Chapter 12 520s (420-429)

1. In spring, on the 14th day of the first lunar month, Tuoba Si (29 years old this year), the emperor of the Northern Wei Empire (capital Pingcheng) returned to the palace. 2. The king of the Western Qin Kingdom (the capital of Yanhan) (the third King Wenzhao) begged Chipan to enshrine his son Qifu Mumo as the prince, and he is still the general of the Fujun and the commander-in-chief of all military regions across the country (supervising Chinese and foreign military forces), Amnesty, changed the name to Jianhong (the ninth year of Yongkang before, and the first year of Jianhong after).

3. The Jin Empire (capital Jiankang) Song Wang Liu Yu (who was stationed in Shouyang at the time) planned to teach the Jin Emperor (the 17th Emperor Gong) Sima Dewen (35 years old this year) to use the "abdication" model praised by the Confucian school However, he himself was inconvenient to express directly, so he gathered the officials of the Song Dynasty to drink and feast together. During the banquet, when the atmosphere was very harmonious, Liu Yu said: "Huanxuan usurped the throne, The transfer of power was the first time I shouted for righteousness, restored the emperor, and then conquered the north and the north, pacified the world, accomplished great success, and established the great cause. Then the emperor bestowed "Nine Tins" (nine tins, refer to four years). But I I am aging (this year, fifty-eight years old), but my status is so lofty, and all things in the world are full of taboos. If this continues, it will not be safe for a long time. I plan to return the title to the emperor and return to the capital (capital Jiankang) Retirement." The officials of the Song Dynasty didn't know the real intention of Liu Yu's words, so they had to sing praises blindly.It wasn't until the evening, Xi San, when Fu Liang, the Supreme Legislative Yuan (Zhong Shu Ling), came out that he suddenly realized what Liu Yu's purpose was. At this time, the palace gate was closed. Fu Liang knocked on the door and asked to be summoned. Yu immediately opened the door.When Fu Liang entered the palace, he only said: "I want to return to the capital temporarily." Liu Yu understood what he meant and didn't say anything else, but asked directly: "How many escorts do you want?" Fu Liang said: "Dozens of people are enough." .” Saying goodbye.When Fu Liang came out of the palace, it was already night, and only long stars were seen across the night sky (in ancient astronomy, there are three kinds of stars, which are roughly the same in the wizard's divination books. One is "Bei Xing", with a short tail light. The other is "comet" , with a long tail and a shape like a broom, also known as a broom star. The third is the "long star", the light of the tail is condensed into a line, the short one is as long as a finger, and the long one runs through the sky), Fu Liang patted his thigh and sighed: "I used to I don’t believe in astronomy, and now astronomy has been fulfilled!” (The wizard’s divination book says: The appearance of stars, comets, and long stars means that the earth will get rid of the old and become new.) Fu Liang arrived in Jiankang.

In summer, in April, Emperor Sima Dewen of Jin issued an edict to call Liu Yu, king of Song, to return to Beijing. Liu Yu left his son Liu Yikang as the commander-in-chief of the Yusi Yongbin military region (the governor of Yusi Yongbin and the military forces of the four prefectures), the governor of Yuzhou (the governor), and guarding Shouyang.Liu Yikang was still young, so Liu Yu appointed Liu Zhan, a military councilor of Xiangguo's mansion (Xiangguo joined the army) and a native of Nanyang County (Nanyang City, Henan Province) to be the Secretary-General (Chang Shi) to handle all affairs of the state government and the military headquarters.

Liu Zhan has management skills since he was a child. He usually compares himself to Guan Zhong and Zhuge Liang. He is knowledgeable, but he doesn't write articles and doesn't like to talk about them. 4. On May 2, the Northern Wei Empire revoked Tuobagui's posthumous title of Emperor Xuanwu and renamed him Emperor Daowu (Tuobagui's posthumous title was originally called Emperor Xuanwu, refer to September 410). 5. Ma Guofan and Chi Yangzi Sima Daoci of the Huainan Company of the Northern Wei Dynasty conspired to rebel; they were reported by Sima Wensi. On May 27th, Tuoba Si, Emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty, killed Sima Guofan and Sima Daoci, and made Sima Wensi the Duke of Yu Lin.Sima Guofan and others implicated a large number of gentlemen and hooligans in Pingcheng, the capital, and dozens of people from the whole family were executed.Feng Xuanzhi, the son of Zhang Anhou Fengyi (refer to leap December in 417), should also be beheaded. Tuobasi believed that Feng Xuanzhi was a family of Yan State (before and after the Yan Empire), and planned to spare one of his sons.Feng Xuanzhi said: "My nephew Feng Monu, his father died when he was young, please save his life." Tuoba Si beheaded Feng Xuanzhi's four sons and pardoned Feng Monu.

6. On June 9th, Liu Yu, king of the Song Dynasty of the Jin Empire, arrived in the capital Jiankang.The Supreme Legislator of the Legislative Yuan (Zhongshu Ling) Fu Liang used strong implicit or explicit pressure to order Sima Dewen, Emperor Jin (the 17th Emperor Gong) to abdicate the power to Liu Yu; he submitted the draft of the edict of abdication and asked Sima Dewen to write it himself write.Sima Dewen happily picked up his pen, and said to the left and right: "At the time of Huanxuan, the Jin State (the Jin Empire) had already lost the world. Thanks to Liu Gong (Liu Yu), it was extended for nearly 20 years (404-404). This year, a total of 17 years), it is my intention to do this today." Then he copied the draft on the red paper specially used for edicts.

On June 11th, Sima Dewen went out of the palace and returned to his original residence - Langya Palace, where all the civil and military officials kowtowed and said goodbye.Xu Guang, the royal librarian (secretary supervisor), cried bitterly and was very mournful (the Jin Empire has perished here, and it has been established for 156 years, with a total of 17 kings and 16 emperors. The second and fourth terms are both Sima sincerity). On June 14th, Song Wang Liu Yu built a high platform in Jiankang and ascended the throne of the emperor.After the ceremony, take Fajia (the emperor’s special convoy) from Shitou (Northwest of Jiankang City) and enter Jiankang Palace (a new government appears, which is only called one word in traditional history books: "Song." But in history it is There are four "Songs", which have to be divided into: Jie Song, Song, Han Song, and Southern Song. This is the Southern Song Empire).Xu Guang felt sad again, weeping and weeping.Xie Hui, a senior consultant (servant), said to him: "Mr. Xu, isn't this a bit too much for you!" Sadness and joy are different." Xu Guang is Xu Miao's younger brother (Xu Miao, refer to September 375).

Liu Yu personally went to the Taiji Hall, amnesty, and changed the name to Yongchu (the first year was the second year of Jin Yuanxi, and then the first year of Yongchu in the Southern Song Dynasty).An edict: All those who have been attacked by public opinion in the village will have their reputations restored, so that they have a chance to reform. Pei Ziye said: Once upon a time, when Yao Chonghua (Yu Shun) accepted the national responsibility, he first exiled the "four evils" (four evils: Gonggong, Huandou, Sanmiao, and Sigun, refer to the note in May 184).Ji Fa (the first King Wu of the Zhou Dynasty) defeated the Shang Dynasty and moved the recalcitrant survivors to Luoyi (Luoyang City, Henan Province).As long as it is a crime, it is a crime wherever it goes. It is a fault to offend the people in the village and even forgive it (Pei Ziye, a native of the Nanliang Empire, "Song Lue").

