Chapter 3 2. Wang Mang's usurpation

In the middle of this century, the extremely corrupt regime of the Western Han Dynasty ran downhill, and was finally completely taken over by his assistant minister Wang Mang.Liu Bang's Western Han Dynasty fell, and Wang Mang's new dynasty was established.Wang Mang is a great Confucian of the Confucian school. After he came to power, he deliberately implemented the ancient political system most admired by the Confucian school. As a result, he caused chaos in the whole country and forced all ethnic minorities, including the Huns, to become enemies of the Han people.The new dynasty collapsed after only fifteen years.Liu Xiu, a Miao descendant of the royal family of the Western Han Dynasty, unified the country after the melee and established the Eastern Han Dynasty. Although the Qiang people fought and the Western Regions were lost, the Eastern Han Dynasty remained quite strong.

1. In spring, the first month, Wang Mang (the second of the three princes) Da Sima (the second of the three princes) of the Western Han Dynasty (capital Chang'an), secretly ordered Yizhou County (Dongjin Town, Jinning County, Yunnan Province) to mobilize outside the border, calling himself Yueshang The leaders of the tribe, after several translations, presented a white pheasant and two black pheasants to the Western Han Dynasty (the exact location of the Yueshang tribe has never been clear, only that they are in what is now southern Vietnam. And southern Vietnam and Yizhou The county does not border. Wang Mang already enjoys a high reputation in the country, and he uses the Yueshang tribe, which no one knows where but knows to be far away, to heighten his prestige).Wang Mang reported this important event to the Empress Dowager Wang Zhengjun, and Wang Zhengjun issued an edict: "Use white pheasants to sacrifice to the Royal Ancestral Temple (Tai Temple)." Therefore, government officials praised Wang Mang's merits, saying: "Like Ji Dan (Duke Zhou) Just as Wang Mang made the Zhou Dynasty obtain the auspiciousness of the white pheasant, Wang Mang also made the Western Han Dynasty obtain the auspiciousness of the white pheasant. When Ji Dan was alive, he was called the Duke of Zhou. It is a very high honorary title. Therefore, Wang Mang should be promoted as duke, duke of Anhan, and his fief should be full." Yap.)

Wang Zhengjun ordered the court secretary (Shangshu) to discuss it, and Wang Mang wrote a letter saying: "Kong Guang, Wang Shun, Zhen Feng, and Zhen Han, I have jointly decided on a major national policy plan to welcome the current emperor (Liu Jizi), and I only hope that the four of them will give credit to them. Please don’t list my small contributions.” Zhen Han reported to Wang Zhengjun, who issued an edict to Wang Mang: “The Book of History says: ‘No partiality, no partisanship, the king’s principles are just so straightforward. 'You have the meritorious service to stabilize the country, you can't deliberately bury it just because you and I are blood relatives, and you can't refuse." But Wang Mang resolutely refused-not only refused repeatedly, but also refused repeatedly.When the refusal could not be approved, he declared that he was sick and bedridden, which was used to show his humble determination.Left and right said to Wang Zhengjun: "It's best not to force Wang Mang too much. It is enough to reward Kong Guang and others; so that Wang Mang is willing to get up." Wang Zhengjun agreed.

On February 28th, Wang Zhengjun issued an edict: "Promote Taifu and Boshan Hou Kongguang to be Taishi. Cheqi General and Anyang Hou Wangshun will be Taibao, and each will increase 10,000 families in the fief. Promote Zuo General and Palace Guard Officer The Commander (Guang Luxun) Zhen Feng was a Shaofu (royal teacher) and granted the title of Marquis of Guangyang. The above three were respectively the three assistants in the "four assistants" (four assistants: Qianyi, Houcheng, Zuofu, Youbi .Refer to September of the previous year). Entitle the court entourage (servant) and the director of the imperial chariot (Fengche Duwei) Zhen Han as Chengyang Marquis."

Now that the four are high-ranking officials, Wang Mang is still complaining about his illness.So the civil and military officials made another memorial: "Although Wang Mang is modest, the country must still praise those who should be praised, and rewards should be issued in a timely manner, so that the meritorious deeds can be shown to the world, and the civil and military officials should not be disappointed with the people of the whole country." Wang Zhengjun Then an edict was issued: "Promote Da Sima (the second of the three lords), and Wang Mang, the Marquis of the new capital, to be the Taifu ("Taifu", "Taishi" and "Taibao", called "Shang Sangong", the Taishi is the most honorable, and Wang Mang is the Taifu) Empress Fu, the Taifu is the most honorable), presided over the affairs of the "Four Assistants", was named Duke of Jin, and was called "An Han Gong", with 28,000 households in the fief." (18,000 more than "Taishi" and "Taibao") Qianhu) So Wang Mang pretended to be even more terrified, thinking that if he continued to be sick, the official rank might still be promoted. In order to avoid this embarrassing situation, he had to reluctantly recover from his illness and resume his work.But he only accepted the titles of "Tai Tu" and "An Han Gong", not the fief.The memorial was submitted and said: "I am willing to wait until every family in the whole country can live above the standard before accepting the award." The tail-waving system tried its best to fight for it, and Wang Zhengjun then issued an edict: "You hope to wait until every family can live above the standard. Life, I respect your opinion; but your salary will be doubled; when every family in the country lives above the standard of living, Da Situ (one of the three gongs), Da Sikong (the third of the three gongs), Report again."

Wang Mang once again refused twice the salary, and suggested that the royal family officials surnamed Liu should be praised first.Therefore, Wang Zhengjun ordered: Liu Kaiming, the son of the former Dongping King Liu Yun (refer to the first five years), was named as the successor of Dongping King; (The capital is Lunu), as a descendant of Liu Xing, the king of Zhongshan (Liu Xing's only son Liu Jizi has become emperor); he was granted the title of 36 marquises including the tenth emperor Liu Bingji's great-grandson Liu Xin.Twenty-five people, including Minister of Communications (Private Servant) Wang Yun, were all sealed off as Marquis of Guannei (Wang Yun was rewarded for disobedience to Queen Mother Fu).An edict was also issued: all princes, dukes, marquises, and Marquises of Guannei, who have no eldest son, but have grandchildren born to a common son, or have sons of the same mother and brothers, can inherit the title (the Western Han Dynasty system, if there is no eldest son, is "No son", "no son" means the country will be closed).Close relatives of the royal family who were removed from the family tree due to crimes will be restored to their original records.Senior officials above the central director level (more than two thousand stones) retire at an old age, and one-third of their salary will be used as a pension until death.For the civilians and widowers (without wives) and widows (without husbands), the care is deep, as long as it is beneficial to the people, it will be implemented.

