The "Eight Princes Rebellion" ended at the beginning of this century, the situation was out of control, and the "Era of Great Split (304-589)" came. The "Great Split Era" is divided into two periods, the early period is the "Five Husbands and the Nineteen Kingdoms Period (304-439)", and the later period is the "Northern and Southern Dynasties Period (439-589)".This century (the fourth century) is the century of the Five Hu and Nineteen Kingdoms. The chiefs of the Xiongnu, Xianbei, Jie, Di, and Qiang nationalities, as well as the heroes of the Han nationality, rose up against the chaotic tyranny caused by the "Eight Kings Rebellion".The two emperors of the Jin Dynasty were captured alive and killed by them.The Jin Dynasty had no choice but to retreat to the south of the Huaihe River, moved its capital to Jiankang (Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province), and became a regional local government (known as the Eastern Jin Dynasty in history).The whole of China was caught in a large-scale and fierce civil war that had never been seen in history. Human lives were not as good as pigs and dogs, which made people cry.

1. In the spring, the first month, Yang Songnu, the younger brother of Yang Yi, the former Duke of Chou Chi, who was appointed by the Jin Dynasty (capital Jiankang), sent his aunt's son, King Liang Shi, to assassinate "King Di" (capital Chou Chi) Yang Chu.Yang Chu's son, Yang Guo, killed Liang Shiwang and his mastermind, Yang Songnu, and claimed to be Qiu Chigong. Huan Wen Shangshu (Memorial), the general who conquered the west of the Jin Dynasty, recommended Yang Guo as the general of Zhenbei and the governor of Qinzhou (the governor). 2. In February, the former Qin Empire (capital Chang'an) was plagued by locusts, and all the grass in the field was eaten up. The cattle and horses were unbearably hungry, and ate each other's hair (even if the cattle and horses are like this, how can people be miserable, the world is miserable).

3. In summer, in April, Murong Jun (37 years old), former emperor of the Yan Empire (the capital of Jicheng) (the second Jingzhao Emperor), returned to Jicheng from Helong (Longcheng, Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province). Before, the people of Youzhou (northern Hebei Province) and Jizhou (central Hebei Province) believed that Murong Jun was about to move the capital back to Helong, panicked and rioted, and armed themselves to protect themselves (for fear of forced emigration).The civil and military officials asked to send troops to fight against them. Murong Jun said: "Those little people raised their troops and rebelled because I went out to inspect and were suspicious. Since I have returned, people's hearts will naturally be peaceful, and there is no need to use troops."

4. Sun Hei, head of Lanling County (Lanling Town, southwest of Cangshan County, Shandong Province), Gaozhu, head of Jibei County (east of Dong’e County, Shandong Province), and Gao Gao, head of Jianxing County (east of Chengxian County, Hebei Province) under the Jin Dynasty Wang Hui, governor of Hanoi County (Qinyang City, Henan Province), and Han Gao, governor of Liyang County (Jun County, Henan Province), both belonged to the former Qin Empire and surrendered their counties to the former Yan Empire. (The chaos caused by the fall of the Later Zhao Empire has been settled. But the war between the newly rising regimes has just begun.)

5. Fu Sheng, the former king of Huainan in the Qin Empire, was blind in one eye since he was a child and had a rude temperament.Grandfather Fu Hong (Pu Hong) once made fun of him, saying: "I heard that when a blind child cries, only one eye sheds tears. Is it true?" DC, said: "This is the tear from the other eye!" Fu Hong was shocked by the violent reaction of the grandson, and whipped him. Fu Sheng cried out, "I can bear the stabbing with knives and spears, but I can't bear the whipping." He said to Fu Sheng's father, Fu Jian: "This child is arrogant, absurd, and irrational. He should be eradicated as soon as possible, otherwise, his family will be ruined." Fu Jian planned to kill him.Fu Xiong, Fu Jian's younger brother, dissuaded him and said: "My child will change his ways when he grows up. How can he be so impatient!" , can catch up to galloping horses.Whether it is short-armed attack or horseback archery, it is famous all over the world.The crown prince Fu Chang (refer to July last year) passed away. Empress Qiang intends to appoint her youngest son Fu Liu, the king of Jin, to be the crown prince. "The three sheep should have six eyes, the three sheep have only five eyes, and one eye is blind), so Fu Sheng was named the prince.Appoint Supreme Inspector-General (Sikong) and Pyeongchang King Fujing as Commander-in-Chief of the National Armed Forces (Taiwei); Premier of the State Council (Shang Shuling) Wang Chuo as Supreme Inspector-General; Commander of Gyeonggi Garrison (Sili Xiaowei) Liang Leng as Premier of the State Council .

6. Last year (354), Yao Xiang, the chieftain of the Qiang nationality who surrendered to the former Yan Empire (then stationed in Xuyi), was persuaded by his subordinates to return to the north, and Yao Xiang agreed. In May, Yao Xiang attacked Waihuang (northeast of Qixian County, Henan Province), where the champion general Gao Ji of the Jin Dynasty was defending. Coincidentally, Gao Ji died, and Yao Xiang marched to occupy Xuchang (east of Xuchang City, Henan Province). Bo Yang said: On the day of Yao Yizhong's death, he earnestly warned his son to return to the Jin Dynasty (refer to March 352).Yao Xiang followed his will, took his father's coffin with him, and led the crowd to the south to serve the Jin Dynasty wholeheartedly.Unexpectedly, although the power group headed by Yin Hao is incompetent externally, its ability to turn friends into enemies internally is very outstanding (any government that is incompetent externally is often good at fighting inside the nest).The day Yao Xiang went north was only three years away from the time he went south.In three years, Yin Hao forcefully forced a loyal force to rebel. His crimes should not be forgiven.And the tears of heroes loyal to the motherland can't wash away the wounds in their hearts.This kind of sorrow is full of history, and Yao Xiang is not alone.

7. On June 6, the former Qin Emperor Fu Jian fell ill. On June 10, King Fujing of Pingchang led an army to assault the uterus of the crown prince, preparing to kill the crown prince Fusheng and succeed him to the throne by himself.At that time, Fu Sheng was serving his father in the West Palace (Zheng Palace). Fu Jing thought that Fu Jian was dead, so he attacked the East Gate of the West Palace.When Fu Jian heard the news of the coup d'état, he immediately boarded the Duanmen Gate, assembled warriors, and imposed martial law for self-defense.Seeing that Fu Jian was still alive, the coup army immediately panicked, threw away their weapons, and fled in all directions.Fu Jian arrested Fu Jing, blamed him one by one, and then beheaded him; the others ignored him.

On June 12th, the Supreme Commander (Da Sima) and Wudu Wang Fu An was appointed as the commander-in-chief of all military regions in the country (supervisor of Chinese and foreign military forces. Fu Xiong died, Fu Jing took over; Fu Jing died, Fu An took over). On June 14th, Fu Jian summoned the Taishi (one of the top three princes) Yu Zun, the prime minister Lei Ruoer, the Taifu (the second one of the top three princes) Mao Gui, the Supreme Supervisor Wang Tuo, the Premier of the State Council Liang Leng, and the State Council Executive Zuo. The chief (left servant) Liang An, the right executive director of the State Council (right servant) Duan Chun, the Minister of Civil Affairs of the State Council (the Minister of the Ministry of Officials) Xin Lao, etc., accepted the will at the same time and assisted the successor king.Fu Jian said to Fu Sheng: "If any of the six barbarian chiefs and ministers in power do not obey your orders, they should be eliminated gradually."

