Shule Kingdom, with vast and fertile land and lush pastures, no less than Dunhuang County (Dunhuang City, Gansu Province) and Shanshan Kingdom. We don't need our country to dispatch huge troops, and we don't need our country to supply grain and fodder. Among them, Gumo Wang (northwest of Aksu City, Xinjiang) and Wensu King (Wush County, Xinjiang) were also sent by Kucha. They are not from the country, but they are also vicious and brutal, and they are not popular among the people. The situation forces them to surrender to the coalition forces. .If the two countries return to each other, Kucha will be isolated and will naturally disintegrate.

"I ask Your Majesty to submit this memorial to high-level officials for discussion and decision. If it can be implemented, I will have no hatred to die. The minister Ban Chao is in a humble position. Fortunately, the gods have blessed me and have not made me fall ill. I hope to see the Western Regions Returning to China, His Majesty raises the wine glass to bless the peace of ten thousand years, and offers sacrifices to the royal ancestral temple. Let the whole world celebrate joyfully." After the memorial was submitted, Liu Da was convinced that it could be successful, and ordered to study the feasibility of sending armed forces.Xu Gan, a native of Pingling (Xipingling Township, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province), wrote to Emperor Liu Da, requesting to go out to serve as Banchao's assistant.Liu Da appointed Xu Qian as the deputy military and political officer (false Sima), and led more than 1,000 prisoners who had commuted their sentences and strong men who volunteered to join the army, and went to the Western Regions to wait for Ban Chao's dispatch.

Prior to this, the Shache Kingdom believed that the Han Dynasty could no longer send troops to protect itself, so it surrendered to the Kucha Kingdom, and Fanchen, the security commander (duwei) of the Shule Kingdom, also rebelled.Just when Xu Gan arrived, Ban Chao and Xu Gan attacked Fanchen, smashed Fanchen's rebels, and killed more than a thousand people.He was planning to take advantage of the victory to attack the Kucha Kingdom. He believed that the Wusun Kingdom had a strong force and hoped to get assistance, so he wrote a letter suggesting: "Wusun is a big country with 100,000 soldiers, so Emperor Wu (Liu Che, the seventh emperor of the Western Han Dynasty) married the princess to him. (Refer to 105 years ago). When Emperor Xiaoxuan (the tenth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu was ill), he finally received the results (refer to 171 years ago). Now it is time to send envoys to Wusun to appease and condole him. Work together with us." Liu Da accepted.

1. In spring, on February 17th, the Eastern Han Dynasty (capital Luoyang) Langye (filial piety) king (capital Kaiyang) Liu Jing (the first emperor Liu Xiuzi) passed away. 2. In summer, on June 15th, Bao Yu, the commander-in-chief of the National Armed Forces (Taiwei), passed away. 3. On June 30, a solar eclipse. 4. In autumn, on July 22, Deng Biao, the Minister of Agriculture and Forestry (Da Sinong), was promoted to be the commander-in-chief of the national armed forces. 5. Lian Fan, the prefect (prefect) of Wudu County (Cheng County, Gansu Province), was transferred to the prefect of Shu County (Chengdu City, Sichuan Province).

Chengdu (the county where the county government of Shu County is located) is prosperous, with a large population and rich products, and the houses, streets and alleys are all close together.In the past, the county government has banned night work as a precaution against fires.In fact, it is impossible for the people to not work at night, so they have to hide it from each other, but fires continue to break out.After Lian Fan took office, he revoked the ban and only strictly stipulated water storage for backup.The people are infinitely convenient, so they spread a song: "Why did Sheriff Lian come so late / Candles are not banned / The people can do it with peace of mind / There used to be no short clothes / Now there are five pairs of trousers."

The Emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty (Third Emperor) Liu Da (24 years old this year) is going to entertain King Pei (Capital Xiangxian) Liu Fu (Uncle Liu Da) who is about to meet with Luoyang, the capital, and send a royal protocol officer (visitor) to reward Mink fur robes and exotic fruits from the Imperial Kitchen (Taiguan).He also sent Dou Gu, the minister of vassal affairs (Dahonghe), to "chijie" to meet him in the suburbs.Liu Da personally went to the Peiguo Hotel (Didi) in Luoyang to inspect first, and prepared bed nets and other necessary money and utensils in advance. 1. Spring, first month, Eastern Han Dynasty (capital Luoyang) King Pei (capital Xiangxian) Liu Fu, Jinan King (capital Dongpingling) Liu Kang, Dongping King (capital Wuyan) Liu Cang, Zhongshan King (capital Lunu) Liu Yan, King of East China Sea (capital Lu County) Liu Zheng (the first king Liu Qiangzi), Langya King (capital Kaiyang) Liu Yu (the first king Liu Jingzi), went to the capital Luoyang to meet.The Emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty (the third Zhangdi) Liu Da (25 years old this year) issued an edict: Liu Fu, Liu Kang, Liu Cang, and Liu Yan, when they met in court, the master of ceremonies only introduced the titles, not the names (this is "praise I do not wish to be named" to show respect, because the four princes are all uncles of Liu Da); until they go to the Debao Hall, they will perform the ceremony of monarch and minister, and Liu Da will answer the ceremony in person.Show the respect of the king and the glory of the subjects, more than ancient times.Every time the princes entered the palace, the emperor sent chariots to greet them first, and then got out of the chariots and walked at the gate of the Forbidden Palace.Liu Da stood up for them with a sincere look.The queen, as a niece and daughter-in-law, paid homage behind the tent, and the princes all bowed and said goodbye, feeling uneasy.