Wang Mang pursued a stronger dictatorial power after officials and people all over the country were grateful for joy; knowing that the Empress Dowager Wang Zhengjun was old (Wang Zhengjun is 72 years old this year), he was tired of state affairs.Therefore, he instigated senior officials to write a memorial: "In the past, local government officials were promoted step by step because of their excellent performance, and finally they were promoted to ministers (two thousand stones). And the excellent officials recommended by the governors (inspectors) of each state (department) are in fact In fact, their talents are often not suitable for their positions. In order to be particularly prudent and strengthen government functions, these people should be interviewed and inspected by An Hangong before they are appointed. The empress dowager is old and her body is important. Handle such trivial affairs." Under the guidance of Wang Zhengjun, he issued an edict saying: "From now on, only such important matters as conferring titles will be reported to me. Other matters will be given to An Han Gong and Si Fu (Kong Guang, Wang Shun, Zhen Feng, Wang Mang), they will decide. Plenipotentiary governors (state shepherds), ministerial officials (two thousand stones) and outstanding talents who should be summoned when they take office for the first time, all go directly to Duke An Han, and An Han The Duke of Han (Wang Mang) checks his past work, asks about his future plans, and checks whether he is capable of taking charge." (This is a major turning point, since then, the power to appoint officials, big and small, has slipped quietly into Wang Mang's hands. Once you have the power to appoint officials, you are in control of the government.)

When Wang Mang met these officials, he was modest and sincere, had a long talk with them, and was very kind and caring. Before leaving, he would send generous gifts.Those who cannot cater to his will will be reported to Wang Zhengjun and removed from office.Wang Mang's power gradually became equal to that of the emperor. 2. The government of the Western Han Dynasty set up an official "Xihe" to receive the ministerial annual salary. ("Xi He" was the chief minister in the era of Yi Qi Fangxun and Yao Chonghua. Later, "Da Si Nong" was renamed "Xi He", and then translated as Minister of Agriculture and Forestry. This is the second thing in Wang Mang's series of retroactive actions.)

3. Summer, May 1st, solar eclipse.Amnesty to the world, ordered officials below the ministerial level (public ministers) to recommend one person each for "honest" and "outspoken". 4. Wang Mang was deeply afraid that the uncle of Emperor Liu Jizi of the Western Han Dynasty (the 14th Ping Emperor), the family surnamed Wei, would seize power, so he reported to Wang Zhengjun: "In the past, Emperor Ai (the 13th Emperor Liu Xin) sat on the throne and immediately became ungrateful. He promoted his relatives Ding's family (mother's family) and Fu's family (grandmother's family) to the position of powerful and powerful, which plunged the country into chaos and almost overturned the royal ancestral temple. Now, the emperor (Liu Jizi) is the successor to Dazong (the first son system) , as the son of Emperor Cheng (the twelfth emperor Liu Ao), we should especially emphasize the righteousness of the orthodoxy of the patriarchal clan, and stop caring about personal interests. Take the past as a lesson and set an example for future generations to follow."

In June, Zhen Feng, one of the "Four Auxiliaries", was sent to Zhongshan Kingdom with a seal letter, and made Liu Jizi's mother Wei Ji Zhongshan Queen of Xiao, and Liu Jizi's uncle Wei Bao and Wei Bao's younger brother Wei Xuan were made Marquis of the Pass. .Liu Jizi's three younger sisters were named "jun".They were ordered to stay in Zhongshan State and not allowed to go to the capital Chang'an. Shen Tugang, the administrative officer (Gongcao) of the West Chang'an Municipal Government (You Fufeng), was recommended to be "blunt", and said on the test paper: "I heard that Ji Song (the second king of the Zhou Dynasty, Chengwang) was young, and Ji Dan presided over it. The government adopts the opinions of civil talents, divides power, and popularizes the favor of the king. Every move conforms to the heaven and earth, and there are no mistakes or faults. However, in the government, Ji Shi (Zhao Gong) is not happy; outside the government , the four feudal states also created rumors (Li Xian's commentary quoted "Shangshu": "Since Ji Dan returned the government to the emperor, she should retire, and should not remain in the government and continue to serve as prime minister, so Ji Shi was very unhappy." The Four Kingdoms: Guan Guo, Cai Guo, Huo Guo, and Yin Guo, they suspected that Ji Dan might have unfavorable actions against the young emperor). Now, the emperor has just left his infancy (Liu Jizi is ten years old this year). They were separated, and relatives were cut off, so that the kindness could not be exchanged. At the same time, the system of the Western Han Dynasty, although appointing talents, also relied on the royal family. The relationship was intertwined, restrained each other, and blocked bad intentions. The purpose was to ensure the safety of the royal ancestral temple and the country. Therefore, envoys should be sent quickly to recruit the Empress Dowager Zhongshan (Liu Jizi's mother's mother Wei Ji) to the capital Chang'an, and settle in another palace so that their mother and child can meet each other frequently. Then recruit the Feng family (Liu Jizi's grandmother's natal family), the Wei family ( Liu Jizi’s mother’s family) went to Chang’an, the capital, and taught them to take up idle official positions, so that they could hold weapons and serve as guards in the court. Only in this way can disasters be prevented, the country can be protected from above, and the “four assistants” can be protected from below.” Wang Mang taught Wangzheng The emperor issued an edict: "Shen Tugang's remarks betrayed the classics of the Confucian school and violated righteousness." He was dismissed and sent back to his hometown.

