Chapter 7 The 1940s (240-249)

Zhuge Ke of Eastern Wu became a general. The Roman Emperor Gordian III was poisoned and succeeded by the murderer Phillips. 1. In spring, there was a severe drought in the Cao Wei Empire (the capital Luoyang). 2. The barbarian tribes in Yuejuan County (Xichang City, Sichuan Province) of the Shuhan Empire (capital Chengdu) continued to rebel and killed the county chief. (Since Prime Minister Zhuge Liang sought to pacify Gaoding, the barbarians have turned around several times and killed county chiefs Gong Lu and Jiao Huang.) After that, the county chief did not dare to go to the seat of the county government (Qiongdu), but stayed in Anding County (should be Anshang County, now north of Pingshan County, Sichuan Province), and Anding County (Anshang County) is more than 800 miles away from Qiongdu (the air distance is 200 kilometers).

Shu Han Emperor (second term) Liu Chan (34 years old this year) appointed Zhang Yi, a native of Bashi County (Langzhong City, Sichuan Province), as the governor of Yuexi County.Zhang Yi surrendered to appease and crusade against the tough and cunning barbarian leaders; the barbarians gradually feared to surrender, and the county was safe, so the county government moved back to its original location, Qiongdu. 3. In winter, the Soochow Empire (capital Jianye) was famined. 1. In the spring, the Eastern Wu Empire (capital Jianye) was preparing to attack the Cao Wei Empire (capital Luoyang).Yin Zha, the county magistrate of Lingling County (Yongzhou City, Hunan Province), wrote a letter to Sun Quan (60 years old this year), Emperor of the Eastern Wu (a great emperor), saying: "Now, God despises the family surnamed Cao, and repeatedly executes heavenly punishment (the enemy dies naturally, It is called "Tianzhu", which is a kind of traditional emotional poisonous words. It refers to the death of Cao Pi and Cao Rui's father and son). When the dragons are fighting with each other, a young child is actually allowed to sit on the throne of the king! I suggest: Your Majesty should personally lead the The army seized the chaotic country and conquered the declining world. All the manpower was transferred from Jingzhou (southern Hubei Province and Hunan Province) and Yangzhou (Jiangnan area) (there were three states in the Eastern Wu Empire, and the residents of Jiaozhou were mainly barbarians; the so-called deployment of all manpower from Jingzhou and Yangzhou , that is to mobilize all the manpower in the country), investigate the young and the old and the weak, the young and the strong will be incorporated into the army, and the old and weak will be responsible for the rear services. Please ask Yizhou in the west (referring to the capital of the Shuhan Empire, Chengdu), in Longyou (Longyou) Then, hand over the elite troops to Zhuge Jin (who was stationed in Public Security) and Zhu Ran (who was stationed in Le Township), and ordered them to make a northern expedition, pointing directly at Xiangyang (Xiangfan City, Hubei Province); Lu Xun (who was stationed in Wuchang), Zhu Huan (when and where is unknown) pointed directly at Shouchun (Shouxian County, Anhui Province); His Majesty's royal driver pointed directly to the north of the Huaihe River, attacking Qingzhou (northern Shandong Province) and Xuzhou (northern Jiangsu Province).

"Wei State (Cao Wei Empire) is facing a dangerous situation: Xiangyang and Shouchun are trapped by us; the west of Chang'an (Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province) is attacked by the Shu Army (Shu Han Army); Xuchang (east of Xuchang City, Henan Province), The heartland of Luoyang is bound to be empty. We advance in four ways. They will definitely change in the country and will be our internal response. At that time, generals will face each other, handsome against handsome, and they will always have a place. They will lose their advantage. The morale of the army will be disintegrated. We should strengthen our offensive, attack cities and seize territory, take advantage of the victory and advance northward to pacify the Central Plains.

"However, we must fully put the power of the whole country into the battlefield. If, as in the past, only a small number of troops are dispatched, a rash blow will not accomplish great things at all. We have to retreat when we see that the situation is unfavorable. The people are exhausted and the prestige is complete Elimination, the result of continuous attacks, the strength must be exhausted, it is not a superior strategy." Sun Quan can't use it (Sun Quan no longer has such lofty ambitions to attack the country). In summer, in April, Quan Cong, the commander of the garrison of the capital of the Eastern Wu Empire (General Wei), attacked the Huainan County of the Cao Wei Empire (Shouchun, Shouxian County, Anhui Province), and broke the embankment of Shaopi (Anfengtang, 30 kilometers southwest of Shouxian County) (160 kilometers around Shaopi reclamation area, ten thousand hectares of farmland), Weibei General Zhuge Ke (who was in Wankou at the time) attacked Lu'an (Lu'an City, Anhui Province), and North Zheng General Zhu Ran attacked Fancheng (Xiangfan, Hubei Province) On the north bank of the Hanshui River in the city), the supreme commander (general) Zhuge Jin attacked Weizhong (east of Nanzhang County, Hubei Province. Ju, sound ju).Wang Ling, general of the Cao Wei Empire conquering the east, and Sun Li, the governor (inspector) of Yangzhou (the state government established Shouchun), intercepted at Shaopi and repelled Quan Cong.Hu Zhi, the governor of Jingzhou (Shewan County, the state government), sent lightly equipped troops to rescue Fancheng. Someone warned: "The enemy is strong, so don't press hard." Hu Zhi said: "The walls of Fancheng are too low, and the number of defenders is small. Go to the aid as soon as possible, if you go later, you may fall." Advance the troops to the camp of the besieging army of Soochow, and see the arrival of reinforcements in the city, and the soldiers' hearts will be at ease.

2. In May, Sun Deng, the crown prince of the Eastern Wu Empire, passed away (at the age of thirty-three). 3. The army of the Eastern Wu Empire still stayed in Jingzhou (northern Hubei Province) of the Cao Wei Empire. Sima Yi, the royal master of the Cao Wei Empire, said: "There are as many as 100,000 Han and Yi people in the country, separated by the Han River, fleeing and fleeing without a home. Fancheng has been besieged for more than a month and cannot be lifted. This is a dangerous situation, and I should go out personally." In June, Sima Yi led his troops southward, pointing directly at Fancheng.The Soochow Army got the news and fled overnight.Sima Yi pursued and arrived at Sanzhoukou (east of Huangpi County, Hubei Province), and returned with a large amount of military supplies and prisoners.