In March, the minister of vassal affairs (Da Honglu) petitioned to send the princes back to the feudal state.Liu Da specially ordered Liu Cang, the king of Dongping, to stay in the capital (the capital Luoyang). 2. At first, Empress Dowager Ma selected the two daughters of Song Yang from Fufeng (Xingping County, Shaanxi Province) as concubines (nobles) for Liu Da, and her sister, Song Dagui, gave birth to a son, Liu Qing, who was named the prince (refer to April 1979) . Liang Song's younger brother Liang Song, the Marquis of Lingxiang, has two daughters (Liang Song is the murderer who framed Ma Yuan. Refer to 1949), who is also Liu Da's concubine (noble person), younger sister Liang Xiaogui, and has a son Liu Zhao.Empress Dou did not have a son, so she raised Liu Zhao as her own son.When Queen Mother Ma was alive, the Song family sisters were very favored by Queen Mother Ma. Later, when Queen Mother Ma passed away (refer to June 1979), the Song family sisters lost their backing instantly, and Empress Dou was favored by Liu Jin, and her power expanded rapidly. , with her mother, Princess Biyang (the daughter of Liu Qiang, the first king of Donghai Kingdom), conspired to attack the Song family sisters.Empress Dou taught her natal brothers, and was responsible for collecting trivial mistakes of the Song family.He also taught the coachmen and eunuchs who served the sisters of the Song family to be responsible for scouting their actions inside. This is a tight shark formation, no one can escape no matter how cautious they are.Before long, things exploded.Song Dagui fell ill and wanted to eat raw dodder (plant, a kind of nutritional medicine commonly used in Chinese medicine), so he asked his natal family to bring it.Dou Jiaban immediately seized the opportunity and accused the Song family sisters of using it as a curse.Liu Da was furious, and expelled Liu Qing, the son of the great nobleman of Song Dynasty, who had been made the crown prince, from the harem and lived in Chenglu Temple. In summer, on June 18th, Liu Da issued an edict: "Liu Qing is in a trance, moody, and is not qualified to serve the royal temple. Under the righteousness, family ties can be destroyed, let alone demoted? Now, revoke Liu Qing's crown prince." The title was changed to the King of Qinghe (the capital Qingyang). The prince Liu Zhao was personally raised by the Queen (Ms. Dou), and he was well-educated in her arms. Now Liu Zhao is changed to be the crown prince." Imprison the Song family sisters in the palace In the middle mortuary (Bingshe), Cai Lun, the eunuch (Xiaohuangmen) who was ordered to be the personal attendant of the Forbidden Palace, was in charge of interrogation.Knowing that there was no way out, the Song family sisters committed suicide by taking poison.Song Yang, the father who served as a councilor (Yilang), was dismissed and expelled back to his hometown Pingling (Xipingling Township, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province). Liu Qing is still young (this year, Liu Qing is five years old), but he already knew that a catastrophe was imminent, he was fearful and careful, and never dared to mention his mother.Liu Da, the father, was sympathetic and loving, and ordered Empress Dou to ask for Liu Qing's clothes, just like the prince Liu Zhao.Liu Zhao was very affectionate to this little brother, and when he entered the palace, he lived and played with him, and when he left the palace, he shared the car and sedan chair. 3. On June 23, Liu Xian was named King of Guangping (the capital of Guangping) and became King of Xiping (the capital of Xiping). 4. In autumn and August, after a banquet, the relevant units made another request: send Dongping King Liu Cang back to Fengguo.Liu Da approved, and wrote a letter to Liu Cang himself, saying: "Flesh and blood are natural, and we don't make relatives because of blood relationship. But every time we meet, the feelings are stronger than before. Thinking that the king has been in the capital for a long time, I have worked very hard and should go back to the country to rest. I intend to sign the memorial of the vassal affairs department (Da Honglu), but I can’t bear to write, so I send this letter to the imperial palace’s personal attendant Huan Gong (Xiao Huangmen). Word." On the day Liu Cang left Beijing, Liu Da saw him off in person and parted with tears.Then reward cars, clothes, treasures, horses, money, and cloth, the value of which is about hundreds of millions of dollars. 5. On September 10th, Liu Da went to Yanshi (Yanshi County, Henan Province), then walked eastward, crossed the Yellow River at Juanjin (north of Xilouzhuang, Yuanyang County, Henan Province), and arrived in Hanoi County (Wu Zhi County).The edict said: "I entered the Hanoi county border by the way to inspect the autumn crops and inspect the harvest situation. The equipment is light and simple, and there are no other transportation vehicles. The local government is not allowed to recruit civilians to build roads and bridges, and officials are not allowed to stay away from the city. Or send people Greet flattery, inquire about waiters, run around in front of your eyes, and increase trouble. Everything must be frugal, I only hate that I can not eat rough rice, and can't drink cold water with a ladle!" On Jiyou day in September (Jichoushuo in September, there is no Jiyou), Liu Da went to Yecheng (the county where Weijun County Government is located, Southwest Ye Town, Linzhang County, Hebei Province). On September 27, Liu Da returned to the capital Luoyang. 