5. On May 20, Ji Kuan, the eighth grandson of Ji Yu (274 BC to 249 BC), the last monarch of the State of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period (the thirty-seventh Duke Xiang), was granted the title of Marquis of Baolu. Responsible for the sacrifice of the ancestor Ji Dan (108 years ago, the second king of the Zhou Dynasty, Ji Song, made Ji Boqin, the son of Ji Dan, the king of the Lu Kingdom).Kong Jun, the great-grandson of Kongba, who was the king of Baocheng, was granted the title of Marquis of Baocheng, responsible for offering sacrifices to his ancestor Kong Qiu. 6. Issue an edict (it is not specified who issued the edict, it may be in the name of the Empress Dowager Wang Zhengjun, or in the name of the Emperor Liu Jizi, but no matter who is in the name, it is actually Wang Mang): "Anyone who has been sentenced to torture is determined The girls are allowed to be released and go home, but they have to pay 300 yuan a month, and the government will hire people to perform labor on their behalf (for the purpose of promoting the kindness of the empress dowager Wang Zhengjun). For chaste girls, each township One person, exempted from her family's servants. Send thirteen agricultural consultants (Dasinong Bucheng) to the thirteen prefectures, one person from each prefecture, to encourage and guide the people to plant mulberry and plow the fields." 7. In autumn and September, the prisoners in the world are pardoned. 1. In spring, Huang Zhiguo paid tribute to the rhinoceros to the Western Han Dynasty.Huang Zhiguo is in the South China Sea, 30,000 miles away from the capital Chang'an (in the southernmost part of Vietnam, it seems to be farther than the Yue Chang tribe).Wang Mang, the Duke of Anhan, wanted to show off his prestige and virtue, so he first sent a heavy bribe to Huang Zhiguo and ordered them to send people to pay tribute. 2. "Yellow Dragon" was found swimming in the Yangtze River in Yuejuan County (Xichang City, Sichuan Province).Taishi (the second of the Shang Sangong) Kong Guang, Da Situ (one of the three princes) Ma Gong and others agreed: "Wang Mang's merits and virtues can be compared with Jidan (Zhou Gong), and he should report to the royal ancestral temple." Minister of Agriculture and Forestry (Da Si Nong) ) Sun Bao said: "Ji Dan is the greatest sage, and Ji Shuang (Zhao Gong) is the most noble sage. They can't get along with each other. After the situation, it is recorded in the Confucian classics. But there is nothing about the personalities of the two. Hurt. Today, the world is not smooth and rainy, and there is no family to give. However, whenever there is a small matter, the Chinese and military officials of the government speak in unison, and their opinions are completely consistent. Could it be that what we praise is something that should not be praised?" As soon as these words were spoken, all the officials were seized by fear, and their faces changed completely.Zhen Han, the commander of the Imperial Guard (Guang Luxun), immediately announced that he was instructed by the imperial decree to stop the discussion. At this time, it happened that Sun Bao sent someone to meet his mother, but her mother fell ill on the way and stayed at the younger brother's house, and ordered Sun Bao's wife to go to Chang'an first.Chen Chong, the executive officer of the Prime Minister's Office (Sizhi), immediately impeached Sun Bao for being unfilial to his parents.The memorial was delivered to Sangong, and Sun Bao was asked to explain it face to face.Sun Bao said: "I'm seventy years old, and I'm a fool. I don't know how to support my mother. I only know how to support my wife. I should be punished by law." It's useless to reply, and I know that if I stay, the disaster may be even greater.) So Sun Bao was dismissed from his post and died in his own house. 3. Liu Jizi (11 years old this year), Emperor of the Western Han Dynasty (fourteenth Pingdi), changed his name to Liu Yan (sound kan. This is the second king in Chinese history who changed his name after ascending the throne. The first one was Liu Bingji, who changed his name to Liu Xun .Refer to the first six or four years). 4. On March 21st, Da Sikong (the third of the three) Wang Chong, in order to avoid Wang Mang, resigned due to illness. 5. In summer, on April 16th, the left general Zhen Feng was promoted to be the Grand Sikong, the right general Sun Jian was promoted to the left general, and the commander of the court guard officer Zhen Han was promoted to the right general. 6. Liu Ruyi, the son of the great-grandson of Liu Can, the king of Fengdai (Xiao) (the capital of Dai County), should be the king of Guangzong (the capital of Guangzong), and the grandson of Liu Fei (the capital of Jiangdu (Yi) King (capital of Guangling) Xutaihou Liu Gongdang Liu Lun, the great-grandson of Guangchuan King (capital Xindu) and Guangchuan (Hui) King Liu Yue, became Guangde King (capital Guangde). He also issued an edict to restore the descendants of heroes who lost their titles since the establishment of the Western Han Dynasty—Zhou Gong (Zhou Gong, Zhou Bo's great-great-grandson), etc.: Marquis, Guannei Hou, a total of 117 people. 