Sima Guang said: Senior officials who accepted the will, so they can complete the mission of counseling the successor prince, because they are his wings.Since he regards these senior officials as his wings, but teaches him to cut off his own wings, how can he not fall to death?Knowing that someone is unfaithful is enough to distrust them.Entrusting him with great power, and then being suspicious of him, will rarely cause trouble! On June 15th, Fu Jian passed away (at the age of thirty-nine), posthumously named Emperor Jingming, and temple named Gaozu. On June 16, Prince Fu Sheng (21 years old this year) ascended the throne (the second emperor), was amnesty, and changed his reign name to Shouguang (the first year was the fifth year of Emperor Shi, and then the first year of Shouguang).Civil and military officials said: "It is not an ancient etiquette to change the year name without waiting until the next year!" Long Duan Chun; so, cut Duan Chun (Duan Chun, as the Minister of Tuogu, was the first to be operated on for this trivial matter).

8. In autumn and July, Zhou Min, Minister of Civil Affairs of the State Council of the Jin Dynasty, was promoted to be the left executive director of the State Council.Someone once told Sima Yu, King of Kuaiji: "Wuling King (Sima Xi) is manufacturing weapons wantonly in the palace, and he is about to launch a coup." My biggest wish is to run around, hunt turtles and hunt. I hope you will deal with this matter with a silent attitude and never mention it again, so that the rumors will disappear." Sima Yu thinks it is extremely true. 9. The former Qin Emperor Fu Sheng respected his mother Qiang Qiang as the empress dowager, and made his wife Liang Nvtu the empress.Empress Liang is the daughter of Liang An, the left executive director of the State Council.Fu Sheng appointed Zhao Shao, a sycophant and guard commander of the Taiwomen (Prince Gate Doctor), from Nan'an County (southeast of Longxi County, Gansu Province), as the right executive director of the State Council; Hu Jun); National History Compiler (Zhu Lang) Dong Rong was the Executive Palace of the State Council (Shang Shu. Zhao Shao, Zhao Huo, Dong Rong, Fu Sheng's three cronies).

10. Zhang Zuo, the king (five powerful kings) of the former Liang Kingdom (the capital Guzang), was licentious and tyrannical.Zhang Zuo disliked the power of Zhang Guan, the governor (inspector) of Hezhou (where the state government is located), so he ordered Suofu, the governor of Zhangye County (northwest of Zhangye City, Gansu Province) to replace Zhang Guan and guard Fanghan (where the government of Hezhou Prefecture is located) county.).And sent Zhang Guan to lead the army to crusade against the rebellious Xiongnu tribe.Then Zhang Zuo sent generals Yi Chuai and Zhang Ling to attack Zhang Guan with 13,000 infantry and cavalry.Wang Luan, a native of Zhangye County, knew well about fortune-telling and divination. He told Zhang Zuo: "This time the army is dispatched, and it will definitely not come back. The kingdom is in danger." He also pointed out Zhang Zuo's three major crimes.Zhang Zuo jumped into a rage, thinking that Wang Luan's rumors were deceiving the crowd, so he beheaded him in public.When Wang Luan was executed, he said: "I die, the army was defeated outside, and the king was assassinated inside. It is absolutely true, it must be so." Zhang Zuo slaughtered Wang Luan's family. Zhang Guan got the news, killed Suofu, led the army to counterattack Zhang Zuo, and sent orders to the state and county governments: depose Zhang Zuo from the throne, and ordered Zhang Zuo to retain his title of Marquis of Changning and return to his private house: Support the restoration of Liangning Marquis Zhang Yaoling (Zhang Yaoling was deposed matter, refer to December of the previous year).Yi Chuai and Zhang Ling's army had just crossed the Yellow River, Zhang Guan faced the battle, Yi Chuai and others were defeated, abandoned the remnant army, and fled back alone.Taking advantage of the victory, Zhang Guan came after him, and the capital, Guzang, was shaken and frightened. Xiaoqi General Dunhuang County (Dunhuang City, Gansu Province) Song Hun's elder brother Song Xiu had an unpleasant relationship with Zhang Zuo and feared Zhang Zuo's revenge. In August, Song Hun and his younger brother Song Cheng fled westward, gathered more than 10,000 armed troops, responded to Zhang Guan, and returned to the army to advance towards Guzang.Zhang Zuo sent his general, Yang Qiuhu, to bring Zhang Yaoling to Dongyuan, pull him down and cull him (for a child who is only twelve years old, one beheading is enough, but he used this torture), and buried the small body in the sandpit , Posthumous title Ai Gong. 11. Fu Sheng, the former emperor of the Qin Empire, appointed General Fu Huangmei as the King of Guangping, and Fu Fei as the King of Xinxing. They were very close friends.The supreme commander and Wudu Wang Fu'an was recruited back to Beijing (capital Chang'an) and concurrently served as the commander-in-chief of the national armed forces; Jin Wang Fu Liu was appointed as the general of the East and the full-power governor (shepherd) of Bingzhou (central Shanxi Province) to guard Puban (Yongji, Shanxi Province) County); Wei Wangfu (sound sou) was the general of Zhendong and the full-power governor of Yuzhou, and guarded Shancheng (Sanmenxia City, Henan Province). Hu Wen, the chief legislator of the Legislative Yuan (Zhongshujian), and Wang Yu, the supreme legislator of the Legislative Yuan (Zhongshuling), said to Fu Sheng: "Recently, the star Pui appeared next to Arcturus, and the star Yinghuo entered the Dongjing constellation. Arcturus is the emperor The seat: Dongjing Constellation, which is the area of ​​the ancient Qin Kingdom. The results of divination show that within three years, the empire will hold a huge funeral and senior officials