6. In winter, on October 19th, Liu Da went to Chang'an (Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province), and named Xiao Xiong, a descendant of Xiao He (the first prime minister of the Western Han Dynasty), as "Marquis of Bing" (Xiao He was originally named Marquis of Bing, refer to 201 B.C. in December).Then go to Huaili (the county where Fufeng County Government is located on the right · Xingping City, Shaanxi Province), and Qishan (northeast of Qishan County, Shaanxi Province).Then go to Changping (Chang'an Ban, southeast of Jingyang County, Shaanxi Province), stay overnight at Chiyang Palace (the palace is in Chiyang), and go east to Gaoling (the county where Zuofengyi County Government is located · Gaoling County, Shaanxi Province). On Dinghai Day in December (December Jiawu Shuo, there is no Dinghai), Liu Da returned to the capital Luoyang. 7. Liu Cang, the king of Dongping, was ill. Liu Da sent eunuchs to accompany him to the imperial palace, accompanied by famous doctors.He also specially designated a special-purpose stagecoach to run thousands of miles to report Liu Cang's daily life to the emperor. 1. In spring, on the twenty-ninth day of the first lunar month, Liu Cang, king of Dongping (capital without salt) of the Eastern Han Dynasty (capital Luoyang) passed away, and the emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty (the third Zhangdi) Liu Da (26 years old this year) issued an edict to the prince to assist the eunuch (Zhong Fu), ordered to "collect and report the articles and memorials written by the Prince (Liu Cang) since the 1950s for easy reading."The minister of vassal affairs (Da Honglu) was sent to Dongping Kingdom to attend the funeral "on a festival".Order the four surnames Xiaohou (four surnames: Fan, Yin, Guo, Ma. Refer to 1966), the princes and princesses of each feudal country, to go to Dongping Kingdom for the funeral. 2. In summer, in June, the Northern Huns Khanate (the royal court is located in Harhelin City, Mongolia) Sanmulouzi Chief (adult) Jilusi (resident in Sanmulou Mountain), led more than 30,000 people, and went straight to Wuyuan County ( Baotou City, Inner Mongolia) frontier fortress, surrendered. 3. In winter, on December 7th, Liu Da traveled to Chenliu County (Chenliu Town, southeast of Kaifeng City, Henan Province), Liang State (capital Suiyang), Huaiyang State (capital Chen County), Yingyang County (Xiangcheng City, Henan Province) Northeast of Yingqiao Town in the northeast of the county). On December 21, Liu Da returned to the capital Luoyang. 4. The prince Liu Zhao was crowned prince, and the Liang family did not dare to celebrate blatantly, but they were still secretly rejoicing.When the family surnamed Dou heard the news, they were both disgusted and frightened.In order to monopolize the feelings of her adopted son Liu Zhao, Empress Dou made the Dou surnamed family Liu Zhao's only uncle's family.Constantly making small reports about them in front of Liu Da, the favor of Liang Guiren and sisters began to decline. This year, when the family surnamed Dou knew that Liu Da no longer had any affection for Liang Guiren's sisters, they sent an anonymous letter, imprisoning Liang Guiren's father, Liang Song, into the prison for conspiracy and rebellion.Liang Song was arrested and died in prison, and his family was relegated to Jiuzhen County (Thanh Hoa, Vietnam).Sister Liang Guiren died of sorrow.Liang Song’s confession implicated the older brother Liang Song’s wife, Princess Wuming Liu Yiwang (the first emperor Liu Xiunv), so Liu Yiwang was exiled to Xincheng (Gucheng Village, Southwest Yichuan County, Henan Province). Bo Yang said: The Zhao Hede-style struggle to seize the bed in the Western Han Dynasty reappeared in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The main reason was that the queen had no sons.Whether it is Zhao Hede or Empress Dou, if they have sons, the degree of bloodshed can still be reduced.Zhao Hede is just a beautiful low-level animal, and without a son, he will lose his mind even more.Empress Dou is smarter, and she is not a villain at heart from some things that happened in the future. She got enlightenment from her mother-in-law, Empress Dowager Ma, and raised Liu Zhao since she was a child, which is a hundred times smarter than Zhao Hede.However, her brothers were so stupid that they forced her to go to Liangshan, hitting the sisters surnamed Song once and sisters surnamed Liang twice.Although Queen Mother Ma was strict, she did not kill Liu Da's mother-in-law, Jia Guiren.Because it is only suppressed, resentment is nothing but resentment, if it develops to bloodshed, resentment will escalate into resentment; and resentment can only be relieved by bloodshed.In the success model of Empress Dowager Dou, the Dou family made the biggest mistake: killing Liu Zhao's mother, this is a time bomb that can destroy the Dou family.Cleverness and wisdom can be seen on this line. 5. Ma Liao, Marquis of Shunyang, is cautious, but he has a generous personality and slow response, so he cannot strictly discipline his children.As a result, the children of the Ma family are proud and extravagant, committing crimes and doing evil, and are arrogant.Yang Zhong, the research officer of the Royal Library (school clerk), wrote a letter to warn Ma Liao, saying: "Your Excellency is very honorable, and everyone in the world looks up to your demeanor. However, your younger brothers (Ma Fang, Ma Guang) Young and vigorous, he