7. Major droughts and locust disasters in all counties and countries.Qingzhou (northern Shandong Province) was particularly serious, and people were exiled in all directions.Wang Mang suggested that Wang Zhengjun: change to plain clothes without patterns, reduce the number of royal meals, show the world's concern for the victims of the disaster, and also show the royal family's savings.Wang Mang took the opportunity to go to the sparse, claiming to donate 1 million yuan and donate 30 hectares (3,000 mu) of land to the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry to help the poor.After Wang Mang started, senior officials all scrambled to follow suit. A total of 230 people donated their fields and houses, and they were allocated to poor people according to their numbers.In Chang'an, the capital, 200 civilian houses in five "li" were built and distributed to the poor one after another.Then, Wang Mang led all the government officials to report to Wang Zhengjun: "The country is fortunate to have received the favor of Your Majesty. Recently, the wind and rain have been timely, the dew has fallen, the Ganoderma lucidum has appeared, and the pods have grown (the pods are a legendary strange tree. "White Tiger Tong" says: This strange tree will produce a pod every day from the first day, and it will stop on the fifteenth day. From the sixteenth day, it will drop one pod every day, and it will stop at the end of the month). Prosperous, golden harvests are flourishing. The omens of auspiciousness will come at once. Your Majesty, please restore the king’s normal clothes and normal food supply. Let us as subjects be at ease and serve as best we can.” Wang Mang also instructed Wang Zhengjun to issue an edict to resign.However, whenever there was a flood or drought, Wang Mang would not eat meat, but only vegetarian dishes, and reported to Wang Zhengjun. Wang Zhengjun issued an edict to Wang Mang: "I heard that you only eat vegetarian dishes. Fortunately, the autumn crops are abundant, and you should eat meat immediately to take care of your health for the country." 8. In June, two meteorites fell from the sky and fell to Julu (Pingxiang County, Hebei Province). 9. Gong Sheng, a special-level state official (doctor Guanglu) from Chu State (capital Pengcheng), and a middle-level state official (doctor Taizhong) from Langye (Zhucheng City, Shandong Province) were from Binghan. They could not bear Wang Mang's dictatorship and requested to resign at the same time.Wang Mang taught Wang Zhengjun to issue an edict and said: "I can't force official positions on you, you can do what you want and reach old age." He was rewarded generously and sent back to his hometown. 10. Mei Fu (refer to the first four years) saw that Wang Mang would usurp the power of the Western Han Dynasty in the future. One day, he suddenly abandoned his wife and children and disappeared, not knowing where he was going.Later, someone saw him in Kuaiji County (Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province). He had changed his name and surname, and he was guarding the city gate there. Bo Yang said: Mei Fu's actions are difficult to understand. Whether Wang Mang usurps power or not, for Mei Fu, a commoner, there is no direct disaster, and there is no need to run for his life first.If it was to protect his allegiance to the Western Han Dynasty, then it would be too late for usurpation, and how could he be sure that Wang Mang would usurp it?If the Empress Dowager Wang Zhengjun dies this year, Wang Mang's future is still uncertain.As for going to Kuaiji County to change your name and surname to guard the city gate, it is even more inconceivable.Kuaiji is not only a large county, but also the city gate is an important traffic route.Mei Fu once worked as a police officer in Nanchang County (Nanchang Wei), wouldn't he risk revealing his identity at any time?And just the difference in speech accent makes him have to be particularly eye-catching and cannot achieve the purpose of hiding. We speculate: Mei Fu may have died of reasons unknown so far, or was murdered, and guarded the city gate, but "someone" made rumors deliberately, just because Wang Mang later launched a coup, traditional historians then gave political explanations and framed To Wang Mang's head. 11. In autumn, on September 30, a solar eclipse.Pardon the prisoners in prison. 12. Wang Mang, Duke of Anhan, sent Chen Mao, the investigative officer of the capital Chang'an Garrison District (Jin Wu Hou), to persuade the gangsters to become serious.Cheng Zhong led more than 200 members of his party, surrendered and surrendered.The Western Han government sent them back to their hometowns respectively.Cheng Zhong settled in Yunyang (Chunhua County, Shaanxi Province), and rewarded him with public land and houses. 13. Wang Mang wanted to make his aunt Wang Zhengjun feel that her prestige and kindness were unprecedentedly greater than before.Therefore, he instigated the Huns Khanate (the king's court was located in Harhelin City, Mongolia) Wuzhu to stay Ruotan Shanyu (the eighteenth term) and Wang Zhaojun (Wang Zhaojun married Huhanxie Shanyu of the Huns, refer to The eldest daughter, Princess Xubu, who was born in the first three or three years) was sent to the Western Han Dynasty to serve Wang Zhengjun. 14. Cheshihouguo (the capital of Wutu Valley), there is a new trail that can go directly to Yumen Pass (northwest of Dunhuang City, Gansu Province), which is much closer than the existing road (the new road bypasses the Bailongdui Desert, which can be nearly half the distance).The Wuji commander (Wuji school lieutenant) Xu Pu, who belongs to the governor (duhu) of the Western Regions, intends to expand (Wuji was originally two units, but now there is only one commander. I don’t know if they have been merged? Or temporarily concurrently), Che Division Queen Wang Guju believed that they were located at the hub of the North Road (southern foot of Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang) from the Western Han Dynasty to the Western Regions (Xinjiang and Eastern Central Asia). burden, so I don't want Xu Pu's wish to come true. Xu Pu planned to measure the border first, and then report to the central government.So he summoned Guju to the headquarters (Wuji headquarters set up Gaochangbi), and asked him to prove that the new way was indeed closer to the old way, but Guju refused, so Xu Pu detained Guju.Guju’s wife, Zouzi (sound zou), said to Guju: “Once upon a time, the