Bo Yang said: Pei Ziye's remarks revealed that he has a kind of persecution mania for lonely and lonely people. "As long as it is a crime, it is a crime everywhere." The words are beautiful, Huanxuan's usurpation is a crime, why is Liu Yu's usurpation suddenly not a crime, but Gaozu Wudi?Yao Chonghua's exile of the "Four Murders" was an act of punishing the losers after winning a fierce internal struggle, and it was only to clear away possible stumbling blocks when he usurped power in the future.The "stubborn people" in Ji Fa's eyes are the lonely ministers and martyrs of the Shang Dynasty.The so-called clean-up in the countryside should be a public opinion among the people, but the clean-up in the era of great division is in the hands of rich and powerful landlords and intellectuals. Liu Yu is deeply aware of the abuse of the "clear-up", so once he has power, he will immediately abolish it. .Liu Yu seldom performed respectable actions in his life, and he should be praised for washing away the harm caused by the Qingyi in the village to the lonely and hard-core people.

7. The Southern Song Dynasty conferred Sima Dewen as Lingling King, and the etiquette of preferential treatment and respect followed the precedent in the early years of the Jin Dynasty (refer to December 265), in the old Moling County (Nanmoling Township, Jiangning County, Jiangsu Province) ) to build the palace for Sima Dewen, and sent the champion general Liu Zunkao to lead the army to protect and defend.Empress Chu Lingyuan downgraded to princess. Liu Yu respected his deceased father Liu Qiao as Emperor Xiaomu, his mother Ms. Zhao as Empress Xiaomu, and honored his stepmother, Queen Mother Xiao Wenshou as Empress Dowager.Liu Yu has always been cautious in serving his stepmother. When he ascended the throne of the emperor, he was old (this year, Liu Yu was fifty-eight years old), and he still went to the Empress Dowager's Palace to meet his stepmother every morning, and never missed the time.

Liu Yu issued an edict: The titles of the Jin Empire should be changed with the transfer of power.Only Shixing Duke, Luling Duke, Shi'an Duke, Changsha Duke, and Kangle Duke were left, and they were downgraded to county-level Duke and County-level Marquis respectively to maintain Wang Dao (Shixing County Duke descended to Huarong County Duke), Xie An ( Duke of Luling County surrendered to Chaiqi County Duke), Wen Qiao (Mr. Sacrificial incense.Those who contributed to the "Yixi Uprising" (resisting the Battle of Huanxuan, refer to 405) and those who have survived the hardships will not be downgraded, and will remain in place.

On June 17, Liu Yu was promoted to the Chief Inspector (Sikong) and Liu Daorian to be the Commander-in-Chief of the National Armed Forces (Taiwei) and named Changsha King.The Prime Minister (Situ) Liu Daogui was posthumously appointed as the King of Linchuan, and Liu Yiqing, the son of Liu Daolian, was appointed to inherit the title of King of Linchuan.The rest of the heroes, such as Xu Xianzhi, were granted titles and promotions according to their ranks. Posthumously granted Liu Muzhi the Duke of Nankang County and Wang Zhen'e the Marquis of Longyang County.Liu Yu often missed Liu Muzhi (refer to November 417), and said: "If Liu Muzhi does not die, he will help me govern the world. It is true: 'When such a person dies, the family and the country will be hurt at the same time.'" ( "The Book of Songs Zhanying": "When a person dies, the country dies.") also said: "After Liu Muzhi died, people underestimated my ability." The princes, Liu Yizhen, Duke of Guiyang, were promoted to be King of Luling, Duke Liu Yilong of Pengcheng, King of Yidu, and Duke Liu Yikang, King of Pengcheng. On June 26, the "Taishi Calendar" (refer to December 265) was cancelled, and the "Yongchu Calendar" was used instead (the year number was changed and the calendar was changed at the same time). 8. Tuoba Si, Emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty, went to Yidu Mountain (probably referring to Beimanhan Mountain in Liangcheng County, Inner Mongolia), and went west to Fengluchi (Yanchi, Dingbian County, Shaanxi Province). The carriage recruited Cui Hao to the palace, and said to him: "Your prophecy back then (refer to December of the previous year) was completely fulfilled, and I have only believed in the way of heaven until today." In autumn, on July 15th, Tuobasi arrived in Wuyuan (Baotou City, Inner Mongolia). 9. On July 22, Emperor Liu Yu of the Southern Song Dynasty issued an edict to appoint the leader of the Kingdom of Xiliang (the capital of Jiuquan) (second term), the Duke of Liang Li Xin as the commander-in-chief of the seven counties including Gaochang (the governor of the seven counties including Gaochang) ), the general who conquered the west, and the Duke of Jiuquan.He also appointed Qifu Chipan, the king of Xiqin, as the general of Anxi. 10. Du Huidu, governor of Jiaozhou (the state government was set up as a dragon) in the Southern Song Dynasty, attacked the Linyi Kingdom (central part of Vietnam), defeated the Linyi Army, and killed more than half of the native soldiers.The Kingdom of Linyi requested to surrender, and to return all the people and property looted and looted by the successive invasions of China. Du Huidu presided over Jiaozhou, handled official affairs, and was meticulous and cautious, as if managing his own family affairs. No matter the officials or the people, they respected and loved him very much.The gates of the city are not closed at night, and no one picks up things lost on the road. 11. On July 25, Tuoba Si, Emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty, went to Yunzhong Palace (Toketuo County, Inner Mongolia). 