4. In June, Zhuge Jin, the supreme commander (general) of the Soochow Empire, passed away (at the age of sixty-eight).Zhuge Jin's eldest son, Zhuge Ke, had already been named a Marquis (Marquis of Duxiang. Refer to October 237).Sun Quan, Emperor of the Eastern Wu Dynasty, ordered Zhuge Rong, Zhuge Ke's younger brother, to inherit the title of Lao Die and lead Lao Die's troops to garrison the Public Security (Pan'an County, Hubei Province). 5. Jiang Wan, the supreme commander of the Shu-Han Empire (Da Sima), believed that Zhuge Liang had sent troops from Qinchuan several times (Qinchuan, that is, the central part of Shaanxi Province and the southeastern part of Gansu Province, the former place of the Qin Kingdom in the Warring States Period, and the fertile land thousands of miles away. "Chuan" Sometimes it refers to rivers, sometimes it refers to plains), the roads are difficult and dangerous, and the transportation of grain and fodder is difficult, all of which cannot be successful.He intends to change his strategy, build ships, and prepare to go eastward along the Han River and Mian River (the upper reaches of the Han River) to attack the Weixing County (Ankang City, Shaanxi Province) and Shangyong County (Tianjiaba, southwest of Zhushan County, Hubei Province) of the Cao Wei Empire.Later, Jiang Wan's old illness continued to relapse, and he was unable to cooperate with the Northern Expedition of the Soochow Empire.Government decision-making officials agreed that once the victory cannot be achieved, it will be difficult to retreat, which is not a good strategy.Shu Han Emperor (second term) Liu Chan (35 years old this year), ordered the Director of Administrative Affairs (Shang Shuling) Fei Yi, and the Central Supervision Officer (Central Supervision Army) Jiang Wei to visit Jiang Wan and explain everyone's opinions.

Jiang Wan then wrote a letter and said: "Now, the power of Wei State (Cao Wei Empire) spans Kyushu and is deeply rooted, and it is not easy to eradicate. If we can work together with Wu State (Eastern Wu Empire) and attack head to tail, even if the effect cannot be achieved immediately, it can always be divided. His power erodes his land. The problem is that the agreement with Wu Guoyi to send troops at the same time several times in a row, each time there is a mistake, and it cannot be fulfilled. I often discuss with Fei Yi and others, and I think Liangzhou (central and western Gansu Province) is the Important frontier areas can be attacked by advance and defended by retreat. Moreover, the local Qiang and Hu people miss the Han Dynasty, just like people who are thirsty long for spring water. It is best to ask Jiang Wei to be the governor of Liangzhou (empty official title. At this time Liangzhou belongs to Cao Wei). If Jiang Wei conquers and can control Heyou (that is, Hexi, the central and western part of Gansu Province), I can lead the army to advance and serve as his backup. Now, Fuxian County (Mianyang City, Sichuan Province) is well connected by water and land. It is not difficult to deal with emergencies, regardless of the east or the west, and it is not difficult to dispatch troops. Therefore, I suggest moving the base camp to Fu County." Liu Chan approved.

Bo Yang said: Zhuge Liang was a great statesman, not an outstanding combat commander; Jiang Wan, whom Zhuge Liang admired, was in the same situation, but a cautious prime minister of peace who was completely amateurish in military affairs.Seeing him going down the Han River to attack Wei Xing and Shangyong's strategy is simply a dream.Among the thousands of mountains, the lone boat goes deep, and there is no possibility of victory. Once frustrated, I am afraid that even a single ship will not be able to escape.However, the most important thing is that even if they win consecutive battles and capture two cities, the damage to the Cao Wei Empire will be negligible, and the Shu Han will find that the real battle has not yet begun.

Hanzhong (Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province) is an important barrier of the Shuhan Empire. Zhuge Liang managed it hard and has become a powerful forward base that can fight independently.However, Jiang Wan retreated southward to Fu County, and his ambition and power to attack all disappeared.Three years later (244), the Cao Wei Empire attacked Hanzhong. If the county magistrate Wang Ping hadn't reacted properly, Hanzhong might have fallen; if Hanzhong fell, the Shuhan Empire would not have survived.After that, Jiang Wei continued to attack, but because the base was too far away, he finally worked to no avail. In addition, the defense of the northwest line was weakened. Twenty years later, the Cao Wei Empire finally drove straight in, resulting in the fall of the Shu Han Empire.

Wrong decision must pay the price of wrong decision. 6. The imperial government of Cao Wei planned to open up wasteland and cultivate fields in Yangzhou and Yuzhou (Henan Province) to develop animal husbandry.Deng Ai, a native of Runan County (Xi County, Henan Province), was sent to the Assistant of the Government Affairs Department (Shang Shulang) to inspect, from Chen County (Huaiyang County, Henan Province) and Xiang County (Shenqiu County, Henan Province) in the west to Shouchun (Shouchun County) in the east. Shou County, Anhui Province).Deng Ai thought: "In the past, after the Great Ancestor (Cao Cao) broke the Yellow Turban, he used the returned tribesmen to open up wasteland and reclaim fields, and accumulated grain and fodder in Xu County (that is, Xuchang, east of Xuchang City, Henan Province) to subdue the Quartet. Now, all three sides have In Pingding, only the south of the Huaihe River still has military operations. Every time a large army goes out, the logistics and transportation troops account for more than half, and the military expenditure is more than 100 million. Between Shangcai County), the land is flat and fertile. I suggest that the water used in the paddy fields near Xuchang should be limited, and the water should be diverted into several rivers to irrigate eastward. Designate 20,000 people to be stationed in the north of the Huaihe River and 30,000 in the south of the Huaihe River. If 10,000 of them go to the front in turn to take on combat tasks, the quota of 40,000 people can be maintained, farming and guarding at the same time. It is also necessary to dig ditches and rivers, one for irrigation and one for transportation. Calculate it In addition to all expenditures, five million hu can be obtained every year to supply the army food. In six or seven years, 30 million hu can be accumulated in the north and south of the Huaihe River, which is exactly the food and fodder for an army of 100,000 for five years. Using this to deal with Wu is not a problem. It will not work.” Sima Yi, the royal master (taifu), greatly appreciated this plan.