king of Cheshi’s former state (capital Jiaohe City) was killed by the military and political officer (Sima) of the Governor’s Mansion of the Western Regions in the Western Han Dynasty (there is no record of this incident. ), now that you have been imprisoned for so long, I am afraid that you will die, so it is better to surrender to the Xiongnu." Then he launched a surprise attack, rescued Guju, led the troops, broke through the Gaochang Wall, and fled into the Xiongnu. ("Gaochang Wall" first appeared in history books. In 460, Que Bozhou established an independent regime here, so he named it Gaochang Kingdom.) At the same time as this incident, the Raoqiang Kingdom (southeast of the Altun Mountains in the southeast of Ruoqiang County, Xinjiang) went to Tangdou, the king of Hulai (that is, the king of the Raoqiang), and the neighboring Chishui Qiang tribe continued to attack each other.Tang Dou was defeated and asked for help from Dan Qin (Dan, surname), the governor (duhu) of the Western Regions of China.But Qin dodged the delay and could not send troops in time.Tang Dou fled east to Yumen Pass, but Yumen Pass refused to take him in.Tang Dou was embarrassed and resented Dan Qin, so he had to lead his wife and more than a thousand people who followed him to flee to the Xiongnu.The Xiongnu took them in and settled them in the pasture of King Zuoguli. The Xiongnu Khanate reported the situation of taking Guju and Tangdou to the Western Han Dynasty.Han Long, the royal guard commander (General Zhonglang) of the Western Han government, etc., went to the Xiongnu and severely reprimanded them for taking in the traitors who resisted the Western Han Dynasty.Wu Zhuliu Ruo'an Shan Yu's swollen bag knew Yasi panicked, kowtowed to ask for forgiveness, tied up Guju and Tangdou, and handed them over to the envoys of the Western Han Dynasty.The Western Han government ordered another royal guard commander, Wang Meng, to wait for the prisoners in the Madunu Valley in the Western Regions (unknown today).On the one hand, Nangzhiyasi sent people to escort the two to the Edunu Valley, and on the other hand, he wrote a memorial to the Western Han government, stating the reason why the two were forced to flee, and begging for forgiveness.The envoys of the Western Han Dynasty forwarded the report, but Wang Mang refused, and issued an edict to summon all the kings of the Western Regions to execute Guju and Tangdou in front of everyone.Four regulations were enacted: 1. The Han people who fled to the Huns; 2. People from the Wusun Kingdom who fled to the Huns; 3. Those who fled to the Xiongnu countries in the Western Regions and accepted the titles of the Western Han Dynasty; 4. The Wuhuan tribe who fled to the Xiongnu. The Huns Khanate cannot accept fugitives who fall within the above four regulations.The Western Han government then sent Royal Guard Commanders Wang Jun and Wang Chang, Deputy Commanders (Deputy Captains) Zhen Fu and Wang Xun to the Xiongnu; put these four conditions in the envelope of the official letter of credence and hand them over to the Huns. The bag knows the teeth and executes it.And withdraw the restraining edict formulated by the tenth emperor Liu Bingji (at that time, the restriction was: the south of the Great Wall belonged to the Western Han Dynasty, and the north of the Great Wall belonged to the Xiongnu. , to replace the original agreement. Refer to the previous five years). At this time, Wang Mang had begun to seek the realization of the Confucian school's ideal of advocating the ancients and returning to the past, and was launching a "single-name movement" (at the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, the Han people all had one-character names, such as Jifa, Jidan, and Kongqiu. After the middle period, two-character names gradually appeared. This was a reaction against ancient culture, and the Confucian school was heartbroken. "Chunqiu Gongyang Zhuan" (504 years ago): "Jisunsi, Zhongsunji, rate The army surrounded Yunyi. This Zhongsunji was Zhongsun Heji. Why did he call him Zhongsunji and remove the word "He"? The purpose was to ridicule him for using two characters as his name. Using two characters for a person's name is not in line with etiquette." Wang Mang is A radical of the Confucian school, his advocacy and restoration movement started from the restoration of single names).So he taught the envoys of the Western Han Dynasty to tell the spirit of the movement to Tongda Nang Zhiyasi (Tongda Nang Zhiyasi actually used four characters for his name, in Wang Mang's view, it was even more deviant).It is suggested that he should write a letter to the Western Han Dynasty, expressing his gratitude to the beautiful culture of the Western Han Dynasty, and change it to a single name with one character.If this can be done, the Western Han Dynasty will reward them with generous rewards.Nangzhiyasi didn't care about single names, but he cared about gold and silver treasures, so he wrote a letter saying: "I am fortunate to be a vassal of the Western Han Dynasty, and I am happy to see the system of the Holy King of Peace. My real name is Nangzhiyasi. From today From then on, I changed my name to Zhi—Shuangda Zhi.” Wang Mang was very happy and reported it to Wang Zhengjun.Send envoys to reward, and there are countless rewards. 