Chapter 2 The 1960s (360-369)

1. In spring, on the 20th day of the first lunar month, Murong Jun (the second Emperor Jingzhao) of the former Yan Empire (capital Yecheng) held a military parade in Yecheng, the capital, and planned to send the supreme commander (Da Sima) ) Murong Ke, and the Supreme Inspector (Sikong) Yang Qi launched a general attack on the Jin Dynasty (capital Jiankang).Unfortunately, the illness became serious, so Murong Ke, Yang Yu, the prime minister (Situ) Murong Ping, the director of the Central Forbidden Army (leading general) Mu Yugen, etc. were summoned to accept the will and assist the government together.

On the twenty-first day of the first lunar month, Murong Jun passed away. On the twenty-fifth day of the first lunar month, Prince Murong Wei ascended the throne and proclaimed himself emperor (the third Youdi), at the age of eleven.Amnesty, changed the name to Jianxi (the first year of Guangshou, and the first year of Jianxi). 2. Former Qin Empire (capital Chang'an) Heavenly King (Third Xuanzhao Emperor) Fu Jian (23 years old this year) set aside a part of the Gyeonggi Garrison (Sili) counties and counties, established Yongzhou (eastern Gansu Province), and appointed Henan Gong Fu Shuang served as the commander-in-chief of the Yongheliang Military Region (supervisor of the military forces in the three prefectures of Yonghe and Liangzhou), general Zhengxi, governor of Yongzhou (inspector), changed his title to Zhao Gong, and guarded Anding County (Southeast Shuguang Township, Zhenyuan County, Gansu Province).

Fu Zhong, the younger brother of the emperor, was made the Duke of Henan. 3. Yang Jun, the semi-independent "King of Di" (capital Qiuchi) died, and his son Yang Shi succeeded to the throne. 4. In February, the former Yan Empire honored Queen Kezuhun as the Empress Dowager.Appoint Taiyuan Wang Murong Ke as Taizai (one of the top three princes), with full power to handle government affairs; Teacher (shanggong level), as Murong Ke's assistant. Mu Yugen's temperament is simple and strong, relying on several generations of elders (when Murong Tong and Murong Jun were in power, Mu Yugen made great achievements), he was dissatisfied with the young Murong Ke, so he spoke and behaved very arrogantly.

Bo Yang said: Historical facts, narrated to today, have been more than 700 years, more than half of the time covered in the book (1362 years), we have a discovery: anyone, no matter heroes or villains, one day , under his name suddenly appeared words such as "arrogant" or "arrogant", you don't need to read any more, you can be sure what the following is?He has stepped on the mechanism of the trap, and the next step is to roll down, which may cause failure in his career, or life in danger.Mu Yugen's generation of outstanding people can't escape this law. At that time, the Empress Dowager Kezuhun often interfered in politics. Mu Yugen wanted to take advantage of the opportunity to seize power, so he said to Murong Ke: "The emperor (Murong Wei) is too young, and the queen mother always interferes in the government. Your Highness should be on guard against unexpected changes." , think about how to protect yourself. Moreover, it is His Highness’s credit for pacifying the world. The elder brother passed away and the younger brother succeeded, whether in ancient times or in modern times. Deposed, and His Highness ascended the throne, seeking infinite happiness for our Dayan Empire (former Yan Empire)." Murong Ke said in surprise: "You are drunk, otherwise, why are you talking nonsense? I accepted the late emperor's edict at the same time as you, why did you suddenly Make such comments?" Mu Yugen was ashamed, apologized and left.Murong Ke told Murong Chui, king of Wu, that Murong Chui persuaded Murong Ke to kill him. Murong Ke said: "The empire just had a great funeral (the death of the emperor), and the two neighbors (the Jin Dynasty and the former Qin Empire) were staring at each other. Opportunity, but our high-level core is killing each other first, I am afraid it will disappoint people from far and near, so we might as well bear it for a while." Huang Fuzhen, the head of the royal librarian (secretary supervisor), said to Murong Ke: "Mu Yugen is just a mediocre person, and he was accepted by the late emperor. Excessive pampering, being included in the list of ministers appointed to assist the government. Mediocrity means lack of knowledge. Since the national funeral (the death of the emperor), Mu Yugen has been arrogant and vicious. He has risen day by day, and disasters are bound to happen. You are now living in Ji The status of Dan (Duke Zhou) should be considered for the sake of the empire, be considered deeply, and be dealt with as soon as possible." Murong Ke refused.

Mu Yugen reported to Empress Dowager Ke Zuhun and former Yan Emperor Murong Wei, saying: "The Dazai (Murong Ke) and the Taifu (Murong Ping) conspired to rebel, please allow me to lead the imperial guards to attack." Ke Zuhun planned to allow him In action, Murong Wei said: "The two uncles are relatives and talents of the empire. The late emperor (father Murong Jun) specially selected them to entrust orphans and widows. Yugen) plotting a rebellion?" The matter stopped.Mu Yugen missed his hometown in the north, and told Kezuhun and Murongyi: "Now, the whole country is in depression, and there are more than one bandits outside the country (at least two: the Jin Dynasty and the former Qin Empire), and the empire's territory is too large. It makes people worry, it is better to go back to the north." After hearing the report, Murong Ke consulted with the Taifu (the second of the upper third) Murong Ping, secretly impeached Mu Yugen for his crimes, and ordered Fu Yan, the commander of the capital's Western District Garrison (General Right Guard) to enter the State Council (Introspection), kill Mu Yugen and Mu Yugen's wife, children, accomplices, cronies, and then amnesty.At this time, the new king of the empire died, followed by an internal massacre, with corpses everywhere.No matter the center or the place, there was terror, but Murong Ke, the Dazai (one of the Shang Sangongs), was not in a hurry. As usual, no one saw him showing a sad face; every time he went in and out, there was only one servant accompanying him on foot.Some people also suggested: it is best to be on strict guard. Murong Ke said: "People's hearts are floating, and they need tranquility and stability to suppress and appease. Why scare yourself first, and who do you rely on!" Therefore, people's hearts are a little more stable.

Although Murong Ke holds great power, he is conscientious and strictly abides by all the government's laws and regulations. Every decision must be discussed with Prime Minister Murong Ping in advance, and he never acts arbitrarily.He is very humble to people, and likes to listen to others' suggestions on governing the country; he selects talents and appoints officials according to their abilities, and everyone has a suitable position.If a subordinate or a government official made a mistake, Murong Ke never announced it, and only transferred him to another position at an appropriate time. He did not teach them to lose their original status, but only expressed relegation.The transferred officials were all ashamed, and no one dared to commit another crime.Occasionally there was a small mistake, and they all blamed each other: "You plan to ask Dazai (Murong Ke) to transfer your official position!" When the Jin government first heard the news of Murong Jun's death, they thought that the Central Plains would be recovered soon. : "Murong Ke is still alive, our disaster may be greater than before."