This year, river channels will be dug and widened.From then on, every time there were policemen on the southeast border, a large army would go south, marching in ships and ships, arriving at the Huaihe River and the Yangtze River. 7. Guan Ning, a hermit of the Cao Wei Empire, passed away (at the age of eighty-four).Guan Ning is well-known and clean, and people look up to him and find him difficult to get close to.But when I was with him, I found that he was easy-going and friendly; he helped others to do good at any time, and many people were influenced and admired him.When he passed away, people all over the world, those who had seen him or those who had not, sighed with sorrow. 1. In the spring, the first month, Jiang Wei, the Central Supervision Officer (Central Supervision Army) of the Shuhan Empire (Chengdu, the capital), led his troops directly under him from Hanzhong County (Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province) to return to Fu County (Mianyang City, Sichuan Province) to garrison. 2. Sun Quan (the first emperor) of the Eastern Wu Empire (capital Jianye) named his son Sun He (19 years old) as the crown prince and granted amnesty. 3. In March, the commander-in-chief (Taiwei) and Marquis of Changyi (Jinghou) Man Chong, the commander-in-chief of the national armed forces of the Cao Wei Empire (the capital Luoyang), passed away. In autumn, on July 19th, Jiang Ji, the director of the Central Forbidden Army (leading general), was promoted to be the commander-in-chief of the national armed forces. 4. Sun Quan, Emperor of the Eastern Wu Empire, sent General Nie You and Commander Lu Kai to lead an army of 30,000 troops to attack Dan'er (Danzhou City, Hainan Province) and Zhuya (Qiongshan County, Hainan Province. Before 1111, The seventh emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Che, occupied Hainan Island. In the first four or six years, the eleventh emperor Liu Shi gave up. This year, the Chinese army entered again). 5. In August, the Soochow Empire crowned the prince and grandson Ba as the king of Lu.Sun Ba is the younger brother of the crown prince Sun He (both were born to Mrs. Wang).Sun Quan loved this son very much, and he was treated no differently from Sun He.The executive director of the Government Affairs Department (Shangshu Pushe) is Yi (yes, surname), who is also the master of King Lu (Fu), and wrote a warning: "I secretly think that King Lu (Sun Ba) is handsome in nature and versatile in both civil and military affairs; The task given to him should be to order him to go out of the town to serve as the central screen; to promote the virtues of the government and spread the prestige of the country; There is a difference in rank, which is used to establish the order between the upper and lower levels, and to show the foundation of ethics." The memorial was reported three or four times, but Sun Quan ignored it. 1. In spring, the first month, Cao Fang (12 years old this year), the emperor (three terms) of the Cao Wei Empire (capital Luoyang), will perform the coronation ceremony. 2. The Weibei general Zhuge Ke (who was stationed in Wankou) of the Eastern Wu Empire (capital Jianye) attacked Lu'an (Lu'an City, Anhui Province) of the Cao Wei Empire, captured the residents and returned. 3. In summer and April, Cao Fang, the emperor of the Cao Wei Empire, made Ms. Zhen the empress and granted amnesty.Empress Zhen is the granddaughter of Cao Fang's grandmother Zhen Luo's elder brother Zhen Yan. 4. Total solar eclipse on May 1st. 5. In winter, in October, Jiang Wan, the supreme commander (Da Sima) of the Shuhan Empire (Chengdu, the capital), returned from Hanzhong County (Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province) to Fu County (Mianyang City, Sichuan Province), and became seriously ill.The Shu Han government appointed Wang Ping, the prefect of Hanzhong County, the current wing supervisor officer (former supervisor army), the general of Zhenbei, and the commander of Hanzhong. (The advance base of Shu Han retreated to Fu County, and Hanzhong County was handed over to Wang Ping.) 6. In November, Shu Han Emperor (second term) Liu Chan (36 years old this year) promoted the Director of Administrative Affairs (Shang Shuling) Fei Yi to be the Supreme Commander (General) and in charge of government secrets (recording Shang Shushi). 7. The prime minister of the Eastern Wu Empire, Lilinghou (Suhou) Gu Yong passed away (at the age of seventy-six). 8. Zhuge Ke, General Weibei of the Eastern Wu Empire, sent spies deep into the borders of the Cao Wei Empire to investigate the situation of mountains and rivers and prepare to attack Shouchun (Shouxian County, Anhui Province).Sima Yi, the royal master (Taifu) of Cao Wei, led his army to Shu County (Lujiang County, Anhui Province), intending to attack Zhuge Ke first. The Eastern Wu Emperor (one great emperor) Sun Quan (sixty-two years old this year) was worried and ordered Zhuge Ke to follow Anhui. Withdrew at the entrance and retreated to Chaisang (Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province). 9. Bu Zhi, commander of the defense of Xiling (Yichang City, Hubei Province) of the Eastern Wu Empire (Xiling Governor), and Zhu Ran, a chariot general, wrote a letter to Sun Quan, Emperor of the Eastern Wu, warning: "People who come back from the Kingdom of Shu (Shuhan Empire) all speak with one word. The government of the Kingdom of Shu intends to tear up the covenant and establish diplomatic relations with the Kingdom of Wei (Cao Wei Empire). Recently, they have built many warships and strengthened the fortifications of the city walls. Moreover, Jiang Wan was guarding Hanzhong when he heard that Sima Yi was going south. We acted together and advanced east and west, but instead abandoned Hanzhong and returned to near Chengdu (the capital of Shu Han). The matter is very obvious, and there is no doubt about it. We should be on guard." Sun Quan replied: "I treat Shu very well, visits, gifts, How could there be such a change? Sima Yi was stationed in Shu County, and retreated within ten days. The Shu Kingdom is thousands of miles away. How could they know, and how could they cooperate with us to launch an attack? In the past, Wei We also mobilized the country to attack Hanchuan (Hanzhong Plain, that is, Hanzhong County), but we did not take any further action (see August 230). Later, we heard that Wei Guo returned to the army and it was over. How could it be because of this? Why, doubt your friend? If you still don’t believe what others say, I will use the lives of the whole family as a guarantee.” 