will be killed. I hope that your majesty will improve your character and resolve the disaster." Fu Sheng said : "The queen and I face the world together, and the 'huge funeral' can be fulfilled: Taifu (Second of Shang San Gong) Mao Gui, Cheqi General Liang Leng, and Executive Director of the State Council (Pu She) Liang An, accepting the will to assist in governing, can Fulfillment of 'senior officials'." In September, Fu Sheng beheaded Queen Liang, Mao Gui, Liang Leng, and Liang An (the father of Queen Liang).Mao Gui is the uncle of Empress Liang. Zhao Shao, the right executive director of the State Council, and Zhao Huo, the military director of the Central Committee, are both cousins ​​of Zhao Ju, the governor of Luozhou (the state government is located in Yiyang).The two were deeply favored by Fu Sheng. Fu Sheng appointed Zhao Ju as the Prime Minister of the State Council. Zhao Ju claimed that he was seriously ill and resolutely declined. Matter! Mao Gui, Liang Leng, Liang An, what crimes did they have to be killed? What credit do I have to replace them (a few words, it can be seen that the heart is sad, if everyone has Zhao Ju's knowledge, it is natural to fight in the nest Stop)? Do yourselves well, but I'm doomed." Worrying too much, dying. 12. General Xiaoqi Song Hun of the former Liang Kingdom (the capital of Guzang) led his army to Wushi Daze (the current location is unknown, but according to the location, it should be in the west of the capital Guzang), announced the death of the fourth king (King of Ai) Zhang Yaoling, and held a sacrifice Mourning ceremony. In the ninth month of leap, Song Hun's army arrived in Guzang, the capital.Zhang Zuo, the former king of Liang, ordered the arrest of Zhang Juan's younger brother Zhang Ju and Zhang Song's son Zhang Song, intending to execute them.Zhang Ju and Zhang Song got the news and urgently recruited hundreds of strong men, declaring to the outside world: "Zhang Zuo is fierce. My elder brother (Zhang Guan)'s army has arrived in the east of the city. Anyone who dares to raise his hand to fight will slaughter the three clans." Ximen, welcome the army of Song Hun into the city. Zhao Chang, who had been promoted to the director of the Central Forbidden Army (leading general), was terrified (Zhao Chang and others, refer to November of the previous year), entered the palace and forced the third king (Huan Wang) Zhang Chonghua's mother, Ms. Ma, to ascend to the palace, announcing that Also support Zhang Chonghua's youngest son, Zhang Xuanliang, Marquis of Liangwu.Zhang Zuo's confidant general Yi Chuai and others led an army to break in, arrested Zhao Chang and others, and executed them on the spot.Zhang Zuo was on the golden hall, pressing the hilt of his sword, shouting sharply, urging the guards on the left and right to fight and resist.However, Zhang Zuo had already lost the morale of the army, and when it was an emergency, no one was willing to work hard for him. In the chaos, he was executed by the soldiers (age unknown).Song Hun chopped off Zhang Zuo's head and hung it on a high pole to show that he had been executed. Then he dragged Zhang Zuo's body to the side of the road to show the public, and the capital Guzang cheered for long live.Zhang Zuo's two sons were also executed, and Zhang Zuo was buried with commoner etiquette.Song Hun and Zhang Ju enshrined Zhang Xuanliang as the supreme commander (general), governor of Liangzhou, and Xiping Gong, and pardoned the whole country. No).This year, Zhang Xuanliang is seven years old. When Zhang Guan returned to Guzang, he elected Zhang Xuanliang as the king (six Chongwang): Zhang Guan was an "envoy" (first-level power), and he was the commander-in-chief of all military regions across the country (supervising Chinese and foreign military forces), Premier of the State Council, and Liang The full-power governor of the state (central and western Gansu Province) was granted the title of Duke of Zhangye County; Song Hun was appointed as the executive director of the Tongwu Council (Shangshu Pushe).Li Yan, a native of Longxi County (Longxi County, Gansu Province), occupied the county seat, rejected the leadership of Zhang Guan, and changed to the reign title of the current emperor of Jin Dynasty (the eleventh Mudi Sima Dan) (the eleventh year of Yonghe this year), and many people attached.Zhang Guan sent his general Niu Ba to attack, but before the army arrived, Wei Wei, a native of Xiping County (Xining City, Qinghai Province), also occupied the county and rebelled. Niu Ba's army broke up and fled back in embarrassment.Zhang Guan then sent his younger brother Zhang Ju to attack Wei Chen and defeated him.Ma Ji, the magistrate of Jiuquan County (Jiuquan City, Gansu Province), gathered a crowd to respond to Wei Wei; Zhang Guan sent military and political officials (Sima) Zhang Yao and Wang Guo to attack Ma Ji. 13. In winter, in October, the Jin Dynasty promoted Xie Shangdang, the governor of Yuzhou, and the commander of the Jiyou Military Region (supervised and joined the military forces of the three prefectures of Hebei and You), guarding Shouchun (at the beginning of Jiankang, the capital of the Jin Dynasty, Zu Ti was the governor of Yuzhou, The state government set up Qiaocheng. In October 322, Zuyue retreated to Shouchun; in March 329, Yu Liang became governor of Yuzhou, and the state government was set up in Wuhu. In March 339, Mao Bao became governor of Yuzhou , the state government set up Zhucheng. In September of the same year, Yu Yi became the governor of Yuzhou, and the state government set up Wuhu again. According to "Song Shu Zhoujun Zhi", in 345, Zhao Yin became the governor of Yuzhou, and the state government set up Niuzhu. In 346, Xie Shang became governor of Yuzhou, and the state government was established in Liyang. Until October of this year, it was moved to Shouchun). 