12. The leader of the Kingdom of Northern Liang (capital Guzang) (the second king of Wuxuan), King Juqu Mengxun of Hexi (53 years old this year), intends to attack the Kingdom of Xiliang.Therefore, first attacked Haoquan (southwest of Yongdeng County, Gansu Province) in the east. After arriving at Haoquan, the army secretly returned to the army and secretly stationed in Chuanyan (165 kilometers southwest of Zhangye City, Gansu Province). . Li Xin, the leader (second term) of the Xiliang Kingdom and the Duke of Liang, received news of Juqu Mengxun's attack on Haoquan, and planned to attack Zhangye by taking advantage of the emptiness of defense in the west of the Beiliang Kingdom.The Secretary-General of the Right (You Changshi) Song Yao, and the Secretary-General of the Left (Zuo Changshi) Zhang Tishun earnestly dissuaded him, but Li Xin ignored them.Li Xin's mother, the queen mother, Ms. Yin also warned Li Xin: "Your kingdom is just a newly established country. The place is small and the people are few. I am afraid that I will not be strong enough to defend myself. How can I spare the power to attack others! The former king (Li Hao) ) was dying (refer to February 417) and repeatedly told you to be cautious about military operations, protect the country and the people, and wait for the opportunity. His words are still in my ears, so why put them aside. The spirit of Juqu Mengxun In combat, you are not his opponent. For many years, you have always had the ambition to annex us. Although your kingdom is small, it is enough to implement good governance, cultivate kindness, raise people, and hope calmly. If Juqu Mengxun is fatuous and tyrannical, The people will return to you; if you are wise, you should serve him. How can you act rashly and pursue something that is not yours, just to get away with it. According to my judgment, not only the army suffered losses in this battle, but the country may also be destroyed. "Li Xin still didn't accept it.Song Yao sighed and said: "At this point, the general situation is gone." Li Xin led 30,000 infantry and cavalry to set off eastward from the capital Jiuquan.Juqu Mengxun received the information and said: "Li Xin has jumped into my trap, but if he hears that I have returned to the army to ambush, he will not dare to move forward." He also declared that he would attack Huang Gu (should be near Haoquan).Li Xin was overjoyed when he heard the news, and his army entered Dudujian (west of Zhangye City, Gansu Province). Juqu Mengxun led an army to attack and fought in Huaicheng (west of Zhangye City). The army of the Xiliang Kingdom was defeated. Li Xin retreated to guard Jiuquan.Li Xin said: "I was defeated because I violated my mother's teachings. If I don't kill this Human (referring to Juqu Mengxun), what face will I have to see my mother again?" ) for the second battle, the Xiliang Kingdom Army was defeated again, and Li Xin was killed (age unknown). Li Xin's younger brother, Li Fan, the governor of Jiuquan County, Li Yu, the governor of Xincheng (unknown today), Li Mi, who is also the right-wing director of the Habayashi Guards (leading the right supervisor of Habayashi), Li Tiao, the left general, and Li Liang, the right general, gave up The capital, Jiuquan, fled west to Dunhuang (Dunhuang City, Gansu Province). Juqu Mengxun then entered Jiuquan to prohibit soldiers from invading and looting, and the people lived in peace.Appoint Song Yao as the assistant officer of the Civil Affairs Department of the State Council's Civil Affairs Department (Minister of the Ministry of Officials), to handle the appointment, removal, promotion and replacement of civil officials across the country.Among the old bureaucrats of the Xiliang Kingdom who were talented and prestigious, they were very politely recruited to become officials.Juqu Mengxun appointed his son Juqu Mujian as the governor of Jiuquan County.Li Xun, the magistrate of Dunhuang County in Xiliang, was Li Fan's younger brother. He and Li Fan abandoned Dunhuang and fled to the northern mountainous area of ​​Dunhuang together.Juqu Mengxun ordered Suo Yuanxu, the son of Suo Si, to act as the governor of Dunhuang County (for Suo Si, refer to April 400). Juqu Mengxun returned to Guzang, the capital, and when he saw the captured Queen Mother Yin of the Xiliang Kingdom, he comforted him face to face. Refer to April 397)." Someone said to Queen Mother Yin: "Nowadays, the lives of mother and child are in the hands of others, how can you be so arrogant! Moreover, the country is destroyed, the son is killed, there is not even a trace of sadness, and Why?" The Queen Mother Yin said: "Life and death are God's will, why should I be like an ordinary person, mourning for my children? I am just an old woman, my country is ruined and my family is ruined. How can I cherish the remaining few years of life? A servant of another family? Just wishing to die early is also lucky!" Juqu Mengxun praised her and did not add any more crimes; he also married the daughter of Queen Mother Yin for his son Juqu Mujian. 13. On August 19th, Song Emperor Liu Yu posthumously presented his late wife Zang Aiqin with the posthumous title Empress Jing. On August 21st, crown prince Liu Yifu was named crown prince (15 years old this year). On August 1st, Liu Yu issued an edict: Guards were set up at the tombs of the emperors of the Jin Empire. 14. In September, General Zhenwu Wang Ji of the Western Qin Kingdom attacked Huyuan Garrison (the current location is unknown) in the Northern Liang Kingdom, and returned with more than 2,000 prisoners. 