10. Wang Chang, general of the Cao Wei Empire who conquered the east and commander of the Yangyu military region (supervisor of the Yangyu military forces), wrote to the central government: "The dangerous situation on the ground is fixed, but the defensive war is volatile. My headquarters It is located in Wan County (Nanyang City, Henan Province), more than 300 miles away from Xiangyang (Xiangfan City, Hubei Province) (the air distance between the two places is 120 kilometers), and if there is an emergency at the border, it is too late to go to the rescue.” The Ministry moved south to Xinye (Xinye County, Henan Province. Xinye is located in Wan County, halfway between Xiangyang, 60 kilometers away from Xiangyang). 11. Cao Jiong (sound jiong. Cao Jiong, the great-grandson of Cao Teng’s elder brother Cao Shuxing; the grandfather of Emperor Cao Fangyuan’s house family) wrote a letter saying: "In ancient times, the emperors must appoint officials to the royal family with the same surname to express their closeness in blood; at the same time, they must also appoint officials to the royal family with the same surname to express their respect for talents. If you rely too much on the royal family with the same surname, the regime will gradually decline; Relying on talents of different surnames, power may be forcibly seized. The saints understand this situation, so they use both royal and non-royal families to maintain power for a long time. "Today, the imperial government's regulations on respecting the royal family are very clear, but the methods for appointing the royal family to share the country's responsibilities are not complete. Although some are appointed, they have no authority, and some even fail to seek official positions. This phenomenon makes me feel anxious every time I think about it, and I can't sleep. I would like to discuss the key to the success or failure of the past dynasties as far as I can remember. "In the past, the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties all passed down the throne for dozens of generations, while the Qin Dynasty only passed down two generations (in fact, three generations) before being destroyed. What is the reason? Because the three generations (Xia, Shang, Zhou) The king, together with the king of the state, manages the people together. Therefore, the king of the state and the emperor share the blessings and the misfortunes. However, in the Qin Dynasty, the king ruled the people alone. Once there was a crisis, no one would lend a helping hand. The Qin Dynasty knew that The feudal abuses of the Zhou Dynasty believed that weak feudal states would eventually be annexed by powerful feudal states, so they abolished the fifth-class titles (gong, hou, bo, zi, and male) and relied wholeheartedly on the heads of county and county governments. There are no royal children Assisting the emperor, there is no king outside to defend the center. It seems to have cut off the limbs, only relying on the chest. The people watching are chilling. Only Yingzheng (the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty) is proud of himself, thinking that he can pass the throne to thousands of generations. Isn't it ridiculous. "Liu Bang (the first emperor of the Western Han Dynasty) carried a three-foot sword and gathered a crowd of mobs. In five years, he established the great cause of the emperor. Why did this happen? It is only because it is difficult to cut down the roots, and it is easy to destroy the dead. Out of the shortcomings of the Qin Dynasty, the children of the royal family were enfeoffed. Later, the Lu family controlled the government and endangered the Liu royal family, but the Liu royal family was as safe as Mount Tai, unshakable, because the power of the king of the country was strong, as if glued together rock. "However, in Liu Bang's feudal system, the area of ​​the feudal state was too large, exceeding the ancient regulations. Therefore, Jia Yi believed that in order to maintain long-term peace and stability, a large number of feudal states must be increased to disperse the power of the powerful feudal state (refer to the previous 174 year), unfortunately Liu Heng (the fifth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty) could not adopt it. When Liu Qi (the sixth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty) was in power, he referred to Chao Cuo's design and reduced the land of the feudal state, and the Seven Kingdoms Rebellion broke out (refer to the first five years) The first month of the fourth year). The seeds buried by Liu Bangshi, Liu Heng and Liu Qishi deteriorated to the surface, all because the original generosity exceeded the ancient system, and the reduction actions were too impatient. "The ancients said: 'If the tail is too big, it will break off. If the tail is too big, it won't move. Under control, let alone a tail that does not belong to one's own body, how can it move? Liu Che (the seventh emperor of the Western Han Dynasty) adopted the suggestion of the master father Yan and ordered to push grace (refer to 127 years ago). Since then, the power of the feudal kingdom has declined , the descendants of the monarch, gradually weakened, and did not participate in politics except collecting taxes to maintain their lives. In the era of Liu Xin (the thirteenth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty) and Liu Jizi (the fourteenth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty), the Wang