15. Wang Mang planned to marry his daughter to Liu Jizi, the eleven-year-old young emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, to consolidate his power.Therefore, the memorial said: "It has been three years since the emperor ascended the throne. The empress has not yet been confirmed, and the concubine group (媵) has not yet been established. For many years, the biggest crisis of the country is that the emperor has no children. And the emperor has no children, because the wife came. The road is not correct. I suggest to examine the Five Classics of Confucianism ("Book of Books", "Book of Rites", "Spring and Autumn"), so that the selection of the "twelve wives and concubines" can be brought into the right track ("Chunqiu Gongyang Zhuan": In ancient times, the emperor married twelve wives and concubines). Women.: The emperor married twelve daughters, the feudal monarch married nine daughters, senior officials married three daughters, and intellectuals married two daughters). It should be investigated that the royal family of the Shang Dynasty and the royal family of the Zhou Dynasty, Ji Dan, Confucius and the Marquis were in the capital Chang'an Descendants, looking for a daughter born to the main wife (eldest wife)." The memorial was delivered to the competent unit, and ordered to make a list and submit it after investigation.The competent authority knew what they should do, and in the roster of virgins submitted, almost all the daughters of the family surnamed Wang were included.Wang Mang suddenly realized that her daughter might be squeezed out, so he changed his strategy.The letter said: "I have no noble moral character, and my daughter is not a talent. She should not be included in the list with other virtuous women." Wang Zhengjun believed that her nephew was sincere, and issued an edict: "The daughter of the family surnamed Wang is My natal family, you don’t have to think about it.” As expected, the tail wagging system immediately launched a mass offensive.Thousands of civilians, Confucian school intellectuals, and middle and lower-level officials (Langli) gather at the gate of Weiyang Palace every day to petition the government, while senior officials above the ministerial level (Gongqing Dafu) go to the Palace Secretariat (Tingzhong), or also squeezed to the palace gate (provincial household), and unanimously demanded: "Duke An Han (Wang Mang) has great merits and virtues, and he is so dignified. Now that the queen is being selected, why remove his daughter alone? Isn't it against the destiny? We insist on Let his daughter be the role model for all mothers in the world!" Wang Mang sent officials below his secretary-general (Chang Shi) to dissuade them.However, those who petitioned and wrote letters were even more surging and could not be stopped.As a last resort, Wang Zhengjun approved the decision of a senior ministerial official to recommend Wang Mang's daughter.Wang Mang asked again: "The scope of selection should be expanded to include all the daughters on the original roster." The ministerial senior official protested: "It is not allowed to select daughters from other families, it will destroy the orthodoxy." my daughter!" 1. In spring, the Empress Dowager Wang Zhengjun of the Western Han Dynasty (capital Chang’an) sent the supply officer of Changle Palace (Changle Shaofu) Xiahoufan, the minister of royal affairs (Zongzheng) Liu Hong, and the secretary-general of the court (Shangshuling) Pingyan to Wang Mang Home, to investigate Wang Mang's daughter.After returning, he reported to Wang Zhengjun, saying: "The daughter of Duke An Han (Wang Mang) has received the best education, has a beautiful and kind appearance, and is very suitable to bear the destiny and serve the incense of the royal ancestral temple." The second of the three lords: Kong Guang, Da Situ (one of the three lords) Ma Gong, Da Sikong (the third of the three lords) Zhen Feng, General Zuo Sun Jian, Commander of the Capital Chang'an Garrison (Zhi Jinwu) Yin Shang, Acting Minister of Sacrifice (Xing Tai General Affairs) Liu Xiu (Liu Xin), the middle-level state official (Taizhong doctor), the divination officer (Taibu), and the head of the observatory (Taishiling), all wear buckskin hats and plain clothes.According to the ceremony, they divination together and asked the gods for instructions.Then, report the results of the divination to Wang Zhengjun, saying: "This is an auspicious sign that 'gold' and 'water' help each other, and the hexagram image of parents' harmony and joy. It means that the body is healthy and the children and grandchildren will multiply." Then, use Tailao ( One cow, one pig and one sheep each) to worship the royal ancestral temple. The competent authority reported: "According to the previous example, when the emperor marries the empress, the dowry gift is 20,000 catties of gold, which is equivalent to 20 million yuan." Ten catties, four horses. But she herself violated this rule and used 20,000 catties of gold when she gave her son Liu Ying a dowry.) Wang Mang resolutely declined, and only accepted 63 million yuan.And among them, 43 million was allocated to the eleven families selected as the concubine (媵) of the palace and the poor relatives within the nine families of the Wang family. 2. In the summer, King Mang of Anhan requested and received approval: restrictions on carriages and horses and clothing, daily life of officials and people across the country, funerals, marriages between men and women, and the sale and treatment of slaves and maidservants, the transfer of land and real estate, various A variety of utensils, etc., are rated separately. There are also temples for offering sacrifices to grains.Education officials (academic officials) were also set up in each county, each feudal country, each county, each township, and each village. 