does not have the mind of Dou Changjun to give in ), but like to make friends who are frivolous, cunning and have no character. If you keep pampering them like this, without teaching them, you will make them take it for granted. Looking back on the past, I feel sorry for your Ma family." Ma Liao could not accept it. Brothers Ma Fang and Ma Guang have a lot of property, calculated in units of 100 million. They have built a large-scale construction project in Luoyang, the capital, and built luxurious mansions.Ma Fang even grazed a large number of cattle and horses in the border areas, and extorted taxes from the Qiang people or other Hu people.Liu Da was very unhappy, and kept condemning him, using any method that could be prohibited.Without the support of the emperor, Majiaban's power naturally went downhill, and the diners gradually dispersed. Ma Liao's son Ma Yu, who was the infantry commander (infantry lieutenant), expressed dissatisfaction with the restrictions and complained in letters.After receiving these letters, the relevant units impeached Ma Yu immediately, and impeached Ma Fang and Ma Guang together: "Luxurious and extravagant, food, clothing, housing, and transportation exceed their status, polluting holy ethics! They should all be removed from office and sent back to their feudal country. " Liu Da approved.However, on the eve of the Ma family's departure, Liu Da issued an edict: "My uncle's family will all be repatriated to the feudal country. Every year, there will be no one to help the sacrifice in the four seasons (the Queen Mother), which makes me sad. Light, stay in Luoyang, the capital, think about your mistakes behind closed doors, and the relevant units don't have to raise any objections, so as to fulfill our brother-in-law's affection." Ma Guang is a little more restrained than Ma Fang, so Liu Da keeps him.Later, Ma Guang was promoted to "Te Jin" (his position was second only to Sangong and above the Marquis at the court meeting).Ma Yu returned to Fengguo with his father (Ma Liao was named "Shunyanghou" and Fengguo is located in the southeast of Xichuan County, Henan Province). For unknown reasons, he was arrested again and died under torture in prison.Later, Liu Da issued another edict ordering Ma Liao to return to the capital (the capital Luoyang). 6. The Majiaban was overthrown, and the Doujiaban filled the vacuum left, and its power rose sharply.Empress Dou's elder brother, Dou Xian, served as a court attendant (servant) and commander of the Huben guard (General Huben Zhonglang).The younger brother, Dou Du, is an attendant of the Forbidden Palace (Huangmen Servant).The brothers are all serving in the court, constantly receiving rewards, and love to make friends and diners. The Supreme Inspector (Sikong) Fifth Lun wrote to the emperor, advising him: "I have observed privately: Dou Xian, the commander of the Huben guard, is the queen's close relative. Cautious and willing to do good, it is true that he likes intellectuals and their way of making friends. However, most of the people who run in the door of the royal relatives and dignitaries have their own troubles or are subject to political prohibition, especially few can He has the moral integrity of keeping things in peace. Some depraved people in the officialdom even tout and recommend each other, and flock to his house in large numbers. This is the hotbed of pride and debauchery. People in Sanfu (that is, Guanzhong, central Shaanxi Province) once came to a conclusion : "Deprived of political rights by being implicated by the emperor's relatives, you still have to rely on the emperor's relatives to recover. It's like being drunk. If you want him to sober up, you have to drink again." Suggestions from Your Majesty and Empress: Strictly order Dou Xian and others to keep their doors closed, and not allow them to casually make friends with officials who are intellectuals (scholars). Disasters have not yet sprouted, so we should try to prevent them. In this way, Dou Xian can maintain his glory forever Wealth and honor. The emperor and his ministers enjoy each other without any gap, this is my greatest wish." Dou Xianzhang relies on his younger sister to be the queen, and her authority is increasing day by day. From the prince and princess down, as well as the Yin family and the Ma family, everyone is very afraid of him and dare not offend him.Dou Xian once forcibly bought the manor of Qinshui princess Liu Zhi (the daughter of the second emperor Liu Zhuang) at a symbolic price, but Liu Zhi dared not refuse.Later, one day, Liu Da passed by there and asked Dou Xian, but Dou Xian secretly stopped people around him from answering truthfully.After a while, Liu Da suddenly realized the truth, became furious, called Dou Xian, and roared, "Think about your crimes. When you robbed the princess's manor, the kind of aura is like Zhao Gao Seven years) What is the difference? The more you think about it, the more frightening and frightening you get. No family dares to break the law; now, even the noble princess has been plundered, how can the common people survive? The country abandons you, Dou Xian, just like abandoning a bird or a rotten rat." Dou Xian was terrified, so his younger sister, Empress Dou, changed into a concubine's clothes and begged Liu Da for mercy. After a long time, Liu Da's anger calmed down; she ordered the manor to be returned to Liu Zhi.Although Dou Xian was not punished by law, he was not taught to hold an important official position. Sima