Mang family was in power and pretended to be Ji Dan (the Duke of Zhou) ) to assist Ji Song (the second king of the Zhou Dynasty, Chengwang), but went to Tianheng to seize the power of Qi (refer to 391 BC); Wang Mang's merits and virtues (refer to eight years), can't we be sad. "From the above, it can be seen that not all the children of the royal family were loyal and filial in the era of Liu Ying (the second emperor of the Western Han Dynasty) and Liu Heng (the fifth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty), but they all became rebellious in the era of Liu Xin and Liu Jizi. But later, the power was too small and too weak to be used. Fortunately, Liu Xiu (the first emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty) captured Wang Mang even though he had become the emperor with his incomparable heroism. Although the Han Dynasty had been cut off, he still continued the Han Dynasty. , Isn't it the power of the royal family's children? But his descendants forgot the wrong decision of the Qin Dynasty and did not know how to restore the old system of the Zhou Dynasty, so that Liu Zhi (the eleventh emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty), Liu Hong (the tenth emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty) The second emperor) is in power, eunuchs are in power, the king is isolated from the top, and the officials are in charge of the bottom. The world is boiling like boiling water, treacherous and evil compete with each other, the royal temple is burned to ashes, and the palace is turned into a forest and wilderness. "Emperor Taizu (Cao Cao) flew like a dragon and a phoenix, wiped out traitors, and the empire rose. It has been twenty-four years (Cao Pi seized power in 220). Check the reasons for the survival of the Five Dynasties (Five Dynasties: Xia, Shang, Zhou, Qin , Han Dynasty), but did not take advantage of them, witnessed the tragedy of the vehicle overturned in front, but still did not change lanes. The prince and marquis were elevated above his feudal country, and had no power to dominate the people of the feudal country. The children of the royal family fled in the streets Alleys, do not participate in the country's major policies; power momentum, like the same small people. The king lacks the stability of the intertwined internally, and the rock-like support of the royal family externally. This is not the way to defend the royal family and establish a great cause for eternity. "Moreover, the current governors and county chiefs, like the ancient ministers (Fang Bo) and feudal monarchs, all own a vast land of more than a thousand miles, and they are also the heads of civil and military officials. Some families have several people who serve as such high-ranking officials. Some brothers are responsible for this important task at the same time. There is not a single son of the royal family who is in the ranks of this important position and checks with them. This is not a measure to make the trunk strong and the branches weak, just in case something happens. "The so-called 'appointment of talents' now, some are promoted to the heads of famous cities (such as Chang'an, Xuchang), and some serve as the commanders-in-chief of private troops. No matter how literary the children of the royal family are, they can only be the magistrate of a small county; But to be an officer of a hundred men; this is not the normal reason to reward the virtuous and praise the royal family. As the saying goes: "A centipede is dead but not stiff." Because there are too many feet supporting the torso. Although this is an ordinary sentence But it can be used as a metaphor for state affairs. Therefore, a wise king should never forget crisis when he is safe, and never forget death when he is alive. If you keep this kind of vigilance, even if the world changes, it will not be overthrown. disaster." Cao Jiong hoped to move Cao Shuang and make Cao Shuang wake up; but Cao Shuang could not accept it. (Hu Sansheng's original note: "With Cao Rui's intelligence, he still cannot realize Cao Zhi's suggestion, not to mention Cao Shuang's stupidity.") 1. In spring, the first month, Sun Quan (the first emperor) of the Eastern Wu Empire (the capital of Jianye) (he is 63 years old this year), was promoted to be the prime minister of Lu Xun, the great general; The governor (shepherd), the right-wing governor (right guard), and the director of the palace in Wuchang (Ezhou City, Hubei Province) (in charge of Wuchang affairs) continue to serve concurrently. 2. Xia Houxuan, general of the Cao Wei Empire (capital Luoyang) Zhengxi, commander of the Yongliang Military Region (supervisor of all military forces in Yongliang), is the son of Aunt Cao Shuang, the supreme commander (general).Xia Houxuan hired Li Sheng as the Secretary-General (Chang Shi); Li Sheng and the executive officer of the Government Affairs Department (Shang Shu) Deng Yang, intending to make Cao Shuang establish a reputation and spread it to the world.Therefore, it was suggested that Cao Shuang crusade against the Shuhan Empire (capital Chengdu).The royal master (taifu) Sima Yi dissuaded him, but Cao Shuang ignored it.In March, Cao Shuang traveled westward and arrived at Chang'an (Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province). He assembled an army of more than 100,000 people, and went south from Luokou (southwest of Zhouzhi County, Shaanxi Province) with Xia Houxuan, pointing directly at Hanzhong County (Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province). The frontier troops of the Shu Han Empire stationed in Hanzhong County were less than 30,000 people. The generals were terrified and planned to hold on to the city and wait for the rescue troops from Fu County (Mianyang City, Sichuan Province).Wang Ping, the county magistrate of Hanzhong County, said: "Hanzhong is nearly a thousand miles away from Fu County (the air distance is 270 kilometers). Unfathomable (Guancheng, the local people called Zhanglucheng. Later, Zhonghui captured Guancheng and