14. Duan Kan, the general of Zhenbei who accepted the title of official and titled by the Jin Dynasty, and Duan Kan (who was stationed in Guanggu; refer to July 350), who claimed to be the king of Qi, wrote a letter based on his cousin relationship with the former Emperor Murong Jun of the Yan Empire. To Murong Jun, accusing him of not being an emperor.Murong Jun was furious. In November, Murong Jun appointed Murong Ke, king of Taiyuan, as commander-in-chief (general governor) and general of Fujun; Yang Yu was Murong Ke's deputy commander-in-chief to attack Duan Kan. 15. The former Qin Empire promoted Xin Lao, the Minister of Civil Affairs of the State Council, to act as the Premier of the State Council (observing the Minister's order), Zhao Shao, the right executive director of the State Council, became the left executive director of the State Council, Dong Rong, the executive officer of the State Council (Shangshu), became the right executive director of the State Council, and Zhao Shao, the military director of the Central Committee He was the commander of the general garrison of Gyeonggi (Sili Xiaowei). 16. In December, Gao Zhao, the king of the Kingdom of Goguryeo (the capital of Marudu) (the former king of the sixteenth home country), sent envoys to pay tribute to the Qianyan Empire and asked to return his mother (refer to November 342) .With the permission of the former Emperor of Yan Empire, Murong Jun, he sent General Diao Kan to send Gao Zhao's mother, Ms. Zhou, back home.Appoint Gao Zhao as the general of the East, governor of Yingzhou, and Feng Lelanggong: but still maintain the title of King of Goguryeo, just like in the past. 17. Feng Yang, a native of Shangdang County (southwest of Licheng County, Shanxi Province), from the former Yan Empire expelled Duan Gang, the county chief, and occupied Anmin City (north of Xiangyuan County, Shanxi Province). He claimed to be the county chief of Shangdang County, and sent people to surrender to the Jin Dynasty. 18. Lei Ruo'er, the former prime minister of the Qin Empire, had an upright temperament. Because Zhao Shao and Dong Rong created chaos and disrupted order, he often publicly criticized Zhao Shao and Dong Rong in the government; every time he saw them, he would gnash his teeth.Zhao Shao and Dong Rong made small reports to Emperor Fu Sheng and secretly framed them.Fu Sheng then ordered Lei Ruo'er, Lei Ruo'er's nine sons and twenty-seven grandchildren to be killed.As a result, the various Qiang tribes felt rebellious (Lei Ruo'er was the leader of the Qiang people in Nan'an County). Although Fu Sheng was in the mourning period, his entertainment and food were still the same as usual.When receiving government officials, the guards on the left and right have their arrows on the string, their knives out of their sheaths, hammers, iron oranges, iron saws, iron chisels, etc., and all weapons that can injure or disable people are placed beside them.Not long after ascending the throne of the emperor, the queen, concubine, three princes, ministers, and servants have killed more than 500 people, and the methods are cruel. Some cut off their legs, some broke their ribs, and some used a saw. The necks were amputated, and some had their stomachs cut open to take out fetuses. The atrocities continued. 19. Murong Jun, the former Emperor of Yan, believed that Duan Kan (who was stationed in Guanggu at the time) was at the peak of his force, and said to Taiyuan King Murong Ke: "If Duan Kan sends troops to defend along the Yellow River, and we cannot cross the river, we might as well abandon Duan Kan and change The plan is to return the army to attack Lu Hu (the king who was stationed at the time), and then go to the division." Murong Ke sent light-armed troops to the west bank of the Yellow River to gather and build ships to test Duan Kan's reaction.Duan Kan's younger brother, Duan Wei, who is brave and good at fighting, has a strategy, and suggested to Duan Kan: "Murong Ke was a good general who was good at commanding battles, and now he has a lot of soldiers. If they are allowed to cross the Yellow River, the army will reach the city. I am afraid that even if you want to surrender, you will not be able to do it. Please stick to the city and let me lead the elite to intercept along the Yellow River. A marquis of a thousand families." Duan Kan refused to accept, Duan Wei repeatedly asked, Duan Kan was furious, and cut Duan Wei. 1. In spring, the first month, Taiyuan King Murongke of the former Yan Empire (the capital of Jicheng) led his army across the Yellow River and advanced to more than 100 miles away from Guanggu (Qingzhou City, Shandong Province, the base of Qi Wangduankan); Qi Wangduankan He led 30,000 troops to fight. On the 30th day of the first lunar month, Murong Ke defeated Duan Kan's army in Zishui, captured Duan Kan's younger brother Duan Qin alive, and beheaded Duan Kan's right secretary-general (You Changshi) Yuan Fan and others; ) Pi Luwei (Pi Lu, resurname) was seriously injured; Murong Ke heard that he was a sage, and sent people to look for him, but Pi Luwei was dead, and thousands of soldiers surrendered.Duan Kan escaped with his life and returned to Guanggu City to hold on; Murong Ke surrounded him layer by layer. 