Guang said: The greatest crime of a subject is to deceive the king.Therefore, the wise kings all hate the deceitful behavior of their subjects.It is very appropriate for Liu Da to reprimand Dou Xian for calling a deer a horse.But he did not punish Dou Xian, what scruples do traitors have?The biggest difficulty for a king to his subjects is not knowing who is the evil person. Since he has discovered it and is unwilling to punish it, it is better not to discover it.Why?He committed crimes, and he was afraid that the superiors would find out, and he still had a little fear in his heart.The person in the position already knew it, but it was safe and sound, he didn't even have the slightest fear of it, and he would not care if he indulged boldly.Therefore, knowing who is talented but not using them, and knowing who is not talented but not getting rid of them is the greatest precept of being a leader. 7. Zhou Yu, a native of Xiapi State (the capital of Xiapi), served as the magistrate (order) of Luoyang (the county where the capital is located). After taking office, he first asked the names of local bullies; Said: "I am referring to the royal relatives and relatives - the children of Ma and Dou's family. Who cares about these traffickers and pawns?" After a sap, I dare not be presumptuous.The law and order in the capital Luoyang has recovered well.However, the Dou Du incident soon occurred.Dou Du traveled at night and stayed at the "Stop Traitor Pavilion". Huo Yan, the head of the pavilion, drew his sword, pointed at Dou Du, and yelled at him.Dou Du reported to Liu Da, and Liu Da ordered the commander-in-chief of the Gyeonggi garrison (Lieutenant Sili) and the mayor of the capital Luoyang (Henan Yin) to go to the Palace Secretariat (Shangshu) for interrogation.Armed guards were then sent to arrest Zhou Yu and imprison the Ministry of Justice (Tingwei) in prison.A few days later, he was pardoned and released. Bo Yang said: Sauce jar culture cultivates two extreme personalities that are absolutely opposite: one is low self-esteem, which is so inferior that it voluntarily destroys its own personality; the other is arrogance, which is so arrogant that it is willing to destroy the personality of others. The story of Zhou Yu once again provides us with an example.The Dou and Ma families were vicious and disgusting, but Zhou Yu was not a thug, but a judge.If Dou Du breaks the law, he can be punished, not insulted.Huo Yan cursed loudly, which was a kind of absolute pride.Ordinary people often feel very happy when they see that he dares to be so unscrupulous towards the powerful.However, it is impossible to insult the ordinary people, and it is also impossible to insult the powerful.Huo Yan is just a dog. If the master taught him to bite the powerful, he would bite the powerful. Once the master changed, teach him to bite the small people, and the small people might die under the sword immediately. The temperament of fairness and integrity is based on self-esteem. You will not be given special treatment just because you are powerful, nor will you be particularly harsh just because you are powerful.We admire Zhou Yu for challenging the powerful, but the aftereffects of challenging in this way are terrible.We certainly do not agree with Dou Du's illegal night tour, but we also do not allow Huo Yan's swearing - it is not a healthy cognition to swear at the powerful or at the common people. What we pursue is not to be quick for a while, but to be eternally peaceful. 8. Liu Jin promoted Ban Chao to be the full-fledged chief of staff (General Shi. Under the commander-in-chief, there are chief-of-staff and military and political officials; if there is no commander-in-chief but only a chief of staff, it is called the full-fledged chief of staff and has the same power as a commander-in-chief).Xu Gan was promoted to be a military and political officer (Jun Sima), and Li Yi, a magistrate of the imperial city (Wei Hou), was sent to escort the envoys of the Wusun Kingdom (capital Chigu City) back home. When Li Yi arrived in Khotan State (Hotian City, Xinjiang), it happened that Qiuci State (Kucha County, Xinjiang) was launching an attack on Shule State (Kashgar City, Xinjiang).Then he wrote a letter pointing out: It is absolutely impossible for the Western Regions (Xinjiang and eastern Central Asia) to belong to the Han Dynasty.He also attacked Ban Chao wantonly: "Hold a beautiful wife, hold a beloved son, covet foreign happiness, and no longer miss the Han Dynasty." Hearing this attack, Ban Chao was frustrated and said: "Although I am not Zeng Shen, I have met Zeng Shen three times. Slander (refer to 308 BC), I’m afraid the central government will suspect me.” So he divorced his wife. Knowing Ban Chao's loyalty, Liu Zhen issued an edict to reprimand Li Yi, saying: "Even if Ban Chao is ordered to embrace his wife and son, the Han Dynasty dispatched more than a thousand troops, and everyone misses their hometown. How can they be of one mind with Ban Chao?" When Li Yijin saw Ban Chao, he stayed on as an errand, and then issued an edict to Ban Chao: "If Li Yi is suitable for working in the Western Regions, teach him to be your subordinate." However, Ban Chao ordered Li Yi to escort the prince who was sent as a hostage by the Wusun Kingdom back to Luoyang, the capital.Xu Qian said to Ban Chao: "Li Yi framed you a while ago, and planned to eradicate our achievements in the Western Regions. Why didn't you follow the instructions of the imperial edict, keep him, and then send someone else to send the hostages back to Beijing?" Ban Chao said: "Your I don’t know much, and I sent him back just because he framed me. As long as I feel that what I have done is worthy of my heart, why should I care about other people’s comments? It is not a loyal minister to keep him for the sake of gratification.” 