drove straight into Hanzhong. Wang Ping's words were unfortunately fulfilled. Refer to 263), Liu Min, the military director (army guard), should be sent first to hold on to the prosperity (North of Yangxian County, Shaanxi Province), I will be the rear guard. If the bandit army (Cao Wei Army) separates troops to attack Jinjin (northeast of Yangxian County, Shaanxi Province, the east of the city is the exit of Meridian Valley), I will lead a thousand people to fight in person In the meantime, reinforcements from Fu County should be able to arrive. This is the best strategy." All the generals were suspicious, but Liu Min, the military director (army guard), shared the same opinion as Wang Ping, so he led his troops to Xingshi, and the mountains and plains were everywhere. , planted a flag, and stretched for more than a hundred miles. In the third month of leap, Liu Chan (37 years old), the second emperor of Shu Han, sent the supreme commander (general) Fei Yi to lead all the troops to rescue Hanzhong.When leaving, a special state official (Doctor Guanglu) came to Min, came to see him off, and asked to play a game of chess with Fei Yi.At this time, urgent military documents came from all directions, people in armor, horses with carved saddles, and the dispatch order had been issued.However, Fei Yi is still very interested in playing chess with Lai Min.Lai Min said: "I just tested you on purpose. You are really great. You will definitely be able to repel the thief (Cao Weijun)." Bo Yang said: War is a major national event, and the armed forces are ready to go. To allow such a clever animal as Lai Min to expose the people and horses to the wilderness and keep the commander to play chess, it can be seen that he is negligent.Rescuing soldiers is like putting out a fire, any city falls in an instant, and if the reinforcements arrive a minute late, it will be too late. Lai Min actually uses his power to obstruct it; he doesn't even think that the frontline soldiers are flying with blood and flesh, desperately waiting for rescue soldiers!And whether the commander-in-chief will stay calm in the face of danger, he has to investigate in normal times, and then test it out when the situation is imminent. If Fei Yi is too nervous or anxious and cannot end the game, should he temporarily replace the commander-in-chief?What's more, what's the reason for the small movements before the army's dispatch?Before the battle of Xie Xuan and Feishui, he also played chess. If it wasn't for luck, the Jin Empire might collapse (refer to September 383); while Guo Ni, before the battle of Huaihe, was calm and unrestrained. Even more so than Fei Yi and Xie Xuan, the result was a big collapse, and he was called "Zhuge Liang with juice" (refer to "Continued Zizhi Tongjian" 1206). This kind of grotesque behavior has emerged endlessly in history, and delusional people just like this kind of small action, so grotesqueness has become a good story.Therefore, good stories are often all grotesque. 3. Summer, April 1st, solar eclipse. 4. Cao Shuang, the supreme commander (general) of the Cao Wei Empire, was blocked by Xingshi and could not move forward.However, in Guanzhong (central part of Shaanxi Province), as well as the Di and Qiang tribes, the supply of grain and fodder transshipped was insufficient, and many cattle, horses, mules and donkeys died. Countless Han and Hu people guarded the corpses of livestock and wailed loudly by the roadside.And the army of the Fu County base of the Shu Han Empire and Fei Yi's troops also arrived at the front line.Yang Wei, Cao Wei's military counselor (joining the army), analyzed the battlefield situation to Cao Shuang and suggested a quick retreat, otherwise, he would be defeated.Deng Yang, Li Sheng and Yang Wei had a dispute in front of Cao Shuang.Yang Wei said: "Deng Yang and Li Sheng are about to ruin the country's affairs and should be executed." Cao Shuang was very unhappy. The royal master (Taifu) Sima Yi wrote to Xia Houxuan, saying: "The people who were severely reprimanded by "Spring and Autumn" all because they loved him too deeply. Once upon a time, Emperor Wu (Cao Cao) entered Hanzhong (Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province) for the second time, Almost a big defeat, you know the details (Cao Cao's big defeat, refer to March 219). The situation is extremely dangerous, the Shu army (Shu Han army) has already entered the defense first, and the enemy refused to fight when attacking , When we retreated, the enemy had already cut off the way back, and the entire army must have been wiped out, how do you explain it?" Xia Houxuan panicked and told Cao Shuang. In May, Cao Shuang retreated.Fei Yi led his army to Sanling (Shenling, Yaling, and Fenshuiling. The three mountains are all in the southwest of Zhouzhi County, Shaanxi Province) to intercept them. Cao Shuang's army fought hard to win the pass, but was able to escape. The troops suffered heavy casualties.Because of this battle, the people in the Guanzhong area were exhausted. 5. In autumn, in August, Cao Xun, King Qin of the Cao Wei Empire, passed away. 6. In winter, in December, Cui Lin, the supreme supervisor (Sikong) and Marquis of Anyang (Xiaohou) of the Cao Wei Empire passed away. 7. This year, Jiang Wan, the supreme commander of the Shu-Han Empire (Grand Sima), resigned from the prefect of Yizhou (Sichuan Province and Yunnan Province) and was willing to hand over to the supreme commander Fei Yi.Emperor Liu Chan of the Shu Han Dynasty appointed Fei Yi, governor of Yizhou; Dong Yun, a senior consultant (servant), and director of political affairs (shangshuling), as Fei Yi's assistants. At this time, the empire was in troubled times, with constant battles and complicated official affairs.When Fei Yi was the Director of Administrative Affairs, his insight and comprehension ability surpassed that of ordinary people; when reviewing documents, he could see the theme of it with just a glance, and his reaction speed was several times faster than that of ordinary people, and he would never forget it. .Working hours are in the morning and afternoon.While working, he receives visitors; while drinking and eating, he does leisure activities, and even plays chess with others, having fun, but never delays a business.When Dong Yun took over Fei Yi's position, he planned to follow Fei Yi's style of work, but after only a dozen days, the official business was backlogged and he couldn't move forward. Putting in all your time at work and still feeling like you don't have enough time. 1. In the spring, the first month, the Cao Wei Empire (capital Luoyang) promoted Hussar General Zhao Yan as the Supreme Inspector (Sikong). 