2. The former Supreme Inspector General (Sikong) of the Qin Empire (capital Chang'an), Wang Chuo, has an upright and strict temperament.Dong Rong, the right executive director of the State Council (the right servant), and the senior consultant (servant) Qiangguo, all use flattery to obtain official positions.Wang Luo hated them like enemies.Dong Rong never said a word to Wang Yu every time he met the emperor in the Jinluan Palace.Someone warned Wang Zhuo: "Dong Rong has a high status and is favored by the emperor. No one can compare with him; you should be a little bit wronged and associate with him." Wang Zhuo said: "Dong Long (Dong Long is Dong Rong What kind of chicken and dog? But you plan to teach the pillar of the country to talk to him?" Coincidentally, the astrology in the sky changed, and Dong Rong and Qiangguo suggested to Fu Sheng (22 years old this year), the former (second) Emperor of Qin, "The condemnation from heaven is serious, and it should be passed on to the noble officials." Said: "Noble senior officials, there are only the supreme commander (Da Sima Fu'an) and the supreme inspector (Sikong Wangqiu)." Dong Rong said: "Da Sima (Fu'an, king of Wudu) is the emperor's close relative (Fu An is Fu Sheng uncle), you must not kill him." Fu Sheng then killed Wang Chuo.When Wang Zhuo was tied to the execution ground and was about to be executed, Dong Rong said to him, "Do you still dare to compare me, Dong Long, to a chicken and dog today?"Du Yu, the governor (inspector) of Luozhou (the state government is located in Yiyang), is Wang Yu's nephew, and Zhao Shao, the left executive director of the State Council (Zuo Pushe), hates him very much. He made a small report to Fu Sheng and framed Du Yu behind his back. The crime is that Du Yu will surrender to the Jin Dynasty (capital Jiankang).So, cut Du Yu. On Renxu day of the first lunar month (Ding Maoshuo of the first month, there is no Renxu), Fu Sheng hosted a large-scale banquet for all civil and military officials in the Taiji Hall, and ordered the Premier of the State Council (Shang Shuling) Xin Lao to be the "drinking officer". When everyone was half drunk, Fu Sheng Suddenly he was furious and said, "Why don't you drink them? There are still people sitting there sober and not lying down?" He raised his bow and shot an arrow at Xin Lao, who was killed immediately.The civil and military officials were terrified, and no one dared to refuse to drink, so they lay all over the ground, and all their hats rolled off, Fu Sheng was very happy. 3. Liu Wuhuan, the chief of the Xiongnu tribe, died (Liu Wuhuan succeeded to the throne and married the daughter of Dai Wang Tuoba Shiyiqian, refer to October 341), and his younger brother Liu Yantou succeeded to the throne, intending to betray Daiguo (capital Shengle). In February, Dai Wang Tuoba Shiyiqian led an army westward to inspect the border and approached the Yellow River. Liu Yantou was frightened and asked to surrender. 4. Taiyuan King Murong Ke of the former Yan Empire surrendered to the cities of Qi King Duan Kan (who was stationed in Guanggu at the time). On Ji Chou Day in February (Ding Youshuo in February, there is no Ji Chou), Wang Teng, Duke of Changyang, Duan Kan, appointed by Duan Kan, led his army to join him.Murong Ke ordered Wang Teng to maintain his original palace position and return to Yangdu (south of Yinan County, Shandong Province), the original defense area. 5. The former general of the Qin Empire and Jin Wang Fu Liu (who was stationed in Puban at the time) sent military counselors (joining the army) Yan Ling and Liang Shu to the former Liang Kingdom (capital Guzang).Fu Liu wrote to Zhang Xuanliang (eight years old this year), the former King of Liang (sixth King of Chong), to induce Zhang Xuanliang to join him.When Yan negative and Liang Shu arrived in Guzang, Zhang Guan, the commander-in-chief of the military regions of the former Liang Kingdom (supervisor of Chinese and foreign military forces) met them and declared: "I am a subject of Jin (Jin Dynasty), and subjects cannot To make friends outside the borders, what can you learn from me here?" Yan negative and Liang Shu said: "The king of Jin (Fu Liu) is next to you, although thousands of mountains and rivers separate it, but the wind direction is the same and the roads are connected. So why are you surprised that we are specially sent here to extend a hand of friendship?" Zhang Jin said: "Our king has gone through six generations (Zhang Gui, Zhang Xiang, Zhang Mao, Zhang Jun, Zhang Chonghua, Zhang Yaoling), and we have all been loyal to Jin Dynasty. State, if we interact with General Fu, I am afraid that we will violate the original intention of the former king and corrupt the integrity of intellectuals and common people. Is it okay?" Yan negative and Liang Shu said: "The state of Jin is weak and has lost its destiny. It has been a long time, so the two former kings of your country bowed their heads to the two Zhao kingdoms (Han Zhao Empire and Later Zhao Empire). King Ren and Zhang Jun became ministers to the Zhao Empire). Today, the power and endowment of our Great Qin Empire (former Qin Empire) are at their peak. If King Liang (Zhang Xuanliang) wants to be emperor in Hexi (central and western Gansu Province), it must not be us The rival of the Great Qin Empire. If you intend to maintain the stance of serving the big country as a small country, then why not abandon the Jin country and serve the Qin Empire, so as to maintain its prosperity and wealth for a long time?" Zhang Guan said: "Zhongzhou (Central Plains) likes to talk nothing. In the past , Zhao Guo (later Zhao Empire) envoys' vehicles have just returned, and their army has arrived (referring to 346, the current affairs of the third king Zhang Chonghua), I can't believe it." Yan negative and Liang Shu said: "Since ancient times Since then, the emperors living in Zhongzhou have had different education and culture. Zhao Guo loves treachery, and the Great Qin Empire sticks to faith. How can we generalize? Zhang Xian and Yang Chu both raised troops to resist and refused to surrender. The first emperor (the first emperor Fu Jian) ​​attacked , captured alive (capture Zhang first, refer to September 350, but only defeated Yang Chu), pardon their crimes, and bestow them with titles and official positions, which is not comparable to Shijiaban (later Zhao Empire)! Zhang Guan said: "Sure enough, as you said, the Great Qin Empire is invincible in the world. Why don't you go to