On three days and six days, Murong Jun's body was buried in Longling in Longcheng (the former capital of Yan, Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province). He was posthumously named Emperor Jingzhao and temple named Liezu.The soldiers conscripted from various counties and counties gathered in Yecheng, the capital, to participate in the review. Due to a series of changes in the government (the death of the emperor and the Mu Yugen incident), the whole country was uneasy and the morale of the army was shaken. Many people began to flee and went back to their hometowns.As a result, roads to the south of Yecheng were blocked, and traffic was completely cut off in some places.Dazai Murong Ke ordered Wu Wang Murong Chui to "envoy and hold the festival" (first-level power), as General Zhengnan, Commander-in-Chief of the Yellow River Henan Military Region (supervisor of Henan military forces), full-power governor of Yanzhou (shepherd), governor of Jingzhou (inspector), guarding Litai (Yucheng County, Henan Province) belonged to Liang State (Shangqiu County, Henan Province).He ordered Sun Xi to be the governor of Bingzhou (central part of Shanxi Province), and Fu Yan to be the military director of the Central Committee (the general of the army). He led 20,000 cavalry to demonstrate military power in the newly conquered areas south of the Yellow River, and marched to the Huaihe River before returning.Within the borders, people's hearts began to be stable.Sun Xi is Sun Yong's younger brother (Sun Yong was once the county magistrate of North Korea, refer to May 338).

5. Liu Weichen, the chief of the Xiongnu tribe (Hetao area of ​​the Yellow River), sent envoys to the former Qin Empire to request surrender and hunting in the Senai, coming south in spring and returning north in autumn, and Fu Jian, the former king of Qin, approved it. In summer, in April, Yunzhong (Toketuo County, Inner Mongolia) Military Director (Yunzhong Protector) Jia Yong sent military and political officer (Sima) Xu Yun to lead cavalry to raid Liu Weichen, captured a large number of people and livestock and returned.Fu Jian said angrily, "I am treating Hu people with kindness and integrity. What do you mean by undermining this policy for a small profit?" Jia Yong was revoked from all official titles and served as a commoner.Send people back to the captured people and livestock, apologize and comfort.Liu Weichen then lived in Senei and paid tribute continuously.

In June, Ms. Murong, wife of Dai Wang Tuoba Shiyiqian (the capital of Shengle), died (Tuoba Shiyiqian married Ms. Murong again, refer to the first month of 344). In autumn and July, Liu Weichen went to Daiguo to attend the funeral, and took advantage of the situation to ask for a state of in-laws. Tuoba Shiyijian married his daughter to Liu Weichen. 6. Total solar eclipse on August 1st. 7. Xie An, a commoner in the Jin Dynasty (capital Jiankang), had a high reputation since he was a child. He was recruited by the government several times before and after, but he refused to take up an official position.Settled in Kuaiji County (Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province), enjoyed traveling around mountains and rivers, reading and writing.Although he was a commoner, people at that time pinned their expectations on the prime minister on Xie An.Senior intellectuals even said to each other: "If Xie An does not come out to lead the government, who will save the common people!" , all have their "family status". Xie An's cousin Xie Shang is the commander of the capital's garrison and named Chengting Hou. The father Xie Po is the minister of sacrifice. The younger brother Xie Wan is in charge of the military. If there is no such a prominent background , How can his reputation move the government? Xie An is like Yin Hao. After building up "prestige", he can use it to knock on the door of officialdom, and he can become a high-ranking official in one fell swoop without going through low-level or middle-level stages.) Xie An travels Dongshan every time (Southwest of Shangyu City, Zhejiang Province), often with prostitutes.Prime Minister Sima Yu heard the report and said: "Since Xie An shares happiness with others, he has to share troubles with others. If he is recruited, he will definitely come out." Xie Anzheng's wife is Liu Tin's younger sister. , but Xie An retreated calmly and said to him: "A man should not be like this." Xie An covered his nose and said, "I'm not afraid not to be an official, but I'm afraid I must be an official." That’s why he pretended not to be recruited.) It was not until his younger brother Xie Wan was deposed by the government (see October last year) that Xie An thought he had to become an official.At that time, he was more than forty years old (forty-one years old this year), Huan Wen, the general of Zhengxi, hired him as a military and political officer (Sima), and Xie An went immediately. Huan Wen was very happy and treated him very politely.

8. In winter and October, Dugu Tribe of Wuhuan Nationality and Meiyi Gan Tribe of Xianbei Nationality (the location is unknown), each with tens of thousands of people, surrendered to the former Qin Empire.Fu Jian, the former king of Qin Dynasty, moved them to Senai.Fu Rong, Duke of Yangping, suggested: "Rong and Di are all human-faced and beast-hearted, and they don't know what benevolence and righteousness are. So they knocked their heads to the ground and asked to move to Sai Nei. They were just greedy for the fertile aquatic plants in Sai Nei. Invading the border is really a fear of our military power, not a reward for our kindness to him. Now, they are brought into our borders and mixed with our people. They just use this opportunity to investigate the strength of the counties and counties. It must cause turmoil in the frontier, and it is best to let them stay outside the Great Wall to prevent disasters." Fu Jian adopted.