15. When Li Xun, the county magistrate of Dunhuang County in the Xiliang Kingdom, was in office, he treated the people benevolently, while Suo Yuanxu, the new county magistrate of the Northern Liang Kingdom, was rude and sinister, loved to kill, and lost popular support.Song Cheng and Zhang Hong from this county secretly recruited Li Xun. In winter, Li Xun led dozens of cavalry into Dunhuang, and Suo Yuanxu fled eastward to Liangxing (Wanfo Gorge, 40 kilometers southeast of Anxi County, Gansu Province).Song Cheng and others elected Li Xun as the champion general and governor of Liangzhou (the third leader of Xiliang), and changed his reign name to Yongjian (the first year of Jiaxing before, and the first year of Yongjian later). Juqu Mengxun, leader of the Northern Liang Kingdom and King of Hexi, sent his son Juqu Zhengde to attack Dunhuang.Li Xun closed the city gate tightly and did not come out to fight. I6 On December 7th, Di Wenzi, chieftain of the Qiang tribe in Xingcheng (Huangling County, Shaanxi Province), which belonged to the Hu Xia Empire (capital of Tongwan), led more than 3,000 families to betray Hu Xia and defect to the Northern Wei Empire. 17. This year, Mrs. Yao, the youngest wife of Emperor Tuobasi of the Northern Wei Dynasty, passed away (Ms. Yao is the Princess Xiping of the Later Qin Empire, refer to October 415), and she was posthumously named Empress Zhaoai. 1. In spring, on the twelfth day of the first lunar month, Liu Yu (59 years old), the emperor of the Southern Song Empire (capital Jiankang) (one term of Emperor Wu) went to the southern suburb of Yuanqiu to worship the gods.amnesty. Pei Ziye said: It is a routine ceremony every year to sacrifice to the gods in the southern suburbs: but to forgive the guilty, what is the intention! 2. The Southern Song Dynasty promoted the commander of the general garrison of Gyeonggi (the governor of Yangzhou), the king of Luling Liu Yizhen (sixteen years old this year) to be the prime minister (Situ); The commander of the garrison (Yangzhou Governor); the Supreme Legislative Chief of the Legislative Yuan (Zhongshuling) Fu Liang was the executive director of the State Council (Shangshupushe). 3. On the 22nd day of the first lunar month, Tuoba Si (30 years old this year), the emperor of the Northern Wei Empire (the capital of Pingcheng) (the second emperor of the Ming and Yuan Dynasties) went to Gongyang (unknown today). 4. The leader of the Northern Liang Kingdom (capital Guzang) (the second Wuxuan King), Hexi King Juqu Mengxun (54 years old this year), led an army of 20,000 people to attack the leader of the Xiliang Kingdom (capital Dunhuang) (the third term ) Li Xun guarded Dunhuang. 5. The king of the Western Qin Kingdom (the capital of Yuhan) (the third King Wenzhao) begged Chipan, and sent General Qifu Mu Yigan and Fuguo General Qifu Yuanji to attack Shangyu (Tianshui, Gansu Province), which belonged to the Hu Xia Empire. City), encounter continuous heavy rain, class teacher. 6. On March 16, Tuobaxi, king of Yangping in the Northern Wei Dynasty (son of Tuobagui, the former Daowu Emperor), passed away. 7. Emperor Tuobasi of the Northern Wei Dynasty recruited 6,000 residents of Pingcheng, the capital, to build an imperial garden, including Baideng (the place where Liu Bang, the first emperor of the Eastern and Western Han Dynasties in Datong City, was trapped in Datong City, refer to October 200 BC), and the surrounding three More than ten miles. 8. Mengxun, the leader of the Kingdom of Beiliang and king of Hexi, Juqu Mengxun, built a long embankment and surrounded Dunhuang by water attack.Li Xun, the leader of the Xiliang Kingdom (third term), asked to surrender, but Juqu Mengxun refused.Song Cheng, who welcomed Li Xun back then, betrayed again and sacrificed the city, and Li Xun committed suicide (age unknown).Juqu Mengxun ordered the massacre of the city.Li Xun's nephew Li Bao was captured alive and sent to Guzang for imprisonment.As a result, all the countries in the Western Regions (Xinjiang and eastern Central Asia) requested to submit, claiming to be vassals, and sent envoys to pay tribute (the Kingdom of Xiliang perished. Among the nineteen kingdoms of the Wuhu, Xiliang was the 16th to rise and the 15th to fall. After the death of Xiliang, six kingdoms stood side by side in China: Southern Song Empire, Western Qin Kingdom, Northern Wei Empire, Northern Liang Kingdom, Huxia Empire, and Northern Yan Empire). 9. In summer, on April 1st, Emperor Liu Yu of the Southern Song Dynasty issued an edict: "All messy sacrifices, including temples below Jiang Ziwen, will be removed (Jiang Ziwen, refer to the note on June 2, 401). As well as meritorious and virtuous temples, they can still be preserved.” 10. Murong Achai, Khan (ninth term) of the Tuyuhun Khanate (Qinghai Province), sent envoys to surrender to the West Qin Kingdom; Qifu Chipan, the King of West Qin, appointed Murong Achai as the General of the Conquest of the West and the Third Division of Kaifu Yitong (Prime Minister) level), Anzhou (Qinghai Province) plenipotentiary governor (shepherd), named Bai Lanwang. 11. On June 8th, Tuobasi, the emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty, visited Panyang Mountain (southwest of Xinghe County, Inner Mongolia) on a tour to the north. In autumn and July, Tuobasi went west to inspect and arrived at the Yellow River. 12. Juqu Mengxun, the leader of the Northern Liang Kingdom and King of Hexi, sent Juqu Shanshan, the garrison commander (general of the right guard) in the west of the capital, and Juqu Gousheng, the general of Jianjie, to attack the Western Qin Kingdom with 7,000 troops.King Qifu Chipan of the Western Qin Dynasty sent General Qifu Mu Yigan and other generals who conquered the North to resist with 5,000 infantry and cavalry; they defeated the Juqu Shanshan army in Wujian (between Wuwei City and Hongchiling, Gansu Province), captured Juqu Gousheng, and killed them. Two thousand people, class teacher. 