capture Jiangnan first? Then the world will belong to you! Today, why should General Fu do anything more?" Yan negative and Liang Shu said: " The people in Jiangnan (south of the Yangtze River) have their hair cut off and their bodies tattooed. People who don’t know the truth rebel first; The former Liang Kingdom) can communicate with righteousness, so send envoys first to express goodwill. If you cannot understand the will of heaven, Jiangnan will be able to prolong life for several years, and Heyou may no longer be your territory." Zhang Guan said: " We span three prefectures (Liangzhou, Hezhou, and Shazhou, refer to December 345), with 100,000 armed forces, from Congling (Pamir Plateau) in the west to the Yellow River in the east, more than enough to attack others, let alone Just defense? Why are you afraid of you?" Yan negative and Liang Shu said: "Your country has strong mountains and rivers, how is it better than Xiaoshan and Hangu Pass? The people are richer than Qinzhou (southern Gansu Province), Yongzhou (Central part of Shaanxi Province) How?Du Hong and Zhang Ju inherited Zhao's ready-made foundation, with strong soldiers and horses, and wealth like mountains.The army flag of the first emperor pointed to the west, and within ten days and a half months, the enemy disappeared like ice cubes and drifted away like floating clouds. Unknowingly, the overall situation changed masters (refer to August 350).If the lord (Fu Sheng) thinks that your country refuses to surrender, he will be furious, and a million-strong combat force will march westward with drums beating, how will your country deal with it? Zhang Guan said with a smile: "This kind of matter should be decided by the king, and I can't make the decision myself." Yan negative and Liang Shu said: "Although King Liang is born wise, he is still young."Your Excellency is in charge of Yi Yin and Huo Guang, and the safety of the country depends on your words. " Zhang Guan was terrified, so he declared: under the order of Zhang Xuanliang, he sent envoys to the former Qin Empire to proclaim his ministers.According to Zhang Xuanliang's title of official rank, the former Qin government made a new appointment. 6. General Liu Du of the Jin Dynasty (capital Jiankang) attacked Lushi (Lushi County, Henan Province) where Tulang, governor of Qingzhou in the former Qin Empire, was stationed.Muyu Changqing, a general of the former Yan Empire, passed through Zhiguan (west of Jiyuan City, Henan Province) and attacked Peishibao (southeast of Yuanqu County, Shanxi Province) where Qiangzhe, governor of Youzhou, the former Qin Empire, was stationed. Former Qin Emperor Fu Sheng sent former general and Xinxing Wang Fu Fei to resist Liu Du, and Jianjie General Deng Qiang to resist Mu Yu Changqing.Fu Fei hadn't arrived yet, but Liu Du had already retreated.Deng Qiang fought with Changqing Muyu, defeated the former Yan army, and captured Muyu Changqing and more than 2,000 armed soldiers. 7. Huan Wen, the general of the Jin Dynasty who conquered the west, wrote to the Central Committee, requesting that the capital be returned to Luoyang (to the east of Dongbaima Temple, Luoyang City, Henan Province), and the emperor's cemetery should be rebuilt. The central government refused to approve the memorials submitted more than ten times.Only Huan Wen was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the expedition (the governor of the conquest), the commander of the Siji Military Region (the governor of the two states of Hebei), and the crusade against Yao Xiang (who was stationed in Xuchang). 8. In March, Fu Sheng, the former emperor of the Qin Empire, conscripted Sanfu (that is, Guanzhong, the central part of Shaanxi Province) civil servants to build the Weishui River Bridge.Cheng Ji, the highest state official (doctor Jin Ziguanglu), persuaded him that it would hinder farmers from farming.Fu Sheng was furious and beheaded Cheng Huo. 9. In summer, in April, Chang'an (Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province), the capital of the former Qin Empire, was violently windy. The roofs were lifted, trees were pulled down, and the palace was terrified and disturbed.There were rumors that thieves were about to attack, and the gates of the palace were closed during the day, which took five days to return to normal.Emperor Fu Sheng tracked down the rumors, and anyone who said: "The thieves will attack" will have their chests cut open.The Zuo special state official (Doctor Zuo Guanglu) strongly persuaded: "When disasters come from heaven, your majesty should love the people, worship the gods, punish people with lenient punishment, and cultivate kindness, so as to meet the will of heaven, and then the disaster can be eliminated." Fu. Sheng was furious, smashed the top of Qiangping's head with a hammer, and then killed him. The capital garrison commander (General Wei) Guangping Wang Fu Huangmei, former general Xinxing Wang Fufei, Jianjie General Deng Qiang, because Qiangping is the younger brother of the Empress Dowager Qiang, repeatedly kowtowed to dissuade them, Fu Sheng ignored them, and released Fu Huangmei as Feng Yijun ( Dali County, Shaanxi Province) County Chief (Left Feng Yi), Fu Fei was the County Head of Fufeng County (Mei County, Shaanxi Province) (Fufeng Right), and Deng Qiang acted as County Head of Xianyang County (Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province); His bravery is still cherished, so he was saved from death. In May, Empress Dowager Qiang passed away with mixed sorrow and regret; she was named Empress Mingde. Bo Yang said: Once the poison of unlimited power takes hold, even one's own mother can't do anything about it. This is the horror of autocracy.In a democratic society with a sound legal system, once the people regret that they chose the wrong leader of the country, they don't have to worry to death in fear, but can use their votes to replace him. 10. Yao Xiang, who betrayed the Jin Dynasty, attacked Luoyang, which was stationed by Zhou Cheng (refer to the first month of the previous year) from Xuchang. 