9. In November, the Jin Dynasty enshrined Huan Wen, the great general of Zhengxi, as the Duke of Nanjun, Huan Wen's younger brother, Huan Chong, as the Duke of Fengcheng County, and Huan Wen's son, Huan Ji, as the Duke of Linhe County. 10. Murong Ke, the former Dazai of the Yan Empire, planned to appoint Li Ji as the right executive director of the State Council (you servant shot), but the former Yan Emperor Murong Wei refused, and Murong Ke repeatedly recommended it. This person, Ji, is up to me." Li Ji was released as the county magistrate of Zhangwu County (Dacheng County, Hebei Province): Li Ji died of overwhelmed sorrow. Bo Yang said: Last year (359), Murong Wei hated Li Ji for not wearing a halo on his head in front of his father Murong Jun, and for not describing him as perfect.This year, he is only eleven years old, and he is still a child, but he can hold such a grudge to such an extent that we tremble for his empire. Li Ji can still keep his old life, but Murong Wei has not fully grasped the power at this time, otherwise, there will inevitably be scenes of execution.In the 1970s, Emperor Yu Wenyun of the Northern Zhou Dynasty used executions to repay his loyalty and outspokenness. A degenerate society encourages deceit and dares to tell the truth, so disasters are unpredictable, and the morality of the Chinese people is deteriorating day by day.The only salvation is to eliminate autocratic feudalism first, there is no other way.Any other method is just a side effect. 1. In spring, on the first day of the first lunar month, the Jin Dynasty (capital Jiankang) amnesty. 2. Liu Weichen, chief of the Xiongnu tribe (Hetao area of ​​the Yellow River), plundered more than 50 people living along the border of the former Qin Empire (capital Chang'an), and treated them as slaves and maidservants, and presented them to Fu Jian (24 years old) , Fu Jian blamed Liu Weichen and ordered them to be sent back to their hometowns.So Liu Weichen betrayed and surrendered to Daiguo (the capital Shengle plundered the people of other countries and presented the monarchs of other countries. I don’t know how I came up with this weird behavior). 3. In the Jin Dynasty, Xu, the governor of Yanerzhou (the governor), and Dong'an Bo (Jian Bo) Xi Tan (who was stationed in Xiapi) passed away (at the age of forty-two). In February, the government of the Jin Dynasty promoted Fan Wang, governor of Dongyang County (Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province), to be the commander-in-chief of the Xuyanji Qingyou Military Region (supervisor of the military forces of the five prefectures of Xuyanji, Qingyou, and Qingyou), and also the governor of Xuzhou and Yanzhou. 4. The people of Pingyang County (Linfen City, Shanxi Province) where Zhang Ping, the right general of the former Qin Empire belonged, rebelled and surrendered to the former Yan Empire (the capital Yecheng).The former Yan Empire appointed Jianwei General Duan Gang as the county magistrate, and sent the battalion commander (supervisor) Han Bao to lead the army to assist Duan Gang and jointly defend Pingyang County. 5. Murong Wei (12 years old), the former emperor of the Yan Empire (the third Emperor You), loved the magician Ding Jin very much.Ding Jin intended to flatter Murong Ke, the Taizai (one of the top three princes), so he persuaded Murong Ke to kill Taifu (the second of the three princes) Murong Ping.Murong Ke was furious, reported to Murong Wei, arrested Ding Jin, and beheaded him. 6. Gaochang (refer to September 358) who fled to Xingyang County (Xingyang County, Henan Province) died. Lu Hu, the governor of Hanoi County (Changyang City, Henan Province) of the former Yan Empire, annexed Gaochang's tribes and sent people to Jin Dynasty North Korea (capital Jiankang) asked to surrender.The Jin Dynasty appointed Lu Hu as the governor of Jizhou.Lu Hu planned to lead the Jin army to attack Yecheng, the capital of the former Yan Empire. In March, former Yan Empire Dazai Murong Ke led an army of 50,000, and the champion general Huangfu Zhen led an army of 10,000 to jointly attack Lu Hu.The former Yan Corps arrived at Yewang (the county where Hanoi County Government is located · Qinyang City, Henan Province), and Lu Hu went to the city to defend.Fu Yan, the former Central Military Director of the Yan Corps (General of the Army Guard), requested an urgent attack to save military expenses.Murong Ke said: "Lv Hu, an old thief, has gone through too many difficulties and changes. Judging by his guarding situation, it is not easy to conquer immediately, but it will increase the casualties of soldiers. Recently, he attacked Liyang (Yang Yu's attack on Gaochang was not successful, refer to Three Five In September of the eighth year), he died a lot, and in the end he still couldn't take it, but took his own humiliation. Lu Hu had no food and fodder inside, and no reinforcements outside. We just need to dig deep trenches, build high walls, sit here and wait, so that the generals and soldiers can rest , Sowing dissension among Lu Hu's party members, causing them to fight among themselves, we are not tired at all, but the power of thieves is shrinking day by day, and it will definitely collapse in a hundred days. ” So they built a long wall and surrounded it. 7. In summer, in April, Huan Wen, the general of the Jin Dynasty who conquered the west (then stationed in Jiangling), appointed his younger brother, the advisor of the Forbidden Palace (Huang Menlang), and Huan Huo as the commander-in-chief (dudu) of the seven counties of Mianshui (Han River) The military forces of the seven counties in Mianzhong. Seven counties: Weixing County, Xincheng County, Shangyong County, Xiangyang County, Yicheng County, Jingling County, and Jiangxia County. The headquarters is located in Xiangyang), and Xinye County (Xinye County, Henan Province), Yi The chief of the second county of Chengjun.He led the army to attack Xuchang (to the east of Xuchang City, Henan Province) and defeated Murong Chen, the general of the former Yan Empire (Murong Chen was the governor of Qingzhou, refer to December 358). 