13. At first, Liu Yu, Emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, handed over a bottle of poisoned wine to Zhang Wei, the former commander of the Imperial Guard of the Langya King’s Mansion (Langya Lang Zhongling), and ordered him to poison to death the deposed emperor of the Jin Empire, who is now named Lingling King Sima Dewen.Zhang Wei sighed and said: "It is better to die than poison the king to save his life." He drank it by himself on the road and died.Zhang Wei is Zhang Xie's elder brother (Zhang Xie, refer to August 416).The Minister of Sacrifice (Da Chang) Chu Xiuzhi, and the Senior Counselor (Servant) Chu Danzhi are both elder brothers of Sima Dewen's official wife, Chu Lingyuan.Among Sima Dewen's wives and concubines, a boy was born, and Liu Yu ordered Chu Xiu's brother to kill him immediately.So since Sima Dewen gave up the throne, he was very afraid that he would also be murdered. He lived in the same house with Chu Lingyuan, and set up a stove in front of the bed, cooking and cooking soup by himself; Chu Lingyuan paid for all the vegetables and rice. .The killer sent by Liu Yu couldn't find a chance for a while, and Liu Yu couldn't wait. In September, Liu Yu ordered Chu Danzhi and his elder brother Chu Shudu, the commander of the Western District Garrison of the Capital (General Right Guard) to visit his sister, and Chu Lingyuan came out to meet her elder brother in another house.The soldiers who had ambushed earlier climbed over the wall and handed the poison to Sima Dewen. Sima Dewen refused, saying: "Buddhist rules, those who commit suicide will not be able to obtain a human body when they are reincarnated." Before that, he covered Sima Dewen's head with a quilt and suffocated him to death (this year, Sima Dewen was 35 years old and Chu Lingyuan was 38 years old).Liu Yu led all civil and military officials to visit the Golden Palace for three days to express his condolences. Bo Yang said: In Chinese history, there were only two ways to transfer power, one was usurpation and the other was revolution.The former is: the high-ranking officials and generals under the king originally kowtowed to the king. One day, when the time was right, the king issued an edict to let him sit on the throne.As for the revolution, it was the traitors who led the army and entered the capital.A king flees or dies and becomes a criminal; a traitor ascends the throne and becomes a king. However, when usurpation is praised as abdication, the new king often spares the life of the deposed one.Wang Mang did not kill Liu Ying, Cao Pi did not kill Liu Xie, Sima Yan did not kill Cao Huan (Cao Huang), and even Huan Xuan did not kill Sima Dezong.There is still a little bit of civilization, but this kind of civilization that has been maintained for more than four hundred years was destroyed by Liu Yu, who was born in a local ruffian. Liu Yu was the first person to kill the old king after usurping him. He made a bad example because he was too smart and believed that the previous method of not killing was not enough to protect the regime.But I never imagined that the evil example he set has been imitated by future generations of usurpers, and it has become even worse.The most ironic thing is that Liu Yu's descendants were the first to be rewarded for this cruel evil (refer to May 479). In traditional Confucian political thought, there is no feasible method to guide the transfer of power, so no matter usurpation or revolution, bloodshed is necessary. 14. On September 5th, Tuoba Si, Emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty, returned to the palace. 15. In winter, on October 24th, Emperor Liu Yu of the Southern Song Dynasty issued an edict, appointing the leader of the Northern Liang Kingdom, Hexi Wang Juqu Mengxun as the general of the town army, the third division of Kaifu Yitong (prime minister level), and the governor of Liangzhou (History of assassination). 16. On October 24, Tuoba Si, Emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty, went to Daijun (Yu County, Hebei Province). 17. On November 7th, the Southern Song Empire buried Sima Dewen, the last emperor of the Jin Empire (the 17th Emperor Gong), in Chongping Mausoleum (to the east of Jiankang City and southwest of Jiangshan).Liu Yu, Emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, led all civil and military officials to escort him personally. 18. On December 22, Tuoba Si, the emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty, went west to inspect and arrived at Yunzhong Palace (Toketuo County, Inner Mongolia). 19. King Qifu Chipan of the Western Qin Dynasty sent General Qifu Confucius, etc., to lead 20,000 cavalry to attack Luochuan (north of Zhengning County, Gansu Province) guarded by Qihan Tuzhen, the chief of the Xiongnu tribe. 20. Tang Qi, the governor of Jinchang County (Anxi County, Gansu Province), appointed by the leader of the Northern Liang Kingdom and Hexi Wang Juqu Mengxun, rebelled against the county.Juqu Mengxun sent his son Juqu Zhengde to lead an army to crusade.Tang Qi is Tang Yao's son (Tang Yao's rebellion against Beiliang, refer to November 400). 21. When Emperor Liu Yu of the Southern Song Dynasty was the Duke of Song of the Jin Empire, Xie Zhan was the chief legislator of the Song State Legislative Yuan (Song State Shishu Minister), and his younger brother Xie Hui was the commander of the garrison in the west of the capital (General Right Guard).At that time, Xie Hui was already very powerful.From Pengcheng (the capital of the Song Dynasty, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province) back to Beijing (the capital Jiankang) to welcome the family members, guests came from all directions, and the alleys in front of the gate were crowded with people.Xie Zhan was at home, startled, and said to Xie Hui: "Your prestige and official position have not been obtained for a long time, but people flatter you to such an extent! Our Xie family has always been indifferent to power situations, and has never been willing to participate in politics; If you come and go with friends, you are either relatives or friends. But your power and influence, is it a blessing for the family!" He separated the two families with a fence and