11. In June, Fu Sheng, the former emperor of the Qin Empire, issued an imperial edict, saying: "I accept the order of heaven to be the king and rule all nations. Since I ascended the throne, something is wrong, and the voice of slander has been fanned and spread all over the world. I have slaughtered less than a thousand people so far, but people have viciously accused me of being cruel and tyrannical! Pedestrians stand shoulder to shoulder on the road, how can it be counted as fewer! I still want to continue to use severe punishments, who will What can you do to me!" Since the spring of last year (355) (now it is June), a large number of jackals and tigers have been found between Tongguan (Tongguan County, Shaanxi Province) and the capital Chang'an (Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province) (air distance of 130 kilometers) Leopards haunt the avenues during the day, prowling and roaring, and at night they attack residents and destroy doors and windows.They do not eat domestic animals such as cattle, sheep, pigs, dogs, chickens and ducks, but only eat people. More than 700 people, adults and children, were swallowed and killed.Peasants dare not go to the farmland, so they stop plowing and picking mulberries. They gather together to form villages and build fortresses for self-defense, but the disasters of wild animals cannot be stopped. In autumn and July, civil and military officials asked Emperor Fu Sheng to offer sacrifices to the gods to resolve disasters. Fu Sheng said: "Beasts are hungry, of course they can eat people, and when they are full, they will stop eating. What can be done to make sacrifices? How can God not love people?" Yes, just because there are too many criminals, so help me kill and eradicate them." Bo Yang said: There is often a debate between the so-called "hypocrite" and "the real villain" in the world. Because people deeply hate the "hypocrite", some literary hooligans pretend to be "the real villain" and put on stage, hoping that everyone will think "he is not a hypocrite" This is why many "true villains" are more terrifying than "hypocrites".Because the "hypocrite" is sometimes forced into a corner, his conscience may still sprout, but the "true villain" has no corner at all.The idea of ​​holiness may wake up the "hypocrite", but it cannot wake up the "true villain". The "hypocrite" has scruples, so he is a hypocrite.But the "true villain" just made it clear that I am a shameless person. As the saying goes: "Those who are hard are afraid of being dumb, those who are dumb are afraid of being horizontal, those who are horizontal are afraid of dying, and those who are not desperate are afraid of being shameless!" When you reach the realm of "shameless", you can do anything and be invincible!Fu Sheng, without losing the true qualities of a "true villain". 12. On July 12th, Murong Ye, the former Crown Prince of the Yan Empire (Prince Xianhuai), passed away. 13. A lone army from Yaoxiang attacked Luoyang. It took more than a month to conquer Luoyang. Secretary-General (Chang Shi) Wang Liang dissuaded him, saying: "You are famous, your army is powerful, and the hearts of the people are loyal to you, but now you are trapped under the fortified city. The strength has been hit, and the power has been frustrated. If other thieves take the opportunity to attack, it will be a dangerous way." Yao Xiang ignored it. General Huan Wen of the Jin Empire conquered the west from Jiangling (the county where the Jingzhou state government is located · Jiangling County, Hubei Province) and then led the army to the North Expedition, and sent the battalion commander (supervisor) Gao Wu to Luyang (Lushan County, Henan Province) to assist the country General Dai Shi entered the Yellow River, and then set off with the main force himself.He boarded the tall building of the ship with his subordinates, looked north at the Central Plains, and sighed: "For the sinking of China's land, it has turned into ruins that have been uninhabited for a hundred years. Wang Yan and his group must take responsibility!" Clear talk, refer to April 311.) Recorder (recorder) Yuan Hong from Chen Jun (Huaiyang County, Henan Province) said: "There are ups and downs in fate, how can we be sure that someone is at fault?" Huan Wen pulled his face , said seriously: "Once upon a time, Liu Biao had a big ox that weighed a thousand catties. It ate ten times more grass and grain than ordinary oxen, but it was not as good as a thin old cow for carrying things and traveling long distances. When Cao Cao arrived in Jingzhou ( At that time, Jingzhou Prefecture Government set up Xiangyang, refer to September 208), and killed it to comfort the soldiers." (Huan Wen's original note: "Huan Wen compared Yuan Hong to a big bull, which will only waste the state's salary, and has no real use .”) Bo Yang said: If there is such a thing as "confusing the public eye" in the world, Yuan Hong will provide a model.What Huan Wen pursued was the number one cause of the chaos in the world. Yuan Hong was so peaceful, and the chaos in the world was just a trap of the devil. Under the design of the devil, no one is responsible, and everyone is responsible!这是一个有毒的反应程式。千载之下，我们仍深为痛心。 八月六日，桓温挺进到伊水，姚襄解除洛阳包围，回军抵抗，把精锐部队埋伏在伊水北岸树林中，派使节对桓温说：“想不到你亲自率领大军北征，我愿意投降，请下令大军稍稍后退，我当在道路旁边，伏身下拜。”桓温说：“我奉命恢复中原，祭祀皇家坟墓，跟你毫不相干。你如果愿意来，就请前来，马上见面，不必再派使节。”姚襄在伊水北岸据守迎战，桓温集结阵势，发动攻击，桓温身披铠甲，亲自督战，姚襄部众大败，被杀数千人。姚襄率部下数千骑兵，逃到邙山（洛阳城北）。当天夜半，民众抛弃妻子，追随姚襄的有五千余人。姚襄骁勇而爱护部属，所以，虽然屡战屡败，人民只要知道他在什么地方，就扶老携幼，前往投靠。晋朝远征军屮，谣传姚襄重伤身死，被俘虏的许昌（河南省许昌市东）、洛阳一带男女，都面向北方，痛哭流涕。姚襄向西逃走，桓温追赶已来不及。弘农郡（河南省灵宝县东北）人杨亮从姚襄那里归降桓温，桓温向他询问姚襄是一个什么样的人？杨亮说：“姚襄的智慧和胸襟，是孙策一级人物，而雄健英明，还超过孙策（孙策，参考一九五年十月）。 据守洛阳的周成率众出城投降。