Chapter 12 5. Rebellion of Eight Kings

With the strong support of the experienced Prime Minister Cao Cao, the Eastern Han Dynasty government finally stabilized.However, after Cao Cao's death, his son Cao Pi usurped power and established the Cao Wei Empire in the Central Plains; Liu Bei, a Miao descendant of the Eastern Han Dynasty, established the Shu Han Empire in Sichuan Province;The colorful "Three Kingdoms Era" appeared in this century. However, the "Three Kingdoms Era" lasted only sixty-one years. After the 1980s, the Jin Dynasty unified China, and in the 1990s, the "Eight Kings Rebellion" occurred, and the royal family was fratricide; the Chinese once again fell into pain—— — and more painful than ever.

"Thousand Characters", Chinese characters were first introduced to Japan, and Japan began to have writing. 1. In summer and April, the renovation of the royal temple of the Jin Dynasty (the capital Luoyang) was completed.On April 11th, the entire royal family held a grand ceremony.amnesty. 2. Murongxian (sound wei), the chief of the Xianbei tribe, sent envoys to Luoyang, the capital, to request surrender. In May, Emperor Jin (one Emperor Wu) Sima Yan issued an edict, appointing Murong Xin as Xianbei Commander (Xianbei Governor).Murongxin met He Kan, the security commander of Dongyi (Dongyi Xiaowei), and walked to the gate in accordance with the etiquette of Chinese scholar-bureaucrats (senior intellectuals, current officials or retired gentry), wearing a hat and single clothes.He Kan was heavily guarded and received him with military ceremonies; Murong Xin then changed into military uniform and went in.Someone asked him why, and Murongxin said, "My master doesn't regard me as a scholar-bureaucrat, so I have to give up my position as a scholar-bureaucrat."

At that time, the other two tribes of Xianbei: Yuwen Tribe (upstream of the Laoha River in Inner Mongolia) and Duanjia Tribe (northeast of Hebei Province), were powerful and kept plundering Murongxin; humble.Duan Jie, the chief of the Duan family tribe, married his daughter to Murong Xin and gave birth to sons Murong Hao (huang, ﹝暖﹞), Murong Ren, and Murong Zhao.Murongxin believed that Liaodong County (Liaoyang City, Liaoning Province) was too remote, so he moved westward to Qingshan (east of Yixian County, Liaoning Province) in Tuhe County (Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province). 3. In winter, in October, restore the Royal Great Hall (Mingtang) and the altar of the Five Emperors in the southern suburbs of the capital Luoyang (remove the altar of the Five Emperors, refer to the first month of 266).

4. On Bingchen day in November (November Renxushuo, there is no Bingchen), Xun Xu, the Supreme Chief Executive of the State Council (Shangshuling), Marquis of Jibei (Marquis of Cheng) passed away. Xun Xu has talent, brains, and is good at observing the mind of the owner.Therefore, it can make the Lord unwavering in his favor.He spent a long time in the Legislative Yuan (Zhongshu Sheng) and was responsible for handling the confidential affairs of the emperor and the court.When he was transferred to the State Council (Shangshu Province), he felt very melancholy. Someone congratulated him, and Xun Xu said angrily, "If you drive me out of Fenghuangchi, what can I congratulate!" Sex work. The position of the Legislative Yuan (Zhongshu Sheng) is close to that of the king, and it participates in decision-making and has great power. The Phoenix Pond, also known as Fengchi, shows that officials at that time valued and envied the position of the Legislative Yuan.)

5. Sima Yan, the emperor of Jin, indulged in sensuality blindly and was so dissolute that he couldn't afford to get sick.Empress Yang Zhi's father, Yang Jun, a chariot general, hated Sima Liang, King of Runan, and determined to expel him from the court. On November 23, Sima Yan issued an imperial edict to appoint Sima Liang as a senior consultant (servant) and supreme commander (Da Sima), a "fake yellow axe" (a copper ax specially used for killing emperors), and commander-in-chief Official (supervisor of the capital), and commander of the Yuzhou (eastern Henan Province) military region (supervising all military forces in Yuzhou); the base camp is located in Xuchang (east of Xuchang City, Henan Province).Sima Jian, the king of Nanyang, was renamed the king of Qin and the commander-in-chief of the Guanzhong (Shaanxi Province) military region (supervisor of all military forces in Guanzhong).Sima Wei, the king of Shiping, was renamed the king of Chu, and also the commander-in-chief of the Jingzhou (Hubei and Hunan) military regions (supervisor of all military forces in Jingzhou).Sima Yun, the king of Puyang, was changed to the king of Huainan, and also the commander-in-chief of the Yangzhou (central Anhui Province and Jiangnan area) military region All "false festivals" (there are three classes in the conferring system of the Jin Dynasty: the upper class "envoys' festival" has the heaviest power, and no matter in peacetime or wartime, the county chief (less than two thousand stones) can be killed. The power is the most important. Officials are not allowed to be killed in normal times, only civilians can be killed, but in wartime, the county chief can be killed (less than two thousand shi). people).