2. Sun He, the crown prince of the Eastern Wu Empire (capital Jianye), lived in the same palace with his younger brother Sun Ba, the king of Lu, and they received exactly the same treatment.Many government officials (including Shiyi) pointed out to the Eastern Wu Emperor (the first emperor) Sun Quan (he is 64 years old) that the measures were inappropriate.Sun Quan then ordered the two to live separately and set up their own bureaucrats. As a result, the relationship between the brothers turned bad. (Since the subordinates are divided, it becomes a situation of engulfing each other; the tail-wagging system each does something that it thinks is loyal to the master, and the disaster is out of control.) Quan Cong, the commander of the capital's garrison (General Wei), ordered his son Quan Ji to serve Sun Ba (Quan Cong had already seen that Sun Ba would succeed in seizing the heir), and wrote to Prime Minister Lu Xun of this decision (Lu Xun still stayed in Wuchang) ), Lu Xun replied: "If you have talents, you don't have to worry about not being reused, and you don't have to use the method of establishing personal friendship to reserve glory and wealth; if you don't have talents, doing so will bring disaster. ) and King Lu (Sun Ba) are evenly matched now, but in the future they will definitely be victorious. This is the most dangerous situation considered by the ancients and should not be intervened." Sun Ba's resentment towards Sun He.Lu Xun wrote to Quan Cong, saying: "You don't follow the example of Jin Rijun in how to serve Liu Che (refer to 1987), but indulge Quan sent to go to the front, I am afraid that you will eventually cause a catastrophe for your family." Quan Cong disagreed. Satisfied with Lu Xun's attitude, he neither paid attention to nor replied to the letter, and further widened the rift between Sun He and Sun Ba. Sun Ba tried his best to make friends with famous people at that time.General Zhu Ji was praised for his courage and courage. Sun Ba went to his headquarters in person and sat down next to him, intending to establish a friendship.Zhu Ji immediately got off his seat and stood aside, resolutely expressing that he did not dare to take responsibility.Zhu Ji was the son of Zhu Ran, a chariot general. The struggle for succession has become fierce. From the palace servants to the prince and prince's guests, they are divided into two factions.The two factions formed factions, mutual suspicion and hatred, and gradually spread to senior officials.As a result, the Soochow Empire was divided into two, and the prince faction and the prince faction were in sharp opposition.Sun Quan, Emperor of the Eastern Wu Dynasty, got the news and ordered them not to communicate with the outside world on the pretext of wanting them to concentrate on their studies.The military inspector (envoy of the warlord) Yang Qin wrote a letter warning: "According to your majesty's edict, deprive the imperial guards of the prince (Sun He) and King Lu (Sun Ba), cut off the guests, and make the four parties pay respects and cannot be presented. This The decision caused shock far and near, and both senior officials and ordinary people were disappointed. Some people say that this is because the crown prince and King Lu did not know how to abide by the state system. In fact, even if they are suspected of not complying with the state system, they should be investigated secretly , find a way to remedy it, and should not make outsiders talk a lot. I am afraid that if I say too much suspicion, it will become a malicious attack. After a long time, it will inevitably spread everywhere. The West (Shu Han Empire) and the North (Cao Wei Empire) are not far from us. , may think that the prince and the king of Lu have betrayed, I don't know how your majesty will explain it?" Sun Dahu, the eldest daughter of Sun Quan, married Quan Cong, the military director of the left wing (Zuo Hujun. This is a part-time job, and his current position is the capital garrison commander).The youngest daughter, Sun Xiaohu, married Hussar General Zhu Ju (born to his second daughter, Mrs. Junbu); Sun Dahu (Princess Quan) had never been on good terms with the crown prince Sun He's mother, the wife of the Prince.Sun Quan planned to make Mrs. Wang a queen, but Sun Dahu tried his best to stop it; later, he was afraid that the prince Sun He would have a grudge and would retaliate in the future, so he was uneasy, so he kept framing Sun He in front of his father.Sun Quan happened to be ill, so he ordered Sun He to go to Sun Ce Temple (south of Zhuque Bridge) to pray.Sun He's uncle-in-law, Zhang Xiu, who lives near the Sun Ce Temple, invited Sun He to sit at home after offering sacrifices.Sun Dahu sent people to follow him, and then he reported to his father: "Sun He is not in the temple at all, but went to his wife's family to discuss important matters." He also said: "Mrs. Wang is very happy to see the emperor lying in bed." Sun Quan was so stimulated. In a fit of rage, Mrs. Wang died of grief in the shock.And the favor of the crown prince Sunhe has even diminished. Sun Ba's tail wagging system, Yang Zhu, Quan Ji, Wu An, Sun Qi, etc., constantly criticized the prince Sun He in front of Sun Quan, and Sun Quan was deeply influenced by their slander.丞相陆逊上书说：“皇太子是国家的正统，地位该像磐石般稳固。而鲁王不过藩属亲王，所赐给他的宠爱，应该有所差别，则彼此都得到适当的位置，上下才能平安。”奏章连上三四次，情辞激切，又准备亲自到首都建业，当面陈述嫡子与庶子的大义，孙权大不高兴。 