桓温把司令部设在故宫太极殿前，不久，再迁到金墉城（洛阳城西北角，杨芷、贾南风婆媳死处）。 八月己丑日（八月甲午朔，没有己丑），桓温晋谒晋朝皇家墓园（分布在洛阳城北邙山一带），有损坏的地方，加以修复，每一个墓园，都设立一个管理官（陵令）。上疏推荐并仟命镇西将军谢尚当司州军区司令长官（都督司州诸军事），镇守洛阳。因谢尚还没有抵达，遂留下颍川郡郡长毛穆之、大营指挥宫（督护）陈午、河南郡（郡政府设洛阳）郡长戴施率两千人驻防洛阳，保护皇家墓园。把投降的民众三千余家强迫迁到长江、汉水之间。逮捕周成，班师而归。 姚襄投奔平阳（山西省临汾市·汉赵帝国故都），前秦帝国并州（州政府设蒲坂）州长尹赤率领部众，再投降姚襄（尹赤叛姚襄事，参考三五二年三月）。姚襄遂占领襄陵（山西省襄汾县。襄陵属平阳郡）。前秦帝国最高统帅（大将军）张平（参考三五一年二月）攻击姚襄。姚襄战败，跟张平和解，结为异姓兄弟，各自休兵。 14、齐王段龛（时驻广固）派他的部属段蕴去晋朝求救。晋朝皇帝（十一任穆帝）司马聃（本年十四岁）下诏（司马昱诏），命徐州州长荀羡（时驻下邳）随段蕴北上增援。荀羡进抵琅邪郡（山东省临沂市），畏惧前燕兵团强盛，不敢再进。前燕帝国徐州州长王腾（本年二月背叛段龛）攻击鄄城（山东省鄄城县北），荀羡攻击王腾的根据地阳都（山东省沂南县南），正巧大雨连绵，城墙崩坏，生擒王腾，斩首。 15、冬季，十月一日，日食。 16、前秦帝国皇帝苻生夜间吃了很多枣，早上起床时，发现生病；召唤御医管理宫（太医令）程延诊治，程延说：“陛下没有别的病，只是吃枣太多罢了。”苻生冒火说：“你不是圣人，怎么知道我吃枣！”斩程延。 17、前燕帝国最高指挥官慕容恪包围齐王段龛根据地广固（山东省青州市），各将领要求加强攻击，慕容恪说：“军事行动，有的应该缓慢，有的应该迅速，不可以不作分辨。如果敌我势均力等，敌人外面又有强大的援军，我们腹背有受到夹击的危险，攻势就不可不急。如果我们强，敌人弱，敌人又没有外援（慕容恪压根没有把晋朝的战斗力看到眼里），完全在我们的控制之下，就应该把他套牢，等待他精力枯竭，自行毙命。《孙子兵法》说：'十围五攻'，正是指我们目前的情况（兵力超过敌人十倍，包围敌人；兵力只超过敌人五倍，就需要发动攻击）。段龛的军队还多，军心还没有瓦解，济南（古济河之南）那次会战，段龛部队的战斗力并不是不强，只是他在指挥上犯了错误，为自己制造失败。而今他仗恃坚固的城池，上下同心合力，我如果用精锐攻击，计算起来，几天功夫，就能夺取；然而死亡一定惨重。自从进入中原，战争征伐从没有停息，我常感到哀伤，每一次想起，夜间都难以入睡，怎么可以轻率的要士卒死亡？我们只要求攻克，不要求成功的速度。”各将领都说：“这不是我们所能想得到的。”军中传播这个消息，人人感动欢欣。于是，挖更深的壕、筑更高的墙，包围圈更为严密。当地人民争着捐赠粮食给围城部队。 段龛固守城池，砍柴割草的路径都被断绝，城中饥饿，居民互相格杀吞吃（人间惨事）。段龛率全军出战，慕容恪就在围墙内击败段龛的突击，并派出骑兵封锁所有城门，切断守军退路。段龛亲自冲锋，勉强冲进城门，其他部队全都覆没。城中残余守军精神崩溃，不能再守。 十一月十四日，段龛双手反绑在背后，出城投降；同时，交出朱秃（朱秃杀慕容钩叛，参考前年七月），送到首都蓟城（北京市）。慕容恪安抚新归降的居民，古齐王国地区（山东省北部）全部平定。把本地鲜卑人、匈奴人、羯人三千余户人家强迫迁到首都蓟城。前燕帝（二任景昭帝）慕容儁（本年三十八岁）用“五刑”把朱秃残酷处死（“五刑”：一、先在面上刺字。二、削鼻，三、砍下双趾。四、用鞭抽死。五、斩首、剁成肉酱。参考前二〇八年八月）。任命段龛当伏顺将军。慕容恪留下慕容尘镇守广固，命国务院左秘书长（尚书左丞）鞠殷当东莱郡（山东省莱州市）郡长，章武郡（河北省大城县）郡长鲜于亮当齐郡（山东省淄博市东临淄镇）郡长；然后班师。 鞠殷，是鞠彭的儿子。当时鞠彭在前燕帝国当皇后宫总管（大长秋），写信警告儿子说：“王弥和曹嶷，一定还有子孙，你要善待他们，不可以翻老账、寻旧怨，扩大祸乱。”鞠殷用心查访，在深山中找到王弥的侄儿王立和曹嶷的孙儿曹岩，请他们相见，深结友情。鞠彭更派使节送给他们车马衣裳，郡民们从此一团和睦（鞠彭受曹嶷压力，投奔慕容廆事，参考三一九年十二月，迄今三十八载。鞠彭寥寥数语，提供一个政治家形象）。 晋朝徐州州长荀羡得到段龛失败消息，退回下邳，留将军诸葛攸、高平郡（山东省金乡县西北昌邑镇）郡长刘庄，率三千人驻守琅邪郡（山东省临沂市）；军事参议官（参军）谯国（安徽省亳州市）人戴（音dun）等，率二千人驻守泰山郡（山东省泰安市东）。前燕帝国将军慕容兰驻扎卞城（山东省泗水县东卞桥乡），荀羡击斩慕容兰。 18、晋帝司马聃下诏（司马昱诏），派兼任最高监察长（司空）、散骑侍从官（散骑常侍）车灌等“持节”（二级权力）前往故都洛阳，整修皇家五座坟墓（司马懿墓、司马师墓、司马昭墓、一任帝司马炎墓、二任帝司马衷墓）。 十二月十九日，司马聃和全体文武官员都穿上孝服，在太极殿遥祭祖先，追悼三天。 19、晋朝司州军区司令长官（司州都督）谢尚因病不能去洛阳（司州州政府所在县）到职；政府因而改命首都建康（江苏省南京市）市长（丹阳尹）王胡之接替。王胡之，是王廙的儿子（王廙是王敦的堂弟，参考三一五年八月）。 20、本年，“氐王”仇池公（首府仇池）杨国被堂叔杨俊谋杀，杨俊自称仇池公。杨国的儿子杨安投奔前秦帝国。 1、春季，正月一日，晋朝（首都建康）皇帝（十一任穆帝）司马聃（本年十五岁）举行加冠礼。皇太后褚蒜子下诏：交还政权，大赦，改年号（升平）。褚蒜子迁到崇德宫居住。 2、前燕帝国（首都蓟城）皇帝（二任景昭帝）慕容儁（本年三十九岁），征召幽州（州政府设龙城）州长乙逸当左特级国务官（左光禄大夫）。乙逸夫妇共挤在一辆窄小得仅可载一只鹿的小车上。他们在中央政府任官的儿子乙璋却带着侍从、骑兵卫士数十人，衣裳华丽，在首都蓟城郊外迎接。乙逸气得发昏，关起车门，不跟他说一句话。进城之后，对乙璋严厉责备，乙璋不能改过。乙逸时常担心乙璋难免失败，可是乙璋不但没有失败，反而步步高升，历任立法院最高立法长（中书令）、总监察官（御史中丞）。乙逸叹息说：“我从少年时修身敬业，严格要求自己奉公守法，也不过仅能免除犯罪受刑而已。乙璋对自己从不检点，一心一意奢侈放纵，反而擢升到高位，这并不仅仅是乙璋的侥幸，也实在是这个世界已经败坏，没有公理！” 3、二月二十三日，前燕帝慕容儁封皇子中山王慕容暐（本年八岁）当太子，大赦，改年号光寿（之前是元玺六年，之后是光寿元年）。 4、太白星进入东井星座，前秦帝国（首都长安）有关官员奏称：“太白星是一个罪恶之星，东井星座的辖区是古秦王国地区（陕西省中部），表示京师（首都长安）将发生暴动。”前秦帝（二任）苻生（本年二十三岁）说：“太白到东井，是它自己口渴，想喝点什么，何必大惊小怪！” 5、独立作战的姚襄图谋夺取关中（前秦帝国）。 夏季，四月，姚襄从北屈（山西省吉县）进驻杳城（陕西省黄陵县），派辅国将军姚兰前往敷城（陕西省洛川县东南）夺取土地，曜武将军姚益生、左将军王钦卢各率军队出发，招收羌部落跟匈奴部落。姚兰，是姚襄的堂兄。姚益生，是姚襄的老哥。羌人跟匈奴人以及前秦帝国所属的汉人，归附的有五万余户。 前秦帝国开始反击，将领苻飞龙生擒姚兰。姚襄率军进驻黄落（今地不详），前秦帝苻生派卫大将军广平王苻黄眉、平北将军苻道、龙骧将军东海王苻坚（苻雄的儿子）、建节将军邓羌，率步骑兵混合兵团一万五千人投入战场。姚襄坚守营垒，不肯出战，邓羌对苻黄眉说：“姚襄先后被桓温、张平击败（参考去年八月），锐气已完全丧失。然而，他这个人倔强好胜，我们如果擂起战鼓，遍举军旗，直逼他的营门，他忍受不住这种侮辱，羞愤交加，一定大怒出战，可以在一场会战中把他擒获。” 五月，邓羌率三千人的骑兵，直压姚襄大营，筑垒布阵。姚襄果然怒不可遏，全军出战。邓羌假装无法取胜，向后撤退，姚襄追击，追到三原（陕西省三原县），邓羌迂回攻击，苻黄眉等大军随后攻击，姚襄军大败，他所骑的战马名黧眉锅（音gua。黑嘴黄毛）。忽然栽倒，姚襄从马上跌下，前秦军生擒姚襄，斩首（年二十七岁）。老弟姚苌不能再战，率所有部众投降。 姚襄一直运载老爹姚弋仲的灵柩随军行动。前秦帝国皇帝苻生，用国王的礼仪把姚弋仲安葬在孤磐（甘肃省甘谷县境），并用公爵的礼仪埋葬姚襄。 苻黄眉等返首都长安，苻生不但没有赏赐，反而当众多次侮辱苻黄眉。苻黄眉大怒，阴谋洙杀苻生，事情被发觉，处死，牵连王爵公爵、皇亲国戚，很多人被洙杀。 6、五月十九日，前燕帝慕容儁派抚军将军慕容垂（慕容霸）、中军将军慕容虔、中央军事总监（护军将军）平熙，率步骑兵八万人混合兵团，远出塞北，攻击敕勒部落（蒙古国北部），大破敕勒军，俘虏及斩杀十余万人，得到马十三万匹，牛羊亿万头。 7、匈奴民族的一支贺赖部落酋长贺赖头率部众三万五千人，向前燕帝国投降。前燕帝国把他们迁移到代郡（河北省蔚县）的平舒城（山西省广灵县）。 8、前秦帝苻生梦见一条大鱼，在吃蒲草（符生祖宗本姓蒲，参考三五〇年正月）。同时首都长安（陕西省西安市）有谣言说：“东海大龟变成龙，男的变成王，女的变成公。”苻生下令逮捕太师（上三公之一）、主管政府机要（录尚书事）、广宁公鱼遵，连同他的七个儿子、十个孙儿，一齐斩首。最高国务官（金紫光禄大夫）牛夷，恐惧大祸临头，请求当荆州（州政府设丰阳）州长。符生不准，任命他当中军将军，召见时，苻生调侃说：“牛的性情迟钝，很会拉车，虽然没有骏马的腿脚，仍可以承当得住一百石的重担。”牛夷说：“虽然拉的是大车，但没有走过悬崖绝壁，我愿意试试拉得更多，才知道有没有成果。”苻生笑说：“痛快！你嫌责任太轻，是不是？我就要把鱼遵的位置让给你。”牛夷大为恐惧，回家后即行自杀。 苻生不分昼夜的饮酒，有吋候一连几个月烂醉如泥，足不出宫。臣属所上奏章，苻生看都不看，到了最后，往往石沉大海，没有下文。有时沉醉中裁决国事，左右侍从人员遂从中为非作歹。所作的奖赏处罚，毫无标准。有时到了傍晚，才登上金銮宝殿，主持会报，醉眼惺忪中，诛杀了很多人。苻生因为自己瞎了一只眼，自卑感十分严重，特别忌讳“歹”“缺”“偏”“只”“少”“尤”“不具”等字和这一类的话，犯了这个错误而被诛杀的不可胜数。他性情残忍，喜爱活剥牛、羊、驴、马的皮，又喜爱用滚水褪除鸡、鸭、鹅、小猪的毛，让它们在金銮宝殿前，数十只成为一群，痛苦哀号，挣扎奔跑。有时更活剥人的脸皮，再教他唱歌跳舞。对这些惨剧，苻生都要亲自驾临观看，大为欢乐。曾经询问他的左右官员，说：“自我当皇帝以来，你听到民间有什么评论？”左右官员有人回答：“天子圣明，赏罚公平，天下人齐声歌颂太平盛世。”苻生大怒说：“你拍我的马屁呀！”下令处死。过了些时，又提出同样问题，左右官员有人作相反回答：“陛下刑罚稍微重了一点。”苻生照样大怒说：“你说我的坏话呀！”也下令处死。对国家有过贡献的功臣和故旧亲戚快诛杀净光，文武官员，熬过一天，如同熬过十年。 东海王苻坚（苻生堂弟）一向受世人赞美，跟故姚襄的军事参议官（参军）薛赞、权翼有深厚的友谊。薛赞、权翼向苻坚秘密建议说：“皇上（苻生）猜忌残忍，十分暴虐，无论中央或地方，人心已经离去。而今，能够主持帝国皇家祭祀香火的，除了你，还有谁？请早作打算，不要使政权落到其他姓氏人的手里！”苻坚问国务院执行官（尚书）吕婆楼，吕婆楼说：“我，挂到刀柄环上的人（胡三省原注：“曹魏帝国及晋朝时代，流行用刀柄把人筑死。吕婆楼的话，表示随时会被筑杀。”），恐怕不能成大事。我乡下邻居有位叫王猛的隐士，他智谋之高，超过这个时代，殿下应请他来，向他讨教（王猛隐居华山，参考三五四年五月）。”苻坚遂通过吕婆楼召请王猛。二人一见如故，谈到对时事的看法和掌握，苻坚大为高兴，自认为是刘备遇到了诸葛亮（参考二〇七年十一月）。 六月，天文台长（太史令）康权报告皇帝苻生说：“昨天夜间，天际同时出现三个月亮，而孛星又进入太微星座，跟东井星座相连。从上月（五月）上旬，天气阴沉，直到今天，没有下雨，这是显示地位卑微的人将谋害地位尊贵的人！”（根据神秘预言书之一的《洪范五行传》，天气久阴不雨，表示臣下对在上位的人有不利的阴谋，夏侯胜曾警告过西汉王朝九任帝刘贺，参考前七四年六月）苻中认为妖言惑众，勃然大怒，扑杀康权。 特进（朝会时位置仅次于三公）兼总监察官（御史中丞）梁平老等对苻坚说：“皇上丧失理性，官员和庶民无处愁苦哭喊，每人都怀着背叛的心，燕国（前燕帝国）和晋国（晋朝），一直寻找机会，准备挑起战争。恐怕灾难爆发的那天，家与国同时灭亡。这是殿下的责任，应该早日下手。”苻坚同意他的判断，但畏惧苻生的骁勇，不敢发动。 一天晚苻生对宮女说：“阿法兄弟也不可信赖，明天就把他们除掉。”宫女秘密通知苻坚跟苻坚的老哥清河王苻法。苻坚、苻法立即采取行动。苻法跟梁平老以及“特进”、特级国务官（光禄大夫）强汪，率武士数百人，暗中进入云龙门（皇宫正南门）；苻坚跟吕婆楼率亲军三百人，擂动战鼓，大声呐喊，在后追随，发动攻击，担任皇家卫士的官兵，都放下武器，归附苻坚。苻生仍醉醺醒地躺在那里，苻坚亲军冲进去时，苻生蓦地惊醒，问左右侍卫说：“他们是谁？”左右侍卫说：“他们是贼！”苻生说：“既然是贼，你们为什么不叩头？”苻坚亲军忍不住大笑。苻生又叫：“为什么不跪下？再不跪下，斩首！”苻坚亲军把苻生拉到另一个房间，罢黜他的皇帝头衔，贬作越王。不久，把他格杀（年二十三岁），谥号厉王。 苻坚把皇帝宝座让给老哥苻法，苻法说：“你是嫡子（苻坚的娘亲苟女士是苻雄的正妻），而且贤能，应该继位。”苻坚说：“大哥的年纪比我大，应该继位。”苻坚的娘亲苟女士向文武官员流泪说：“国家大事，责任沉重，我儿子自己知道不能担当，如果将来大家后悔，应是各位的过错。”文武官员都叩头请求苻坚登基。苻坚（本年二十岁）遂撤销“皇帝”名号，改称天王（大秦天王），在太极殿正式登基（三任宣昭帝）。诛杀苻生的亲信马屁精：立法院总立法长（中书监）董荣、国务院左执行长（左仆射）赵韶等二十余人。大赦，改年号永兴（之前是寿光三年，之后是永兴元年）。追尊老爹苻雄为文桓皇帝，尊娘亲苟女士当皇太后，封正妻苟女士当皇后、世子苻宏当皇太子。任命清河王苻法当全国各军区总司令长官（都督中外诸军事）、丞相、主管