said, "I can't bear to see this kind of scene." Wait until you return to Pengcheng , reported to Song Gong Liu Yu: "I was born in a poor intellectual family, my father and grandfather, the official position is no more than two thousand shi (county chief, minister level. Xie Zhan and Xie Hui are the ministers of the Jin Empire Sacrifice Minister Xie Po) Great-great-grandson, grand-nephew of Taibao Xie An, who is also a powerful family), my brother Xie Hui, only 30 years old, with ordinary ambitions and low abilities, but he lives in the high-level position of the Song Dynasty. , Disasters are bound to happen, and the fulfillment is just around the corner, I beg you to demote Xie Hui's official rank to protect our declining family." The petitions continued back and forth.Xie Hui sometimes told Xie Zhan the government's high-level secrets, and Xie Zhan deliberately spread them to relatives and friends as material for jokes, in order to silence Xie Hui. When Liu Yu established the Southern Song Empire and ascended to the throne of emperor, Xie Hui had a higher official position and heavier responsibilities because of his contribution to helping seize power, and Xie Zhan became more and more afraid.This year, when Xie Zhan was the governor of Yuzhang County (Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province), he fell ill and refused medical treatment. When he died, he left a will to Xie Hui, saying: "I can save my limbs, so what's the matter with you? To think and encourage, for the country, but also for the family.” 1. In spring, on the first day of the first lunar month, Tuobasi (the second emperor) of the Northern Wei Empire (capital Pingcheng) inspected the west from Yunzhong Palace (Toketuo County, Inner Mongolia) and arrived at Wudou City. (unknown today). 2. On the 10th day of the first lunar month, the Southern Song Empire (capital Jiankang) promoted Xu Xianzhi, Premier of the State Council (Shangshuling), to be the Supreme Inspector (Sikong), in charge of government secrets (Recording Shangshushi), and still concurrently the commander of the Gyeonggi garrison (Yangzhou Governor); Jiangzhou (the state government is located in Xunyang), the governor (inspector) Wang Hong is the commander of the capital garrison (General Wei), the second division of Kaifu Yitong (prime minister level); the director of the Central Forbidden Army (middle leader) Xie Hui is the director (leader) General, whose status is higher than that of the "Zhonglingjun"), who is also a Sanqi attendant (Sanqi Changshi), who is on duty in the palace and uniformly commands the palace security system.Xu Xianzhi rose from the lowest civilian class ("Song Shu·Xu Xianzhi Biography": Xu Xianzhi was the military councilor of Huanxiu's Fujun General's Mansion, and became a good friend with Liu Yu. Trust), and uneducated, but with great ambition and tolerance, once in the center of power, both the government and the people, unanimously admire and admire him, thinking that he has the prestige of a prime minister.He was taciturn, and never expressed his joys and sorrows on his face; he was quite good at playing chess and appreciating dramas, but observing his appearance, he seemed to know nothing, so people in the world respected him very much.Fu Liang and Cai Kuo often said: "Xu Xianzhi knows everything and mediates disputes!" Xu Xianzhi once had a banquet with Fu Liang and Xie Hui.Minister of Sacrifice (Feng Chang) Zheng Xianzhi sighed and said: "Observing the remarks of Xu Xianzhi and Fu Liang, you will no longer think that you are a learned person." 3. The Western Qin Kingdom (the capital of Fuhan) marched to the west and begged Confucius and others to defeat the chief of the Xiongnu tribe, Qihan Tuzhen (who was stationed in Luochuan at the time), and captured 20,000 men and women, and more than 500,000 cattle and sheep; Qihan Tuzhen He led thousands of cavalry to flee westward.Qihan Shuxi, the chief of the side branch tribe, led 5,000 families to surrender to the Western Qin Kingdom. 4. On February 4th, Emperor Liu Yu of the Southern Song Dynasty (the first Emperor Wu) issued an edict: divide the land south of the Huaihe River in Yuzhou to establish Nanyu Prefecture (central part of Anhui Province), set up Liyang (and county in Anhui Province) as the state government, and appoint Liu Yikang, the king of Pengcheng, as the head of state. The governor (the governor. The north of the Huaihe River is still called Yuzhou, and the state government has Xuanhu).Ten counties in Jingzhou (Hubei Province and Hunan Province) were also divided, and Xiangzhou (Hunan Province) was established. The state government was established in Linxiang (Changsha City, Hunan Province. Xiangzhou was abolished in 416 and restored this year), and the East District of the capital was appointed to guard The commander (General Zuowei) Zhang Xie was the governor. 5. On February 13th, Northern Wei Emperor Tuoba Si returned to the palace. 6. In March, Emperor Liu Yu of the Southern Song Dynasty fell ill. Commander-in-Chief of the National Armed Forces (Taiwei), Changsha King Liu Daolian, Supreme Inspector General (Sikong) Xu Xianzhi, Executive Director of the State Council (Shangshu Pushe) Fu Liang, Director of the Central Forbidden Army (Leading Army) General) Xie Hui, Central Military Director (General Guard) Tan Daoji entered the palace at the same time to take care of medicine.The civil and military officials asked to pray to the gods, but Liu Yu refused, and only sent Xie Fangming, a senior consultant (servant), to the temple to report his illness to the ancestors by burning incense.Liu Yu has never believed in strange powers and chaos. When he was a commoner, there were many auspicious signs. When the official position became higher and higher, and the officials in charge of history checked the authenticity of the rumors, Liu Yu refused to