The prince Sima Yi (sound yi) was named the king of Changsha, Sima Ying the king of Chengdu, Sima Yan the king of Wu, Sima Chi the king of Yuzhang, and Sima Yan the king of Dai.Sima Yu (sound yu), the grandson of the emperor, was granted the title of King of Guangling. Sima Di, the son of Sima Yun, king of Huainan, was granted the title of King of Han, and Sima Yi, the son of Sima Wei, king of Chu, was named King of Piling.Sima Chang, the king of Fufeng, was changed to be the king of Shunyang, and Sima Xin, the younger brother of Sima Chang, was named Xinye Company; Sima Chang was the son of Sima Jun, the king of Fufeng (King of Wu).Sima Dan, the younger brother of Sima Jin, king of Langya, was also granted the Duke of Dongwu, and Sima You, the other brother, Duke of Dong'an; Sima Jin was the son of Sima Yi, king of Langya (Sima Jun and Sima Yi were both sons of Sima Yi).

6. At the beginning, Sima Yan rewarded his talent (the fourteenth rank of concubine) Xie Jiu to the prince Sima Zhong, who gave birth to the emperor's grandson Sima Yu.One night, the palace caught fire, and Sima Yan went upstairs to observe the fire.Sima Yan was five years old at the time. He pulled his grandfather's skirt into a dark place and said, "In the middle of the night, something happened suddenly. You should be on special alert. The fire is so strong, you shouldn't let it shine on your majesty." Sima Yan He was amazed by the wisdom of his five-year-old grandson, and once praised the emperor's grandson to civil and military officials: he was very much like his grandfather Sima Yi.People in the world place great expectations on this child.Sima Yan also knew that his son Sima Zhong, who was the prince, was an idiot, but his grandson Sima Yan was so smart, so he pinned his hopes on the third generation, so he never intended to change the prince.In order to consolidate Sima Zhong's position, adopting Wang You's suggestion (refer to 285), he ordered Sima Zhong, his mother and brother Sima Jian, Sima Wei, and Sima Yun to guard important military areas respectively.In order to guard against the threat of the queen's natal family surnamed Yang, Wang You was appointed as the director of the Central Guards (middle marquis of the Northern Army) to command all the guards in the capital.Then he carefully selected the servants of the emperor and grandson Sima Yu, and thought that the Sanqi attendant (Sanqi Changshi) Liu Shi was clean and noble, and appointed him as the master (Wang Fu) of the King of Guangling (Sima Yu).

Liu Shi believed that the customs at that time were corrupt, everyone was running around, and they seldom stood upright and behaved humbly. He planned to teach some people who had just been appointed as officials and went to Guangling Palace to thank them according to the law. They had to recommend talented people before they were allowed to meet.When a certain official position is vacant, the person who has been recommended the most times will be selected.Liu Shi thinks (Liu Shi's "Advocacy of Concession"): "It is human nature, once you compete, you will definitely slander those who are better than yourself; once you are humble, you will definitely respect those who are better than you. It is difficult to distinguish the good from the bad; when humility prevails, the virtuous are easy to stand out. If we can do this, if everyone is humble, self-cultivation and self-love, the more people will recommend him. Wanting to be recommended is like going backwards, but hoping to move forward.” (This kind of humility is not a real humility, but a means of grabbing, full of utilitarianism.)

Liu Song, the Prime Minister of Huainan Kingdom (Shouxian County, Anhui Province) (Huainan Prime Minister), wrote: "Your Majesty believes that the problem of too lenient law enforcement has accumulated for too long, and it cannot be made strict all at once. It is completely realistic. However, to correct the secular, To save the disadvantages, we should not stop because of this, but gradually improve. It is like a ship traveling on water. Although it cannot cross the rapids forcibly, it should gradually approach the rapids. The fixed goal remains the same, and it will still cross the river in the end. For nearly thirty years today (from 265 to 289, a total of 25 years), the business established has not surpassed that of the past. With His Majesty's sageness, it is still impossible to get rid of the disadvantages of the decline of the world and complete the establishment. Shouldn't it be considered that the meritorious deeds of prosperity will be passed on to future generations? If there is a change on a certain day and the world is uneasy, the responsibility may still be traced back to the source.