9. Liu Da appointed Zheng Hong, a court entourage (servant) from Kuaiji (Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province), as Minister of Agriculture and Forestry (Da Sinong). In the past, the seven counties of Jiaozhi Prefecture (Rinan County, Jiuzhen County, Jiaozhi County, Hepu County, Yulin County, Cangwu County, and Nanhai County) transported grain and other products to the capital Luoyang, and they had to be transported to Dongye first. (Fuzhou City, Fujian Province), and then use ships to go northward by sea, with high winds and rough waves, high waves and dangerous waves, and tragedies of shipwrecks and fatalities continue to occur. After Zheng Hong took over the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, he asked the central government to excavate the mountain road between Lingling County (Yongzhou City, Hunan Province) and Guiyang County (Chenzhou City, Hunan Province).Since then, the road between Jiaozhi Prefecture and the hinterland of China has been unimpeded. (In 112 years ago, when China attacked the Kingdom of Nanyue, General Fubo Lu Bode set out from Guiyang, and General Ge Chuan Yan set out from Lingling. At that time, there were mountain roads, which may be blocked for more than a hundred years. Zheng Hongte be repaired).He has been in office for two years and saved hundreds of millions of dollars for the country.It happened that there was a severe drought in the world, and there were alarms in the frontiers. The people were short of food, but the treasury was full. Zheng Hong also asked to exempt some local governments from paying tribute to products, reduce people's labor, and relieve folk famine.Liu Da approved. 1. In spring, on the 15th day of the first lunar month, Liu Chang (the second emperor Liu Zhuangzi) of the Eastern Han Dynasty (capital Luoyang) Jiyin (mourning) king (capital Dingtao) passed away. 2. In summer, on April 24th, part of the fiefdom of Dongping Kingdom (capital Wuyan) was divided, and Liu Shang, the son of Liu Cang (Liu Xiuzi), the former Dongping (xian) king, was granted the title of city king (capital Rencheng). 3. On June 7th, Liu Fu (the first emperor Liu Xiuzi) died of Pei (Xian) Wang (capital Xiang County). 4. Many civil and military officials accused: "The talents recommended by each county and each feudal country are incompetent, more and more irresponsible, work efficiency is getting lower and lower, and the responsibility lies with the local government." Liu Da, Emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty (three Zhangdi) (27 years old this year) Order a meeting of high-level officials to discuss.Minister of vassal affairs (Da Honglu) Wei Biao wrote: "The government should take the selection of talented people as its main task. And talented people should take filial piety as the first requirement. Therefore, seeking loyal officials must come from the door of filial sons ("Filial piety") "Jing" language). Ordinary people, moral character and behavior, are rarely able to be excellent at the same time. Therefore, "Meng Gongchuo went to Jin State to serve as the retainer of Zhao and Wei. He was competent. But he was not capable of serving State officer (doctor) of the state of Xue.' (See "The Analects of Confucius Xian Wen Pian" Meng Gongchuo is the state officer of the state of Lu. However, if you teach him to be a government official in a small sesame country such as Teng and Xue, and preside over government affairs, the things are cumbersome and the responsibilities are heavy, he will not be able to do it.) A loyal and filial person with a heart Gentle and honest. An official who is always trying to trap people is relatively cool. When selecting a talented person, the first thing to consider is his character and talent, not his background and whether he is distinguished or not. Family status. The main key lies in the county chief and the prime minister of the state. The county chief and the prime minister of the state are capable, and the talents he recommends may be talents." Then, Wei Biao wrote for the second time: "The nerve center of the government is the Palace Secretariat (Shangshu). How can one not be particularly cautious in selecting a secretary (Shangshu)! Recently, many of them have been super promoted from middle- and lower-level officials, although they are familiar with the provisions of the law. When giving a briefing, they are quick-tongued and fluent in dealing with them, but they are just a little clever. Most of these people do not have the ability to take on major responsibilities. Please think twice about the meritorious deeds of the tiger circle administrator (stinger) for his quick dialogue and Zhou Bo's slow response. (Refer to 177 BC.)” Liu Da accepted it.Wei Biao is the great-great-grandson of Wei Xian (Wei Xian, the prime minister of Liu Bingji, the tenth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, refer to June 1771). 