answer. Tan Daoji served as the general of Zhenbei, the governor of South Yanzhou (the former Yanzhou of the Jin Empire, the Southern Song Empire added the word "South"; the original northern Yanzhou was renamed Yanzhou), guarded Guangling (Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province), and the commander of the Huainan Military Region (supervised Huainan armies). The crown prince Liu Yifu often hangs out with some low-quality people. Xie Hui once warned Liu Yu: "Your Majesty is old, of course he wants to preserve the great cause forever; Liu Yu said, "How is the King of Luling (Liu Yizhen)?" Xie Hui said, "Let me go and observe!" After he came out, he visited Liu Yizhen. Liu Yizhen welcomed him grandly and wanted to talk to him, but Xie Hui hesitated. Resignation, not too happy Q&A.When he came back, he reported: "Morality is lower than talent, and he is not an ideal owner." On March 5th, Liu Yu sent Liu Yizhen to serve as the commander-in-chief of the Southern Henan Yuyong Division Qin Bing Military Region (the governor of the Nan Yu Yu Yong Division Qin Bing six prefectures), General Cheqi, Kaifu Yitong Third Division (Prime Minister level), He is also the governor of Southern Yuzhou. Since then, the plenipotentiary governor (shepherd) or governor of the big state has also been awarded the commander of the military region.Under the jurisdiction of the military region, there were even fifty prefectures at most, and there is no way to list them in detail (when the Southern Song Empire was founded, there were only twenty-two prefectures in the entire territory, and until the early sixth century, during the Southern Liang Empire, there were still only twenty-three prefectures, refer to Five December 11. It was not until the 1920s that it was increased to 107 states. Refer to November 523). 7. Liu Yu, Emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, became slightly ill. March 17, amnesty. 8. Refugees fleeing from Qinzhou (belonging to the West Qin Kingdom) and Yongzhou (belonging to the Hu Xia Empire) went south to Liangzhou (belonging to the Southern Song Empire) (the state government was located in Nancheng). On March 18, the imperial government of the Southern Song Dynasty sent 10,000 bolts of silk and satin for distribution to keep out the cold, and shipped grain from Jingzhou (the state government is located in Jiangling) and Yongzhou (the state government is located in Xiangyang) for relief. 9. At the beginning, when Diao Kui was executed (refer to March 404), his son Diao Mi fled.On March 19, Diao Mi led dozens of people to attack Jingkou (Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province) suddenly.The commander-in-chief of the national armed forces of the Southern Song Dynasty stayed in the military and political officer of the government (the Taiwei stayed in the government) Lu Zhongyuan counterattacked and beheaded Diao Mi (Changsha King Liu Daolian was the commander-in-chief of the national armed forces and guarded Jingkou. At that time, Liu Daolian was taking care of his elder brother Liu Yu in the capital. medicine, so Jingkou has the establishment of "Liu Shou Mansion"). 10. On March 23, Tuoba Yao, king of Henan in the Northern Wei Dynasty (Tuoba Sizi, the first Daowu Emperor), passed away. 11. In summer, on April 2nd, Tuoba Tao, the emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty, named his son Tuoba Tao (15 years old this year) as the Taiping King, as the Minister of State, and was awarded the Supreme Commander (General); Tuoba Pi became the Leping King, Tuoba Tuoba Mi is king of Anding, Tuoba Fan is king of Le'an, Tuoba Jian is king of Yongchang, Tuoba Chong is king of Jianning, and Tuoba Jun is king of Xinxing. On April 3rd, the Southern Song Dynasty named the "King of Di" Qiu Chi Gong (capital Qiu Chi) Yang Sheng as the king of Wudu. 13. The King of West Qin (the third king of Wenzhao) Qifu Chipan appointed General Zhechong Qifu as the Commander of Xihu Security (Lieutenant of Xihu), and built a column in Zhiluo (ie Luochuan, north of Zhengning County, Gansu Province). Huncheng (unknown today) guards. 14. In May, Emperor Liu Yu of the Southern Song Dynasty was seriously ill. He called the crown prince Liu Yifu to him and warned: "Although Tan Daoji has talent and strategy, he has no ambition. Temperament. Xu Xianzhi and Fu Liang, there should be no problem. Xie Hui has followed me on many expeditions, and he is very good at changing the direction of the wind and adapting to the situation. If there is a problem, it must be him.” He also wrote the will in his own handwriting: “In future generations, if the king is young, the government’s major affairs , all are entrusted to the prime minister, and the empress dowager does not have to be in charge of the court." The Supreme Supervisor (Sikong) Xu Xianzhi, the Supreme Legislative Yuan of the Legislative Yuan (Zhongshu Ling) Fu Liang, the Central Forbidden Army Director (Leading General) Xie Hui, General Zhenbei Tan Daoji accepted the will together. On May 21st, Liu Yu passed away (at the age of 60). Liu Yu lived a simple life with few desires, serious and tidy, regular life, very frugal clothes and shelter, even more simple fabrics for clothes, very few wanderings and feasts, and not many concubines; Emperor Wen Huan) Yao Xing's niece, doted on her very much, so she sometimes delayed political affairs.谢晦稍微提及，刘裕立刻把姚女士送出。财产全在国库，宫内没有私藏。岭南（南岭以南）曾经进贡筒装细布，一筒之小，可容纳八丈。刘裕嫌它过度精美，劳动人力，遂命有关单位弹劾进贡这种细布的郡长，把布发还，禁止岭南继续制作。公主出嫁，嫁妆不过二十万，另外再没有绸缎等贵重东西。宫内宫外，都严守规定，没有人敢奢侈浪费。 太子刘义符继承帝位（二任少帝），年十七岁，大赦。尊皇太后萧文寿（刘裕继母）为太皇太后；封太子妃司马茂英为皇后。司马茂英是故晋帝国末任帝（十七任恭帝）司马德文的女儿海盐公主。 15、北魏帝拓跋嗣一直服用“寒食散”（参考三九七年四月），一连几年，毒性发作，天上的变异和地上的灾难屡次出现，自己深深感到忧虑。派宦官秘密询问白马公崔浩：“最近，赵代地区（河北省）发生日食，而我的病多年以来，都不能痊愈，恐怕万一去世，儿子们年纪还小，将怎么办？希望为我提出一个身后之计。”崔浩回答说：“陛下正是壮年（本年，拓跋嗣三十一岁），可以确信，不久就会康复；一定要垂听意见的话，请允许我作多余的陈述。自从圣明的帝国在世界上像真龙一样兴起，一向不太注重储君。