I once heard that the long-term solution for the royal family is to implement feudalism-dividing worthy princes into various places.But it is also necessary to examine the current situation so that the monarch of the feudal country has enough strength to protect the capital (the capital Luoyang) when taking military actions.However, at the same time, it must be noted that once the prince develops ambitions and acts unruly, his armed forces cannot complete the usurpation alone.On the one hand, he needs to be strong, and on the other hand, he needs to be weak. This is a dilemma.Your Majesty should study a feasible method with a well-learned person who knows the past and understands the present.The Zhou Dynasty proclaimed the monarch of the country, and when he committed a crime, only the monarch was killed, and the feudal kingdom was not revoked (913 years ago, the seventh king of the Zhou Dynasty, Ji Jian, killed Jiang Buchen, the fifth monarch of Qi; Buchen's younger brother Jiang Jing succeeded to the throne. In 796 BC, Ji Jing, the eleventh king of the Zhou Dynasty, beheaded Ji Boyu, the eleventh monarch of Lu State; but still ordered Ji Boyu's uncle Ji Cheng to succeed him).In the Han Dynasty, the monarch of the country was enfeoffed. Once he committed a crime or had no sons (legal sons), the feudal state would be abolished immediately.Now, the abuses of the Han Dynasty should be corrected, and the ancient system of the Zhou Dynasty should be restored, so that those in lower positions will be stable, and those in higher positions will naturally be safe.

The world is vast, affairs are extremely complicated, the king is only a minority in a group, but the light is like the sun.Therefore, when a wise king promotes education and culture, the main thing is to formulate guiding principles, and the responsibility for implementation should be handed over to his subordinates.It is not that the king is unwilling to work hard, but because this is a normal political system.It is difficult to judge the competence of the staff when starting to promote a job.But by the time the work is over, success or failure, it's easy to tell.Now, His Majesty is very careful about everything at the beginning, but he doesn't check the effect at the end. This is the main reason why the achievements are not perfect.As the master of the people, if he can really calm down, grasp the important key, reward after success, and judge crime after failure, all civil and military officials will not be able to escape their responsibilities. In ancient times, the central government set up six ministers, who held different positions, and the prime minister (Zhou Zai) was the head ("Zhou Li": "Tian Guan" Prime Minister, "Di Official" Minister of Internal Affairs, "Spring Official" Minister of Royal Affairs , "Summer Official" Minister of Defense, "Autumn Official" Minister of Public Security, "Winter Official" Minister of Engineering).Since the Qin Dynasty and the Han Dynasty, the number of ministers has increased to nine (Jiuqing), led by the prime minister.Today, the changes have been deduced, and the State Council (Shangshu Province) has the power, and the ministers act on the orders of the State Council. Compared with the ancient system, the State Council has too much power.I suggest that relevant matters should be handed over directly to the various ministries so that they can exercise their functions and powers independently.It is enough for the State Council to take over the overall situation and replace the prime minister. At the end of the year, the work of each unit is assessed, and rewards and punishments are given according to the assessment results.The current situation is that every move of the State Council is subject to His Majesty's orders.If there is something missing in the decision made by your majesty, you can't blame your subordinates; even if you don't make achievements every year, you don't know who should be responsible. Minor negligence and minor mistakes cannot be avoided by anyone. If all of them are punished by law, no one, whether government or private, can gain a foothold.However, since modern times, the units and officials in charge of the judiciary or supervision have not spoken up about major crimes, and they have reported small mistakes one by one.The main reason is that they are afraid of both powerful and powerful families and being accused of irresponsibility, so they have to spread their nets to search for minor flaws in some low-level officials.As a result, impeachment memorials were presented one after another.A selfless, law-abiding appearance is used to cover up the essence of breaking the law.Therefore, if the sage king does not like trivial cases and denounces these cunning and sinister actions, the treachery that hurts the court will naturally disappear. The great feat of founding a dynasty lies in the construction of culture and the determination of the system, so that the influence will always maintain the hearts of the people and help the young, old and weak.Later generations rely on it, even if the king is stupid, the government will still be clear; even if the king is stupid, the measures will still be wise, this is the goal to pursue.As for the construction of government buildings and other labor services, it has already caused too much damage to the country, so why worry about not being able to complete it?In fact, there is no need for His Majesty to do it, and future generations will do it by themselves.Today, I think it is too much to devote all my energy to civil construction that harms the country. " Sima Yan ignored him. 7. Sima Yan issued an edict to appoint Liu Yuan as the commander of the northern Xiongnu (Liu Yuan was originally the commander of the left, referring to 279. This year, he was renamed the commander).Liu Yuan is generous, generous, unstingy, sincere, and makes friends with others.Most of the heroes of the five tribes of the Xiongnu and intellectuals from Youzhou (northern Hebei Province) and Jizhou (southern central Hebei Province) went to seek refuge. 8. One hundred thousand people of the Xi Ke tribe surrendered to the Jin Dynasty (Which tribe does the Xi Ke tribe belong to? Where is it? No explanation).