5. In autumn, on July 23, Liu Da issued an edict: "The law expressly stipulates that interrogators can only use the following three methods to obtain confessions: whipping, beating with sticks, and ordering the defendant to stand." ) There are regulations on the length and size of the punishment rod. (144 years ago, Liu Qi, the sixth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, stipulated that the punishment rod is five feet long, the diameter of the handshake is one inch, the end is half an inch thinner, and the bamboo joints are cut off.) But , since the rise of the Great Prison (referring to the case of King Liu Ying of Chu, refer to 1971), most of the interrogations and tortures were cruel. Many clamped the neck, pierced the skin, screamed loudly, and was extremely miserable. Thinking about the pain makes me horrified. Now it is stipulated that the proceedings should be heard in the autumn and winter, and the prohibitions are clearly listed." 6. On August 11, Deng Biao, the commander-in-chief of the national armed forces (Taiwei), was dismissed.Zheng Hong, Minister of Agriculture and Forestry (Da Sinong), was promoted to be the commander-in-chief of the national armed forces. 7. On August 20, Liu Da issued an edict to change the year name (before it was the ninth year of Jianchu, and then it was the first year of Yuanhe). Dingyou Day in August (Jiayinshuo in August, no Dingyou).Liu Da went south to inspect.An edict: In counties and counties along the way, no food can be prepared in advance.The unit of the Supreme Inspector General (Sikong) will bring its own equipment to repair the bridge.If someone is sent to welcome them or inquire about the itinerary, the head of the local government shall be jointly and severally responsible. 8. On September 18, Liu Da arrived in Zhangling (south of Zaoyang City, Hubei Province). On October 7th, go to Jiangling (Jiangling County, the capital of Jiangling State, Hubei Province).On the way home, head to Wancheng (Nanyang City, Henan Province, the county where Nanyang County Government is located).He summoned Zhu Hui, the former county magistrate of Linhuai County (south of Sihong County, Jiangsu Province) and a native of Wan County, and appointed him as the executive officer of the Palace Secretariat (Shang Shu Pu She).During his tenure as governor of Linhuai County, Zhu Hui treated the people benevolently. The people praised him and said: "No fear or no fear / Nanyang Zhu Hui / Officials are afraid of his virtue / People miss his kindness." At that time, he was dismissed for breaking the law. , living at home (Zhu Hui tortured senior officials of the county government to death in prison, was accused by the state government, and Zhu Hui was dismissed), so Liu Da summoned him to be an official. Bo Yang said: Zhu Hui was originally a cruel official who tortured and killed people.Only because of personnel relations, the kite turned around and suddenly jumped into the highest center of the government. Even the state government officials who had been dismissed from their posts at the beginning were under his influence.And just this year, Liu Da just issued an edict prohibiting torture and torture.This is a kind of irony that makes the people lose confidence in the government.He who forbids torture is the one who encourages it. On November 7, Liu Da returned to the capital Luoyang. The court secretary (Shangshu) Zhang Lin suggested: "The local government has insufficient funds. It is best for the government to manufacture salt cooking tools for monopoly and restore the material regulation method in the era of Emperor Wu (the seventh emperor of the Western Han Dynasty Liu Che). Zhu Hui firmly opposed it, saying: " The material adjustment method makes no difference between government officials and businessmen. If the government monopolizes the salt utensils, the salt people will resent the government, which is not what the sage king did." Liu Da lost his temper and severely reprimanded all the court secretaries (shangshu), Zhu Hui Waiting for panic, throwing himself into prison and imprisoning him.Three days later, Liu Da issued an edict to release him, saying: "I am happy to hear the voice of opposition. The old man is not guilty. My accusation is a bit too much. Why did you go to prison?" Zhu Hui then declared that he was ill and refused to sign the bill.The secretary-general of the court (Shang Shuling) was at a loss, and said to him: "We are facing reprimands, how dare we pretend to be sick? I am afraid that disasters cannot be predicted." Zhu Hui said: "I will be eighty years old, and I have been favored to participate in the highest Secrets should be rewarded with death. If you think it is impossible, but follow the orders of your superiors and ignore your conscience, then you will violate the righteousness of being a minister. Now I can't hear, I can't see, I just wait to be killed." Shut up and no longer Speaking, the palace secretaries didn't know how to respond, so they had to impeach Zhu Hui together.刘炟这时怒气已息，命对朱晖不必追究。过了数日，刘炟派值班的禁卫官（直事郎）问候朱晖，又派御医看病，御厨房（太官）送饭，朱晖这才恢复办公，向刘炟谢恩。刘炟再赏赐他钱十万、布一百匹、衣服十套。 9、鲁国（即东海国·首府鲁县）人孔僖、涿郡（河北省涿州市）人崔骃（音yin），一同在首都洛阳国立大学（太学）读书，互相切磋，谈论西汉七任帝（武帝）刘彻，认为刘彻最初登基时，崇信儒家学派，五六年间，被称为有老爹刘启（六任景帝）、祖父刘恒（五任文帝）的政绩；可是后来放纵自己，遂抛弃了从前的善行。 邻房另一位大学生梁郁，听到这些议论，上书皇帝，检举孔僖、崔骃诽谤先帝，借古讽今，讥刺当前政治。案件交付有关单位调查，崔驷先被官员传讯审问；孔僖发现事态严重，上书答辩，说： “诽谤的意义，原是指并没有这件事，而作虚伪的诬陷。至于孝武皇帝（西汉七任帝刘彻），他的美恶得失，统统显示在史书之上，写得比日月在天还要明白，我们不过把史书上的记载，用口头再说一遍而已，并没有任何虚构。皇帝这个角色，无论做好事或做坏事，天下没有人不知道，人们根据这些来评论，无法用诛杀遏止。 “而且，陛下即位以来，无论政治、礼教，都没有过错，而恩德反而增加。这种情形，天下也没有人不知道。我们讥刺些什么？假如我们抨击的是事实，政府固然应该改正；即令我们抨击的不是事实，政府也应包容。我们又有什么罪？陛下不在基本上着眼，考虑到百年大计，而一味忌讳，只求快一时之意。我们被诛杀，不过一死。一死就一死，只怕天下人将因这件事提高警觉，改变思考方式，揣摩陛下的心理状态，从今之后，再遇到政府有错误，终不肯多说一句。 “齐国国君姜小白（十六任桓公），亲自宣扬前任君王的罪恶，以争取管仲，然后文武百官才能献出全副忠心。（《国语》上说：鲁国把管仲绳捆索绑，送回齐国。