8. Hussar General Song Hun of the Qianliang Kingdom (capital Guzang) was seriously ill.Zhang Xuanliang, who had just revoked the title of king (refer to June last year), was twelve years old this year (should be thirteen years old), and visited the Song family with his grandmother, Queen Mother Ma, and asked: "In case the general dies, orphans and widows, rely on Who? How about your son Song Linzong inheriting your position?" Song Hun said: "My son Song Linzong is young, cowardly, and unable to take on great responsibilities. If Your Highness does not abandon our Song family, my younger brother Song Cheng is better than me in handling affairs, but he is slow to respond and cannot cope with changing situations. It is probably okay to use him under the supervision of His Highness." Song Hun warned Song Cheng and his sons: "Our Song family will be If you receive the favor of the country, you must risk your life to repay it, and you must not rely on your official position and power to treat others with pride." He also met government officials and warned them to be loyal to the country. Song Hun passed away not long ago, and even the passers-by on the road wept with sorrow.Zhang Xuanliang appointed Song Cheng as the director (leading general) of the Central Forbidden Army to assist the government. 9. On May 22, Emperor Jin (the eleventh Emperor Mu) Sima Dan passed away (at the age of nineteen), and had no son. Empress Dowager Chu Suanzi ordered: "Langya King Sima Pi (Sima Dan's cousin ) is the orthodox son of the royal family since the resurgence of the empire (Sima Pi was the son of the ninth emperor Sima Yan, and when Sima Yan died, he was passed on to his brothers but not his sons, refer to June 342). To be able to compare with him, the King of Langya (Sima Pi) should be the successor of the Datong." The civil and military officials prepared the dharma (royal second-class ceremonial guard; refer to the leap September of 180 BC) and went to the Langya Palace. Welcome Sima Pi. On May 25th, Sima Pi (21 years old this year) ascended the throne of emperor (the 12th Emperor Ai) and was amnesty. On May 27, Sima Yi (the younger brother of Sima Pi), the king of the East China Sea, was changed to be the king of Langya (successor to Dazong). In autumn, on July 23, Sima Dan was buried in Yongping Mausoleum (at the southern foot of the Mufu Mountain in the north of Jiankang City), with the posthumous title of Emperor Mu and the temple name of Xiaozong. 10. The army of the former Yan Empire besieged Ye Wang for several months. King An Lu Hu sent his general Zhang Xing to fight, and Fu Yan, the former Yan Central Military Director, killed Zhang Xing.During the siege, the people were in dire straits. The former champion general of Yan, Huang Fuzhen, warned his generals: "Lu Hu is at the end of his rope. He is about to break through and escape. He will definitely attack our most vulnerable positions. Most of the troops directly under me are old, weak and remnants with weak weapons. They are excellent, and should be fully guarded." Collect countless spears and shields, and personally inspect the guards on duty at night.After Lu Hu had eaten his food, he dispatched all the elite at night to attack Huangfuzhen's position and attacked violently, hoping to break through, but he was unable to break through. Dazai Murong Ke led the army to counterattack. Abandoning his wife and children, he fled to Xingyang (Xingyang County, Henan Province), which belonged to the Jin Dynasty. Murong Ke appeased the newly returned residents and distributed them food to relieve hunger; intellectuals and generals were forcibly moved to the capital Yecheng, and the others were engaged in their own industries.Appoint Lu Hu's military counselor (joining the army), Liang Chen from Guangping County (old Yongnian Town, southeast of Yongnian County, Hebei Province) as the National History Compilation Palace of the Legislative Yuan (Zhongshu Zhuolang). 11. On September 14th, Jin Emperor Sima Pi made his wife Wang Muzhi the Queen.Wang Muzhi is the daughter of Wang Meng (Wang Meng, refer to March 335).He Fani, the queen of Sima Dan, the former emperor (the eleventh Mu emperor), was called Empress Mu and lived in Yong'an Palace. 12. Zhang Yong, Youjun Zhenggong (You Sima) of the former Liang Kingdom hated Song Cheng's dictatorship, launched a coup, beheaded Song Cheng, and slaughtered Song Cheng's three clans (only five months after Song Hun's death, the whole clan was bloody). Zhang Xuanliang ordered Zhang Yong to be the director of the central military (the central guard army), and his uncle Zhang Tianxi was the director of the central forbidden army (the central leader), and they jointly assisted the government (Zhang Tianxi was the youngest son of Zhang Jun, the second king of Wen, and the youngest brother of Zhang Chonghua, the third king of Huan). 13. Zhang Ping, who surrendered to the former Yan Empire (refer to September 358), attacked Pingyang County and beheaded Duan Gang and Han Bao, the guards of the former Yan Empire.He also attacked Yanmen County (Daixian County, Shanxi Province) and beheaded Shan Nan (Shan, surname), the former county chief of the Yan Empire.However, soon after being attacked by the former Qin Empire, Zhang Ping couldn't resist, and apologized and surrendered to the former Yan Empire again, asking for help.The former Yan government believed that Zhang Ping was capricious and refused.Zhang Ping was killed by the former Qin Empire (Zhang Pingyuan was the governor of the post-Zhao Empire, surrendered to the former Qin in February 351, surrendered to Qianyan in October 352, surrendered to Jin in July 357, surrendered to Jin in 358 In March, he surrendered to Qianqin; in September of the same year, he surrendered to Qianyan again, even in the troubled times of the Great Split, capriciousness is a kind of evil). 