3. Chen Chong, the executive officer of the Great Situ Mansion (Da Situ Sizhi), ordered Zhang Song, the grandson of Zhang Chang (refer to the first seven or four years), to write a memorial carefully, praising Wang Mang's merits, saying: "The duke's fief should be Expanded to the same fiefdom as Ji Dan (Duke Zhou) back then (the Zhou Dynasty entrusted Ji Dan with 250 kilometers of land in Luyi). The same as the son of Ji Dan, the first king of the Lu State). The number of rewards and ranks are exactly the same. The other sons are the same as the other six sons of Ji Dan (the six younger brothers of Ji Boqin were entrusted to Fan State, Jiang State, etc. , Xing State, Mao State, Xun State, and Ji State, to serve as monarchs).” Wang Zhengjun handed over the memorial to senior officials for discussion.Senior officials were discussing while the Lu Kuan incident happened. At first, Wang Mang's eldest son, Wang Yu, disapproved of his father's measures to isolate the Wei family, fearing that he would be retaliated against in the future.So he secretly established friendship with Wei Bao (Liu Jizi's uncle) and wrote private letters.Jiaowei Ji (Liu Jizi's mother) wrote a letter to thank her, and attacked the crimes of the Ding family (the mother family of Liu Xin, the thirteenth Ai Emperor) and the Fu family (Liu Xin's grandmother family).Because of this statement, Hope was called to the capital Chang'an to reunite with his son (Liu Jizi).Wang Mang reported to the Empress Dowager Wang Zhengjun that he only issued an edict to reward Wei Ji and increase the number of households in Tang Muyi by 7,000 households, but there was no further reaction.Wei Ji missed her son and cried day and night, wanting to see him, but Wang Mang only increased her fief.Wang Yu taught her to write a letter again, and directly asked to come to the capital (the capital Chang'an) to visit.Wang Mang refused. Wang Yu worked with his teacher Wu Zhang and his wife's brother Lu Kuan to study the method of breakthrough.Wu Zhang believes that no theory or rhetoric can convince Wang Mang. Only ghosts and gods can scare Wang Mang.The plan was made, and Wang Yu ordered Lu Kuan to get a jar of blood and sprinkle it on Wang Mang's gate at night; unexpectedly, the gatekeeper discovered it.Wang Mang then arrested Wang Yu and put him in prison. Wang Yu committed suicide by taking poison.Wang Yu's wife, Lu Yan, was pregnant and executed after giving birth in prison. The right general Zhen Han and others reported to Wang Zhengjun, and Wang Zhengjun issued an edict to praise Wang Mang: "You are in the position of Ji Dan, assisting a young master like Ji Song (the second king of the Zhou Dynasty, Cheng Wang), and implementing Ji Dan's actions against the ruler of the country ( Ji Xian) and Cai Guoguo (Ji Du) killed their relatives righteously, and did not harm the righteousness between the monarch and his ministers with the selfish relationship of flesh and blood, so I give special commendation." Wang Mang then ordered the massacre of the Wei family, leaving only Wei Ji.After Wu Zhang was cut in half, he was quartered by five horses at the East Gate of Chang'an. In the beginning, Wu Zhang was a well-known Confucian scholar, who recruited more than a thousand students.Wang Mang believed that those students were all partisans of wicked people, and ordered them to be deprived of their political rights and not allowed to be officials.The students all concealed their identities and switched to other teachers.Yunchang (yun, surname), a native of Pingling (Xipingling Township, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province), worked as a secretary in Da Situ's Mansion (Da Situ 掾), wrote a letter of self-impeachment, claimed to be Wu Zhang's student, and took Wu Zhang's body back , Buy a coffin for burial.The capital Chang'an praised his high righteousness. Wang Mang seized this opportunity to expand the attack surface and use bloody means to eliminate potential enemies.Ordered to investigate Lu Kuan's henchmen, and all the names that appeared in the confession were wiped out.Including the Eleventh Emperor (Emperor Yuan) Liu Xi's younger sister Princess Jingwu (name unknown), she has always been friendly with the Ding family and the Fu family, but after Wang Mang took over the power, she often criticized Wang Mang.Wang Li, Marquis of Hongyang, was Wang Mang's uncle; Wang Ren (son of Wang Tan), Ping'ahou, was upright; Wang Mang issued edicts in the name of Wang Zhengjun, sent envoys to guard them, and forced them to commit suicide. Princess Jingwu died of a sudden illness, and Wang Zhengjun wanted to go to sacrifice in person (they are sisters-in-law), but Wang Mang tried his best to dissuade her. Da Situ Zhenfeng dispatched a special person to take a government stagecoach to go to various places to kill the party members of the Wei family. The heroes and heroes who did not obey Wang Mang and the loyal officials and righteous men who were still loyal to the Western Han Dynasty government were all detained for "rebellion" All charges shall be executed.Former former general He Wu (refer to the previous year), former Gyeonggi General Garrison Commander (Sili) Bao Xuan (refer to the previous two years), and Wang An, the son of Wang Shang (not the Wang family class, refer to the first two or five years), Lechanghou Wang An, The three sons of the former left general Xin Qingji (refer to the first year or two): Xin Tong, Commander of Xixian Security (Lieutenant Huqiang), Xin Zun, Commander of Hanguguan (Xin'an County, Henan Province) Garrison (Captain Hangu), and Water Conservancy Xin Mao, the governor (Captain of Shui Heng), and Xin Bo, the governor (prefect) of Nanjun (Jiangling County, Hubei Province), were all executed. (He Wu refused to recommend Wang Mang as the great Sima. Bao Xuan is famous for his integrity. Wang Shang was framed by Wang Feng and died of vomiting blood. Wang An was not attached to the Wang family. Xin Qingji was originally friendly with Wang Feng.三个儿子，都是人才，很想结交。但辛茂自以为是名臣的后裔，不附王莽，又对甄丰、甄邯十分冷淡。辛伯则是辛姓家族一员，也一并算进去。）短期间内，诛杀数百人，而且都是至亲至贤，全国震惊。北海郡（山东省昌乐县东南）人逢萌对朋友说：“三纲已绝（王莽杀亲叔父，是不孝；杀亲生儿子，是不慈；杀皇帝的祖姑母及正直人士，是对国家不忠），再不离开，大祸临头！”就把冠帽解下，挂到东都门上，回到故乡，全家乘舟，渡过渤海，到辽东郡（辽宁省辽阳市）定居。 4、王莽征召深明古礼的宫廷供应部长（少府）宗伯凤（宗伯，复姓），在金銮宝殿上讲解“为人子者为人后”的大义。由王政君下令，部长级官员（公卿）、将军、宫廷随从（侍中）跟全体文武百官，都要参加听讲学习。目的在于教育十二岁的小皇帝刘箕子，并清除人民的不平议论。 在此之前，侘侯金日磾的儿子金赏、都成侯金安上的儿子金常，都因为没有儿子，封爵撤除（不是没有儿子，而是没有嫡子）。王莽命金赏的曾孙金当、金安上的孙儿首都长安特别市长（京兆尹）金钦，分别继承爵位。在金銮宝殿上，金钦为金当请求，说：“金当应给他亲爹、亲爷建立祭庙（金当是金赏老弟金健的孙儿），而另外派封国国务官（大夫）主持伯祖父金赏的祭祀。”这时，甄邯正在旁边，当着皇帝及文武百官，像被踩了尾巴一样，号叫起来，弹劾说：“金钦诬蔑祖先，不孝，犯大不敬之罪！”逮捕金钦，金钦在狱中自杀。 甄邯被认为是维护国家纲纪的圣贤，立场严正，不顾私情，忠孝双全，增加采邑一千户。改封金安上的曾孙金汤当都成侯。金汤受封之后，当天就不敢回家，用以显示“为人后者为人子”的大义。 