所以有四〇九年的宫廷巨变（指拓跋绍弑父，参考四〇九年十月），帝国几乎倾覆。现在应做的是：早早确定太子，遴选贤能的部长级以上官员，当他的师傅；左右亲信臣僚，当他的宾客朋友。这位太子，在京师（首都平城）时主持政府，离开京师时统率大小三军。如此的话，陛下就可以身心悠闲，不问政事，在宫中养尊处优。万岁（逝世）之后，帝国有现成的君王，人民有正常的归附，奸邪平息，祸患无法产生。皇子拓跋焘将满十五岁，聪明温和。由长子当合法继承人，是礼教最高的原则。如果非等到他们长大成人，再作决定，那就可能使人伦的秩序颠倒（指可能由幼子当合法继承人，长子反而屈居于下），是促使天下大乱的原因。”拓跋嗣再问南平公长孙嵩，长孙嵩回答说：“长子当太子，名正言顺；贤能当太子，人心信服。拓跋焘年纪最长而又贤能，这是上天的旨意。”拓跋嗣同意。下诏封太平王拓跋焘当太子，使他正式坐上金銮宝殿，主持朝会，作为帝国的副皇帝。命南平公长孙嵩、山阳公奚斤、北新公安同当左辅官，座位设在东厢，面向西方；白马公崔浩、全国武装部队总司令（太尉）穆观跟散骑侍从官（散骑常侍）、鲜卑人（代人）丘堆当右辅官，座位设在西厢，面向东方；文武百官的位置，则在左辅官、右辅官以下，听候差遣。拓跋嗣退隐西宫，但不时的悄悄出来，从旁窥探，审查事情如何裁决，大为高兴，对左右亲信说：“长孙嵩是德高望重的老臣，曾经侍奉过四代皇帝（四代：代王拓跋什翼犍、一任帝拓跋珪、现任帝拓跋嗣、太子拓跋焘）功在帝国。奚斤足智多谋，名闻远近。安同通达世情，了解民间疾苫，处世老练。穆观深通政治关键，能领悟我的心意。崔浩学问渊博，明确地看出天上的和世间的奥秘。丘堆虽然没有显著的专长，但他谨慎小心。由这六个人辅佐太子（拓跋焘），我跟你们只要巡视四方边境，对叛逆的加以讨伐，对臣服的加以安抚。天下之大，足可以称心快意。” 长孙离本姓拔拔，奚斤本姓达奚，穆观本姓丘穆陵，丘堆本姓丘敦。当时，北魏帝国文武官员出身于代郡（河北省蔚县）以北（索头部落老根据地）的，仍保持多音节的姓。等到七任帝（孝文帝）拓跋宏把首都迁到洛阳（参考四九四年十月）后，才改为单音节的姓。史学家厌恶多音节难以表达，所以即令是叙述改姓之前的事，也采用改姓之后的姓。依从这个原则（中国方块字对复音节的处理，毫无能力，因为方块字形体的独立特性，应连音时无法连音，应断音时又无法断音；应连字时无法连字，应隔字时又无法隔字。如丘穆陵观，我们就无法确定他姓什么名什么？他可能姓“丘”名“穆陵观”，可能姓“丘穆”名“陵观”，也可能姓“丘穆陵”名“观”。如果用字母拼音：Qiumulingguan，便十分清晰：再如前燕帝国的可足浑翼，情形相似，他可能姓“可”名“足浑翼”，可能姓“可足”名“浑翼”，也可能姓“可足浑”名“翼”。如果用字母拼音：kezuKunyi便不会混淆。这种人名上的困扰，在《辽史》、《元史》、《金史》、《清史稿》上满篇都是，简直无法阅读。专有名词如此，普通用词，則靠习惯断音断字，一旦无此习掼，同样茫然。中国方块字需要改革，刻不容缓）。 北魏帝拓跋嗣，又因宫廷收发官（典东西部）刘絜，咨询署奏事官（门下奏事）、鲜卑人（代人）古弼（原姓吐奚），咨询署助理咨询官（直郎）、徒河（辽宁省锦州市）鲜卑人卢鲁元（本姓吐伏卢），忠心谨慎，节俭勤劳，也派他们到太子宫服务，分别负责重要工作，传达政令和报告。太子拓跋焘聪明而胸襟开阔，文武官员有时就疑难问题向拓跋嗣表示，拓跋嗣就说：“这个我不知道，请你们的主人决定。” 16、六月一日，南宋帝国任命国务院执行长（尚书仆射）傅亮当立法院总立法长（中书监）、国务院总理（尚书令）；中央禁军总监（领军将军）谢晦兼立法院最高立法长（中书令）；高级咨询官（侍中）谢方明当首都建康市长（丹阳尹）。谢方明对于郡级政府有特别强的行政能力，所当过主管的地方，都称赞他的才干。他继承前任还没有完成的工作，不改变已经拟就的计划；必须改变的，则渐渐改变，看不出痕迹。 17、六月十七日，南宋帝国全国武装部队总司令（太尉）、长沙王（景王）刘道怜逝世（年五十五岁）。 18、北魏帝国建义将军刁雍（刁雍是刁逵的侄儿，参考四〇四年三月）攻击南宋帝国的青州（州政府设东阳），州政府民兵击破刁雍军。刁雍集结残兵败将，进入大乡山（山东省菏泽市境）自保。 19、秋季，七月八日，南宋帝国把一任帝（武帝）刘裕安葬在初宁陵（建康城东蒋山东南），庙号高祖。 20、北凉王国（首都姑臧）首领（二任武宣王）、河西王沮渠蒙逊（本年五十五岁），派前将军沮渠成都率军一万人，到岭南（洪池岭以南）展示威力，回程中进驻五涧（甘肃省武威市南）。 九月，西秦王乞伏炽磐派征北将军出连虔（出连，复姓）等率骑兵六千人攻击。 21、当初，北魏帝拓跋嗣听到当时尚是晋帝国全国武装部队总司令（太尉）的刘裕克复长安（后秦帝国故都·陕西省西安市）的消息（参考四一七年八月），大为恐惧，派使节请求和解。从此，两国使节每年互相访问，来往不断。等到刘裕逝世，南宋帝国殿中将军沈范正好担任使节，在北魏帝国报聘，告辞返国，走到黄河，北魏帝国出动骑兵追赶，把他生擒而回。北魏帝国举行最高国防会议，打算出动军队，夺取黄河南岸三大城池———洛阳（河南省洛阳市东白马寺东）、虎牢（河南省荥阳县西北汜水镇）、滑台（河南省滑县）。白马公崔浩劝阻说：“陛下不认为刘裕是个暴发户，接纳他派遣的进贡使臣；而刘裕对陛下也十分恭敬。不幸他今天死亡，而我们乘他们家有丧事，兴兵讨伐，即令得到手，也不是美事。何况，以今天帝国的实力，不可能一举平定江南（长江以南），只落得个'攻打丧家'的恶名，我内心认为陛下不应该这么做。我的意思是，最好派使节前往吊丧，慰问孤儿寡妇，同情他们的悲伤，让我们的仁义名声传播天下，长江以南土地不攻自破。何况刘裕刚刚去世，党羽仍然团结，大军一旦压境，他们势将同心合力抵抗，我们未必一定成功；不如稍稍延后，等到他们有权力的高级官员内斗，变化和灾难必定发生，然后再派将领出征，士卒可以没有什么疲劳，坐在那里占领淮河以北土地。”拓跋嗣说：“刘裕利用姚兴之死的契机，灭掉秦国（后秦帝国）。我们今天利用刘裕之死的契机，灭掉宋国（南宋帝国），有什么不可以？”崔浩说：“不然，姚兴死后，儿子们拼命内斗，刘裕才能够利用机会。现在，江南没有机会，我们利用什么？”拓跋嗣拒不接受，加授最高监察长（司空）奚斤皇帝符节（假节），兼晋兵大将军，代理扬州州长（空头官衔）；率领宋兵将军、交州州长（空头官衔）周幾，吴兵将军、广州州长（空头官衔）公孙表，向南宋帝国进攻。 22、九月五日，北魏帝拓跋嗣前往灅南宫（山西省朔州市南）；再往广宁（河北省涿鹿县）。 九月十一日，在首都平城兴筑外城（外郭），周围三十二里。 拓跋嗣前往乔山（河北省涿鹿县南），再东行，前往幽州（州政府设蓟县）。 冬季，十月五日，拓跋嗣回宫。 23、北魏帝国南征大军将要出发，高级将领在监国（主持政府的太子）拓跋焘之前举行会议，辩论应先进攻城池，或是先夺取土地？南征大军总司令、普兵大将军奚斤，打算先进攻城池。白马公崔浩反对，说：“南方人擅长守城，从前苻家（前秦帝国）进攻襄阳（湖北省襄樊市）一年有余，都无法攻破（参考三七八年二月、三七九年二月）。现在，用大军攻小城，如果不能马上攻克，势将损伤军力。敌人气势正盛，可以慢慢增援，我们却陷于疲惫，这是危险的办法。不如分别派出军队，夺取土地，以淮河作为界限，委派郡氏、县长，征收田赋税金；把洛阳、滑台、虎牢隔在我们大军后方。他们对南方来的救兵既然绝望，一定沿黄河向东方撤退，否则的话，就成了我们兽园里的战利品，何必担心没有斩获？”吴兵将军公孙表仍然坚持先行攻城，拓跋嗣应许。 于是南征大军出发，奚斤等率步骑兵混合兵团二万人渡黄河而南，在滑台之东扎营。这时候，南宋帝国司州（河南省中部）州长毛德祖驻防虎牢。东郡（滑台·河南省滑县）郡长王景度向毛德祖紧急求救。毛德祖派军政官（司马）翟广等，率步骑兵三千人前往协防。 之前，故晋帝国逃亡皇族司马楚之（参考四一九年二月）在陈留郡（河南省开封市东）境集结武装部队，听到北魏军渡过黄河消息，派使节前往迎接投降。北魏帝国任命司马楚之当征南将军、荆州州长，教他侵略南宋帝国北部边疆。毛德祖派长社（河南省长葛县）县长王法政率军五百人驻防邵陵（河南省郾城县东）；将军刘怜率骑兵二百人驻防雍丘（河南省杞县），防备突击。司马楚之率军突袭刘怜，不能攻克。正巧，南宋政府送来辎重给养。刘怜出城迎接，酸枣（河南省延津县）居民王玉飞奔通知北魏大军。 十月二十八日，北魏国务院执行官（尚书）滑稽（滑，姓）率军突袭仓垣（河南省开封市东北），守军翻城逃走，陈留郡郡长、冯翊郡（陕西省·大荔县）人严稜向奚斤投降。北魏帝国任命王玉当陈留郡郡拨付给他军队，镇守仓垣。 奚斤等围攻滑台，不能攻克，请求增兵，拓跋嗣大为震怒，严厉斥责。 十月二十三曰，拓跋嗣亲自率各部落联军五万余人南下，穿过天关（天门关·北京市西境），翻越恒岭（恒山·河北省曲阳县北），作为奚斤等的声援。 24、西秦王国征北将军出连虔攻击五涧（甘肃省武威市南），生擒守将、北凉王国前将军沮渠成都。 25、十一月，北魏帝国太子拓跋焘（本年十五岁）率军进驻边塞（当全国南征时，北方严防柔然汗国攻击）；使安定王拓跋弥和北新公安同留守京师（首都平城）。 十一月十一日，奚斤等猛攻滑台，攻克。守将南宋帝国委派的东郡（郡政府滑台）郡长王景度逃走；王景度的军政官（司马）阳瓒被北魏军生擒，拒绝投降，斩首。北魏帝拓跋嗣任命成皋侯苟兒（原姓若千）当兖州州长，镇守滑台。 奚斤等进攻翟广据守的土楼（河南省滑县），大破翟广军，乘胜进逼虎牢；镇守虎牢的南宋帝国司州州长毛德祖反攻，屡次击破北魏军。拓跋嗣另派黑矟将军于栗磾率三千人驻防河阳（河南省孟县），打算夺取金墉（洛阳城西北角）；毛德祖派振威将军窦晃等沿黄河南岸布防抗拒。 十二月十八日，拓跋嗣抵达冀州（州政府设信都），派楚兵将军、徐州州长叔孙建率军自平原郡（山东省平原县）南渡黄河，夺取青州（山东省北部）、兖州（山东省西部）土地。南宋帝国豫州（州政府设悬瓠）州刘粹派行政官（治中）高道瑾，率步骑兵五百人进驻项城（河南省沈丘县）；徐州（州政府设彭城）州长王仲德率军进驻湖陆（山东省鱼台县东南）。北魏于栗磾南渡黄河，跟奚斤合军攻击河防司令、振威将军窦晃，击破河防军。 北魏帝拓跋嗣派中央禁军总监（中领军）、鲜卑人（代人）娥清、期思侯柔然人闾大肥率军七千人，会同宋兵将军周幾、楚兵将军叔孙建，南渡黄河，在碻磝（山东省茌平县西南）构筑阵地。 十二月十五日，南宋帝国兖州州长徐琰放弃根据地尹卯（山东省东阿县西北），向南逃走。于是，泰山郡（山东省泰安市东）、高平郡（山东省金乡县西北昌邑镇）、金乡郡（山东省金乡县），全陷入北魏帝国之手。北魏楚兵将军叔孙建等向东攻入青州。故晋帝国皇族司马爱之、司马季之早前在济水（今黄河）之东集结部众，先后向北魏帝国投降。 十二月二十日，北魏帝国南征军逼近虎牢。南宋帝国青州州长、东晃郡（山东省莒县）人竺夔镇守东阳城（山东省青州市），派人向中央告急求救。 十二月二十一日，南宋帝（二任少帝）刘义符命南兖州（州政府设广陵）州长檀道济统御各路大军，会同徐州州长王仲德，共同救援。庐陵王刘义真（南豫州州长，时驻寿阳）派龙骧将军沈叔貍，率三千人前往悬瓠向豫州州长刘粹报到，听候差遣。 西秦王乞伏炽磐召回秦州全权州长（牧）乞伏昙达当左丞相兼征东大将军。 1、春季，正月一日，南宋帝国（首都建康）大赦，改年号（景平）。 正月三日，南宋帝（二任少帝）刘义符（本年十八岁）到南郊祭祀天神。 2、北魏帝国（首都平城）黑矟将军于栗磾进攻金墉（洛阳城西北角）。 正月五日，南宋帝国任命的河南郡（郡政府洛阳）郡长王涓之放弃洛阳，逃走。北魏帝（二任明元帝）拓跋嗣（本年三十二岁），任命于栗磾当豫州州长（刺史），镇守洛阳。 拓跋嗣到南方巡察恒山（北岳·河北省曲阳县北）。正月十八日，抵达邺城（北魏相州州政府所在城·河北省临漳县西南邺镇）。 3、正月二十一日，南宋帝（二任少帝）刘义符下诏征召豫章郡（江西省南昌市）郡长蔡廓当文官部长（吏部尚书）。蔡廓对国务院总理（尚书令）傅亮说：“文职官员的任免和升迁凋补，如果授给我全权，我可以接受；如果不能，我不接受。”傅亮告诉主管政府机要（录尚书事）徐羡之，徐羡之说：“禁宫咨询官（黄门侍郎）、散骑侍从官（散骑常侍）以下官职，全权委托蔡廓，我们不说一句话。但这些官职以上的人选，应该共同研究办理。”蔡廓说：“我不能专门在徐干木黄纸尾巴上签名！”遂予拒绝。干木是徐羡之的乳名。文官任免和升迁调补的签呈稿件，一向都写在黄纸上（犹如十八世纪以来，各国对于某一类报告，往往用黄色封面或白色封面发表，称“黄皮书”“白皮书”一样），主管政府机要（录尚书事）及文官部长（吏部尚书），同时签名，方才有效，而蔡廓认为应单独负责。 沈约曰： 蔡廓坚决辞让人事行政工作，认为不能完全做主，是一种耻辱。他难道不知“选拔”和“录用”是二位一体？不能只重视其中之一！只不过君王昏庸，时势艰难，蔡廓一个人不打算担当疏通人才渠道的责任而己，见识诚为远大。 4、正月二十二日，南宋帝国镇北将军檀道济军进抵彭城（江苏省徐州市）。 北魏帝国楚兵将军叔孙建攻入临淄（山东省淄博市东临淄镇）；大军所指，南宋帝国城池全都崩溃：青州（山东省北部）州长（刺史）竺夔坚壁清野，把境内所有居民集中东阳城（青州州政府所在城·山东省青州市），固守城垣；不能集中城里的，分别依据山势险要构筑防御工事，把田野庄稼全都割光。北魏军来到后，无法就地取得粮食。南宋帝国济南郡郡长垣苗放弃郡城（山东省济南市），率部众投靠竺夔。 刁雍前往邺城晋见北魏帝拓跋嗣。拓跋嗣说：“叔孙建在青州作战，人民纷纷躲藏，而攻城又攻不下。青州人心一向敬服你的威信，现在派你前去助阵。”遂任命刁雍当青州州长，拨付给他马匹，命他自己招募士卒，攻取青州。北魏帝国军南渡黄河后，指向青州的骑兵有六万人。刁雍集结五千人，对境内的士绅平民，竭力安抚慰劳，大家都愿供应刁雍军的粮秣。 5、柔然汗国（瀚海沙漠群）南下侵略北魏帝国（首都平城）边境。 二月一日，北魏帝国开始修筑长城，从赤城（河北省赤城县）西行，直到五原（内蒙古包头市），连绵二千余里；在各要塞配备边防军，抵御柔然。 6、二月十日，南宋帝（二任少帝）刘义符的祖母、太皇太后萧文寿逝世（年八十一岁）。 7、北凉王国（首都姑臧）首