祭祀部长（太常）顾谭，是陆逊的外甥，也上书说：“我曾经听说，无论你是国君，或是家长，一定要明显的划分嫡子庶子；嫡子地位尊严，庶子地位卑微。高下有差别，等级不可超越。必须如此，骨肉的恩情才可保全，夺嫡的邪念才可以消灭。从前，贾谊呈献《治安策》（参考前一七四年），讨论封国的形势，认为：'权力太大，即令血缘再亲，一定叛逆。权力较小，关系虽然疏远，也会保全。'淮南王刘长，是皇帝（西汉王朝五任文帝）刘恒的亲弟弟，不能享受他采邑的奉养，因为刘长的势力太大（参考前一七四年）。长沙王吴芮，既非皇族，又不同姓，可是王位代代相传，因为他的权力较小（参考前一五七年）。刘恒曾教他的小老婆慎夫人跟皇后同坐一桌，袁盎把慎夫人的座位搬开，刘恒怒不可遏，可是等到袁盎解释他所以这么做的原因，不但上下应有分别，而且也可避免'人彘'惨祸；刘恒欣喜，慎夫人醒悟（参考前一七八年）。我今天的陈述，并不偏袒任何一人，目的只要使太子平安，并保全鲁王性命。”孙霸遂把顾谭记恨在心。 Bo Yang said: 夺嫡斗争，是君主专制制度下最残忍的斗争之一，本属手足的至亲骨肉，只要夺嫡之念一起，轻者数人流血，重者一场屠杀。然而，奇怪的是，明知道是这种结局，当君王的老爹，却往往亲自制造出这种夺嫡斗争，桩桩件件，上的记载，十分详尽。从战国时代魏国太子魏跟老弟魏缓之斗开始（参考前三七一年），一直斗到中国最后的清王朝，每一次都是老爹亲自埋下炸药，再由老爹亲自引爆。 但我们最感兴趣的却是大臣们的规劝之言。所有的夺嫡斗争在流血之前，都有人提出严厉警告，言辞沉痛，像顾谭引用贾谊的话：“权力太大，即令血缘再亲，一定叛逆。”可谓当头巨棒，历尽人生艰难的孙权却不能接受，而明明是救孙霸一命，孙霸不但不感谢，反而怀恨在心。这种情形，过去固层出不穷，将来更会多如牛毛。很多事就是这样，当事人只因一念之私——某一个关节上不能突破，就把拖自己下水的鲨鱼群，当成爱我忠我的不贰之臣。而把抛给他救生圈的人，当成仇敌。岂止孙霸一人而已，岂止夺嫡斗争而已。人类只要有一点点私欲遮住眼睛，便无法看到历史上的血迹。 芍陂（安徽省寿县西南安丰塘）之役（参考二四一年四月），顾谭跟老弟顾承以及张休，都有功劳。而当时指挥官全琮的儿子全端、全绪，跟他们争功，向东吴帝孙权打小报告诬陷，孙权受到摆弄，把顾谭、顾承、张休，一齐贬到交州（广东、广西及越南北部），而且越想越生气，下令强迫张休自杀（张休是故辅吴将军张昭的儿子，死年四十一岁）。 太子师傅（太子太傅）吾粲（吾，姓），请求派鲁王孙霸，镇守夏口（湖北省武汉市），并请命杨竺等离开京师（首都建业）。并不断把各种消息，告诉陆逊。孙霸、杨竺反击，共同诬陷吾粲，孙权再被激怒，下令逮捕吾粲，就在狱中处死。接着一连串派宦官去责备陆逊，追问很多事情。陆逊愤怒怨恨交集，竟然逝世（年六十三岁）。他的儿子陆抗当建武指挥官（建武校尉），暂时接管老爹的军队，把老爹的棺柩运回故乡吴郡（江苏省苏州市）安葬。回程时，晋见孙权，孙权把杨竺所指控陆逊的二十条项目，一一质问，陆抗一一说明，孙权的怒意才稍稍化解。 3、夏季，六月，曹魏帝国最高监察长（司空）都乡侯（穆侯）赵俨逝世。 4、秋季，七月，东吴帝国将军马茂，阴谋击斩东吴帝孙权跟重要官员，投降曹魏帝国，事情泄露，马茂跟他的同党，全被屠杀。 5、八月，曹魏帝国擢升祭祀部长高柔当最高监察长。 6、蜀汉帝国（首都成都）吴太后逝世（吴太后是吴懿之妹，刘备即皇帝位时封皇后，参考二二一年五月。原文是“甘太后”逝世，甘太后是刘禅生母，早在南郡时逝世）。 7、东吴帝国皇帝孙权，派指挥官（校尉）陈勋，率屯垦部队及工兵部队三万人，开凿句容（江苏省句容市）山道，从小其（今地不详，依地望推测，应在句容市境）到云阳（江苏省丹阳市）西城，为了鼓励来往商人和旅客，特地兴筑馆舍楼台（史书含糊，不知在何处兴筑馆舍楼台）。 8、冬季，十一月，蜀汉帝国最高指挥官蒋琬逝世。 9、十二月，蜀汉帝国最高统帅费祎，前往汉中郡（陕西省汉中市），增加各要塞兵力。 10、蜀汉帝国政务署长（尚书令）董允逝世。擢升政务署执行官（尚书）吕乂（音yi）当政务署长。 董允居心公正，认为应该做的事或应该禁止的事，随时都会提出建议，竭尽忠贞，蜀汉帝（二任）刘禅（本年三十九岁）对他很是敬畏。宦官黄皓，奸猾而绝顶聪明，刘禅对他十分宠爱，董允时常严肃的规劝刘禅，也时常责备黄皓。黄皓畏惧董允，不敢为非作歹。所以直到董允逝世，黄皓的官位不过禁宫副侍从官（黄门丞）。 费祎命政务署考选司助理官（选曹郎）汝南郡（河南省息县）人陈祗，接替董允的高级咨询官（侍中）位置。陈祗端庄威严，很有才艺，也很有小聪明小智慧，所以费祎认为他的贤明能干，特别越级擢升。可是陈祗却跟黄皓结交，互相协助，黄皓才开始接触权柄，不断升迁，终于升迁到高位——寝殿侍奉宦官（中常侍。这是一个恶名昭彰的官衔。参考二世纪六〇年代至八〇年代），操纵国政，最后断送蜀汉帝国。因为陈祗用谄媚博取到皇帝宠爱，使刘禅回想董允的严正态度，认为董允看不起他这个皇帝，对董允遂十分怨恨，这一切都是由于陈祗摇尾逢迎和黄皓不断打小报告的结果。 1、春季，二月，东吴帝国（首都建业）车骑将军朱然（时驻乐乡），攻击曹魏帝国（首都洛阳）的柤中（湖北省南漳县东），斩杀跟俘虏数千人回军。 2、曹魏帝国幽州（河北省北部及辽宁省）州长（刺史）毌丘俭，认为高句丽王国（首都丸都）国王（十一任东川王）高位宫，不断背叛并侵略中国。遂率军攻击，高位宫战败逃走，毌丘俭进入首都丸都，屠城；斩杀及俘虏以千为计算单位。 高句丽王国大臣得来，多次劝阻高位宫不可以背叛中国，高位宫拒不接受，得来叹息说：“马上就会看到首都长满荒草！”绝食而死。毌丘俭下令保护得来坟墓，不准砍伐坟园树木，俘虏得来的妻子儿女，全都释放送回。 高位宫和他的王后，落荒逃走，毌丘俭撤退。不久，毌丘俭发动第二次攻击，高位宫只好逃向买沟（朝鲜会宁市）。毌丘俭派玄菟郡（辽宁省沈阳市）郡长王颀追击，越过沃沮部落（朝鲜东北部）一千余里，到肃慎部落（黑龙江下游一带）南界，刻石立碑，记载这次远征的功绩，然后班师，斩杀及裹胁八千余人。曹魏帝国政府论功行赏，封侯爵的一百余人。 3、秋季，九月，东吴帝国皇帝（一任大帝）孙权（本年六十五岁）擢升骠骑将军步骘当丞相；车骑将军朱然当左翼最高指挥官（左大司马）；首都卫戍司令（卫将军）全琮当右翼最高指挥官（右大司马）。把荆州（湖北省南部及湖南省）分割为东西两部：擢升镇南将军吕岱当上大将军，镇守西部，统御武昌（湖北省鄂州市）以西到蒲圻（湖北省嘉鱼县西南陆溪镇）地区。擢升威北将军诸葛恪当最高统帅（大将军），镇守东部，接替已逝世的陆逊的位置，驻防武昌（湖北省鄂州市。陆逊儿子陆抗则接替诸葛恪，镇守柴桑）。 4、蜀汉帝国（首都成都）大赦。 农林部长（大司农）河南郡（河南省洛阳市东白马寺东）人孟光，在大庭广众中，责备最高统帅费祎说：“大赦，是一件不公平的事情，圣明之世，不应该发生。只有权力到了不能维持尊严之时，实在不得已，才可以姑且实施。现在，主上（皇帝刘禅）仁慈，文武百官都尽忠职守，有什么紧急情况，需要国家的非常恩典，去鼓励恶人恶行？”费祎无言可对，只是连连道歉，表示不安。 最初，诸葛亮当丞相时，有人抨击他吝啬大赦。诸葛亮说：“治理国家，要靠大恩德，不靠小恩小惠，所以匡衡、吴汉都反对赦免（匡衡事，参考前四二年六月，吴汉事，参考四四年四月），先帝（一任帝刘备）也曾说过：'我跟陈纪、郑玄交往，常听他们分析治乱的道理，从来没有提到过赦免。像刘表、刘琮父子（二人均是东汉王朝末期荆州全权州长），年年赦免，对社会秩序，有什么帮助？'”因为这个缘故，蜀汉帝国人民，认为诸葛亮贤能，而费祎远赶不上。 陈寿评曰： 诸葛亮主持政府，不断有军事行动，却不随意赦免，岂不是见解卓越！ Bo Yang said: 刑罚的目的，是使罪恶行为跟社会永远隔离，使犯罪的人变成善士，在目的还没有达成之前，即行赦免，而且经常赦免，结果是罪恶不但不受法律制裁，反而受法律保护。张三杀了人，本来应该处刑，忽然间遇到赦免，大摇大摆，走到哭声还没有停止的被害人家门口，洋洋得意亮相，没有人敢动他一根毫毛。于是，就会有些暴徒，因为预测将有大赦，而出手行凶，善良的人只有战栗的分。所以，频繁的赦免，势必将把法律摧毁，造成政府威信的丧失和人民品质的堕落。 法律是尊严的，但法律不是万能，如果执行法律会引起更大伤害，就必须停止执行；不能用法律停止执行时，就应用政治阻止执行。法律固然神圣不可侵犯，但法律之上，还有更高的权威，就是正义——人民的良心和良知。在这个关键时刻，赦免则是一种必要的政治救赎。姿势太高的人，诸如王允之类（参考一九二年六月），他坚持不赦的原则，以显示他所谓的公平正直，结果为全国造成难以挽回的苦难。 5、东吴帝国“大钱”无法推行，废除。（二三六年，铸大钱“一枚当五百枚”；二三八年，又铸大钱“一枚当一千枚”。不能解决经济问题，只能引起通货膨胀。） 6、蜀汉帝国皇帝（二任）刘禅（本年四十岁），任命凉州（甘肃省中部西部）州长（空头官衔。此时凉州属曹魏）姜维当首都卫戍司令，跟最高统帅费祎，同时主管政府机要（录尚书事）。 汶山郡（四川省汶川县）平康县（四川省黑水县）蛮夷叛变，姜维讨伐平定。 7、蜀汉帝刘禅，不断出宫游逛，扩大声色犬马的享乐。太子宫内宅管理官（太子家令）巴西郡（四川省阆中市）人谯周，上书规劝说： “从前，王莽（新王朝一任帝）溃败，英雄豪杰，一时并起，争夺帝王宝座。才智人士，渴望投奔的对象，不是看他的土地大小、力量强弱，而是看他的恩德厚薄。当时，刘玄（玄汉王朝一任帝）、公孙述（成家帝国一任帝）等，已经有了一个局面，但他们却行为放纵，只求一时的称心快意，不肯把精力放到国事上。世祖（东汉王朝一任帝刘秀）刚到黄河以北，冯异等建议：'应该做别人做不出来的事。'世祖（刘秀）遂昭雪冤狱，提倡节俭，北方人民歌颂赞叹，声威远播（参考二三年十月）。 “于是，邓禹从南阳郡追来（参考二三年十月）；吴汉、寇恂从没有见过世祖（刘秀）的面，也发兵相助；其他望风投奔的，有邳肜、耿纯、刘植等；甚至有的人躺在病床上，带着棺材（指耿纯），背着婴儿，都来相随（以上参考二三年十月至二四年二月）。世祖这才转弱为强，建立帝王大业。后来在首都洛阳，有一次曾想外出，铫期规劝，世祖立刻回头。（《后汉书·铫期传》：刘秀曾经跟期门武士约好出宫，铫期在车前顿首说：“我听说过，变乱发生，往往出人意外，实在不愿陛下穿着平民衣服，总是出游。”刘秀接受劝告，返回。） “可是，当颍川郡（河南省禹州市）变民起兵之时，寇恂请世祖御驾亲征，世祖立刻出发（参考三二年八月）。两件事情说明：如果不是重要的紧急事务，连出去玩一会都不敢；一旦遇到重要的紧急情况，连躲起来偷一下懒都不肯。帝王治理国家，必须如此。所以古书上说'人民的眼睛是雪亮的'（“百姓不徒附”），必须有恩德作为号召。而今，汉王朝遭逢噩运，天下三分，正是英雄豪杰渴望全国统一，明主出现的时候，请陛下效法世祖'做别人做不出来的事'，满足人民的心愿。 “侍奉祭祀皇庙，是引导人民如何尊敬君王。而今，一年四季的祭祀大典，陛下有时候竟然不肯主持，可是游逛花园池塘时，陛下却有的是工夫，无不亲自前往。我虽愚昧，暗中仍不能安心。忧国忧民，身负重责的人，没有太多的时间享乐。先帝（刘备）的大业，好像兴建房舍，不过仅只画出蓝图（《书经·大诰》：当父亲兴建的房舍，已画出蓝图。可是当儿子的连基础都不肯奠定，何况盖屋）。现在不是尽情欢乐的时候。请求陛下减少音乐官员的数目，减少后宫美女的数目。对于一切宫殿工程，只限于保养先帝在位时所建的，作为后代子子孙孙节俭的榜样。” 刘禅不理。 1、春季，正月，东吴帝国（首都建业）右翼最高指挥官（右大司马）全琮逝世。 2、二月，日食。 3、曹魏帝国（首都洛阳）政务署执行官（尚书）何晏等，围绕在最高统帅（大将军）曹爽四周，不断更改国家的法令和制度。全国武装部队总司令（太尉）蒋济，上书曹魏帝（三任）曹芳（事实上是上书给辅政的曹爽），说：“从前，姚重华（舜帝）辅佐伊祁放勋（尧帝）时，特别禁止官员们结成党羽。姬旦（周公）辅佐姬诵（成王），特别注意某些人集结在一起，包围君王。（《书经·洛诰》：姬旦告诫姬诵：“娃儿，小心那伙人！娃儿，小心那伙人，不要跳进圈套！”原文：“孺子其朋，孺子其朋，其往。”）国家的法令制度，只有世界上智慧最高的人才，才能建立，永垂后世。一群中等低等才智的普通官员，怎么有能力改变？不但对治理国家没有贡献，而且恰恰足以伤害人民。我建议，应告诫文武百官，各人严守各人的岗位，按部就班做事，才可感动上天，祥和之气，才可以降临。” 4、东吴帝国皇帝（一任大帝）孙权（本年六十六岁），下诏把武昌（东吴故都·湖北省鄂州市）宫殿的建筑材料，全部运到首都建业，另行兴筑宫殿。主管官员报告说：“武昌宫殿建成已二十八年（孙权于二二一年五月，把首府从公安迁到武昌，筑城建宫，迄本年二十七年），建材有些恐怕已经不能再用，最好通令全国郡县，重新砍伐呈献。”孙权说：“古时姒文命（大禹）认为宫殿简陋，是一种美德。现在军事行动仍然不能停止，处处都靠征粮纳税，如果再通令全国郡县去砍伐木材，一定妨碍民间农田耕种。只要把武昌储存的木材砖瓦运过来，就足够用。”遂搬到南宫暂住。 三月，改建太初宫（方三百丈），各将领跟各郡县地方政府官员，都义务服役。 5、曹魏帝国（首都洛阳）最高统帅曹爽，接受何晏、邓飏、丁谧的建议，把皇太后郭女士，迁移到永宁宫。曹爽遂完全控制政府，独断独行，树立亲党，屡次改变国家制度。皇家师傅司马懿不能禁止，乃跟曹爽决裂。（胡三省原注：“陈寿《三国志》说：'把郭太后迁徙到永宁宫。'不是事实，因为郭太后本来就住在永宁宫，只是司马家族摇尾系统为了打击曹爽，杜撰罪状，故意栽赃。《晋书·五行志》载：'曹爽强迫郭太后迁到永宁宫，郭太后跟皇帝曹芳，流泪而别。'也是照抄司马家摇尾系统所记。”） 五月，司马懿声称有病，不再参与政府事务。（曹爽集团咄咄逼人，司马懿陷于孤立，只有暂时退出战场自保，冷眼旁观。） 6、东吴帝国丞相步骘逝世。 7、曹魏帝国皇帝曹芳（本年十六岁）喜爱接近品格卑劣的小人物，在深宫后院游宴。 秋季，七月，政务署执行官（尚书）何晏上书说：“从今之后，陛下前往式乾殿或到御花园，最好由大臣随从左右，一方面答复陛下对国家政事的询问，一方面可以随时讲解儒家学派经典，作为万世典范。” 冬季，十二月，散骑侍从官（散骑常侍）兼议论官（谏议大夫）孔乂上书说：“现在，天下太平，陛下应该舍弃深宫后院的欢乐，不必再学习骑马，出宫时一定要乘坐车辆，这是天下之福和我们做臣属的盼望。”曹芳全不接受。 8、东吴帝国