14. On September Yihai Day (September Yiweishuo, there is no Yihai), the former Qin Empire amnesty. 15. Huan Wen, the general of the Jin Dynasty who conquered the west, hated Xu and the governor (inspector) of Yanerzhou Fan Wang (who was stationed in Xiapi at the time).Huan Wen was preparing for the Northern Expedition and ordered Fan Wang to lead his army from Liang Guo (Shangqiu County, Henan Province). In winter, in October, if Fan Wang could not arrive within the specified time, he was dismissed from office and demoted to a commoner.Since then, he was expelled from the government and later died at home (at the age of sixty-five). Fan Ning, Fan Wang's son, loves Confucian classics and is simple and upright. He often said: "The crimes of Wang Bi and He Yan are more serious than Si Lugui (Jie) and Zi Shouxin (Zhou)." Excessive, Fan Ning said: "Wang Bi and He Yan despised Confucian school rules and regulations, abandoned benevolence, justice and morality, blindly worshiped glib and unrealistic rhetoric, influenced the next generation of young people, and completely changed the direction of intellectuals, officials and gentry. Finally, social order The disintegration, the fall of the Central Plains, and the remaining customs are still hurting the country today. The violence of Si Lugui and Zi Shouxin was only limited to a short period of time. At most, they died and the country was destroyed. It served as a lesson for future generations, but it did not affect future generations. It is the most powerful force to be imitated. Therefore, I think that the crime of harming one generation is less serious than the crime of harming several generations. The crime of burying oneself is small, but the crime of deceiving everyone is serious." 16. Lu Hu, king of An who fled to Xingyang, betrayed the Jin Dynasty again and fled to the former Yan Empire to surrender.The government of the former Yan Empire pardoned his previous crimes and appointed him as the governor of Guangzhou (the former Yan Empire did not have Guangzhou, but it was just an empty title). 17. Zhang Yong, the military director of the Central Military Commission of the former Liang Kingdom, was becoming more and more proud. He had a big airs, but he was also promiscuous and indulgent. He established private cliques, became a dictator, and continued to punish and kill. The noble officials were afraid and worried.Liu Su, a confidant of Zhang Tianxi, the director of the Central Guarded Forces, and a native of Dunhuang County (Dunhuang City, Gansu Province), said to Zhang Tianxi, "I am afraid that state affairs are unpredictable!" Zhang Tianxi said, "What does this mean?" It’s very similar to Zhang Zuo (the fifth king of Weiwei). Zhang Tianxi was surprised and said, “I’m also a little uneasy, but I dare not speak out, what should we do?” Liu Su said, “The only way is to get rid of him as soon as possible. Zhang Tianxi said: "Who will get rid of him?" Liu Su said: "Me!" At that time, Liu Su was under twenty years old, Zhang Tianxi said: "You are so young, you should find another assistant." Zhao Baiju, two people are enough." In November, Zhang Tianxi and Zhang Yong entered the court together. Liu Su and Zhao Baiju followed Zhang Tianxi and met at the palace gate.Liu Su raised his saber to slash at Zhang Yong, but missed. Zhao Baiju continued to strike, but missed again. The two were terrified, and ran into the palace with Zhang Tianxi.Zhang Yong fled and led 300 armed troops to attack the palace gate.Zhang Tianxi stood on the tower and yelled out: "Zhang Yong is vicious and rebellious. He not only slaughtered the three clans of the Song Dynasty, but also the royal family surnamed Zhang. You soldiers have been the subjects of the kingdom for generations. How can you bear to use weapons to treat them?" Zhang Yong is the only one who will be eradicated today, and the others will not be held accountable." Zhang Yong's troops dispersed in a hurry, Zhang Yong killed himself, and all his family members were slaughtered (Zhang Yong was in power for three months).Zhang Xuanliang appointed Zhang Tianxi as "envoy" (first-level power), champion general, and commander-in-chief of all military regions across the country (supervising Chinese and foreign military forces) to assist the government. In December, the year title "Jianxing Forty-Nine Years" (the year title of Sima Ye, the sixth emperor of the Jin Dynasty) was cancelled, and the year title "Shengping" of the Jin Dynasty was used instead.Jin Emperor Sima Pi issued an edict, appointing Zhang Xuanliang as the commander-in-chief (general governor), commander-in-chief of the Longyou (west of Longshan) military region (supervising all military forces in Longyou), Liangzhou Zhoushi, and Xiqiang Security Commander (Huqiang School) Wei), Feng Xiping Gong. 18. Amnesty of the former Yan Empire. 