5、本年（三年），宫廷秘书长颍川郡（河南省禹州市）人钟元，担任司法部长（大理。前一年，把“廷尉”改作“大理”）。 当初，颍川郡长、陵阳（安徽省黄山市西北）人严诩，以对父母的孝顺行为，闻名于世，才被推荐当官。性情善良，把秘书（掾）、办事员（史）等属官，都当做教师或朋友，遇到过错，就关起门来，自我责备，从没有大声说过一句话。后来，全郡大乱（为什么大乱，没有交代明白。胡三省注：这是表示，仅仅依靠良好的品德无法治理国家），王莽派使节征召严诩，郡政府官员好几百人，设宴给严诩饯行，严诩匍匐地上大哭（古人席地而坐，所以俯到地上，不过弯一下腰），官员们说：“中央征召您，是一件喜事，不应该这么悲伤。”严诩说：“我为颍川人悲伤，岂是为我自己？我因为柔弱的缘故被调走，接我位置的人，一定刚猛。到时候，必然有人身死刀下，所以我才垂泪。” Bo Yang said: 官场人物，只有想到官，没有想到民。只有想到上级，没有想到下级。颍川郡的大乱原因不明，但有一件事却是十分清楚的：受害的是民，而不是官。严诩所谓的颍川“人”，实际上指的是颍川“官”。他想的只是“官”的人头将来可能落地，而看不见“民”的人头早已落地。所以官逼民反之后，官仍然只想到官的利益。也只有想到官的利益的人，才是上级最欣赏的官，这是王莽征召他的原因之一。这种阴暗面，使中国政治的脚步停滞。人民必须自己觉醒，才能使官场人物无所遁形。 严诩到了首都长安（陕西省西安市），王莽任命他当“美好风俗推行特派官”（美俗使者），调任陇西郡（甘肃省临洮县）郡长（太守）。 何并接任颍川郡长，何并到差后，逮捕钟元的老弟钟威，跟阳翟（颍川郡郡政府所在县·河南省禹州市）轻生重义的豪杰赵季、李款，一齐诛杀，全郡战栗。 1、春季，正月，西汉王朝（首都长安）皇帝（十四任平帝）刘箕子（本年十三岁）在首都长安郊外，祭祀一任帝（高祖）刘邦，使刘邦跟上天共享香火。再在皇家大会堂（明堂）祭祀五任帝（文帝）刘恒，使刘恒跟上帝共享香火。 2、改封殷绍嘉公当宋公、周承休公当郑公（参考前八年）。 3、刘箕子下诏：“妇女除非本人犯法，不准囚禁。男子八十岁以上，七岁以下，除非被指控'大逆不道'，或政府指名逮捕，不准囚禁。必须调查时，官员应到妇女或老幼所在的地方调查，不准传唤到法庭。本诏书自即日起，成为法律。” 4、二月七日，刘箕子结婚。派大司徒（三公之一）马宫、大司空（三公之三）甄丰等，带着御用车轿跟皇家仪队，前往安汉公王莽家，参见王莽的女儿（本年十二岁），呈上皇后印信，迎回未央宫。大赦天下。 5、派交通部长（太仆）王恽等八人当钦差大臣，各人再设立副钦差大臣，“持节”，分别出发，访问全国各地，考察社会风俗。 6、夏季，太保（上三公之三）王舜等率领官员、人民等八千余人，上书中央，一致要求：“请接受陈崇的建议（参考去年），重赏安汉公王莽。”奏章交给主管单位，主管单位奏报说：“增加王莽公爵的采邑，把召陵（河南省郾城县东）、新息（河南省息县）二县跟黄邮聚（河南省新野县东北）、新野（河南省新野县）两地的耕田，全都划入。合并伊尹、姬旦（周公）的称号（伊尹称阿衡，姬旦称冢宰），尊称王莽为'宰衡'，位在三公之上。三公上书给'宰衡'，开头要谦卑地说：'冒死陈述。'封王莽的母亲当功显君，封王莽的两个儿子：王安当褒新侯、王临当赏都侯。追加皇后聘礼三千七百万钱，共合一万万钱，用以显明盛大的典礼。由太皇太后王政君亲自到金銮宝殿发布诏书，安汉公（王莽）在前叩谢，二子在后叩谢，和从前姬旦的故事，一模一样。”（胡三省注：周王朝二任王姬诵封姬伯禽当鲁国国君时，老爹姬旦在前叩拜，当儿子的姬伯禽在后叩拜。） 王莽叩头辞让，呈递“亲启密奏”（封事），说：“我愿接受对我娘亲的封号，但不敢接受对王安、王临的封爵和采邑。”太师（上三公之二）孔光等据理力争，说：“再大的奖赏，都不足以酬庸功劳，而谦恭退让，是安汉公一向的节操；陛下绝不可批准他的请求。忠臣的气节，有时应该屈服，使主上的大义，得以伸张。我们建议：派遣大司徒、大司空、'持节'，代表皇上，征安汉复行视事。并下令宫廷秘书署（尚书），拒绝接受安汉公任何辞职退让的奏章。”王政君同意。王莽这才勉强恢复办公，仅只减少召陵、黄邮聚、新野三地的封土而已。 王莽在所增加聘金的三千七百万钱中，提出一千万钱，送给王政君左右侍从人员。王莽虽已完全控制政府，权威无上，但他之谄媚取悦王政君，全都经过精密设计，无微不至。甚至对王政君手下那些铺床叠被的婢女，都会找出理由，成千成万的致送贿赂。又建议封王政君的姐妹君爵（女性侯爵），各有汤沐邑（老姐王君挟当广恩君、王君力当广惠君、王君弟当广施君）。所以王政君听到的，全是赞美王莽的声音。 王莽知道，王政君虽是太皇太后，仍是一个女人，早已厌恶深宫中的封闭生活。王莽有计划的用欢娱的节目，换取握在王政君手里的残余权柄。于是，利用春夏秋冬四季，每季都请王政君到首都长安四郊游逛，慰问孤儿寡妇、贞妇烈女。所到各县，广施恩惠，赏赐给人民金钱、绸缎、布匹、牛肉、猪肉跟各种美酒，年年都是如此。王政君身旁供给指使的小子（弄儿）有病，王莽都亲自去探望。对王政君的手段，大致类此。 太保王舜奏称：“全国人民听到安汉公（王莽）拒绝接受公爵应有的采邑，更拒绝接受一万钱的聘礼，都景慕向往这种昭然大义、身体力行的风度。蜀郡（四川省成都市）男子路建等，正在诉讼，十分惭愧，自行撤销官司。即令是周王朝姬昌（文王）感动虞国国君和芮国国君（公元前十二世纪商王朝末年，虞国国君跟芮国国君，互相争夺田地，久不能解决。听说周部落酋长姬昌有极高的品德，一同前往拜访，请求仲裁。可是进入周部落境内后，发现耕田的农夫在田边相让，走路的行人在道上相让，不禁汗颜，互相说：“我们真是小人，没有脸到君子的门庭。”遂自行和解），也不过如此。应该宣布天下，使全国都知道这件事。” 太师孔光发现政治气氛诡异，越来越恐惧，声称有病，坚决辞职。王政君下诏：“太师（孔光）不必再到金銮殿上参加朝会，只要每隔十天入宫一次就可以了。宫廷当为你准备几案手杖跟十七种食物，等处理大事完毕之后再回家。太师府的官员，仍然维持原状。” 7、王莽奏准：设立皇家大会堂（明堂）、国立大学（辟雍）、御用天文台（灵台）。兴建宿舍一万栋，召请儒家学派学者居住，制度庞大而隆重。再设立《乐经》研究所，增加研究官（《乐经》博士）名额，每一种经典，研究官（博士）都增加到五人。王莽又征求：只要能精通儒家学派六经中的一经，而又收过十一个学生以上的人，凡是藏有散落不全的《礼经》或其他古书，以及天文、神秘预言书（图谶）、音乐、历法、兵法、周王朝中期用大篆古文写的史书等等，或能了解其中意义的，一律乘坐政府驿马车，前来首都长安。 王莽设下阴谋，礼聘天下各种有才干、有奇异能力的人士，集中首都长安，多达一千余人。教他们把所知道的写下来，准备指出其中谬误，消灭异端，使思想统一。 8、王莽征求治理黄河的水利工程师，有一百余位专家应征。各人的主张，并不相同。长水外籍兵团指挥官（长水校尉）平陵（陕西省咸阳市西平陵乡）人关并，认为：“黄河经常溃决的地点，总在平原郡（山东省平原县）、东郡（河南省濮阳市西南）左右，那一带地势下陷，土质松软。据说，姒文命（禹）治理黄河时，特别把这一带低凹地区空出来，作为调节。水大时，流到那里聚成一个小湖，水小时，自会干涸。虽然时代有变，此法不变。上古往事，难以考察。考察秦王朝以及西汉王朝近事，黄河在古曹国（山东省定陶县）、古卫国（河南省淇县）决口，南北相距不过一百八十里。我建议把这一带腾空，不再兴建官舍、农庄、耕田。”监察官（御史）临淮（江苏省泗洪县南）人韩牧认为：“《书经·禹贡》九条河流的记载（参考前一七年注），我们应大略的在故道上挖掘，即令不能发现九条河流的全部，能发现四五条，也有禆益。”司空府秘书（大司空掾）王横进言，说：“黄河注入渤海的出口，比韩牧主张挖掘地带的地势要高得多。过去，遇到连绵大雨，东北风起，海水倒灌，黄河向西南倒流，泛滥数百里。古九河的故道，早就被海水吞没。姒文命当初治理黄河，本来是要顺着西山（太行山），流向东北。《周谱》说：'前六〇二年，黄河改道'说明今天的黄河，并非姒文命当年挖掘的故河道。又查，秦王国灭魏王国时（参考前二二五年），决开黄河堤岸，用河水灌入魏王国首都大梁（河南省开封市），决口扩大，无法堵塞。所以，我的建议是：把平地人民全部迁移，用人工开凿决口，使河水顺着西山居高临下，向东北注入渤海，才能避免水患。”大司空府另一位秘书沛郡（安徽省淮北市）人桓谭，参加这项讨论，向少傅（皇家教师）甄丰说：“这些建议中，一定有一个是对的。只要详细考察，便可以发现。计划既定而后行动，费用不过数亿万，而且还可以使一些无业游民，找到工作。他们游手好闲，跟使他们参与劳动，同样都需要那么多粮食和衣服；转而由国家供应，对政府和人民，都有好处。这项伟大工程，上可以继承姒文命的大业，下可以为人民除害。” 然而，王莽追求的只是虚浮的空话，博取眼前看得见的一点政治利益，无意于国家建设。 9、文武百官奏称：“从前，姬旦摄政七年，国家的制度才厘定妥当。而今，安汉公辅政，不过四年，而实际上负责，不过两年，却大都完成。所以，应该把'宰衡'的地位，提高到侯爵亲王之上（原来仅在“三公”之上）。”刘箕子下诏说：“照准。”同时下诏研究“九锡法”（“锡”和“赐”在古代相通。既然相通，为什么不用“九赐”而用“九锡”？因为必须用“九锡”而再去解释跟“九赐”相通，才能展示学问，以增加它的神秘性和严肃性。九锡：一、赐车马，二、赐衣服，三、赐乐章，四、赐朱红色大门，五、赐斜坡台阶，六、赐武装卫士一百人，七、赐武器，八、赐大旗斧钺，九、赐祭祀用的美酒。《礼纬·含文嘉》宋均注：“封国国君有高尚的品德，当增加他的采邑。再建立大功时，则加九赐：进退有节，行步有度，赐给车马代步。言成文章，行成法则，赐给衣服，表彰善行。长于教育，心怀仁爱，赐给乐章去教化人民。家宅整洁，户内严谨，赐给朱红大门，使他与众不同。动作合礼，行为有节，赐给他斜坡台阶，使他保持体力。勇敢正直，仗义执言，赐给他武装卫士保护安全。良心慈悲，择善固执，赐给他武器弓箭，使他得以代表中央讨伐叛逆。刚烈威武，立志保卫皇家，赐给他斧钺，使他得以专断诛杀。孝顺父母，友爱兄弟，赐给他美酒，使他得以祭祀祖先。”“九锡”没有实质意义，但能造成一种与众不同的飞越形象。王莽之后，强梁高官要篡夺政权时，总要先玩这套把戏，教那位即将被诛杀或即将被罢黜的倒霉皇帝，先加给自己“九锡”。所以当“九锡”出现之日，也就是旧王朝结束，新王朝登场之时）。 10、王莽奏请：十任帝（宣帝）刘病已祭庙应定名中宗、十一任帝（元帝）刘奭祭庙应定名高宗。再奏请：废弃刘病已的老爹刘进（史皇孙）祭庙（孝宣皇考庙），撤销南陵（五任帝刘恒娘亲薄太后坟）、云陵（八任帝刘弗陵娘亲赵钩弋墓），改成两个普通县。刘箕子下诏批准。 11、王莽自以为他的德威，北方已经感化匈奴汗国（匈奴乌珠留若鞮单于挛鞮囊知牙斯，改成单名挛鞮知），东方已到达大海（东夷进贡珍宝），南方则有黄支国（越南最南部）进贡犀牛。只有西方，还没有特别表现，于是派皇家警卫指挥官（中郎将）平宪等，携带大量金银财宝，前往羌中（青海省东北部）引诱西羌部落，教他们呈献土地，归附西汉王朝。任务完成后，平宪等奏报，说：“西羌诸部落首领良愿等，约一万二千人，愿意做西汉王朝的臣属，特地呈献鲜水海（青海湖）、允谷（应在青海湖附近）、盐池（青海湖东北尔海），该地平原茂草，情愿让给中原人居住耕种。他们自动自发的退到附近山岭险要地带，作为西汉王朝屏障。问他们这样做的用意何在，回答说：'太皇太后（王政君）至圣至明，安汉公王莽大仁大义。天下太平，五谷丰收，有的稻禾长达一丈有余，有的一个粟米秆上，能结出三穗。甚至有的并没有播种，却照样生长。而蚕不必吃桑叶，就可以吐丝成茧。甘露从天而降，甜水自地下涌出。凤凰都飞到首都朝拜，神雀也云集京师。四年以来（从王莽当权算起），西羌人民毫无痛苦，所以愿意归附。'政府应该把握时机作业，设置移民区（属国）保护。” 奏章交付王莽，王莽上奏，说：“我国已有东海郡（山东省郯城县）、南海郡（广东省广州市）、北海郡（山东省昌乐县东南），请接受良愿所献土地，设置西海郡。全国分为十二州，以符合古代地理规划。”批准。 冬季，设置西海郡（郡政府设青海省海晏县）。同时修订法律，增加五十条，罪犯们都放逐到西海郡。成千上万人被驱逐到荒凉的青海湖畔。这时候，人们开始对王莽怨恨。 12、梁王（首府睢阳）刘立，被控跟卫姓家族勾结，封国撤除，放逐到南郑（陕西省汉中市）。刘立自杀。 13、西汉政府把首都长安市，分割为“前煇光”“后丞烈”二郡（前煇光郡管辖长安南部诸县，后丞烈郡管辖长安北部诸县）。更改三公、部长、国务官（大夫）、八十一种中央级官称和等级以及十二州州名。更改各郡、各封国的管辖区域，或取消、或变更、或新设立，花样百出，全国沸腾。一向平静的政府，开始多事，既烦琐而又多变，官吏记不胜记。 1、春季，正月，西汉王朝（首都长安）皇帝（十四任平帝）刘箕子（本年十四岁）在皇家大会堂（明堂）向皇家祖先，作三年一次的总祭（祫祭）。陪祭的亲王二十八人，侯爵一百二十人，皇家子弟九百余人。典礼既毕，已有封爵的增加采邑，没有封爵的加封爵位，已当官的赏赐金银绸缎，已有俸禄的提高俸禄，没有当官的任命当官。（景观可以想像，对王莽一片歌功颂德。） 2、安汉公王莽再奏请：恢复首都长安南郊祭天，北郊祭地大典。三十余年间，祭祀天地之礼，变更五次。（胡三省注：一、前三二年，撤除甘泉天神坛及汾阴后土神庙，设立长安南北郊天地大祭。二、前一四年，恢复甘泉天神坛及汾阴后土神庙，取消长安南北郊天地大祭。三、前七年，刘骜逝世，再撤除甘泉天神坛及汾阴后土神庙，恢复长安南北郊天地大祭。四、前四年，恢复甘泉天神坛及汾阴后土神庙，撤除长安南北郊天地大祭。五、本年，再恢复长安南北郊天地大祭。） 3、刘箕子下诏（王莽诏）：“自从西汉王朝建立迄今，皇家子弟已有十余万人。各郡各封国，应设置皇族教师（宗师），负责管理教导。” 4、夏季，四月一日，太师（上三公之二）、博山（简烈）侯孔光逝世。赏赐的葬礼极为丰厚，仅参加典礼的车辆，就有一万多辆。 *班固曰： 自从七任帝刘彻兴学以来，公孙弘以儒家学派巨子，担任宰相。之后，蔡义、韦贤、韦玄成、匡衡、张禹、翟方进、孔光、平当、马宫，以及平当的儿子平晏、平咸，都以儒家学派巨子的身份，居于宰相高位，穿着儒家的衣服，戴着儒家的帽子，传播先王