姜小白亲自到边界上迎接，盛宴招待。姜小白说：“我老哥姜诸儿在位时，兴筑高台，每天打猎，不问国家大事，瞧不起知识分子，而只喜爱美女。宫廷之中，九妃六嫔，小老婆有数百人，吃必吃精细的，，穿必穿华美的衣，可是战士们却挨俄受冻。请问：我应该怎么办？”）而今，陛下却打算替十世以上的祖先，掩盖事实（十世，不是以辈分计，而是以顺序计；从刘炟上推，二世刘庄、三世刘秀、四世刘箕子、五世刘欣、六世刘骜、七世刘奭、八世刘病已、九世刘弗陵、十世刘彻。显然的，当中还少了两世，一是刘婴、一是刘贺），岂不是跟姜小白大不相同！我恐怕主管单位突然定案，衔恨蒙冤，再不能陈述，将使后世评论，擅自把陛下比做昏君，难道再使子孙也追溯掩饰？我现在就匍匐宫门之外，等候诛杀。” 刘炟看到后，下诏：“不要受理这件控案。”并任命孔僖当图书管理员（兰台令史）。 Bo Yang said: 孔僖的勇气，使人崇敬。他跟崔骃，应是中国冤狱史上最幸运的两个知识分子，因为他们终于遇到用理性可以说服的君王。不过，孔僖的观点：“假如我们抨击的是事实，政府固然应该改正，即令我们抨击的不是事实，政府也应包容。”恐怕是知识分子一厢情愿的想法——一种理想主义的想法。对暴君暴官而言，他所以怒火冲天，兴起大狱，往往不是因为你抨击的不是事实，恰恰相反，而正因为你抨击的硬是不折不扣的事实。你抨击的离谱太远，他还有原谅你的可能性，而你嚷嚷他患有梅毒，偏偏他真的患有梅毒，反应才强烈而残忍，他不会“改正”，他只会愤恨你使他露出原形。 梁郁的作为，使人兴起唾他的脸的冲动。但直到今天为止，这种一脸忠贞鲨鱼之辈，仍遍地皆是。不是人们特别喜爱打小报告，而是制度如此。有什么制度，就有什么样的行动反应，当社会风气以告密为荣，认为告密就是效忠时，我们又如何唾得完？又如何特别要唾某一人二人！ 10、十二月一日，刘炟下诏：“以前因违犯'妖言'罪，而三族被剥夺政治权利的（三族：父族、母族、妻族），一律恢复。但仍不可以担任警卫值宿禁宫。” 11、庐江郡（安徽省庐江县）人毛义、东平国人郑均，都以正义的行为，闻名乡里。 南阳郡（河南省南阳市）人张奉，敬慕毛义的名望，前往拜访。刚刚坐定，政府公文恰好到达，任命毛义代理安阳（河南省正阳县南）县长（当时，毛义是安阳县警察官）。毛义捧着公文到后堂报告娘亲，兴奋之情，溢于言表。张奉看到毛义这种伧俗表现，大感失望，告辞而去。后来，毛义的娘亲去世，政府再征召他当官，毛义一一拒绝。张奉叹息说：“对贤能的人，不可以随便评估。当年的兴奋，原来只是为了讨娘亲的欢心。” 郑均的老哥，在县政府当官（《东观汉记》：郑均老哥郑仲，在县政府当乡村警察），常贪污受贿。郑均规劝他，老哥全不接受。郑均就到外县给别人做工，一年有余，把工资送给老哥，说：“钱用光了，可以再赚。官员贪污受贿，一旦被控，终身废弃。”老哥被他感动，遂成为清官。郑均做官做到宫廷秘书（尚书），免职回乡。 刘炟下诏褒扬毛义、郑均，每人赏赐稻谷千斛。每年八月，由地方政府官员问候起居平安，另外再赏赐羊、酒。 12、武威郡（甘肃省武威市）郡长孟云，上书说：北匈奴汗国（王庭设蒙古国哈尔和林市）愿恢复对汉朝的贸易；刘炟批准。北匈奴军区总监（大且渠）伊莫訾王等，驱赶牛马一万余头南下，准备跟汉朝交换物资。南匈奴（王庭设美稷）湖邪尸逐侯鞮单于（二十八任）挛鞮长，得到消息，派出轻装备部队，从上郡（陕西省榆林市南鱼河堡）出发，在中途拦腰突击，夺取大部分牲畜而回。 13、刘炟再一次派副军政官（假司马）和恭，率军八百人，增援西域（新疆及中亚东部）全权参谋长（将兵长史）班超。 班超得到生力军后，征召疏勒国（新疆喀什市）、于阗国（新疆和田市）两国部队，攻击莎车（新疆莎车县）。莎车王用金银财宝贿赂疏勒王忠（姓不详），忠于是背叛东汉政府，下令他的部队退出战场，向西撤退到乌即城（今地不详）。班超遂改封忠的主任秘书（府丞）成大当疏勒王，动员所有仍效忠东汉的部队，攻击乌即城。同时派人说服来协助忠的康居王国（首都卑阗城）远征军，把忠带回康居；乌即城终于投降。（班超于七四年封忠当疏勒王，忠之背叛，使班超遇到进入西域后最大的困难，围攻乌即城半年之久，无法攻破。而康居王国的救兵却越过葱岭抵达，班超就更无法取胜，形势窘迫。当时，月氏王国正好跟康居王国缔结婚姻之好，邦交亲密。班超派出特使，用丰厚的绸缎、布匹、财宝，赠送月氏国国王，由月氏国国王说服康居国国王，康居态度遂作一百八十度转变，裹胁忠等而去。） 1、春季，正月五日，东汉王朝（首都洛阳）皇帝（三任章帝）刘炟（本年二十八岁）下诏：“法令规定：'妇女生儿子的，免除她丈夫的人头税三年。'（前二〇〇年，西汉一任帝刘邦为鼓励增加人口，有此规定。）现在再规定：怀孕的妇女，赏赐她养胎稻谷，每人三斛，免除她丈夫的人头税一年。本诏书即是法律。” 刘炟再下诏给三公：“一般伧俗的官员，只注意外表工作，似是而非，我讨厌透了他们。真正苦干的官员，无不诚诚恳恳，朴朴实实。每天考察他的功劳，好像达不到标准；可是每月考察他功劳，却家足民安，成果超卓。像襄城（河南省襄城县）县长刘方，官员人民异口同声，称他提纲挈领，一点也不琐碎。虽然没有其他特别奇异的表现，但已接近我的要求。有些人认为：苛暴就是洞察；尖刻就是聪明；主张对罪犯从轻发落，就是厚道；主张对过失从重惩处，就是威信。一旦有了这四种观念，人民一定怨恨。我屡屡颁布诏书，使节在道路上前后相接，可是政风并不更好，而人民仍然有身陷法网的事。毛病出在哪里？责任由谁负担？盼望各位官员，勉励深思，遵守过去的法令，使我安心。” 2、北匈奴汗国（王庭设蒙古国哈尔和林市）酋长（大人）车利涿兵等，投奔汉朝，共有七十三批人。当时，北匈奴越发衰弱，文武官员以及广大的部众，纷纷背叛逃亡。南匈奴（王庭设美稷）在南方攻击它，丁零部落（西伯利亚贝加尔湖畔）在北方攻击它，鲜卑部落（内蒙古西辽河上游）在东方攻击它，已归附汉朝的西域（新疆及中亚东部）各国，在西方攻击它。四面都是敌人，再不能自立，遂向更远的地方迁移（王庭西迁至西海附近）。 3、南匈奴湖邪尸逐侯鞮单于（二十八任）挛鞮长逝世。伊伐於虑鞮单于（二十五任）挛鞮汗的儿子挛鞮宣继位，是为伊屠於闾親单于（二十九任）。 4、《太初历》实施迄今，已百有余年（前一〇四年，西汉政府领布历法。因该年是西汉王朝太初元年，故称“太初历”，特征是以正月作为每年的第一个月）。初一日、十五日，跟月亮的圆缺，逐渐不能吻合，稍晚数日（十五日本应月圆，现在十七日、十八日，月才能圆）。刘炟命天文学家编䜣、李梵等，重新校正，作《四分历》。（新王朝建立时，废除《太初历》，改用《三统历》，《三统历》以十二月作为每年的第一个月。东汉王朝建立，再废除《三统历》，恢复《太初历》。） 二月四日，启用《四分历》。 5、刘炟当太子时，向东郡（河南省濮阳市西南）郡长、汝南郡（河南省平舆县西北射桥乡）人张酺（音pu）学习《尚书》。 二月六日，刘炟往东方视察，抵达东郡。引导张酺，以及张酺的学生跟郡政府各级官员，一齐到大厅落座。刘炟先以学生的身份行礼，由张酺讲解《尚书》中的一篇，然后恢复君臣身份，由张酺向刘炟叩头。刘炟特别颁发赏赐，每人都十分满意。 刘炟经过任城（任城国首府·山东省济宁市东南）时，前住郑均家，赐给他宫廷秘书（尚书）的俸禄（宫廷秘书秩俸年六百石，每月七十石），支领终身。时人称之为“白衣秘书”（官员衣服都有刺绣，平民衣服没有刺绣，称“白衣”，也称“素衣”）。 6、二月十五日，刘炟到定陶（济阴郡郡政府所在县·山东省定陶县），举行亲自耕田仪式。 二月二十一日，前往泰山（山东省泰安市北），焚烧木柴，祭祀上天，并到奉高（泰山郡郡政府所在县·山东省泰安市东）。 二月二十二日，在汶上（汶水之畔。汶水，流经泰安市南）皇家大会堂（明堂。西汉七任帝刘彻所建，参考前一〇九年）祭祀五色帝（参考前一六五年四月）。 二月二十六日，赦天下。 二月二十八日，前往济南国（首府东平陵）。 三月十日，前往鲁国（即东海国·首府鲁县）。 三月十一日，在鲁国阙里（山东省曲阜市城内，孔丘的故居），祭祀孔丘以及孔丘的七十二位学生，制作六代音乐（六代：姬轩辕、伊祁放勋、姚重华、姒文命、子天乙、姬发），并接见孔姓家族二十岁以上的男子六十二人。刘炟问孔僖，说：“今天的集会，对你们孔家，是不是一项荣耀？”孔僖回答：“我听说，圣明的君王，没有人不尊师敬道。现在陛下以最尊贵的身份，亲自驾临我们卑微的街巷，完全为了尊敬先师（孔丘），更发扬陛下神圣的品德。至于荣耀，实不敢当。”刘炟大笑说：“不是圣人的子孙，怎能说出这样的话？”任命孔僖当王宫禁卫官（郎中）。 7、三月十三日，刘炟抵达东平国（首府无盐），追念前王（献王）刘苍，告诉刘苍的儿子们说：“想念他这个人，来到他的家乡，房舍还存，人已死亡！”流下眼泪，沾湿衣襟。又到刘苍坟墓，用太牢（牛猪羊各一）祭祀。亲自到祠堂祭拜牌位，哭泣尽哀。 当初（六一年），刘苍从京师回国，骠骑将军府官员丁牧、周栩，受到刘苍礼贤下士的感动，不忍离去。遂转任亲王府家臣，已达十年（迄今二十五年），侍奉刘苍祖孙三代（一任献王刘苍、二任怀王刘忠、三任孝王刘敞）。刘炟知道之后，召见他们，既悲悯他们久居下位，又准备宣扬叔父刘苍的美德，遂擢升二人当中央政府参议官（议郎）。 三月十六日，刘炟前往东阿（山东省阳谷县东北阿城镇），北行，登太行山，到天井关（山西省晋城市南）。 夏季，四月六日，返回首都洛阳。 四月十一日，祭祀皇家祭庙，向父祖在天之灵，报告视察四方的经过。 8、五月，改封江陵王（首府江陵）刘恭当六安王（首府舒县）。 9、秋季，七月二十三日，刘炟下诏：“《春秋》尊敬'三正'，重视'三微'（周王朝以十一月，商王朝以十二月，夏王朝以正月，为一年的第一个月，称“三正”，这时万物蛰伏冰冻的大地下，行动缓慢，人们无法察觉，所以，也称“三微”）。现在规定：每年十一月、十二月，不准处决囚犯，只准十月处决囚犯。” 10、冬季，南匈奴（王庭设美稷）单于（二十九任）挛鞮宣，派军向北推进，跟北匈奴（王庭设西海附近）温禺犊王，在涿邪山（蒙古国巴彦温都尔山）发生遭遇战。南匈奴军大胜，斩杀及俘虏北匈奴人民和家畜后，撤退。 武威郡（甘肃省武威市）郡长（太守）孟云，上书说：“北匈奴早已跟我国和解，南匈奴再去抢夺，北匈奴单于（名不详）会认为我国在玩弄他们，可能侵犯边塞。最好使南匈奴单于把抢夺北匈奴的人民和家畜，全部归还，用来化解北匈奴的敌意。” 刘炟命文武百官在金銮宝殿上举行会议，共同讨论。全国武装部队总司令（太尉）郑弘、最高监察长（司空）第五伦，认为不应该归还。宰相（司徒）桓虞及交通部长（太仆）袁安，认为应该归还。郑弘疾颜厉色的向桓虞呐喊：“凡是主张应该归还的，全是叛徒！”桓虞喝止他不得无礼；第五伦跟藩属事务部长（大鸿胪）韦彪，都拉下脸来。 京畿卫戍总司令（司隶校尉）遂弹劾郑弘等，郑弘等都缴还印信（表示辞职），请求处分。刘炟下诏说：“一件事情，反复讨论，久久不能决定，不过是因为每个人的意见都不相同。然而，重大问题，需要集思广益。经过深入的探讨之后，所决定的政策，才能完善。诚实、正直、和睦，是会议的基本精神。如果都不说话，绝不是国家之福。你们有什么罪，要辞职以谢？请各人戴上官帽，穿上官服。” 最后，刘炟决定归还，下诏说：“天下河流，有千万条，长江大海所以比其他的都大，因为地势低下之故。汉朝便是受点委屈，又有什么关系？何况，跟北匈奴之间，君臣的名分，早已确定。北匈奴的言辞恭顺、誓约明显，进贡从来没有中断，汉朝岂可违背信义？自己理亏？兹命北疆边防司令（领度辽将军）兼匈奴协防司令（护匈奴中郎将）庞奋，用加倍的价钱，向南匈奴赎回所俘虏的人民、家畜，归还北匈奴。而南匈奴官兵杀敌擒敌，仍依照惯例，论功行赏。” 1、春季，正月二十二日，东汉王朝（首都洛阳）皇帝（三任章帝）刘炟（本年二十九岁）到北方视察。 正月二十七日，刘炟在怀县（河内郡郡政府所在县·河南省武陟县）举行亲自耕田仪式。 二月二十一日，刘炟训令执法监察官（侍御史）、最高监察长（司空）：“正值春暖花开，我所经过的地方，不应造成损害。车辆可以绕道的，绕道；边马（腓马）可以解除时，解除。”（御车出动，由四匹马并驾齐驱。当中的两马称“服马”，外侧的两马称“腓马”。） 二月二十四日，刘炟抵达中山国（首府卢奴），越过战国时代赵王国所筑的长城。 二月二十九日，刘炟返抵元氏（常山郡郡政府所在县·河北省元氏县）。 三月六日，刘炟前往赵国（首府邯郸）。 三月十八日，刘炟返回首都洛阳。 2、全国武装部队总司令（太尉）郑弘，不断向刘炟指出宫廷随从（侍中）窦宪，权势太盛。（郑弘）情意悲苦恳切，窦宪恨透了郑弘。 正巧，郑弘弹劾属于窦家班的宫廷秘书（尚书）张林、洛阳（首都所在县）县长杨光，贪赃枉法，行为残暴。缮写奏章的文书员，跟杨光原有交情，遂秘密通知杨光。杨光报告窦宪，窦宪立即反击，弹劾郑弘身为国家最重要的高级官员，却泄露机密。刘炟追查责任，责备郑弘。 夏季，四月二十三日，收缴郑弘印信（免职）。郑弘恐惧，亲自到司法部（廷尉）报到，听候审判。刘炟下诏命他出狱。郑弘请求返回故乡，刘炟不准。郑弘病情转重，临死之前，上书谢恩，但仍抨击窦宪说：“窦宪的奸恶，上达于天，下通于地。四海之内，明显可见，人人困惑，无论贤明的或愚昧的人，都憎恶他，说：窦宪有什么奇妙方法，能迷住主上？王姓家族（指西汉王朝王家班）的灾祸，人人皆知。陛下居于天子的尊位，保护国家万世的太平，却信任奸恶