19. Fu Jian, the former king of the Qin Empire, issued an edict to the governors, county families, and county magistrates: to recommend talents with "filial piety", "integrity", "literature" and "political affairs" and inspect the substance. If the sponsor is really a talent, he will be rewarded. If not All talents shall be punished.Therefore, no one dares to recommend casually; please ask for bribes, save face, all stop, and intellectuals can encourage themselves;At this time, both central and local officials are capable and responsible.The farmland is plowed deeply, the barren fields are reclaimed, the warehouses are full of grain, and the robbers are extinct. Bo Yang said: The peaceful and prosperous world that the Chinese yearn for is nothing more than officials being free from corruption and society being fair.Under the government presided over by a wise leader, Fu Jian, and a legal scholar, Wang Meng, a peaceful and prosperous age emerged in just a few years. The strong conflict between Wang Meng and Fan Shi and their strong reaction to a powerful country reminds people of Gongsun Yang. Their two methods of governing the country are almost exactly the same, using legal means to establish legal dignity.This is completely different from the Confucian school's philosophy of being wise and protecting one's life. Confucian reforms were not successful, and finally opposed any reforms. In this difference, we can find the reason.Just because the Confucian schools are all smart people, they fear "consequences".Fortunately, Wang Meng passed away in peace and glory. If he also followed in the footsteps of Gongsun Yang, it would be one more example of the reason why the Confucian school opposed reform. In history, wise leaders are rare animals, and under the long-term and dark suppression of the Confucian school, the politicians of the school of the rule of law are even rarer!It is the bad luck of the Chinese people to have no law to protect themselves and no channel for justice.When the Chinese have the right to choose the head of state, this bad luck will automatically end. 20. This year, Li Shi, Marquis of Guiyi of the Jin Dynasty (the last emperor of the Chenghan Empire) passed away (15 years since he was captured, refer to March 347). 1. In spring, on the 20th day of the first lunar month, the Jin Dynasty (capital Jiankang) amnesty, and the name of the year was changed (before it was the sixth year of Shengping, and then it was the first year of Longhe). On the 22nd day of the first lunar month, the land tax was reduced, and only two liters per mu were collected (in 330, the government collected one-tenth of the harvest per mu, about three liters per mu). 2. Sun Xing, the governor (inspector) of Yuzhou (the location of the state government is unknown) of the former Yan Empire (capital Yecheng), requested to attack Luoyang (east of Dongbaima Temple, Luoyang City, Henan Province), where the Jin Dynasty was stationed, and said: "The guard Chen You, There are only more than a thousand old, weak and remnant soldiers, guarding an isolated city alone, and they can get it all at once." The former Yan Empire government approved and sent Ningnan General Lu Hu (refer to October last year) to Heyin (northeast of Mengjin County, Henan Province). 3. On January 10, the Jin Dynasty appointed Yu Xi, the governor (internal historian) of the state of Wu (Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province) as the commander of the northern wing guard (General Beizhong Lang), and also the governor of Xu and Yanzhou, guarding Xiapi (Beigupi Town, Suining County, Jiangsu Province).General Longxiang, Yuan Zhen, was the commander of the west wing guard (Xizhonglang general), commander of the Henan Division and Hebei Military Region (supervising the Henan Division and the four prefectures of Hebei), the governor of Yuzhou, and guarding Runan County (Xi County, Henan Province).Both of them are "false festivals" (three levels of power).Yu Xi is the son of Yu Bing (Yu Bing, refer to October 327). On February 15th, Emperor Jin (the twelfth Emperor Ai) Sima Pi (22 years old this year) respected his mother-in-law Zhou Guiren as the Empress Dowager, and her ceremonial clothes and daily life were the same as those of the Empress Dowager (Du Lingyang, Sima Pi's aunt) , died earlier in March 341). 4. Lu Hu, General Ningnan of the former Yan Empire, attacked Luoyang. In summer, on April 25th (the original text was mistakenly placed in March, and it was changed according to "Book of Jin·Ai Di Ji"), Dai Shi, the governor of Henan County (the county government is located in Luoyang) appointed by the Jin Dynasty (Huan Wen left Dai Shi to guard Luoyang , refer to August 356) gave up his post and fled to Wancheng (Nanyang City, Henan Province).The champion general Chen You reported to the government that the situation was urgent. On May 27, General Huan Wen sent Yu Xi and Deng Xia, Governor of Jingling County (Zhongxiang City, Hubei Province) to assist Chen You in defending Luoyang with 3,000 sailors and marines.Deng Xia is the son of Deng Yue (Deng Yue, refer to March 23, 322). Huanwen Shangshu requested that the capital be moved back to Luoyang; he also requested that all refugees who had been exiled to the south of the Yangtze River after the early fourth century (the reign of the fifth Emperor Sima Chi) be moved back to the north to enrich the household registration in the area south of the Yellow River.The central government was terrified when it received this memorial; but it was afraid of Huan Wen's power and dared not express its objection.The problem is that the Central Plains is no longer what it used to be. It is barren and desolate, and the people are fearful and suspicious. Although everyone knows that this must not be done, no one dares to be the first to express their opinion.Sun Chuo, an attendant of Sanqi and editor of national history (the author of Sanqi's regular servant), Shangshu said: "Once upon a time, Zhongzong (the seventh Emperor Yuandi Sima Rui) rose up as a real dragon (the ancients believed that all kings were transformed from dragons or reincarnated from dragons), not only was his integrity blessed by God and his subjects, but he also relied on thousands of miles. The Yangtze River, isolate the enemy and protect yourself. It has been more than 60 years since the world was in chaos (seventy-two years since the outbreak of the "Eight Kings Rebellion" in 291). The Yellow River and Luoshui area are completely in ruins, and the Central Plains The population is sparsely populated. Intellectuals and ordinary civilians have fled to the south of the Yangtze River for several generations (twelve years are one generation). Those who are alive have old sons and grandchildren; Although the nostalgia for the northern homeland is always in my heart, the sorrow of life and death is more personal. "If it is decided to move the capital, the five royal tombs since Zhongxing (Jianping Mausoleum of the seventh Emperor Sima Rui, Wuping Mausoleum of the eighth Emperor Sima Shao, Xingping Mausoleum of the ninth Emperor Sima Yan, Xingping Mausoleum of the ninth Emperor Sima Yan, etc.) The Chongping Mausoleum of Emperor Sima Yue and the Yongping Mausoleum of Sima Dan, the eleventh Emperor, will be far away to the south of the Yangtze River (south of the Yangtze River). After moving the capital, common sense speculates that Luoyang cannot be as strong and safe as Mount Tai. ; and remembering the filial piety of the ancestors will always trouble His Majesty. Huan Wen's proposal to move the capital is really great-hearted and insightful, and seeks long-term benefits for the empire. But the people are shocked and frightened, and they are all afraid. Isn't it because: the joy of returning to their hometown is still to be seen Not yet, and the fear of death is approaching! "Why is it like this? It's just because the exiled refugees at that time had settled down in the south of the Yangtze River for decades. Once they were forcibly uprooted and deported to a poor and barren land, they had to support the old and the young again. Crossing deep water and dangerous streams, abandoning the tombs of relatives, and leaving behind the property on which to survive; fields and houses cannot be sold for a while, and boats and vehicles cannot be manufactured in a hurry. Leaving the safe and rich land, throwing yourself into the village accustomed to war and chaos, Those who are about to be caught by poverty and die on the road, or drowned in rivers and streams, are limited in number who can return to their destination. This is something that benevolent people should feel sorry for and government officials should think deeply about. "According to my ignorant opinion: we should send well-known and prestigious generals to garrison in Luoyang first, and completely wipe out Liang Guo (Shangqiu County, Henan Province) and Xuchang (east of Xuchang City, Henan Province), and completely wipe out the enemy south of the Yellow River. Clean up. The land and water transportation roads will be smooth, and the savings for land reclamation will be abundant. The wolves and beasts (referring to the barbarians) have fled to distant places, and the Central Plains have been calmed down a little, and then slowly discuss the matter of moving the capital. Orbit, and bet on the fate of the empire like a bet on a one-time dice?" Sun Chuo is the grandson of Sun Chu (Sun Chu, refer to May 290).He envied the noble integrity of celebrities since he was a child, and once wrote "Sui Chu Fu" to express his ambition.Huan Wen was very upset when he saw Sun Chuo's memorial, and said, "Tell Sun Chuo, why don't you go to live in seclusion as stated in his "Sui Chu Fu" and meddle in other people's state affairs?" At this time, the government was both worried and panicked about Huan Wen's idea of ​​moving the capital, and planned to send a senior consultant (shizhong) to stop Huan Wen's action.Wang Shu, the Commander-in-Chief of the Gyeonggi Garrison (the governor of Yangzhou), said: "Huan Wen just wanted to use a few big words to teach the officials in power to have a big head, and he didn't really want to be so reckless. As long as he said what he said, he would be helpless." So, Emperor Sima Pi An edict (Sima Yuzhao) was issued to Huan Wen: "Since the war broke out in the country, it has been five'ji' (12 years in the first era). Rong and Di violence have been passed down from generation to generation. I have been looking back to the north, feeling sad Now, I know that the general (Huan Wen) intends to personally lead the three armies to wipe out the demons, clean up the capital, and restore the old capital. Unless it is a hero who regards life as a thing outside of himself and is determined to sacrifice himself to serve the country, who would sacrifice like this? All necessary measures, Under your wise leadership, it is up to you to make the decision. However, the Yellow River and Luoshui areas are barren, and there are too many places to manage. The work has just started, and I am afraid you will have to work hard." As expected, Huan Wen did not mention the matter of moving the capital. And (this is a political battle of wits that requires a high degree of wisdom: sometimes, obedience is not submission, but fierce counterattack; silence is not acceptance, but severe contempt. At least, throw the hot potato back). Huan Wen also planned to move the giant bell and bell frame of Luoyang to Jiankang, the capital. Wang Shu said: "The rebellion in the early fourth century (Yongjia Rebellion), the country was in decline, and the capital was temporarily moved to Jiangnan. What everyone is trying to do is to calm the world. ，还车旧日京师（洛阳）。如果办不到，也应该考虑把皇家祖先坟墓迁过来，不应该先考虑巨钟、钟架。”桓温遂停止。 政府因交州（越南北部）、广州（广东、广西）幅员辽阔，距中央太远，改授桓温增加并司冀三州军区（桓温原当荆司雍益梁宁交广八州军区司令长官，而司州于本年二月划归袁真。此建议改授荆司雍益梁宁并冀八州军区司令长官），桓温上疏，不肯接受。 5、前秦帝国（首都长安）天王（三任宣昭帝）苻坚（本年二十五岁）亲自到国立大学（太学）考试学生们儒家学派经典，跟国立大学教授（博士）讨论课程。从此，每月都来一次。 6、六月十五日，前燕帝国征东将军府军事参议官（征东参军）刘拔在信都（河北省冀县）刺死征东将军、冀州（州政府设信都）州长（刺史）、范阳王慕容友。 7、秋季，七月，攻击洛阳的前燕帝国宁南将军吕护退到小平津（河南省孟津县东黄河渡口），被流箭射中，身死。前燕帝国将领段崇集结残军，渡黄河北上，驻防野王（河南省沁阳市）。晋朝将领邓遐进驻新城（洛阳南）。 八月，晋朝西翼警卫指挥官袁真进驻汝南郡，运米五万斛前往洛阳。 8、冬季，十一月，代国（首府盛乐）代王拓跋什翼犍把女儿献给前燕帝国宫廷；前燕帝国也把皇女嫁给拓跋什翼犍。 9、十二月一日，日食。 10、晋朝徐、兖二州州长庾希从下邳撤退到山阳（江苏省淮安市）。豫州州长袁真从汝南郡撤退到寿阳（寿春·安徽省寿县。胡三省原注：“因洛阳已经解围之故，想不到敌人不久再来。”）。 1、春季，二月己亥日（二月丁已朔，没有己亥），晋朝（首都建康）大赦，改年号（之前是隆和二年，之后是兴宁元年）。 三月十七日，皇太妃周女士在琅邪王府逝世。 三月十八日，晋帝（十二任哀帝）司马丕（本年二十三岁）前往琅邪王府办理丧事。下诏：“宰相（司徒）会稽王司马昱总管内外大事。”司马丕打算给娘亲穿丧服三年，国务院执行长（仆射）江彬报告说：“礼教规定，丧服只能穿三个月。”司马丕又打算穿丧服一年，江彬说：“克制自己的私情，就是为了尊敬祖宗。”司马丕遂穿丧服三个月。（儒家礼教：嫡母才是娘，庶母即令是亲娘，也不是娘，而仍是庶母；婢女即令是亲娘，也不是娘，而仍是婢女；所以司马丕不能穿三年丧服。） 2、夏季，四月，前燕帝国（首都邺城）宁东将军慕容忠攻击晋朝荥阳郡（河南省荥阳县），郡长刘远放弃城池，逃奔鲁阳（河南省鲁山县）。 3、五月，晋朝政府加授征西大将军桓温高级咨询官（侍中）、最高指挥官（大司马）、全国各军区总司令长官（都督中外诸军事）、主管政府机要（录尚书事），“假黄钺”。 桓温延聘抚军将军府军政官（抚军司马）王坦之当秘书长（长史）。王坦之，是王述的儿子（王述时任京畿总卫戍司令）。又延聘征西将军府秘书（征西掾）郗超当军事参议官（参军），王珣当主任秘书（主簿）。每件事都跟郗超、王珣磋商后才定案。司令部官员传出谚语说：“胡子参军，矮子主簿（郗超胡子多，而王珣身材短小），能使桓公喜，能使桓公怒。”桓温意气高傲，见解超人一等，很少佩服别人。只有跟郗超谈话时，常说：“不能预测郗超的反应。”所以推心置腹的相待，而郗超也诚心诚意回报。王珣，是王导的孙儿（王导，参考三三九年七月），跟谢玄同时担任桓温的秘书，桓温对二人同样尊重。桓温说：“谢玄四十岁时一定门竖大旗，手握军符；王珣头发还乌黑时，就会升到三公高位。二人都是不容易得到的英才。”谢玄，是谢奕的儿子（谢奕，是谢安的老哥；参考三五八年八月）。 4、晋朝任命西翼警卫指挥宫（西中郎将）袁真当司冀并军区司令长官（都督司冀并三州诺军事）；北翼警卫指挥官（北中郎将）庾希当青州军区司令长官（都督青州诸军事）。 5、五月十九日，前燕帝国军攻陷密城（河南省密县），晋朝荥阳郡（河南省荥阳县）郡长刘远逃往江陵（荆州州政府所在县·湖北省江陵县）。 6、秋季，八月，角星、亢星之旁出现孛星。 7、前凉王国（首都姑臧）国王（六任冲王）张玄靓的祖母马女士逝世，张玄靓尊奉庶母郭女土当太妃。郭太妃因张天锡专断独行，跟高级官员张钦等阴谋诛杀张天锡；事情泄露，张钦等全被处死。张玄靓大为恐惧，把王位让给张天锡，张天锡拒绝（这是石虎拒绝石弘让位模式，参考三三三年七月）。右将军刘肃等，劝张天锡夺取政权。 闰八月，张天锡命刘肃等在夜间率军突入皇宫，杀害张玄靓（年十五岁），对外宣称张玄靓急病身死，谥号冲公。张天锡自称“使持节”（一级权力）、总司令官（大都督）、最高统帅（大将军）、凉州全权州长（牧）、西平公。本年，张天锡十八岁。尊奉娘亲刘美人当太妃。派军政官（司马）纶骞（纶，姓）带着奏章前往晋朝首都建康，请求任命；并把羁留长达十七年的晋朝监察官（御史）俞归一块送返（俞归被羁留事，参考三四七年十月）。 8、九月十一日（原文误置于闰八月，据《晋书'哀帝纪'》改），晋帝国大赦。 9、冬季，十月，前燕帝国镇南将军慕容尘攻击晋朝陈留郡（河南省开封市东）郡长袁披据守的长平（河南省西华县东北）。晋朝汝南郡（河南省息县）郡长朱斌利用敌人后方空虚，攻击许昌（河南省许昌市东），夺取。 10、代国（首府盛乐）代王拓跋什翼犍出塞攻击高车部落（即敕勒，以车轮高大闻名于世。在今蒙古国北部），大破高车，俘获一万余人，百余万头马、牛、羊。 11、晋朝任命征虏将军桓冲当江州（江西省及福建省）州长。 十一月，姚襄从前的将领张骏击杀江州大营指挥官（江州督护）赵毗（《晋书·桓冲传》：桓温破姚襄时，俘虏姚襄部将张骏、杨凝等，安置寻阳），率领他的部众叛变，向北逃走；桓冲击斩张骏。 1、春季，正月六日，前燕帝国（首都邺城）大赦。 二月，太傅（上三公之二）慕容评、龙骧将军李洪进军黄河以南，夺取土地。 2、三月一日，晋朝（首都建康）实施全国户口总调查，重新整理户籍。流亡的北方侨民所保持的旧籍贯一律撤销，而把现在所居郡县作为新籍贯。法令规定严格，称《庚戌诏书》（三月一日干支是“庚戌”）。 3、晋帝（十二任哀帝）司马丕（本年二十四岁）相信法术师的话，不吃饭，只吃药，以求长生（司马丕本年才二十四岁，距“老”还远，距“死”更遥不可及）。高级咨询官（侍中）高崧规劝说：“这种事情，身价高贵的帝王不适合去做。陛下这项过失像日食月食一样，天下人全都知道。”司马丕不接受。 三月二十二日，司马丕药毒发作，患病卧床，不能处理政务，皇太后褚蒜子再度临朝摄政。 4、夏季，四月二十五日，前燕帝国龙骧将军李洪进攻许昌（河南省许昌市东）、汝南郡（河南省息县），在悬瓠（河南省汝南县）击败晋军。晋朝颍川郡（郡政府设许昌）郡长李福战死；汝南郡郡长朱斌逃往寿春（安徽省寿县），陈郡（河南省准阳县）郡长朱辅退保彭城（江苏省徐州市）。 最高指挥官（大司马）桓温（时驻江陵）派西翼警卫指挥官（西中郎将）袁真（时驻寿春）等阻截，桓温率舰队进驻合肥（安徽省合肥市）。前燕兵团攻取许昌、汝南、陈郡，把居民一万余户强迫迁到幽州（河北省北部）、冀州（河北省中部），留下镇南将军慕容尘镇守许昌。 5、五月二十日，晋朝政府擢升京畿总卫戍司令（扬州刺史）王述当国务院总理（尚书令）。加授最高指挥官（大司马）桓温京畿总卫戍司令、主管政府机要（录尚书事）。 五月二十四日，晋帝司马丕派高级咨询官（侍中）征召桓温到中央亲自主持政府，桓温推辞不肯。 王述每次接受新的官职，从不虚情假意的表示谦虚；但是，凡他辞让的，一定不会辞让了一阵之后仍去接受。擢升国务院总理时，他的儿子王坦之说：“依照惯例，应该表示辞让。”王述说：“你认为我的能力不足以胜任？”王坦之说：“当然不是，而是觉得谦让是一件美事。”王述说：“我既然有能力担任这个工作，为什么要假装没有能力担任这个工作？人家都说你比我强，实际上你赶不上我。” 6、六月，前秦帝国（首都长安）天王（三任宣昭帝）苻坚（本年二十七岁）派藩属事务部长（大鸿胪）到前凉王国（首都姑臧），任命前凉首领（七任）张天锡（本年十九岁）当最高统帅（大将军）、凉州全权州长（牧），封西平公。 7、秋季，七月二十日，晋帝司马丕下诏再征召最高指挥宫（大司马）桓温到中央政府。 八月，桓温应召东下，抵达赭圻（安徽省繁昌县西北黄河南岸）。第二次诏书由国务院执行官（尚书）车灌送达军中，撤销前令。桓温遂停止前进，就在赭圻筑城，坚决辞让主管政府机要（录尚书事），而只遥兼京畿总卫戍司令（遥领扬州牧）。 8、前秦帝国汝南公苻腾叛变，被逮捕诛杀。苻腾，是前任帝（二任）苻生的老弟。当时，苻牛的老弟还有五人（淮南公苻幼、晋公苻柳、魏公苻廋、燕公苻武以及刚被诛杀的汝南公苻腾），王猛警告苻坚说：“不铲除这五个公爵，可是将来的后患！”苻坚不听从。 9、前燕帝国高级咨询官（侍中）慕舆龙前往龙城（前燕故都·辽宁省朝阳市），把皇家祭庙以及留守在龙城的文武百官全部迁到首都邺城。 10、前燕帝国太宰（上三公之一）慕容恪打算夺取仍在晋帝国据守中的洛阳，先派人去招收接纳当地人民，附近所有的自卫堡寨全都归降。遂命军政官（司马）悦希进军盟津（孟津·河南省孟津县东黄河渡口）；豫州州长（刺史）孙兴进军成皋（河南省荥阳县西北汜水镇），大战一触即发。 最初，晋朝沈充的儿子沈劲，因老爹死于谋反（沈充是王敦同党，兵败后误逃到旧部属家，被杀；参考三二四年七月），立志要为国家建立功勋，洗刷耻辱。年己三十有余，因是叛乱犯家属，不能进入政府当官。吴兴郡（浙江省湖州市）郡长王胡之，升任司州（州政府设洛阳）州长，上疏推荐沈劲的才能品行，请求恢复政治权利，担任他的军事参议官（参府事）；政府批准。但王胡之忽然患病，不能到职。现在，前燕帝国大兵团节节进逼，洛阳最高军事首长、冠军将军陈祐孤军据守，武装部队不过二千人。沈劲上疏，自愿隶属陈祐，为国效力。晋帝司马丕下诏任命沈劲当冠军将军府秘书长（冠军长史），沈劲自己招兵买马，集结一千余人，北上洛阳。沈劲不断出击，用少数部队攻击前燕帝国的强大兵团，每次都有斩获。可是，洛阳只是一座孤城，内没有粮草，外没有救兵，陈祐知道不能长期支持，遂宣称要救援许昌（河南洛许昌市东）。 九月，留下沈劲率五百人继续据守洛阳，陈祐率军往东。沈劲兴奋说：“我唯一的盼望就是死。现在，总算达到目的。”陈祐在中途听到许昌陷落消息，遂投降新城（洛阳城南）。前燕兵团军政官（司马）悦希率军攻击晋朝河南郡（郡政府设洛阳）所属各城，全部夺取。 11、前秦天王苻坚，命公爵府一律设立三个部长（晋王朝制度：亲王府设王府禁卫官司令、首府警备区司令、农林官；前秦帝国完全仿效）。首长和其他官属全由公爵自己任用，中央只派王宫禁卫官司令（郎中令）。 富商赵掇（音duo）等车马服装，豪华奢侈，超过商人的身份，各公爵像抢宝贝一样，抢着延聘他们当封国部长。禁宫咨询官（黄门侍郎）安定郡（甘肃省镇原县东南曙光乡）人程宪请求整肃。天王苻坚下诏，说：“我本来的意思是要各位公爵延聘贤明的儒家学派学者，想不到竟拆烂污到如此地步。应该交给有关单位调查严办，凡延聘不恰当人选的公爵，全都贬成侯爵。从此之后，封国所有宫属，统统由国务院文官部长遴选派任。除非是政府官员，不准坐车骑马。京师（首都长安）一百里之内，从事工业、商业的人以及政府机关低级雇员（皂隶），不准佩戴金银首饰，不准穿绸缎衣服，违犯这项规定的人，绑赴刑场，斩首示众。”于是，平阳公、平昌公、九江公、陈留公、安乐公（五公爵的名字不详）都降成侯爵。 1、春季，正月十六日，晋朝（首都建康）皇后王穆之（晋帝司马丕正妻）逝世。 2、代国（首府盛乐）所属的匈奴部落酋长刘卫辰（刘卫辰降代事，参考三六一年正月）再背叛代国。代王拓跋什翼犍渡黄河西征，把刘卫辰跟他的部众（时驻黄河河套地区）逐走。 拓跋什翼犍性情宽厚，王府禁卫官司令（郎中令）许谦偷窃绸锻两匹，拓跋什翼犍知道了却替他隐瞒，对左秘书长（左长史）燕凤说：“我不忍心看许谦的脸色，假如他惭愧自杀，是因为我爱钱的缘故，害死贤才。”拓跋什翼犍在讨伐西部叛乱集团战役中，被流箭射中眼睛，不久，捉到那个射箭的人，部属们要使用最残忍的酷刑——把他身上的肉片片割下，拓跋什翼犍说：“他为他的主人战斗，有什么罪？”把那人释放。 3、晋朝最高指挥官（大司马）桓温自赭圻（安徽省繁昌县西北黄河南岸）移驻姑孰（安徽省当涂县）。 二月二十一日，桓温命他的老弟、右将军桓豁当荆州以及扬州义城郡、雍州京兆郡军区司令（监荆州、扬州之义城、雍州之京兆诸军事。义城郡郡政府设湖北省丹江口市，京兆郡流亡郡政府设襄阳），兼荆州（州政府设江陵）州长（刺史）；加授江州（州政府设寻阳）州长桓冲当江州及荆豫八郡军区司令（监江州及荆豫八郡诸军事）；二人都“假节”（三级权力）。 宰相（司徒）司马昱得到冠军将军陈祐逃出洛阳（河南省洛阳市东白马寺东）消息，跟最高指挥官桓温在洌洲（安徽省当涂县长江中小岛）举行紧急军事会议，讨论对前燕帝国（首都邺成）反击。 二月二十二日，晋帝（十二任哀帝）司马不在太极殿西堂逝世（年二十五岁），军事行动遂被耽搁。司马丕没有儿子。 二月二十三日，皇太后褚蒜子下诏，命琅邪王司马奕（司马丕的老弟）入继大统。文武百官前往琅邪王府迎接。当天（二月二十三日），司马奕（本年二十四岁）登基（十三任废帝）。amnesty. 4、前秦帝国（首都长安）大赦，改年号建元（之前是甘露七年，之后是建元元年）。 5、前燕帝国太宰（上三公之一）慕容恪、吴王慕容垂向洛阳（河南省洛阳市东白马寺东）发动总攻。慕容恪对各将领说：“你们过去总是抱怨我不作猛烈的攻击，现在，洛阳城墙虽高。了是守卫的兵力很弱，容易夺取，不要畏惧胆怯。”于是，开始攻击。 三月，前燕军攻克洛阳，俘虏晋朝扬武将军沈劲。沈劲神色跟平常一样，慕容恪打算把他赦免，中军将军慕舆虔说：“沈劲虽然是一个奇才，使人动心。但是观察他的志向见识，绝不会死心塌地归服，今天释放他，一定会有后患。”遂杀沈劲。 慕容恪夺取土地的军事行动深入崤谷（崤山东方谷口）、渑池（河南省洛宁县西北）。关中（陕西省中部）大为震动，前秦帝国天王（三任宣昭帝）苻坚（本年二十八岁）亲自率军进驻陕城（河南省三门峡市）戒备。 前燕帝国任命左翼警卫指挥官（左中郎将）慕容筑当洛州州长，镇守金墉（洛阳城西北角）；吴王慕容垂当荆扬洛徐兖豫雍益凉秦十州军区司令长官（都督荆扬洛徐兖豫雍益凉秦十州诸军事）、征南大将军、荆州全权州长（牧），配属武装部队一万人，驻守鲁阳（河南省鲁山县）。 太宰慕容恪返首都邺城，对僚属说：“我从前攻克广固（山东省青州市），不能救辟闾蔚（参考三五六年正月）；今年平定洛阳，又使沈劲被杀，虽然都不是我的本意，可是，身为大军元帅，实在对全国人民深感惭愧。” 晋朝政府嘉勉沈劲的忠烈，追赠东阳郡（浙江省金华市）郡长。 Sima Guang said: 沈劲，可以说是一个贤能的儿子。对老爹（沈充）叛逆的罪行深深感到羞耻，而用一死洗涤，使叛逆之族变成忠义之门。《易经·蛊卦》说：“消除父亲的恶迹，全靠自己美好声誉（“幹父之蛊，用誉。”）《尚书·蔡仲之命》说：“要想掩盖前人的罪过，只有一个方法，就是忠孝。”（“尔尚盖前人之愆，惟忠惟孝。”）大概是指此而言。 6、前燕帝国太宰慕容恪当大军统帅，不依赖刑杀威严，依赖恩德诚信。安抚士卒，提纲挈领，总览全局，从不苛刻繁琐，每人都感觉秩序井然，受到保护。平常日子，大营中军纪宽大，看起来没有组织纪律，好像可以一举把它击溃。事实上警备极为细密森严，敌人根本不可能接近，所以，从来没有失败过。 7、三月二十九日，晋朝把十二任帝（哀帝）司马丕及静皇后王穆之（司马丕正妻）安葬安平陵（江苏省南京市北鸡笼山南）。 8、夏季，四月九日，前燕帝国全国武装部队总司令（太尉）、武平公（匡公）封奕逝世。任命最高监察长（司空）阳骛当全国武装部队总司令；高级咨询官（侍中）、特级国务官（光禄大夫）皇甫真当最高监察长，兼立法院总立法长（中书监）。 阳骛一连侍奉四代君王（慕容廆、慕容皝、慕容儁、慕容暐），德高望重，包括太宰慕容恪在内以下所有官员，都向他下拜。可是，阳骛谦虚谨慎，待人恭敬有礼，十分敦厚，远超过他年幼还